Patent Application
20060105896
1. Field of The Invention
This invention relates generally to centrifuges, to controls for centrifuges, and in certain particular aspects to programmed media useful in such centrifuge control systems.
2. Description of Related Art
In general, a screw decanter centrifuge has a cylindrical bowl rotating in one direction and a screw conveyor disposed concentrically in the bowl and rotating in the same direction as that of the bowl with a differential speed. The bowl creates a centrifugal force to dehydrate a fluid feed mixture. It is rotated at a constant but variable speed to separate the feed mixture into a component containing solids (hereinafter called dehydrated cake) and other components (liquid). As a result of the centrifugal force created by this rotation, the solids which are heavier than water are collected on the inner wall of the bowl. The screw conveyor is rotated at a relative velocity slightly differentiated from the velocity of the bowl. This differential speed creates a relative motion between the series of screw and the bowl inner wall, which causes the solids to be conveyed slowly in the direction of the cylinder axis along the bowl inner wall. The light component or liquid in the feed mixture is separated from the solids due to the centrifugal force, and moves toward the inside in the radial direction. The dehydrated cake which is a separated heavy material, and the liquid which is a separated light material, are usually discharged separately from opposite ends of the bowl.
The differential speed between the screw conveyor and the bowl can be varied during the operation of the centrifuge dependent on several parameters and quality of the feed mixture to be taken out by separation. In actual operation these conditions are well-known factors. Accordingly, maintenance of constant revolutions is generally required for the bowl. On the other hand, regarding the number of revolutions of the screw conveyor, there are two systems, the first of which keeps the number of revolutions of the screw conveyor always constant in response to that of the bowl, and the second of which varies the number of revolutions of the screw conveyor in response to the carrying torque of the screw conveyor.
Many different industries use decanter centrifuges in varied applications. They are used in the oil industry to process drilling mud to separate undesired drilling solids from the liquid mud. Some decanter centrifuges, because of their continuous operation, have the advantage of being less susceptible to plugging by solids. Also, they may be shut down for long or short periods of time and then restarted with minimum difficulty, unlike certain centrifuges which require cleaning to remove dried solids. Often the solids/liquid mixture is processed at extraordinarily high feed rates. To accommodate such feed rates, high torques are encountered, much energy is required to process the mixture, and the physical size of the centrifuge can become enormous.
Various drive systems for creating a differential speed between the bowl and the screw of a centrifuge are available. One is a backdrive system for horizontal centrifuges which uses electric motors and a differential gear.
When such a centrifuge is used to process drilling material (drilling fluid with drilled cuttings therein), changing mud flow conditions often require a human operator to frequently adjust centrifuge motor speeds to optimize centrifuge treating performance. Often, centrifuges operate a compromise between high performance and long intervals between maintenance and repair operations. Problems can occur if the centrifuge's differential gearbox overheats or is damaged from too-high gearbox speed differentials. Gearbox damage and overheating can occur when the backdrive motor is operated in forward or in reverse. High speed differential settings can be important for efficient solids removal from drilling mud which contains an excess of drilled solids and silt. Both gearbox damage and centrifuge plugging should be avoided.
Centrifuge manufacturers often specify gearbox differential speeds that must not be exceeded if safe, efficient, optimal centrifuge operating life is to be achieved; but operators frequently do not manually adjust centrifuge speed differentials optimally, resulting in reduced centrifuge solids removal and/or shortened gearbox life. Centrifuge breakdowns due to non-optimal adjustment and/or operation outside of specified differential speed parameters in remote areas of oil and gas prospecting, and offshore, can be costly and cause expensive delays.
There is a need for a system that makes it easier for a bush human operator to adjust and maintain centrifuge operations at a balance between high performance and optimized gearbox life. There is a need for a system that prohibits damage to a centrifuge due to incorrect manual settings.
The present invention, in certain embodiments, discloses, a centrifuge system for processing material and methods for using it, the centrifuge system in certain aspects including: a housing; a bowl rotatably mounted within the housing; a bowl motor for rotating the bowl; a bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus for providing power to the bowl motor, the bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus including a bowl motor on-board controller for controlling the bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus; a screw conveyor rotatably mounted within the housing; a screw motor for rotating the screw conveyor; a screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus for providing power to the screw motor, the screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus including a screw motor on-board controller for controlling the screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus; and pump apparatus for pumping material into the bowl.
