Patent Application
20190048794
The present invention relates to a control system for controlling an internal combustion engine of a hand-held power tool. The present invention further relates to a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine, to the use of a control system in a hand-held power tool, and to a method of controlling a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine.
Hand-held power tools such as chain saws, cutting tools and grass trimmers that have internal combustion engines are known. Each of these types of machines has a working tool, such as a chain, one or more a cutting blades, or one or more cutting strings, which is brought to an operating motion by the combustion engine. Since the working tool is often close-by the operator, there is a risk of contact and an accidental injury occurring. Therefore, such machines are often equipped with various security arrangements for the protection of the operator.
The hand-held power tool may be equipped with a centrifugal clutch that engages the working tool when the engine exceeds a certain rotational speed. In normal operation, the centrifugal clutch improves safety because the working tool does not rotate, or oscillate, when the engine speed is below a clutch-in speed of the centrifugal clutch.
The hand-held power tool is normally started with the throttle valve of a carburettor of the combustion engine positioned in a starting position in order to ensure an efficient start-up of the internal combustion engine. In the starting position, more air flows through the throttle valve than in an idle position of the throttle valve. In such a throttle position the rotational speed of the combustion engine may increase above the clutch-in speed when the engine starts. Thus, arrangements for avoiding reaching the clutch-in speed and unintentional rotation, or oscillation, of the working tool at start-up of the internal combustion engine, i.e. arrangements for implementing a so-called start safety function, are provided in hand-held power tools. In such arrangements the rotational speed of the combustion engine is prevented from reaching the clutch-in speed by the provision of a rotational speed limitation. The rotational speed limitation has to be deactivated in order to rev up the combustion engine above the clutch-in speed.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,699,039 discloses a method for controlling an ignition system of an internal combustion engine. A microcomputer operates a switch to control an ignition timing. The microcomputer is in communication with a speed sensor that detects the rotational speed of the engine and a speed limitation control that limits the engine speed to a limitation speed below the clutch-in speed of an included centrifugal clutch. The speed limitation control is active or activated when starting the engine. The speed limitation control is automatically deactivated when a low speed state of the engine is detected.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,553,517 discloses a microcomputer used for control of the ignition functions of an ignition system of an internal combustion engine a chainsaw. A switch in an operating handle or the like is connected via a transistor to a digital input of the microcomputer. The microcomputer reads the status of the switch once every revolution of the engine and as long as the switch is closed the ignition is delayed at a rotational speed above a predetermined, programmed value, e.g. 3000 rpm. Thus, the rotational speed of the engine is restricted. When the internal combustion engine is to be operated without restriction, the switch is opened and the ignition is normal. The restriction is used at start in order to avoid speeding of the internal combustion engine during the start procedure. A parallel switch is operated by a brake device of the engine, such as a kick-back brake device of the chain saw. During braking the parallel switch is closed and the rotational speed of the engine is thereby restricted to the same value as the rotational speed during the start procedure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a control system for an internal combustion engine of a hand-held power tool, in which two sensors related to a control of the internal combustion engine are distinguishable.
According to an aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a control system for controlling an internal combustion engine of a hand-held power tool, the hand-held power tool comprising a working tool, and a centrifugal clutch. The centrifugal clutch connects the internal combustion engine with the working tool. The internal combustion engine has a clutch-in speed above which the centrifugal clutch engages and the internal combustion engine drives the working tool. The control system comprises an electronic control logic, a first sensor, and a second sensor. A first conductive path comprises the first sensor and a second conductive path comprises the second sensor. The first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to an input of the electronic control logic. The first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system. The first conductive path has a first electrical property and the second conductive path has a second electrical property. The first electrical property and the second electrical property together are different from at least one of the first electrical property and the second electrical property, such that the electronic control logic is able to detect different states of at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor at the input of the electronic control logic.
Since the first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to an input of the electronic control logic, since the first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system, and since the first conductive path has a first electrical property and the second conductive path has a second electrical property, depending on a setting of at least one of the first and second sensors e.g. a different voltage potential is sensed at the input of the electronic control logic, or other electrical properties such as a current, a shape of an electrical pulse, etc. are sensed at the input of the electronic control logic. Accordingly, different states of at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor are detectable. As a result, the above mentioned object is achieved.
Moreover, in the control system according to the present invention two sensors may be connected to one input of the electronic control logic, and the electronic control logic may distinguish between the two sensors. In response to detected different states the control system may perform different measures.
