Patent Application
20240318819
This application claims priority to EP application Ser. No. 23/164,184.6 filed Mar. 24, 2023, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present disclosure relates to the assessment of fuels in a combustion device. Some embodiments of the teachings herein include systems and/or methods for the assessment of fuels in the form of flammable gases or gas mixtures containing hydrogen.
Common gas types in combustion devices are for example those from gas group E (according to EN 437: 2009-09) and gases from group B/P (according to EN 437:2009-09). Gases from group E, like almost all gases from the second gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), contain methane as their main constituent. Gases from group B/P, like all gases from the third gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), are based on propane gas. The mixtures based on methane gas or propane gas are ultimately mixtures from different gas sources with which the combustion device can be supplied. There are increasing levels of interest in mixing and combusting natural gas and hydrogen.
When gas mixtures of methane and hydrogen are combusted while keeping the excess of air constant, the measured ionization current changes as the hydrogen content increases. For a constant volume of air, if an air supply or blower speed or power is controlled to a constant setpoint ionization current value, the air-fuel ratio λ varies as the hydrogen content changes. This is also associated with a change in the efficiency of the combustion device. At best, elevated values of undesired combustion products such as for example carbon monoxide may also occur.
Furthermore, a changed hydrogen content may give rise to the phenomenon of flareback. The air-fuel ratio λ also has an influence on this. The narrower the air-fuel ratio λ range is kept during operation, the easier/simpler it is to prevent flarebacks.
In conventional ionization current controllers, a setpoint ionization current value for methane gases is saved for each air supply or blower speed or power. Admixtures of hydrogen result in different ionization currents than for example pure methane gas. However, due to the small quantities of hydrogen admixtures which have hitherto been known, only slight differences in the air-fuel ratio λ and thus in efficiency have been observed.
Patent application DE10030630A1 addresses and claims a method for monitoring the speed of a blower. A speed of a blower of a combustion device is established in the course of the method. The established speed is compared with a reference value. The comparison reveals whether the blower is in a sufficiently steady state. If the speed deviates too far from the reference value, the speed measurement can be directly forwarded. The aim of the method from DE10030630A1 is to achieve a practical balance between the greatest possible accuracy in the steady state of the blower, on the one hand, and errors as a result of dynamic changes, on the other.
European Patent EP1154202B2 discloses and claims a control facility for a combustion device using an ionization electrode. The ionization electrode is arranged in the flame region of the combustion device. A combustion device controller uses an ionization signal from the ionization electrode to weight first and second control signals. The controller generates an actuating signal for an actuating element from the control signals weighted in this way.
A further European patent EP1396681B1 claims a burner controller for evaluating the signal from a combustion sensor. The combustion sensor may be an ionization electrode in the flame region. The burner controller determines an actuating signal for a fuel supply or air supply from the combustion sensor signal.
A further European patent EP3299718B1 claims a method for combusting a fuel from a specified fuel group and a computer-readable storage medium with an instruction set for carrying out the method. The method involves determining a fuel supply and a requested power of the combustion device. If the fuel supply and requested power are located outside a range for reliable availability of a fuel, a fault signal is generated.
A patent application DE102018118288A1 addresses a method for monitoring and controlling a burner flame of a heating appliance burner. The method claimed in DE102018118288A1 involves applying two alternating voltages to the ionization electrode. Ionization currents relating to the alternating voltages are then measured and their difference calculated.
German Patent DE19839160B4 relates to a first and a second ionization signal with an opposing curve. Combustion can be interrupted if the first ionization signal deviates excessively from a control value or the second ionization signal deviates excessively from a check value.
The teachings of the present disclosure may be used for controlling a combustion device, in particular with regard to gases or gas mixtures comprising hydrogen. It additionally relates to optimized operation of the combustion device without flarebacks. For example, some embodiments include a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising: specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9); recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal from the second sensor (10, 11); determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) is of a different composition from the first fuel (7): determining a second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) and with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) and with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the method comprises: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a first, negative or a first, positive sign of the first index; and determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first, negative or first, positive sign of the first index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), the method comprising: changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal from the first combustion sensor (9); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal from the second sensor (10, 11); determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) is of a different composition from the third fuel (7): determining a third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; determining a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the method comprises: determining a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.
As another example, some embodiments include a computer program comprising commands which cause a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out one or more of the methods described herein.
As another example, some embodiments include a computer-readable medium, on which the computer program as described herein is stored.