In one aspect, in such a system the screw on-board controller apparatus checks a manually-set screw motor speed and, if the manually-set screw motor speed is unacceptable, automatically overrides the manually-set screw motor speed with an acceptable screw motor speed; and, optionally, such a system includes alarm apparatus in communication with the on-board controller apparatus for providing an alarm signalling that a manually-set screw motor speed has been overridden and/or alert apparatus for alerting personnel on-site operating the centrifuge system in the event of the screw on-board controller automatically overriding a manually-set screw motor speed.
In certain aspects the screw on-board controller maintains screw motor speed slower than bowl motor speed or it maintains screw motor speed between a pre-set minimum speed and a pre-set maximum speed.
In certain aspects the present invention discloses a centrifuge system with sensor for sensing a parameter indicative of operation of the centrifuge system for providing a signal corresponding to said parameter; control apparatus for receiving signals from the sensor apparatus, for controlling the centrifuge system based on said signals; the centrifuge system on a drilling rig, the control apparatus for monitoring and analyzing a plurality of signals from the sensor apparatus and for transmitting signals indicative of information related to operation of the centrifuge system to a processor on the drilling rig, the processor including a set of health check rules for health checks comprising logical rules, inputs and outputs for defining events associated with the status of the centrifuge system; the processor for determining a severity code for each event and for reporting the events and severity codes to a central server, the events reported by the processor to the central server in a protocol defining a data structure, the data structure comprising a hierarchical tree node structure wherein results from application of the health check rules are a bottommost node of the tree node structure; and displaying the event severity codes on a display.
In certain aspects, centrifuge systems according to the present invention process material that includes drilling fluid and drilled cuttings.
What follows are some of, but not all, the objects of this invention. In addition to the specific objects stated below for at least certain preferred embodiments of the invention, other objects and purposes will be readily apparent to one of skill in this art who has the benefit of this invention's teachings and disclosures. It is, therefore, an object of at least certain preferred embodiments of the present invention to provide:
New, useful, unique, efficient, nonobvious centrifuge systems; control systems for centrifuges; and programmed media useful with such control systems.
Certain embodiments of this invention are not limited to any particular individual feature disclosed here, but include combinations of them distinguished from the prior art in their structures and functions. Features of the invention have been broadly described so that the detailed descriptions that follow may be better understood, and in order that the contributions of this invention to the arts may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional aspects of the invention described below and which may be included in the subject matter of the claims to this invention. Those skilled in the art who have the benefit of this invention, its teachings, and suggestions will appreciate that the conceptions of this disclosure may be used as a creative basis for designing other structures, methods and systems for carrying out and practicing the present invention. The claims of this invention are to be read to include any legally equivalent devices or methods which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The present invention recognizes and addresses the previously-mentioned problems and long-felt needs and provides a solution to those problems and a satisfactory meeting of those needs in its various possible embodiments and equivalents thereof. To one skilled in this art who has the benefits of this invention's realizations, teachings, disclosures, and suggestions, other purposes and advantages will be appreciated from the following description of preferred embodiments, given for the purpose of disclosure, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detail in these descriptions is not intended to thwart this patent's object to claim this invention no matter how others may later disguise it by variations in form or additions of further improvements.
The Abstract that is part hereof is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and scientists, engineers, researchers, and practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent terms or legal terms of phraseology to determine quickly from a cursory inspection or review the nature and general area of the disclosure of this invention. The Abstract is neither intended to define the invention, which is done by the claims, nor is it intended to be limiting of the scope of the invention in any way.
It will be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention may include one, some, or all of the disclosed, described, and/or enumerated improvements and/or technical advantages and/or elements in claims to this invention.
A more particular description of embodiments of the invention briefly summarized above may be had by references to the embodiments which are shown in the drawings which form a part of this specification. These drawings illustrate certain preferred embodiments and are not to be used to improperly limit the scope of the invention which may have other equally effective or legally equivalent embodiments.
As shown in
The wall of the conveyor 18 has one or more openings 18a near the outlet end of the tube 16 so that the centrifugal forces generated by the rotating bowl 12 move the slurry radially outwardly and pass through the openings 18a and into the annular space between the conveyor and the bowl 12. The liquid portion of the slurry is displaced to the end 12b of the bowl 12 while entrained solid particles in the slurry settle towards the inner surface of the bowl due to the G forces generated, and are scraped and displaced by the screw conveyor 18 back towards the end 12a of the bowl for discharge through a plurality of discharge ports 12c formed through the wall of the bowl 12 near its end 12a.