The hand-held power tool may be e.g. a chain saw, a cutting tool, a hedge trimmer, a grass trimmer, etc. Accordingly, the working tool may be e.g. a saw chain, a saw blade, one or more cutting blades, a string, etc. As used herein the term hand-held power tool also encompasses power tools which may be supported by an operator in other ways than carrying the entire weight of the power tool with his or her hands, such as supporting the weight of the power tool on the shoulders or the back of the operator. The latter type of power tool is hand-held in the sense that it is guided by one or both hands of the operator.
The control system may be configured to control one or more aspects of the hand-held power tool. For instance, the control system may be configured to control one or more of a start-up of the internal combustion engine, a start safety function of the internal combustion engine, an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, and/or respond to operator input to the hand-held power tool.
The fixed voltage potential may for instance be a ground potential of the control system. Alternatively the fixed voltage potential may be a fixed positive voltage, or a fixed negative voltage. The first and second conductive paths extend between the input of the electronic control logic and the fixed voltage potential. An electrical property may for instance be a resistance, a capacitance, or an inductance, i.e. the first conductive path may differ from the second conductive path in that they have different resistances, different capacitances, or different inductances. The electrical properties of the respective first and second conductive paths are exhibited when a relevant path is conductive, i.e. not when the relevant path is open.
According to embodiments, the first conductive path and the second conductive path may be connected in parallel to the input of the electronic control logic.
According to embodiments, the first conductive path and the second conductive path may be connected in series to the input of the electronic control logic.
According to embodiments, the first sensor may be configured to alter a first conductive property of the first conductive path, and the second sensor may be configured to alter a second conductive property of the second conductive path. In this manner manipulation of at least one of the first and second sensors may influence the first electrical property and/or the second electrical property to provide the different states detectable at the input of the electronic control logic.
According to embodiments, the first sensor may be associated with a stop switch of the internal combustion engine, and the second sensor may be associated with a throttle valve of the internal combustion engine and may be configured to sense an engine starting position of the throttle valve. In this manner the different states detectable by the electronic control logic may represent a state in which the internal combustion engine is to be stopped, and state in which the internal combustion engine is to be started up.
According to embodiments, the control system may comprise a speed limitation controller, the speed limitation controller being configured to limit a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine at a limitation speed, which limitation speed is below the clutch-in speed. The speed limitation controller is active or activated during a starting procedure of the internal combustion engine. The speed limitation controller is able to be deactivated when a particular state of the first sensor and/or the second sensor is detected by the electronic control logic. In this manner the deactivation of the speed limitation controller may be avoided until the particular state is detected by the electronic control logic.
The feature that the speed limitation controller is able to be deactivated encompasses; deactivation of the speed limitation controller immediately upon sensing the particular state, or deactivation of the speed limitation controller only once further criteria are fulfilled, such as rotational speed criteria of the internal combustion engine as disclosed e.g. in the above discussed U.S. Pat. No. 7,699,039.
A starting procedure of the internal combustion engine is an operation performed to start the internal combustion engine in order to make the internal combustion engine run on fuel supplied to the internal combustion engine. For instance, a pull starter utilising a recoil spring, or an electric starter motor may be used during a least part of the starting procedure.
At the limitation speed the speed limitation controller initiates measures preventing the internal combustion engine from reaching the clutch-in speed. Such measures are known in the art and may comprise one or more of the following: switching off an ignition of the internal combustion engine, altering the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine, affecting a fuel injection system, if the internal combustion engine is provided with a fuel injection system. Thus, a start safety function of the hand-held power tool may be implemented. In some hand-held power tools, the internal combustion engine may be accelerated above the limitation speed under certain circumstances. Thus, the limitation speed has to be lower than the clutch-in speed to avoid unintentional engagement of the working tool.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine, a working tool, and a centrifugal clutch, the centrifugal clutch connecting the internal combustion engine with the working tool, wherein the internal combustion engine has a clutch-in speed above which the centrifugal clutch engages and the internal combustion engine drives the working tool. The hand-held power tool comprises a control system according to any one of aspects and/or embodiments discussed herein.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a use of a control system according to any one of aspects and/or embodiments discussed herein in a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine, a working tool, and a centrifugal clutch, the centrifugal clutch connecting the internal combustion engine with the working tool, wherein the internal combustion engine has a clutch-in speed above which the centrifugal clutch engages and the internal combustion engine drives the working tool.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of controlling a hand-held power tool comprising an internal combustion engine, a working tool, and a centrifugal clutch, the centrifugal clutch connecting the internal combustion engine with the working tool, wherein the internal combustion engine has a clutch-in speed above which the centrifugal clutch engages and the internal combustion engine drives the working tool. The hand-held power tool further comprises a control system comprising an electronic control logic, a first sensor, and a second sensor. A first conductive path comprises the first sensor and a second conductive path comprises the second sensor, wherein the first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to an input of the electronic control logic. The first conductive path and the second conductive path are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system. The first conductive path has a first electrical property and the second conductive path has a second electrical property, the first electrical property and the second electrical property together are different from at least one of the first electrical property and the second electrical property. The method comprises steps of:
Further features of, and advantages with, the present invention will become apparent when studying the appended claims and the following detailed description.