As another example, some embodiments include a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one duct selected from an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one duct, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11), which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured: to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); to control the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) and with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9); to record a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9); to record a second signal from the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) is of a different composition from the first fuel (7): to determine a second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and to control the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) and with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured: to determine a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to determine a first, negative or a first, positive sign of the first index; and to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first, negative or first, positive sign of the first index.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured: to adjust the at least one actuator (4; 6); after adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a third signal from the first combustion sensor (9); after adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a fourth signal from the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function the fourth signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) is of a different composition from the third fuel (7): to determine a third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and to control the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) and with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) to the third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured: to determine a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to determine a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured: to determine a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.
Various features will be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed, non-limiting embodiments. The drawings appended to the detailed description can be briefly described as follows:
With the assistance of data available in the system or with the assistance of additional sensor values, a setpoint current of a combustion sensor can be corrected. The combustion sensor may be a combustion efficiency sensor and/or an ionization electrode. As a result of the correction of the setpoint current, the combustion device keeps the value of the air-fuel ratio λ within a narrow tolerance range. The additional sensor values may likewise originate from a flow sensor which is arranged in the air supply duct and/or in the fuel supply duct of a combustion device. The additional sensor values may furthermore originate from a further combustion sensor, in particular from a further ionization electrode. The additional sensor values may likewise be derived from the valve position in comparison with burner power.
Keeping the air-fuel ratio λ within a narrow tolerance range is particularly relevant to combustion devices in which hydrogen is combusted. Hydrogen is usually combusted as part of a fuel mixture and/or gas mixture. The present disclosure in particular shows how the air-fuel ratio λ can be kept within a narrow tolerance range when hydrogen is a substantial proportion of the fuel mixture. Hydrogen constitutes a substantial proportion of the fuel mixture when the proportion of hydrogen under standard conditions amounts to more than five percent by volume of the fuel mixture. Hydrogen may constitute a substantial proportion of the fuel mixture when the proportion of hydrogen under standard conditions amounts to more than ten percent by volume of the fuel mixture. Hydrogen may moreover constitute a substantial proportion of the fuel mixture when the proportion of hydrogen under standard conditions amounts to more than twenty percent by volume of the fuel mixture. Standard conditions are when the temperature is 273.15 kelvin and the pressure 101325 pascal.
Some embodiments of the teachings of the present disclosure include evaluating two sensor signals. An index based on the two sensor signals is advantageously determined for this purpose. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by calculating the quotient thereof.
Some embodiments include evaluating a difference between two sensor signals. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by calculating the difference thereof. In addition to the amount of the difference, the sign of the difference allows conclusions to be drawn about the fuel and/or fuel mixture in the combustion device.
Some embodiments include adjustment of an actuator such as for example a blower or a fuel valve. Adjustment of the actuator proceeds rapidly and serves to vary the composition of the fuel mixture. At the same time, an ionization current is recorded by a second sensor, for example a second ionization electrode. The ionization currents recorded while varying the composition of the fuel mixture in many cases enable unambiguous assignment of the fuel and/or fuel mixture.
In some embodiments, the thermal energy of the hot fuel gases can be used to heat an article, for example in an industrial process. In some embodiments, the heat generator is part of a system using a combined heat and power cycle, for example an engine of such a system. In some embodiments, the heat generator is a gas turbine. The heat generator may further serve to heat water in a system for recovering lithium and/or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gases 3 are discharged from the combustion chamber 2 for example via a flue.
The air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a (motor-) driven blower 4. Via the signal line 12, a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 specifies to the blower 4 the air supply VL which it needs to deliver. Blower speed thus becomes a measure of air supply 5.
In some embodiments, the blower speed is reported back from the blower 4 to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. For example, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 establishes the rotational speed of the blower 4 via the signal line 13.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 comprises a microcontroller. In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 comprises a microprocessor. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 may be a control facility. In some embodiments, the control facility comprises a microcontroller. In some embodiments, the control facility comprises a microprocessor. The control facility may comprise a proportional-integral controller. The control facility may further comprise a proportional-integral-derivative controller.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 may further comprise a field-programmable (logic) gate arrangement. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 may moreover comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.
In some embodiments, the signal line 12 comprises an optical waveguide. The signal line 13 for establishing blower speed may likewise comprise an optical waveguide. In some embodiments, signal lines 12 and 13 take the form of optical waveguides. Optical waveguides provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
If air supply is set via an air damper and/or a valve, the damper and/or valve position may be used as a measure of air supply. A measured value derived from the signal from a mass flow sensor and/or volumetric flow sensor may further be used. The sensor may be arranged in the duct for the air supply 5. The sensor provides a signal which is converted with the assistance of a suitable signal processing unit into a measured flow value. In some embodiments, the signal processing facility comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. In some embodiments, the signal processing facility, in particular the analog-to-digital converter (s), is/are integrated into the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter(s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10.