Weirs 19a (two of which are shown) are provided through the flanged portion of the shaft 19 for discharging the separated liquid. The centrifuge as shown in
As shown in
For receiving and containing the feed slurry being processed, there is a tank 40 and a conduit 42 connected to an outlet opening formed in the lower portion of the tank to the feed tube 16. An internal passage through the shaft 21 receives the conduit 42 and enables the feed slurry to pass through the conduit and the feed tube 16 and into the conveyor 18.
The slurry is pumped from the tank 40 by a variable frequency drive pump 44 which is connected to the conduit 42 and is driven by a drive unit 46, e.g. an electric motor, which pumps the slurry through the conduit 42 and the feed tube 16, and into the centrifuge. A control valve 52 disposed in the conduit 50 controls flow in the conduit. Two variable frequency (“VFD”) drives 54 and 56 are respectively connected to the motors 24 and 34 for driving the motors at variable frequencies and at variable voltages. The VFD 54 is also electrically connected to the input of a magnetic starter 58, the output of which is connected to the drive unit 46. The VFD 54 supplies a control signal to the starter 58 for starting and stopping the drive unit 46, and therefore the pump 44. The drive unit 46 may also be a variable frequency drive.
A control system 60 is provided which contains computer programs stored on computer-readable media and containing instructions for controlling the operation of the centrifuge and the pump 44. To this end, the control system 60 has several input terminals two of which are respectively connected to the VFDs 54 and 56 for receiving data from the VFDs, and two output terminals for respectively sending control signals to the VFDs. The control system 60 thus responds to the input signals received and controls the VFDs 54 and 56 in a manner so that the drive units can continuously control the system and vary the frequency and the voltage applied to the respective AC motors 24 and 34, to continuously vary the rotation and the torque applied to the drive shaft 21 and to the sun wheel 35, respectively.
The control system 60 has another input terminal connected to the drive unit 46 with a motor 46a for receiving data from the drive unit 46. Another output terminal of the control system 60 is connected to the drive unit 46 for sending control signals to the drive unit 46. The control system 60 thus responds to the input signals received from at least one the VFDs 54 and 56 and can send corresponding signals to the drive unit 46 to for varying the operation of the pump 44. Another input terminal of the control system 60 is connected to the limit switch 38a which provides a signal in response to excessive torque being applied to the gear box 32.
Mounted on the outer surface of the bowl 12 is a vibration detector 62 which is connected to the control system 60, and responds to excessive vibrations of the centrifuge for generating an output signal that causes the control system to send signals to the VFDs 54 and 56 to turn off the motors 24 and 34, respectively and therefore shut down the centrifuge.
Near the bearings 22 and 33 are connected a pair of accelerometer sets 64a and 64b, each set including two accelerometers for respectively measuring certain operational characteristics of the drive shafts 21 and 20 and their associated bearings. The accelerometer sets 64a and 64b are connected to the control system 60 for passing their respective output signals to the control system 60 for processing. The accelerometer sets 64a and 64b can be of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,626,754, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Each accelerometer set includes two or more accelerometers having orthogonal axes that are placed on the frames of the bearings 22 and 33 for detecting vibrations caused by the rotating bowl 12 and screw conveyor 18, as well as the drive shaft 21 and the sun wheel 35. The signals provided by the accelerometers of each set 64a and 64b are passed to the control system 60 where a computer program contained therein analyzes the signals for the presence of specific predetermined frequency signatures corresponding to particular components and their status, which could include a potentially malfunctioning condition. The computer program is designed to provide instructions to produce an output in response to any of these frequency signatures being detected. The back current to the drive units 24 and 34, are proportional to the loading of the bowl 12 and the conveyor, respectively, the values of which is fed back to the control system 60.
The control system 60 has conventional devices including, but not limited to, programmable media, computer(s), processor(s), memory, mass storage device(s), video display(s), input device(s), audible signal(s), and/or programmable logic controller(s). Optionally, e.g. in field applications, a generator is provided which generates electrical power and passes it to a breaker box which distributes the power to the VFDs 54, 56, and 46. Optionally, the VFD 54 (and any VFD of the system 10 and any VFD disclosed herein) can have a manual potentiometer apparatus 54a for manually controlling a motor; a torque display apparatus 54b; an rpm/speed display apparatus 54c; and/or an HMI apparatus (human-machine interface, e.g. a touch screen system) 54d which provides a visual display of the system operation and a tactile means of control.