Various aspects of the invention, including its particular features and advantages, will be readily understood from the example embodiments discussed in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
Aspects of the present invention will now be described more fully. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Well-known functions or constructions will not necessarily be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.
The control system 10 further comprises a first sensor 26 and a second sensor 28. A first conductive path 36 comprises the first sensor 26 and a second conductive path 38 comprises the second sensor 28. The first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected to an input 40 of the electronic control logic 24. The first conductive path 36 has a first electrical property and the second conductive path 38 has a second electrical property. The first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system 10, such as e.g. ground.
The first electrical property and the second electrical property together are different from at least one of the first electrical property and the second electrical property, such that the electronic control logic 10 is able to detect different states of at least one of the first sensor 26 and the second sensor 36 at the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24.
The first and second conductive paths 36, 38 may form part of an electrical network. The electrical network comprises interconnected electrical components, such as e.g. resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches, diodes, etc.
According to some embodiments, the first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected in parallel to the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24, see further below with reference to
According to some embodiments, the first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected in series to the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24, see further below with reference to
The control system 10 is configured for controlling the internal combustion engine 4 of a hand-held power tool 2. Mentioned purely as an example, the control system 10 may e.g. control the ignition of the engine 4, implement a start safety function of the engine 4, stop the engine 4, etc. The control system 10 comprises an electronic control logic 24, a first sensor 26, and a second sensor 28.
In these embodiments, the first sensor 26 is associated with a stop switch 30 of the internal combustion engine 2. The stop switch 30 is arranged at the handle 22 of the hand-held power tool 2. The electronic control logic 24 may be configured such that when the stop switch 30 is closed the internal combustion engine 4 cannot be started, alternatively will stop. Thus, the stop switch 30 has to be open in order to run the internal combustion engine 4. Alternatively, the electronic control logic 24 may be configured to operate oppositely in response to the open and closed positions of the stop switch 30. The second sensor 28 is associated with the throttle valve 16 of the internal combustion engine 4 and is configured to sense an engine starting position of the throttle valve 16. The second sensor 28 comprises in these embodiments a mechanism 32 and a switch 34. The mechanism 32 is linked to the switch 34. When the throttle valve 16 is in the engine starting position, the switch 34 is in a first position and when the throttle valve 16 is not in the engine starting position, the switch 34 is in a second position.
When an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 sets the throttle valve 16 in the engine starting position the mechanism 32 ensures that the switch 34 is positioned in the first position. When an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 operates the throttle valve 16 via the throttle trigger 20, the mechanism 32 ensures that the switch 34 is positioned in the second position.
In alternative embodiments the second sensor 28 may comprise a switch arranged in connection with the throttle trigger 20.
The first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system 10. In these embodiments the fixed voltage potential is ground. Ground forms a reference voltage of the control system 10 and the electronic control logic 24. The housing of the hand-held power tool may provide the ground. As such ground may be provided at any conductive portion of the housing. Thus, the first and second conductive paths 36, 38 may be connected to the same grounding point, as illustrated in
The control system 10 comprises a speed limitation controller 44. The electronic control logic 24 may for instance comprise the speed limitation controller 44. The speed limitation controller 44 may be at least partly implemented by means of program code in the electronic control logic 24. The speed limitation controller 24 is configured to limit a rotational speed of the internal combustion engine at a limitation speed. The limitation speed is below the clutch-in speed. The speed limitation controller 24 is active or activated during a starting procedure of the internal combustion engine. The speed limitation controller 24 is able to be deactivated when a particular state of the first sensor 26 and/or the second sensor 28 is detected by the electronic control logic 24.