The measured value from a pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in a side duct may also be used as a measure of air supply VL. A combustion device with supply duct and side duct is disclosed for example in European Patent EP3301364B1. European Patent EP3301364B1 was filed on 7 Jun. 2017 and granted on 7 Aug. 2019. A combustion device with supply duct and side duct is claimed, wherein a mass flow sensor projects into the supply duct.
A pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in the side duct establishes a signal which corresponds to the pressure value dependent on the air supply VL and/or to the air flow (particle and/or mass flow rate) in the side duct. The sensor provides a signal which is converted with the assistance of a suitable signal processing means into a measured value. In some embodiments, the signals from a plurality of sensors are converted into a common measured value. In some embodiments, a suitable signal processing means comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. In some embodiments, the signal processing means, in particular the analog-to-digital converter (s), is/are integrated into the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10.
In some embodiments, the air supply VL is the value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate can be measured and/or stated in cubic meters of air per hour. Air supply VL can be measured and/or stated in cubic meters of air per hour.
Mass flow sensors permit measurement at elevated flow velocities, specifically in connection with operating combustion devices. Typical values of such flow velocities lie in the ranges between 0.1 meters per second and 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. Mass flow sensors which are suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, OMRON® D6F-W or SENSOR TECHNICS® WBA-type sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically starts at speeds of between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and finishes at a speed such as for example 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. In other words, lower limits such as 0.1 meters per second can be combined with upper limits such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second.
The fuel supply VS is set and/or adjusted by the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 with the assistance of a fuel actuator and/or a (motor-) settable valve. In the embodiment in
If a gas damper is used as the fuel actuator 6, the position of a damper may be used as a measure of the volume of fuel gas. In some embodiments, a fuel actuator 6 and/or fuel valve are set with the assistance of a stepping motor. In this case, the step position of the stepping motor is a measure of the volume of fuel gas. The fuel valve can also be integrated in a unit with at least one or more safety shutoff valves. A signal line 14 connects the fuel actuator 6 to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In one specific embodiment, the signal line 14 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
In some embodiments, the fuel valve 6 may be a valve which is internally controlled via a flow and/or pressure sensor 10 and receives a setpoint value via the signal line 14. The actual value of the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 is then controlled to the setpoint value. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 may be implemented as a volumetric flow sensor, for example as a turbine meter or bellows meter or differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can also be embodied as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and/or feedback line 16 connects the internally controlled valve to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the signal line and/or feedback line 16 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
In some embodiments, the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 is arranged separately from the fuel valve 6 in the fuel supply duct 8. The flow sensor 10 may be implemented as a volumetric flow sensor, for example as a turbine meter or bellows meter or differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can also be embodied as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and/or feedback line 16 connects the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the signal line and/or feedback line 16 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides may provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
Each flow and/or pressure sensor 10 generates a signal which is converted with the assistance of a suitable signal processing means into a measured flow value (measured value of the particle and/or mass flow and/or volumetric flow rate). A suitable signal processing means ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. In some embodiments, the signal processing means, in particular the analog-to-digital converter (s), is/are integrated into the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10.
In combustion devices 1 which combust hydrogen or hydrogen as part of a gas mixture, cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2 is important. Cooling of the supply is of particular interest in premixing combustion devices 1. Adequate cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2 reduces the risk of flareback.
In particular in premixing combustion devices 1, a coating may serve for cooling the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2. This coating is applied on or in the vicinity of the mouth of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2. This coating emits in the infrared light range, i.e., at wavelengths of above 800 nanometers. In addition to emitting in the infrared wavelength range, the coating is intended to be stable in the long term and to withstand typical temperatures. The coating may accordingly comprise a film of boron phosphide. The coating may furthermore comprise a film of diamond-like carbon. The coating may in particular comprise a film of amorphous carbon.
The supply 5, 8 may further comprise a pipe made from a material with good thermal conductivity. The supply 5, 8 may for example comprise a pipe of copper or a copper alloy. In a premixing combustion device 1, the supply 5, 8 may in particular comprise a pipe of copper or a copper alloy at its mouth leading into the combustion chamber 2. Thanks to the good thermal conductivity, heat is dissipated from the mouth of the supply 5, 8. Dissipation of heat ensures better cooling for the mouth of the supply 5, 8 leading into the combustion chamber. The risk of flareback is therefore reduced.
A signal line 15 connects the first combustion sensor 9 to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the signal line 15 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
A signal line and/or feedback line 17 connects the second sensor 11 to the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18. In some embodiments, the signal line and/or feedback line 17 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical waveguides may provide advantages with regard to electrical isolation and explosion protection.
In some embodiments, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 are arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. Provision is made for the first combustion sensor 9 to be different from the second sensor 11. For example, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 100 millimeters apart from one another. In some embodiments, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 200 millimeters apart from one another. The first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 may further be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 500 millimeters apart from one another. The greatest possible spacing between the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 may create advantages with regard to decoupling of the signals from the two combustion sensors 9 and 11.