In one method according to the present invention, the storage tank 40 receives the slurry, (which, in one particular aspect, is a mixture of drilling fluid and drilled cuttings). The control system 60 sends an appropriate signal, via the VFD 54, to the starter 58 which functions to start the VFD 46 and activate the pump 44. The slurry is pumped through the conduit 42 and into the interior of the bowl 12 under the control of the control system 60. The motor 24 is activated and controlled by the VFD 54 to rotate the drive shaft 21, and therefore the bowl 12, at a predetermined speed. The motor 34 is also activated and driven by the VFD 56 to rotate the sun wheel 35, and therefore the screw conveyor 18, through the planetary gear box 32, in the same direction as the bowl 12 and at a different speed. As a result of the rotation of the bowl 12, the centrifugal force thus produced forces the slurry radially outwardly so that it passes through the openings 18a in the conveyor and into the annular space between the conveyor and the bowl 12. The drilling fluid portion of the slurry is displaced to the end 12b of the bowl 12 for discharge from the weirs 19a in the flanged shaft 19. The entrained solid particles (drilled cuttings) in the slurry settle towards the inner surface of the bowl 12 due to the G forces generated, and are scraped and displaced by the screw conveyor 18 back towards the end 12a of the bowl for discharge through the discharge ports 12c.
The control system 60 receives signals from the VFD 46 corresponding to the pumping rate of the pump 44, and signals from the VFDs 54 and 56 corresponding to torque and speed of the motors 24 and 34, respectively. The control system 60 contains instructions which enables it to process the above data and control the VFDs. The control system 60 controls the VFDs 54 and 56 to vary the frequency and voltage applied to the motors 24 and 34, as needed to control and/or continuously vary the rotational speed of, and the torque applied to, the drive shaft 21 and the sun wheel 35, to maintain predetermined optimum operating conditions. The control system 60 also monitors the torque applied to the sun wheel 35 from data received from the VFD 56 and maintains the torque at a desired level. In the event one of the inputs to the control system 60 changes, the system contains instructions to enable it to change one or more of its output signals to the VFDs 54 and 56 and/or the VFD 46, to change their operation accordingly. The accelerometer sets 64a and 64b respond to changes in rotational speed of the drive shaft 21 and the sun wheel 35, and therefore the bowl 12 and the conveyor 18, in terms of frequency, as well as changes in the drive current to the motors 24 and 34 in terms of amplitude which corresponds to load, and generate audible beats corresponding to frequency changes that occur as the loading on the bowl and the conveyor change. These audible beats are processed by the control system 60 and enable the predetermined optimum operating conditions to be attained. In the event the centrifuge becomes jammed for whatever reason the control system 60 will receive corresponding input signals from the VFDs 54 and/or 56 and will send a signal to the starter 58 to turn off the pump 44 and thus cease the flow of the feed slurry to the centrifuge.
As shown in
As shown in
The program, when operating in automatic override mode, produces from Block 107 a signal indicative of actual allowable bowl speed communicated to Block 108. Block 108 provides a signal to the VFD 56p which is indicative of the frequency of power the VFD is to provide to the motor 34 to drive the motor 34 at a selected speed so that a desired speed differential between the motor 34 and the motor 24 is achieved. Program Block 111 provides a signal to the Block 108 which is an allowable minimum speed differential and this prevents the communication of speed differential from the Block 107 which is to high or too low.
Block 102 indicates to Block 127 whether the motor 34 is running in forward or reverse. This is important because there are different limits on allowable speeds for different motor directions. When the motor 34 is running forward (e.g. for processing relatively clean fluid), the minimum speed differential reference (Block 18) is the bowl speed (Block 116) minus an entered minimum differential reference (Block 117), a value that prevents sudden centrifuge clogging. Block 118 communicates to Block 127 a percentage of actual allowable bowl speed minus a pre-set minimum percentage. Block 111 converts the value from Block 116 to an absolute (always positive) value.