In these embodiments, the electronic control logic 24 is configured to identify a start safety active mode based on a state of the first sensor 26 and/or the second sensor 28, the speed limitation controller being active in the start safety active mode. Further, the electronic control logic 24 is configured to identify a start safety deactivation criterion, which is fulfilled by the particular state of the first sensor 26 and/or the second sensor 28, and in response to which the electronic control logic 24 enables the speed limitation controller to be deactivated.
In these embodiments, the state detectable by the electronic control logic 24 when the second sensor 28 connects the input 40, via the electrical component 42, to ground represents the start safety mode. When the second sensor 28 interrupts the connection between the input 40 and ground corresponds to the particular state, in which the electronic control logic 24 identifies the start safety deactivation criterion. A further state is detectable by the electronic control logic 24 when the first sensor 26 connects the input 40 to ground, which further state represents a mode in which the internal combustion engine is to be stopped, or prevented from being started. Since the first sensor 26, when it is closed, is arranged to override the state of the second sensor 28, the state of the first sensor 26 is prioritised over the state of the second sensor 28.
The first sensor 26 is configured to alter a first conductive property of the first conductive path 36. In these embodiments where the first sensor 26 comprises a stop switch 30, the first conductive property may be either a conductive connection or an interrupted connection. The second sensor 28 is configured to alter a second conductive property of the second conductive path 38. In these embodiments where the second sensor 28 comprises a switch 34, the second conductive property may be either a conductive connection including the electrical component 42 or an interrupted connection. In this manner manipulation of at least one of the first and second sensors 26, 28 influences the first electrical property of the first conductive path 36 and/or the second electrical property of the second conductive path 38 to provide the different states to the electronic control logic 24.
An output 46 of the electronic control logic 24 is connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system 10 via the first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38. In these embodiments the output 46 is connected to ground via the first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38. Thus, when a voltage/current is outputted on the output 46, the control logic 24, at the input 40 may detected different electrical signals representing different states of the first and second sensors 26, 28 depending on the settings of the first and second sensors 26, 28. More specifically, a measuring resistor 47 is connected to the output 46. Thus, at the input 40 the electronic control logic 24 may measure the voltage over the measuring resistor 47. The voltage over the measuring resistor 47 will differ depending which on the settings of the first and second sensors 26, 28. The electronic control logic 24 may utilise the measured voltage for detecting different states of at least one of the first and second sensors 26, 28, or the electronic control logic 24 may calculate the current based on Ohm's law and utilise the current for detecting different states of at least one of the first and second sensors 26, 28.
According to embodiments, the electronic control logic 24 may be configured to output a DC voltage on the output 46 of the electronic control logic 24, wherein the electrical component 42 may be a resistor. In this manner the electronic control logic 24, at the input 40 may detected different voltage potentials depending on the states of the first and second sensors 26, 28.
According to embodiments, the electronic control logic 24 may be configured to output a pulsed DC voltage or an AC voltage on the output 46 of the electronic control logic 24, and wherein the electrical component 42 is a resistor, or an inductor, or a capacitor. In this manner the electronic control logic 24, at the input 40 may detect different voltage potentials, or different voltage characteristics of the electrical signal at the input 40 depending on the type of the electrical component 42 and the settings of the first and second sensors 26, 28. If a square pulsed DC voltage is output on the output 46 and both the stop switch 30 and the switch 34 are open, a square pulsed DC voltage is sensed at the input 40. If a square pulsed DC voltage is output on the output 46 with the switch 34 closed, and the electrical component 42 is an inductor or a capacitor, a pulsed DC voltage having a rounded or sawtooth wave shape may be sensed at the input 40. A rounded or sawtooth wave shape may be identified by a rise time of the wave shape, which is considerably longer than that of a square pulsed wave shape. If the stop switch 30 is closed, the ground potential is sensed at the input 40.
In alternative embodiments, wherein an inductor or capacitor is arranged also in the first conductive path 36, the electronic control logic 24 may distinguish between the first and second sensors 26, 28 based on sensed rounded or sawtooth wave shapes with different rise times when different or both of the switches 30, 34 are closed.
According to alternative embodiments, a microcontroller of the electronic control logic 24 may comprise an internal resistor on the input 40 for the purpose of measuring a voltage at the input 40. Further alternative embodiments may comprise a combined input/output of a microcontroller of the electronic control logic 24, on which alternately a signal is outputted and a signal is received.