In some embodiments, the combustion sensors 9, 11 may be regularly checked for changes with the assistance of a test. For example, ionization electrodes should be checked for aging. Checking may be carried out as is for example disclosed in patents EP2466204B1 and EP3045816. European Patent EP2466204B1, Regulating device for a burner assembly, was granted on 13 Nov. 2013. A corresponding application EP2466204A1 was published on 20 Jun. 2012. European Patent EP3045816B1, Device for the control of a burner assembly, was granted on 12 Dec. 2018. A corresponding application EP3045816A1 was published on 20 Jul. 2016.
The check is applied to a control combustion sensor 9, 11. The control combustion sensor 9, 11 may for example comprise a first ionization electrode. In order to identify changes on the second sensor 11, 9, the system is briefly controlled to the newly calculated setpoint value following the test. The second sensor 11, 9 may for example comprise a second ionization electrode. As soon as the controller has settled into a steady state, the actual value at the second combustion sensor 11, 9 is adopted as the new check value.
In some embodiments, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected via a first impedance to a voltage source and the second sensor 11 via a second impedance to the same voltage source. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected to a first voltage source and the second sensor 11 is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. The first voltage source is ideally different from the second voltage source.
In some embodiments, the first combustion sensor 9 comprises a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 a second ionization electrode. Provision is made for the first ionization electrode to be different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 100 millimeters apart from one another. In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 200 millimeters apart from one another. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may further be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 500 millimeters apart from one another. The greatest possible spacing between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode creates advantages with regard to decoupling of the signals from the two ionization electrodes.
In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode is connected via a first impedance to a voltage source and the second ionization electrode via a second impedance to the same voltage source. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. The first voltage source is ideally different from the second voltage source.
In some embodiments, the first combustion sensor 9 is a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 a second ionization electrode. In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode may be different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 100 millimeters apart from one another. In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 200 millimeters apart from one another. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode may further be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 500 millimeters apart from one another. The greatest possible spacing between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode creates advantages with regard to decoupling of the signals from the two ionization electrodes.
In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode may be connected via a first impedance to a voltage source and the second ionization electrode via a second impedance to the same voltage source. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In some embodiments, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. In some embodiments, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.
There are a further two curves of setpoint ionization current values 20 plotted against air supply or blower speed or power 19 for a first and a second gas for any second combustion sensor 11 which may be present. The two curves 21 and 22 define a bundle of curves. A fuel mixture can be assessed on the basis of the signal from a flow and/or pressure sensor 10 and/or on the basis of feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and/or by signals from sensors 9, 11. The fuel mixture may be a gas mixture. According to one embodiment, a fuel mixture, such as for example a gas mixture, can be identified on the basis of the signal from a flow and/or pressure sensor 10.
A fuel mixture, such as for example a gas mixture, can further be identified on the basis of feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and/or on the basis of the signals from sensors 9, 11, 10. The fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, comprises a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gas. The fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, may consist of a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gases.
The proportion of the second gas 22 may be somewhat higher. For example, the proportion of the second gas 22 may be less than five mass percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. The proportion of the second gas 22 may likewise be less than ten mass percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. The proportion of the second gas 22 may further be less than twenty mass percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 may also be more than 90 mass percent higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. The proportion of the second gas 22 may moreover be less than five percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. The proportion of the second gas 22 may likewise be less than ten percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. The proportion of the second gas 22 may further be less than twenty percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 may also be more than 90 percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21.
The two associated curves 21 and 22 of the gases are weighted with this assessment and the third curve 23 in
The two lines 30a and 30b intersect with curves 26 to 29. This indicates the setpoint value of the ionization current for a first and a second gas at sensors 9, 11. Two lines 30a and 30b indicate the setpoint value of the ionization current at the combustion sensors 9 and 11. Two lines 30a and 30b indicate the setpoint value of the ionization current at the ionization electrodes 9 and 11. At the intersections with lines 26 and 28, line 30b indicates the setpoint value of the ionization current for a first gas at sensors 9 and 11. The intersection of line 30b with line 26 is a point on curve 21 in
At the same time, the vertical lines 30a and 30b illustrate the spacing between the ionization currents at sensors 9, 11 relative to the air-fuel ratio λsetpoint to which control is to be effected. The sensors 9, 11, in particular the ionization electrodes 9, 11, give rise to different ionization currents due to their different positions in the combustion chamber 2.