When the motor 34 is running in reverse (e.g. for processing slurries with a relatively high solids level) the maximum speed differential is calculated to produce an allowable maximum speed differential which is fed to Block 127. The 100% reference speed (allowable speed) of Block 104 the minuend of Block 126 (the fastest speed at which the bowl can operate) and the subtrahend is from Block 103 (actual bowl speed). The resulting remainder signal produced by Block 126 indicates the allowable maximum speed differential and becomes the motor 34 speed reference for Block 127 whenever an excessive speed differential is detected by Block 109 while the motor 34 is running in reverse. Block 110 turns on a status lamp which indicates that the program is limiting the speed reference for the motor 34, reducing the speed differential, and overriding the operator's setting.
Blocks 105 and 106 indicate whether the operator's manual setting is acceptable. If not, i.e. if the maximum speed differential is exceeded by the operator's setting (Block 105) or if the minimum speed differential is exceeded by the operator's setting (Block 106), Block 109 is told to regard this and an appropriate signal is communicated to Blocks 107 and 110. In certain preferred embodiments the scroll or conveyor speed is maintained slower than the bowl speed and this is accomplished with a system as shown, e.g., in
Block 207 receives the indication from Block 212 that the minimum speed differential is enabled (and also the value for this differential) and, from Block 205, whether the actual (in real time) speed differential (from Block 203) is less than 10% of what was set in Block 204. If the indication from Block 205 is that the actual speed differential is less than 10% of what the operator set, and Block 212 indicates that the minimum speed differential is enabled, then Block 207 sends a signal to Block 211 that the system must override the manual setting and control the speed differential. The indication of Block 211 is used by Block 106,
As shown in
In many prior art systems, an agitator is simply an on/off apparatus which, when it fails, is removed and replaced without any monitoring of its operation until failure. Several things cause agitator failure, e.g. lack of lubrication; and several things inhibit efficient agitator operation, e.g. injury to or loss of an agitating blade.
With a system according to the present invention various sensed parameters and measurements provide an indication of agitator wear, injury, and/or failure. If a gear mechanism or motor requires an increase in current (which can be sensed by the sensors in these items and/or by a VFD), this can indicate a lack of proper lubrication. This problem can be sensed, alarmed and/or displayed, (e.g. on an on-site or remote display 88) and then remedied prior to agitator failure. Optionally, the VFD can stop the motor so that proper lubrication can be achieved. Optionally, the system can shut down other agitators in the same tank, etc. until the problem is dealt with.
If the system measures a decrease in current to an agitator, this can indicate a damaged or lost blade. The system can provide an alarm and/or display of the situation and/or shut the agitator down until the blade is repaired or replaced (and shut down other agitators until such repair or replacement).
Initially with an agitator or agitators in good working condition the system can measure average current to the agitator or agitators and, during future operation, if a deviation from these averages is sensed, the system can determine the agitator or agitator with the deviation and whether it is deviant due to an increase in current or a decrease in current—each of which can indicate particular problems. With separate VFD's for each of a plurality of agitators in a tank, different agitators can be run at different speeds. When moisture is sensed within an agitator housing, this can indicate a break in the housing or a failure of the shaft stuffing box or seal. As with the response to any sensed parameter, in response to failure or a condition that can lead to failure, the system can shut down the agitator and/or provide an alarm either on-site or remote. Prior to agitator failure, the system can provide a warning and/or indicate scheduled maintenance and/or preventive maintenance is needed before an agitator actually fails.
The display 88 can be used to monitor the agitator(s) in real time. Any suitable recording apparatus 89 (in certain aspects in a VFD or in a PLC) can record all sensed data and can provide access to the data. A heat sensor 87 interacts with the VFD and/or PLC as does the sensor 82. Optionally, all sensors are in communication with a control system like the control system 60 described above.
In certain embodiments, (see, e.g.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for remotely monitoring, analyzing and affirmatively notifying appropriate personnel of problems and events associated with an oil recovery system comprising one or more, e.g. hundreds, of oil rigs over a vast geographic area. The present invention provides a monitoring and reporting system that is referred to as a Health Check system. The present invention provides a variety of performance monitoring sensors at each oil rig in an oil recovery system, and, in certain aspects, for each centrifuge of an oil rig. The results of selected diagnostics, which are run on each oil rig and/or on each centrifuge, are reported to a central server. The central server automatically populates a database for the oil recovery system and displays a red/yellow/green/gray color-coded report for each rig and/or for an entire oil recovery system. The present invention also affirmatively alerts appropriate personnel of actions required to address events associated with an oil rig in an oil recovery system. The diagnostics performed at each oil rig are configurable at the individual rig. The central server need not change its reporting and display program when changes are made to a heath check at an oil rig. The present invention provides a dynamic oil rig status reporting protocol that enables construction and display of a tree node structure representing an entire oil recovery system status on a single screen. Preferably, top level information is presented on a single screen, and detailed information presented when one drills down in to other screens. Thus, the present invention enables rapid visual affirmation of a system Health Check.
