The herein described invention relates generally to control valves and more particularly to directional control valves that can provide a stable and/or manipulable load sense boost signal.
Devices such as power shovels, loaders, bulldozers, hydraulic lifts, and the like rely on hydraulic cylinders and motors in order to perform their various functions. The hydraulic cylinders or motors typically are powered by a hydraulic pump, such as a variable displacement pump, which is connected through a directional control valve generally operated directly or indirectly by manually manipulated handles or the like which control flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders or motors.
Directional control valves heretofore have generally included a valve body having a pressure port which is connected to the pump, tank ports which are connected to a tank or reservoir for hydraulic fluid, and work ports connected to one or more hydraulic cylinders. Operation of the control valve selectively connects various ports with one another in order to control operation of the hydraulic cylinders so that fluid is delivered to the cylinders and exhausted from the cylinders.
A typical fluid control valve has a bore formed in the valve body and a valve spool that can be controllably shifted in the bore by suitable means, such as through fluid actuation, or use of a solenoid(s), mechanical linkage(s), etc. The spool has a plurality of circumferential grooves and the valve body has various ports in communication with the bore via passageways that are selectively connected by positioning the spool axially within the bore.
The directional control valves may be employed in load sensing systems wherein the pump that generates the flow of fluid to the fluid control valve (or valves) delivers that fluid at a variable flow rate and at a variable output pressure based upon the instantaneous requirements of the device controlled by hydraulic cylinder(s)/motor(s) connected to the directional control valve. That is, a load sense signal may be used, for example, to control a variable displacement pump so that displacement volume of the pump can be varied to accommodate varying load conditions. The load sense signal acts as a feedback signal to the pump which is representative of the pressure of the fluid being supplied to the consuming device. Directional control valves that provide such a feedback signal are generally referred to as load sensing valves.
In some load sensing systems, the load sense signal will be at zero or a nominal pressure when the control valve is in a null position. Actuation of the control valve out of its null position will cause pressurized fluid from the pump to be supplied to one of the working ports while allowing for return flow through the other working port. When this occurs, the load sense signal will rapidly increase so as to be indicative of fluid pressure being supplied to the working port and thus the load on the system. In some systems the load sense signal that tracks the pressure supplied to the hydraulic cylinder/motor may be higher than the actual pressure supplied, i.e. maintained at a system margin pressure.
For smoother operation, provision has been made for boosting the load sense signal upon the valve shifting to supply fluid pressure to one of the working ports.
A problem with the prior art attempts to provide a load sense boost signal has been the sensitivity of such approaches to manufacturing tolerances and/or valve actuation speeds. Slight tolerance variations have been found to have a significant impact on the load sense signal, and such variations are difficult to compensate for especially in the field.
The present invention provides a load sense stabilizer device that can be used to stabilize and/or manipulate the load sense signal. Such an arrangement differs significantly from the prior art attempts to provide a stable and functional load sense signal including, in particular, a load sense boost signal. Sensitivity to tolerance variations can be reduced if not eliminated, and adjustment in the field can be enabled by application of one or more the hereinafter described features.
More particularly, one aspect of the invention provides a control valve for use in a fluid system to control the delivery of pressurized fluid to a fluid operated device. The valve comprises a valve body having a fluid inlet that may be connected to a source of pressurized fluid and at least one work fluid outlet that may be connected to the fluid operated device for supplying pressurized fluid to the fluid operated device. A valve member is movable in the valve body in a first direction from a null position to a full flow or open position for supplying flow of pressurized fluid from a feed passage to a work fluid outlet along a first flow path. The valve member has an output flow metering portion for metering such flow of pressurized fluid from the feed passage to the work fluid outlet as a function of the position of the valve member in the valve body. The valve also comprises a load sense signal shaping device that provides for initial flow from the feed passage to the work fluid outlet through a shaping device flow passage during movement of the valve member from the null position to the full flow open position so as to shape an initial boost pressure signal.
In a particular embodiment, the load sense signal shaping device includes a check valve which preferably is located in the valve member. The check valve may be a poppet valve including an annular valve seat on the valve member and a movable poppet biased toward the valve seat by a spring member interposed between the poppet and an abutment on the valve body. The poppet may have a tapered body extending through the valve seat.
In an alternative embodiment, the load sense signal shaping device may be a metering orifice preferably removably assembled in a passage in the valve member. Provision may be made for adjusting the size of the metering orifice to provide a desired load sense boost signal.
In a particular embodiment, the valve member may be a valve spool movable in a valve bore in the valve body, with the feed passage opening to valve bore at a feed passage opening bounded at one side by a body metering edge. The valve spool may have a spool flow passage opening to an outer surface of the valve spool at a spool opening bounded by a spool metering edge that cooperates with the body metering edge to meter the flow from the feed passage to the spool flow passage when the spool opening overlaps the feed passage opening and also an opening in the valve body communicating with the work fluid outlet. The load sense signal shaping device may have a shaping passage in the spool extending between the spool flow passage and at least one inlet opening at the outer surface of the valve spool at a location forwardly offset from the spool metering edge such that the shaping device inlet will overlap the feed passage opening prior to the spool flow passage.
The spool metering edge may have one or more axially extending metering notches, and the at least one inlet opening of the shaping device passage opens to a respective one of the at least one notches.
The dwell time of the boost pressure may be a function of the axial offset between the inlet opening of the shaping device passage and the spool metering edge. The dwell time of the boost pressure may be a function of the biasing force.
The control valve may also have another load sense signal shaping device associated with the other working port.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for manufacturing a control valve as above described for use in a fluid system to control the delivery of pressurized fluid to a fluid operated device. The method comprises assembling the control valve and tailoring the boost pressure profile through selection of at least one characteristic of the load sense signal shaping device. The at least one characteristic may include one or more of a spring rate, preload force, and poppet area gain.