It is initially assumed that control is effected to that sensor 9, 11 which corresponds to curves 26 and 27. That sensor 9, 11 is located at a position one. Therefore, that sensor 11, 9 which corresponds to curves 28 and 29 serves to check whether the correct fuel 7 has been assessed. In particular, that sensor 11, 9 which corresponds to curves 28 and 29 may serve to check whether the correct fuel 7 has been identified. The sensor 11, 9 for checking purposes is located at a position two in the combustion chamber 2. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 differs from position one in the combustion chamber 2.
In some embodiments, it is assumed that control is effected to that ionization electrode 9, 11 which corresponds to curves 26 and 27. That ionization electrode 9, 11 is located at a position one in the combustion chamber 2. Therefore, that ionization electrode 11, 9 which corresponds to curves 28 and 29 serves to check whether the correct fuel 7 has been assessed. In particular, that ionization electrode 11, 9 which corresponds to curves 28 and 29 may serve to check whether the correct fuel 7 has been identified. The ionization electrode 11, 9 for checking purposes is located at a position two in the combustion chamber 2. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 differs from position one in the combustion chamber 2.
On the assumption that the first fuel 7 is present, control is effected to curve 21 from
If the second fuel 7 is actually to be supplied to the combustion device 1, control is initially still effected to the same setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current. In the meantime, the air-fuel ratio λ shifts along curve 27 toward higher values of the air-fuel ratio λ. This continues until the actual value IACTUAL of the ionization current is equal to the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current. Only at an air-fuel ratio λ as indicated by vertical line 31 does the same ionization current according to curve 27 arise at the first combustion sensor 9, 11. At the same time, the difference of the ionization currents between sensors 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. In some embodiments, the difference of the ionization currents between ionization electrodes 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. In the present case, the difference even changes its sign. A difference corresponding to the intersections of vertical line 31 with curves 29 and 27 is now obtained. In contrast, a difference corresponding to the intersections of curve 30b with curves 28 and 26 would have been expected for fuel one.
The change in difference of ionization currents between sensors 9, 11 brings about a change in the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current toward the second gas at λsetpoint. The change my be effected by the controller. In particular, the changed difference of the ionization currents may cause the controller to change the setpoint control value at λsetpoint to the value for curve 27 of the second gas. Once the changed setpoint control value is adjusted, the ionization current corresponding to curve 29 at λsetpoint will arise at sensor 11, 9 at position two. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 preferably changes the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current.
In some embodiments, the changed difference in ionization currents between ionization electrodes 9, 11 causes the controller to change the setpoint control value at λsetpoint toward the second gas. In particular, the changed difference of the ionization currents may cause the controller to change the setpoint control value at λsetpoint to the value for curve 27 of the second gas. Once the changed setpoint control value is adjusted, the ionization current corresponding to position two for fuel two at λsetpoint will arise at ionization electrode 11, 9 at position two. In this case, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 may increase the setpoint control value.
The opposite case—setpoint control value at fuel two but fuel one present—is likewise identified. In this case, in the case of control being effected to the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current, at the setpoint value λsetpoint of the air-fuel ratio of fuel two the air-fuel ratio λ will change. The change takes place toward λ=1. Isetpoint for λsetpoint of fuel two corresponds to the intersection of curve 27 with line 30a. The change continues up to an air-fuel ratio λ indicated by vertical line 32. This shift in air-fuel ratio λ is simultaneously accompanied by a change in the amount of the difference between the two ionization currents. In the exemplary case, the shift in air-fuel ratio λ toward λ=1 is accompanied by an increase in the amount of the difference between the two ionization currents. The amount corresponds to the spacing of the intersections of curve 32 with curves 26 and 28. This amount is distinctly different from the expected amount for fuel two corresponding to the spacing of the intersections of curve 30a with curves 27 and 29. This now causes the controller to reduce the setpoint value Isetpoint of the first ionization current toward the first fuel at the setpoint value λsetpoint of the air-fuel ratio. The setpoint value λsetpoint of the air-fuel ratio for fuel one is therefore returned to.
The two fuels may obviously in each case have a different profile of the differences across the air-fuel ratio λ. In some embodiments, the controller is parameterizable in order to be capable of controlling ionization current profiles relating to both combustion sensors 9, 11 and both fuels. Parameterization can specify when the response provided is to increase and when it is to decrease the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current. In particular, parameterization can specify when the response provided is to increase and when it is to decrease the setpoint value Isetpoint of the ionization current. Instead of the difference, other mathematical relationships between the signals from the combustion sensors 9, 11 may be used as the basis for control.