Again, the first sensor 26 is associated with a stop switch 30 of the internal combustion engine 2 and the second sensor 28 is associated with the throttle valve 16 of the internal combustion engine 4 and is configured to sense an engine starting position of the throttle valve 16. The second sensor 28 comprises in these embodiments a variable capacitance. The second sensor 28 comprises a first plate 50 and a second plate 52. The first plate 50 is fixedly arranged in relation to the throttle valve 16. The second plate 52 is movable by the throttle valve 16. When the throttle valve 16 is in the engine starting position, the first and second plates 50, 52 are arranged in a first position in relation to each other. When the throttle valve 16 is moved from the engine starting position, the second plates 52 is displaced in relation to the first plate 50. Thus, when an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 sets the throttle valve 16 in the engine starting position the second sensor 28 has a first capacitance. When an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 operates the throttle valve 16 via the throttle trigger 20, the capacitance of the second sensor 28 increases as the throttle valve 16 is opened.
When the electronic control logic 24 outputs a pulsed DC voltage or an AC voltage, and as long as the stop switch 30 of the first sensor 26 is open, the electronic control logic 24 may distinguish between the capacitance of the second sensor 28 with the first and second plates 50, 52 in their first position and the increased capacitance of the second sensor 28 corresponding to the second plate 52 together with the throttle valve 16 having been moved from the engine starting position.
In alternative embodiments, other types of sensors are envisaged to be used in the control system 10 as first and second sensors 26, 28 for altering of the electrical properties of the first and second conductive paths 36, 38. Besides a mechanical switch and a variable capacitance sensor already discussed mentioned purely as an example, such a sensor may be an electrical switch, a magnet with a hall effect sensor, a potentiometer, etc.
Again, when an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 sets the throttle valve 16 in the engine starting position the mechanism 32 ensures that the switch 34 is positioned in the first position. When an operator of the hand-held power tool 2 operates the throttle valve 16 via the throttle trigger 20, the mechanism 32 ensures that the switch 34 is positioned in the second position.
The first conductive path 36 and the second conductive path 38 are connected to a fixed voltage potential of the control system 10. In these embodiments the fixed voltage potential is ground. Ground forms a reference voltage of the control system 10 and the electronic control logic 24. When the stop switch 30 of the first sensor 26 is closed, the first conductive path 36 connects the input 40 to ground, either via only the electrical component 42 or via the switch 34 in parallel with the electrical component 42. When the switch 34 of the second sensor 28 is closed, the second conductive path 38 connects the input 40 to ground via the stop switch 30, if the latter is closed. Thus, if both the stop switch 30 and the switch 34 are closed, the voltage potential at the input 40 will correspond to that of ground. If the stop switch 30 is open the connection of the input 40 to ground is interrupted. In this manner two different states may be identified, depending on the setting of the first and second sensors 26, 28. Accordingly since the first electrical property and the second electrical property together are different from at least one of the first electrical property and the second electrical property, the electronic control logic 24 is able to detect different states of at least one of the first sensor 26 and the second sensor 28 at the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24. If the stop switch 30 is closed and the switch 34 is open, a further state is detectable at the input of the electronic control logic 24.
Suitably the method 100 is performed in a control system 10 of a hand-held power tool according to any aspect and or embodiments discussed herein. The method 100 may for instance be implemented by program code in the electronic control logic 24.
According to embodiments, the control system comprises a speed limitation controller as discussed above, the method 100 may comprise a step of:
The feature that the speed limitation controller is enabled to be deactivated encompasses; deactivation of the speed limitation controller immediately upon detecting the particular state, or deactivation of the speed limitation controller only once one or more further criteria are fulfilled.
According to embodiments, the speed limitation controller may be active in a start safety active mode, and the speed limitation controller may be able to be deactivated when a start safety deactivation criterion is fulfilled, the method 100 may comprise steps of:
It is to be understood that the foregoing is illustrative of various example embodiments and that the invention is defined only by the appended claims. A person skilled in the art will realize that the example embodiments may be modified, and that different features of the example embodiments may be combined to create embodiments other than those described herein, without departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims. According to some embodiments the first conductive path 36 may also comprises an electrical component, different than the electrical component 42 of the second conductive path 38. Thus, three different states may be provided at the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24 depending on the settings of the first and second sensors 26, 28. According to further embodiments, more than two sensors may be connected to the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24, each sensor being connected via parallel conductive paths to the input 40, and each conductive path having different electrical properties, such that the electronic control logic 24 is able to detect different states of the different sensors at the input 40 of the electronic control logic 24.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/051832 | 1/28/2016 | WO | 00 |