A Health Check is an automated test that is running on the rig and monitoring something, e.g., but not limited to, a centrifuge, for acceptable performance, indication of problems, etc. These tests could be applied to equipments, drilling processes, or an operator's usage of particular drilling equipment, e.g., but not limited to, centrifuge(s). The results are then communicated to a central server located in a service center through a unique protocol, which allows automatic distribution and display of information and/or directly from a centrifuge to an Internet interface. A test program on a rig can be modified and that change will flow automatically through communication, storage and display of the resulting Health Check data for the rig.
The service center based web server allows secure access to Health Check results. The results are presented in “top down tree” mode with red/yellow/green/gray colors. The red color indicates the failure of a test or flagging an event of interest, the yellow color indicates that the health test has found some abnormality that may need attention, green indicates successful completion of a test, and gray color indicates inability to conduct a test. The bottom-most node of the “top down tree” contains the results of a Health Check. The work-case result is successively carried up to the next level, until topmost node (which in most cases is the drilling rig, group of rigs or oil recovery system) is reached.
Each Health Check result can be configured to generate a message (email, phone call, PDA, etc.) to alert single or multiple persons in case of test failure. The data transfer protocol is well defined, such that other development groups or third parties can easily develop Health Check tests, generate results and feed information to the central server. Test results are transferred from the rig to the server using a novel data protocol that dynamically defines the structure of the data, that is, the node tree structure of the data by the naming convention of the protocol. Thus, the results are simply stored and displayed using the structural definition provided in the communication protocol. This allows for extreme flexibility in the definition of new programs and results to run and report at oil rigs without requiring a change in the communication protocol, notification function or the display and storage functions at the central server. The bottom-most nodes in the tree structure contain test results. Each test comes into the central server as a record containing node information as to where the information fits within the tree structure, an identifier for the test, a test result (red/yellow/green/gray) and intermediate data such as error codes, operator entry data and test data description. Thus, no results processing need occur at the central server. The central server only archives and display results and issues affirmative (with acknowledgement) and regular notifications as required.
Events or conditions can be set for notification, thus, once the event or condition occurs and after it is set for notification, a notification is sent to a designated person reporting the event of condition. A list of persons can be associated with each oil rig and event or condition. A notification can be sent to a cell phone, PDA or other electronic device. A notification can comprise a text, audio or video message to a user. A notification tells the rig status color code, text, aural or video. A user can call into the central server to check the status of an oil rig or oil recovery system. The status returned is a notification message indicating that the rig is okay or that a problem or condition of interest has occurred. Thus, the Health Checks are different than alarms, although alarms (including those alarms generated by prior or legacy systems) can be used as inputs to a Health Check where the alarms are processed and considered by Health Check rather than sending an alarm immediately to oil rig personnel. Health Check may indicate that piece of equipment is out of range and should be replaced in the near future, however, supercritical alarms can be processed by Health Checks to generate an immediate notification.
In certain aspects, the present invention (and any and all steps and/or events described above for any scenario) is implemented as a set of instructions on a computer readable medium, comprising ROM, RAM, CD ROM, Flash or any other computer readable medium, now known or unknown, that when executed cause a computer or similar system to implement the method and/or step(s) and/or events of systems and methods according to the present invention, either on-site or remotely or both.
The present invention is described herein in certain aspects for use on drilling rigs, however, numerous other applications are intended as appropriate for use in association with the present invention.
The present invention provides a user interface, which, in one aspect, is preferably mounted to existing rig floor structure and also provides a pedestal mount with adjustable height, for convenient choke operation. A wireless version is also provided.
The present invention supports real-time two-way data communication, e.g., with Varco International, Inc.'s RigSense and DAQ JVM, and with other commercially available information systems. In one aspect any sensors whose data is used by the present invention (for control and/or display) are directly connected to the present invention, including, but not limited to, sensors on a shale shaker or shakers.