It is possible for the behavior of the ionization currents relative to one another to change over the air supply or blower speed or power 19. For instance, in the case of a first air supply or blower speed or power and control to fuel one but in the presence of fuel two, there is an increase in the difference of the ionization currents from sensors 9, 11. In the case of a second air supply or blower speed or power, there is a fall in the difference of the ionization currents. While, if air is to be correctly adjusted to fuel, the setpoint control value must indeed in any event be adapted to the second fuel, the adaptation takes place at a first air supply or blower speed or power 19 due to an elevated difference. In the case of a second air supply or blower speed or power 19, adaptation takes place on the basis of a reduced difference of the ionization currents from sensors 9, 11.
In those cases, the setpoint ionization current value Isetpoint (of the first sensor 9, 11) can be rapidly varied. The setpoint ionization current value Isetpoint is varied more rapidly than the fastest and/or rapidest changes in the composition of the fuel. The controller therefore varies the setpoint value Isetpoint by an amount. This means that the controller varies the setpoint value Isetpoint by an amount until the matching actual value is reported back by the second sensor 11, 9. In particular, the controller varies the setpoint value Isetpoint by an amount until the second sensor 11, 9 reports back the matching actual value corresponding to one of the possible fuel mixtures.
Among the fuel mixtures which are covered by the variation in Isetpoint, a value of the second sensor 11, 9 is expected at Isetpoint of the first sensor 9, 11. The value of the second sensor 11, 9 is expected at λ=λsetpoint. This is the matching actual value.
If the second sensor 11, 9 and/or the second ionization electrode 11, 9 does not report back a matching actual value, the entire range of setpoint ionization current values Isetpoint can be passed through. The entire range of setpoint values Isetpoint is that range of Isetpoint which arises when combusting expected fuel mixtures in the combustion device 1 at the set air supply. Corresponding considerations apply to blower speed or power 19 instead of air supply. In particular, the entire range of setpoint values Isetpoint is that range which arises when combusting expected fuel mixtures with the setpoint value λsetpoint of the air-fuel ratio.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 varies the setpoint value Isetpoint. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 may pass through the entire range of setpoint values Isetpoint of the ionization current. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 passes through the entire range of setpoint values Isetpoint which can occur when combusting expected fuel mixtures. In particular, the entire range of setpoint values Isetpoint of the ionization current at the setpoint value λsetpoint of the air-fuel ratio at the set air supply or blower speed or power 19 is passed through.
In some embodiments, instead of variation taking place via the setpoint values Isetpoint of the ionization current and the controller, it can be carried out directly as variation of the fuel actuator 6. The fuel actuator position is rapidly varied for this purpose. The fuel actuator position is preferably rapidly varied by an amount. The controller accordingly establishes when the actual value of the ionization current at the first and the second combustion sensor 9, 11 indicate the same fuel mixture. After adjustment, both ionization currents match a fuel mixture from the range of expected mixtures in the combustion device 1.
It may happen that, on varying the fuel actuator 6, no matching ionization currents from the first to second combustion sensor 9, 11 are found. In particular, it may happen that, on varying the fuel actuator 6 by a small amount, no matching ionization currents from the first to second sensor 9, 11 are found. In this case, the amount of the variation is extended. The amount of the variation is extended at most to the minimum fuel actuator position for the highest calorific value fuel. The amount of the variation is likewise extended at most to the maximum fuel actuator position for the lowest calorific value fuel. The variation of the fuel actuator position is a function of the set air supply or blower speed or power 19. The variation of the fuel actuator position is ideally a function of the currently set air supply or blower speed or power 19.
Parts of a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring facility 18 and/or of a method according to the present disclosure may be implemented as hardware and/or as a software module. The software module is here executed by a computing unit optionally with inclusion of container virtualization. A further option is execution with the assistance of a cloud computer and/or with the assistance of a combination of the above-stated options. The software may comprise firmware and/or a hardware driver which is executed within an operating system and/or a container virtualization and/or an application program. The present disclosure thus also relates to a computer program product which contains the features of this disclosure or carries out the necessary steps. In the case of implementation as software, the described functions can be stored as one or more commands on a computer-readable medium. Some examples of computer-readable media include random-access memory (RAM) and/or magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM) and/or memory flash and/or electrically programmable ROM (EPROM). Some further examples of computer-readable media include electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) and/or a computing unit register and/or a hard disk and/or an interchangeable memory unit. Computer-readable media furthermore include an optical memory and/or any suitable medium which can be accessed by a computer or by other IT equipment and applications.
Some embodiments include a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps of:
The above-stated method for controlling a combustion device (1) may be a method for operating a combustion device (1).