Further features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
In the annexed drawings:
Referring now in detail to the drawings,
The control valve 20 further comprises a compensator 27 for regulating flow upstream of the load sense pressure connection 26. The compensator may be of a conventional type commonly employed in similar directional control valve assemblies.
The control valve 20 may be stacked with other control valves for individually controlling respective fluid operated devices such as, for example, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. In the case of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, the working fluid outlets A and B can be connected to the extend and retract sides of the hydraulic cylinder. When valve member 23 is moved to supply pressure fluid via one of the working fluid outlets to one side of the hydraulic cylinder, return flow is directed by the control valve through the other of the fluid outlets to the return line, and vice versa.
The high pressure passages of the stacked control valves may be connected to a common high pressure line 28 for connection to the pump and the return passages may be connected to a common return line 29 for connection to the system tank/reservoir. Similarly, the load sense connections 26 of the control valves may also be connected to provide a combined load sense feedback signal to the pump supplying the pressurized fluid to the control valves. The pump may be a load-sensing variable displacement pressure/flow compensated type. The pump may include a controller which maintains the output through its discharge port at a predetermined fixed pressure value above the pressure in a source return line.
Such load sensing circuits are well known in the art, so a more detailed description is not needed.
The position of the direction control member 23 can be controlled by any suitable means, such as by pressure applied to pilot ports and/or by solenoids. In the control valve shown in
As illustrated in
Referring now to
As the direction control member continues shifting, the check valve will open to direct flow to the working fluid outlet B. Because the check valve 45 and variable orifice 46 will oppose pump flow, a pressure difference will occur between the load sense pressure signal at connection 26 and the pressure at the working fluid outlet B. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, modifications to the check valve and the features forming the variable orifice 46 will tailor the pressure difference characteristic, as will be described in greater detail below in respect of a particular implementation of the principles of the invention.
Although herein shown and described in relation to the second working position 36 associated with working fluid outlet B, the first working position 35 alternatively or additionally may be provided with a load sense signal shaping device 44 that provides for initial flow from a feed passage to the work fluid outlet through a metering orifice during movement of the valve member from the null position to the full flow or open position so as to shape an initial boost pressure signal at a load sense position upstream of the output flow metering portion of the valve member.
Referring now to
Pump flow is supplied to high pressure passage 24. Flow from the high pressure passage is metered by an inlet flow metering section 53 of the spool to a passage provided with the compensator 27. Flow from the compensator passes through a first feed passage 55 to an output flow metering section 56 of the spool that controls the flow to the working fluid outlet A. If the valve is shifted to the left in
As thus far described, the control valve 20 shown in
The present invention improves on such prior art attempts by providing the load sense signal shaping device 44. Although the load sense signal shaping device is shown associated with the valve spool section 59, a similar load sense signal shaping device may alternatively or additionally associated with the valve spool section 56.
The load sense signal shaping device 44 is shown in greater detail in
In the illustrated embodiment, the load sense signal shaping device 44 includes the check valve 45 which may be a poppet valve located in a bypass passage 63 in the direction control member 23. The check or poppet valve 45 includes an annular valve seat 65 on the valve spool and a movable poppet 66 biased toward the valve seat by a spring member 67 interposed between the poppet and an abutment 68 on the valve body or otherwise fixed against movement in relation to the valve body. As shown, the poppet may have a tapered body extending through the valve seat, although the poppet may be otherwise configured for a given application. The valve seat may be formed by a tubular insert 69 fixed in the valve spool as shown. The tubular insert may be threaded for threaded receipt in a corresponding threaded portion on interior passage in the valve spool. The insert may have a screwdriver slot or other means in the end face thereof looking to the right in
As seen at the left in
As seen in
Because the check valve 45 and variable orifice 46 will oppose pump flow, a pressure difference will occur between the load sense pressure signal at connection 26 and the pressure at the working fluid outlet B. Consequently, the load sense pressure will climb above the working fluid pressure at port B and boost the load sense signal. Initially this climb will be steep, and then followed by a period during which the load sense signal continues to increase, but a more gradual rate of ramp up that can be tailored by selecting attributes of the signal shaping device such as the spring preload, spring constant, axial offset between the bypass passage apertures and the spool metering notches, and/or poppet valve gain, as well as the metering notches. That is, the ramp-up period and the rate of ramp-up can be tailored to a desired profile.
After the spool have been further stroked to the left to the position shown in
When the spool has shifted to the point in
As will be appreciated, one or more of the attributes of the signal shaping device 44 can be adjusted in the field, such as the spring preload, the spring constant, and/or poppet valve gain by replacing the poppet with another of a different shape. Moreover, the signal shaping device 44 is less sensitive to manufacturing tolerances and valve actuation speed than prior art attempts at providing a load sense boost.
The graph of
This can be contrasted with
The pressure characteristic can be thought of as simulated work port load pressure. It is useful because the load sense and therefore inlet pressure can be elevated at the start of metering flow. Higher pressure can be maintained briefly, then gradually reduced relative to the work port load pressure and the point at which it stabilizes. Elevated inlet and load sense pressures can serve to smoothly open inline load holding type devices, manipulate the load sensing flow-compensated source which can create a system margin pressure to a more stable operating position, and overcome a high inertial load. Load sense pressure can respond to work port pressure although it may lag it. Load sense pressure can be higher by virtue of the spring-loaded poppet. As a result, at any moment in time there can be adequate pressure to move the actuator with a high inertial load. This can promote smooth and stable operation.
Referring now to
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment or embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described elements (components, assemblies, devices, compositions, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such elements are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any element which performs the specified function of the described element (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment or embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been described above with respect to only one or more of several illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments, as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/818,107 filed Jun. 30, 2006, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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