In one aspect, when the RigSense system is present in an embodiment of the present invention, the RigSense system provides data archiving and expanded data displays functionality to the present invention. The present invention provides a user interface integrated into other systems such as the RigSense system, DAQ JVM and VICIS; Real-Time Well Control, supervisory control specific to well control tasks; and Automated well control, which may be entire process or selected sub-tasks. One of the primary impacts perceived on existing products and services in which integration and/or implementation of the present invention is performed is additional capability for taking control of and/or being in control of the choking operation via a distinct intervention, so that control is clearly being exercised by users at other stations and by automated controllers.
A key factor for efficient utilization and integration of the present invention into the operator's working environment is the present invention's provision of manual controls for high-frequency user control actions in lieu of touch screen control consoles. Additional automated functionality is provided such as automatic pressure-set control for use in association with the touch screen and provides benefit in the control area, particularly in emergency stations. In an alternative embodiment a touch screen user interface is provided.
In another embodiment, the present invention is implemented as a set of instructions on a computer readable medium, comprising ROM, RAM, CD ROM, Flash or any other computer readable medium, now known or unknown that when executed cause a computer to implement a method of the present invention.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for remotely monitoring, analyzing and affirmatively notifying appropriate personnel of problems and events of interest associated with an oil recovery system comprising one or more, e.g. hundreds, of oil rigs over a vast geographical area or a single rig. The present invention provides a monitoring and reporting system that is referred to as a Health Check system. The present invention provides a variety of performance, process and equipment monitoring Health Checks and equipment sensors at each oil rig in an oil recovery system. The present invention provides a dynamic oil rig status reporting protocol that enables population and display of a tree node structure representing an entire oil recovery system or single oil rig status on a single screen. Thus, the present invention enables rapid visual or aural affirmation of a system Health Check.
Health Checks are not the same as alarms. An alarm is an immediate notification to an operator that a known unacceptable condition has been detected, requiring the operator's awareness of it and often some action by the operator. A Health Check may use alarms in its logic, but it is by nature different than an alarm. A heath check is more general and more diagnostic than an alarm, and does not require immediate action, at least not on the oil rig. In the present invention, a problem is reported to a central server for reporting and diagnosis to service personnel. A Health Check can apply to any equipment component or process, sensors, control systems, operator actions, or control processes, etc.
The Health Check system comprises software containing test logic. The logic is configurable so that inputs, outputs and logic can be selected by a user to test and look for any condition or event associated with an oil rig or oil recovery system. The overall system in certain aspects comprises Health Checks running in real time on a computer at an oil rig and a communications network connecting the oil rig to a central server to move data from the rig of a group of rigs to the server. The server displays the results in hierarchical form. The server sends commands, application programs and data to the rig from the server.
The Health Check system of the present invention further comprises, in certain aspects, a central database populated with dynamic status reported from oil rigs comprising an oil recovery system. The present invention further comprises a web page display for efficiently displaying Health Check results associated with a test, a rig, an area or an oil recovery system. The web page results can be displayed on a computer, cell phone, personal data assistant (PDA) or any other electronic display device capable of receiving and displaying or otherwise alerting (e.g., sound notification) a user of the status of the data. The preferred screen is a color screen to enable red/green/yellow/gray display results. Results can also be audio, video or graphically encoded icons for severity reports, e.g., an audio message may state audibly, “situation green”, “situation red” or “situation yellow” or display a particular graphical icon, animation or video clip associated with the report to demonstrate a Health Check severity report. The present invention enables drilling down (that is, traversing a hierarchical data structure tree from a present node toward an associated child or leaf node), into a tree of nodes representing diagnostic status, to a node or leaf level to access additional information regarding a color-coded report.
The present invention also provides a notification system to immediately inform service personnel of problems as necessary, such as a message or email to a cell phone or pager or computer pop up message. There is also a receipt affirmation function that confirms that a notification message was received and acknowledged. Secondary and tertiary notifications are sent when a primary recipient does not acknowledge an affirmative notification within a configurable time limit. A severity report associated with a given problem is represented by a blinking color when it is unacknowledged and remains a blinking color until the given problem is cleared and returns to green or clear status. Severity reports once acknowledged change from blinking to a solid color. Reports that have been acknowledged by one user may be transferred or reassigned to another user upon administrative permission by a system supervisor or by requesting permission to transfer a second user and receiving permission from the second user. A system supervisor can also display a list of users and severity reports being handled by the user, that is, a list of acknowledged and in progress severity reports assigned to a particular user to view and enable workload distribution to facilitate reassignments for balancing the work load.