Some embodiments include a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps of:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). The first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) may be a first setpoint value for an ionization current from the first ionization electrode. The first signal recorded from the first combustion sensor (9) may be a first ionization current. The method therefore comprises recording a first ionization current from the first ionization electrode.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). The second signal recorded from the second sensor (10, 11) may be a second ionization current. The method therefore comprises recording a second ionization current from the second ionization electrode.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply duct (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of the first or second fuel (7) through the fuel supply duct (8). In some embodiments, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can project into the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can also be arranged in the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can further be fastened to the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can furthermore be secured mechanically to the fuel supply duct (8) for example by a spot weld and/or paint and/or adhesive. The method therefore comprises recording a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply duct (8) from the flow sensor.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply duct (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is configured to detect a valve and/or damper position. The valve and/or damper position is a measure of the flow of fuel (7) through the fuel supply duct (8). The method therefore comprises recording a flow signal in the form of a valve and/or damper position through the fuel supply duct (8) from the second sensor (10, 11).
In some embodiments, the first fuel (7) is a first fuel type and the second fuel is a second fuel type (7). The first fuel (7) may further be a first fuel type and the second fuel (7) a second fuel type.
In some embodiments, the method comprises specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a second fuel (7) as an exclusive function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal. An exclusive function only takes account of the stated arguments of the function.
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) from a current air supply or blower speed or power and with the assistance of a saved curve for the first fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) with the assistance of a current air supply or blower speed or power and with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) with the assistance of a current air supply or blower speed or power for a first fuel (7) and with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved curve for the first fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
For the above-stated method step of determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, to consider a table or corresponding means, such as for example a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, for determining the first setpoint value.
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of one or more saved tables.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a program sequence saved in a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of one or more saved tables.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index may also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. In some embodiments, the first index to be a difference of the first signal and the second signal. In some embodiments, the first index to be a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of a or the current air supply or blower speed or power with the assistance of a saved curve for the second fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of a or the current air supply or blower speed or power with the assistance of a curve for the second fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of a or the current air supply or blower speed or power for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the second fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved curve for the second fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the second fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the second fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
For the above-stated method step of determining a second setpoint value of a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, to consider a table or equivalently acting means. Equivalently acting means for determining the second setpoint value are such as for example a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), and the method comprises controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) and with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises at least one actuator (4, 6) per duct. In some embodiments, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a blower (4), in particular a motor-driven blower. Control can in particular be carried out with the assistance of a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-driven blower (4). Control can furthermore be carried out with the assistance of a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-driven blower (4). In another embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air damper, in particular a motor-adjustable air damper. Control may in particular be carried out with the assistance of a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Control can furthermore be carried out with the assistance of a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Without any claim to exhaustiveness, control may further be provided with the assistance of signals of between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control by way of a stepping motor is likewise possible.
In some embodiments, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can further act on the fuel supply duct (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. Control may in particular be carried out with the assistance of a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Control can furthermore be carried out with the assistance of a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. The at least one actuator (4; 6) can furthermore act on the fuel supply duct (8) and comprise a fuel damper, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel damper. Control may in particular be carried out with the assistance of a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel damper. Control can furthermore be carried out with the assistance of a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel damper. Without any claim to exhaustiveness, control may further be provided with the assistance of signals of between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control by way of a stepping motor is likewise possible.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), and the method comprises controlling the combustion device (1) with the assistance of the at least one actuator (4; 6) and with the assistance of the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), and the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from the air supply duct and the fuel supply duct (8), and the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an adjustable actuator (4; 6).
At one point in time, the third fuel (7) is the same as the second fuel (7). At another point in time, the third fuel (7) is different from the second fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of one or more saved tables.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) may further comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more saved tables. In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) may further comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the second index is a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. The second index may also be a function of a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. In some embodiments, the second index to be a difference of the third signal and the fourth signal. In some embodiments, the second index to be a function of a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of one or more saved tables.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
The method for operating a combustion device (1) may further comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more saved tables.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second index.
In some embodiments, the method comprises determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second, negative or second, positive sign of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a third fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, and the method comprises determining a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a third fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18). For the above-stated method step of determining a third setpoint value of a signal from the combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, also to consider a table or corresponding means, such as for example a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, for determining the third setpoint value.
In some embodiments, there is a computer program comprising commands which cause a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out one or more of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, one of the above-stated computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program in the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, there is a computer program comprising commands which cause a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1) to carry out the method steps of one of the methods described herein, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator (4; 6) of the combustion device (1).
In some embodiments, there is a computer program comprising commands which cause a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1) to carry out the method steps of one of the methods described herein, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator of the combustion device (1), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one duct selected from an air supply duct or a fuel supply duct (8) of the combustion device (1).
In some embodiments, there is a computer-readable medium on which one or more of the computer programs described herein is stored. In some embodiments, one of the above-stated computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program. In other words, a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program is stored on a medium readable by a microprocessor and/or a microcontroller.
In some embodiments, there is a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one duct selected from an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one duct, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11), which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, there is a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one duct selected from an air supply duct and a fuel supply duct (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one duct, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11), which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). The first setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) may be a first setpoint value for an ionization current from the first ionization electrode. The first signal recorded from the first combustion sensor (9) may be a first ionization current. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore configured to record a first ionization current from the first ionization electrode.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). The second signal recorded from the second sensor (10, 11) is preferably a second ionization current. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore configured to record a second ionization current from the second ionization electrode.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply duct (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of a fuel (7) through the fuel supply duct (8). In particular, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can project into the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can also be arranged in the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can further be fastened to the fuel supply duct (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can furthermore be secured mechanically to the fuel supply duct (8) for example by a spot weld and/or paint and/or adhesive. The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore configured to record a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply duct (8) from the flow sensor.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply duct (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is configured to detect a valve and/or damper position. The valve and/or damper position is a measure of the flow of fuel (7) through the fuel supply duct (8). The closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore configured to record a flow signal in the form of a valve and/or damper position through the fuel supply duct (8) with the assistance of the second sensor (10, 11).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to receive or determine a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved curve for the first fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for a first fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
For the above-stated configurations of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, to consider a table or corresponding means, such as for example a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, for determining the first setpoint value.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
The combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
The combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship, a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory, a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a saved program sequence, a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory, a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
The combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to assign, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the first difference to a second fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) may be configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the present disclosure furthermore teaches one of the above-stated combustion devices (1), wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved program sequence.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) may be configured to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index may also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. Provision may furthermore be made for the first index to be a difference of the first signal and the second signal. Provision may further be made for the first index to be a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
The present disclosure further teaches one of the above-stated combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory, wherein the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a second fuel (7) with the assistance of a curve for the second fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
For the above-stated configurations of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, also to consider a table or further means. The further means for determining the second setpoint value in particular comprise a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.
In some embodiments, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a blower (4), in particular a motor-driven blower. Control can in particular be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-driven blower (4). Control can furthermore be carried out using a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-driven blower (4). In some embodiments, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air damper, in particular a motor-adjustable air damper. Control may in particular be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Control can furthermore be carried out using a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable air damper. Without any claim to exhaustiveness, control may further be provided with the assistance of signals of between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control by way of a stepping motor is likewise possible.
The at least one actuator (4; 6) can further act on the fuel supply duct (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. Control may in particular be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Control can furthermore be carried out using a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. The at least one actuator (4; 6) can furthermore act on the fuel supply duct (8) and comprise a fuel damper, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel damper. Control may in particular be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel damper. Control can furthermore be carried out using a signal from an inverter, wherein the signal from the inverter is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel damper. Without any claim to exhaustiveness, control may further be provided with the assistance of signals of between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control by way of a stepping motor is likewise possible.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises an adjustable actuator (4; 6).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal and a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured to determine the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal and a curve for the first fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) and a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more saved tables, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine a third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship and as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal. The mathematical relationship is ideally saved in a nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved program sequence, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine a third setpoint value for the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for the air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) with the assistance of a saved program sequence and as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal. The saved program sequence is ideally saved in a nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more saved tables, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
The combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved program sequence, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the second index is a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. The second index may also be a function of a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. In some embodiments, the second index is a difference of the third signal and the fourth signal. In some embodiments, the second index is a function of a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more saved tables, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved program sequence, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more saved tables, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of one or more tables saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is preferably configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved mathematical relationship, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference. The combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a mathematical relationship saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is preferably configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved program sequence, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory, the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can in particular comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a program sequence saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
Specifying a setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for the third fuel (7) causes the air-fuel ratio λ to be defined with a saved curve. The saved curve is ideally a curve saved for the third fuel (7). The same applies mutatis mutandis to the first and the second fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured:
In some embodiments, the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a saved curve for the third fuel (7), a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a third fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) ideally comprises a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory, a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a third fuel (7).
In some embodiments, the combustion device (1) can comprise a closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a nonvolatile memory and the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) is configured, with inclusion of a third fuel (7) to determine, with the assistance of a curve for the third fuel (7) saved in the nonvolatile memory of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18), a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) on the basis of the setpoint value for an air-fuel ratio λ for a third fuel (7).
For the above-stated configurations of the closed- and/or open-loop control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a third setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), it is possible, in addition to a saved curve, also to consider a table or corresponding means, such as for example a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, for determining the third setpoint value.
For the purposes of the above-stated embodiments, the first fuel (7) has a composition. The second and the third fuel (7) likewise each have a composition.
The above relates to individual embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments can be modified in various ways without deviating from the underlying concept and without going beyond the scope of this disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims thereof. Very wide-ranging modifications can be made without going beyond the scope of protection of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23164184.6 | Mar 2023 | EP | regional |