A dispatch may assign a work order to a group of particular severity reports. Once the work order is completed the system checks to see if the nodes associated with the work order have been cleared. The work order provides a secondary method for determining if nodes associated with a work order have been cleared after a work is complete. The system administrator software program can also automatically check the work order against the node state for a system check.
The advantages provided to the customer of a preferred Health Check system are substantially less down time due to the present invention's Health Check's ability to find or anticipate problems earlier and fixing the problems faster, ideally before the customer becomes aware that a problem has occurred. The present invention reassures the customer that the Health Check system is always on the job and monitoring and reporting on the oil recovery system twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. A customer or system user can always call in and confirm the status of an entire oil recovery system or single rig with a single call to the central server or a rig and receive a situation report, that is situation red, yellow, green or gray for the oil recovery system or single rig, as requested. The present invention enables more efficient use of operational service personnel. The present invention finds and reports problems, potential problems and trigger events of interest, which enables rapid response and recovery in case of actual and/or potential equipment or operator malfunctions or the occurrence of a particular event. The present invention also helps to find problems at an early stage when the problems are often easier to fix, before catastrophic failure, thus creating less impact on the customer's oil recovery system or individual oil rig. Health Checks according to the present invention provide a method and apparatus for providing an application program that acts as an ever-vigilant set of eyes watching an entire oil recovery system or single rig to ensure that everything is okay, that is, operational.
In certain embodiments, all results for each oil rig in an oil recovery system or individual oil rig or equipment, e.g., but not limited to, a shaker or shakers, are worst-case combined so that the worst-case severity report bubbles to the top of the reporting tree and is reported as the status for an entire oil recovery system, oil rig(s), event of interest, process, or equipment being analyzed. As discussed above, red is a worst-case severity report, followed by yellow severity report and then green is the least severe report. Gray indicates no data available. Thus, if one or more tests reporting a red status is received from an oil rig, the red status bubbles up past all yellow and green status reports and the status for the rig and the entire oil recovery system in which the rig resides is shown as red. Once the red report is cleared, yellow reports, if any, bubble up and the status of the oil recovery system, rig or equipment being viewed is shown as yellow, if a yellow report is in a node tree transmitted from any oil rig in an oil recovery system. The status for a single oil rig bubbles up the worst-case report as well, however, localized to the single rig or rigs under investigation, unless grouped. When grouped the worst-case status for the group is reported. For example, if three rigs were reporting the following scenario is possible: Rig 1 reports red, rig 2 reports yellow and rig 3 reports green. The status for a group selected to include rigs 1, 2 and 3 would be red. The status for a group selected to include rigs 2 and 3 would be yellow. The status for a group selected to include rig 3 only would be green. Subsections within a rig can also be selected for a color-coded status report. Preferably, the gray is not cleared. Usually, if the test were not conducted for any reason, the status would take gray color.
The present invention enables testing at the nodes of a bottom up tree structure representing an oil recovery system, a single rig therein, or an equipment in an oil rig, wherein the nodes carry the results to the top for easy visualization and use. The present invention also provides a dynamic reporting protocol for data transfers from an oil rig to a central server wherein level identifiers are provided to transfer data and its structure in a single packet transfer, thus enabling dynamic data base population and display of reports from an oil rig. The results are presented on a web page or reported to cell phones, computers, pagers, personal data assistants or otherwise affirmatively reported other wise to appropriate personnel. In a preferred embodiment, reports are acknowledged by a first recipient or a second recipient is selected for receipt of the report when the first recipient does not acknowledge receipt, and so on, until a recipient has received and acknowledged the report. Alternatively multiple recipients may simultaneously get the notification.
The present invention is automatically scaleable and extensible due to the modular and dynamic nature of its design. Tests can be easily created, added or deleted and parameters added or modified on an oil rig equipment test or Health Check without reprogramming or changing the central server's database population, data reporting and data display applications. The reporting can vary between broad coverage and specific coverage, that is, a status report can included data for an entire oil recovery system comprising over 100 oil rigs and/or specifically report status for a single oil rig of interest concurrently.
The present invention provides early warning of potential and actual failures and also provides confirmation of product performance and usage. A set of automated Health Checks and diagnostic tests is selected to run in real time on an oil rig. Status from the test is reported continuously via a communication link between the oil rig and a central server. The present invention provides insight and analysis of equipment, processes and equipment usage on an oil rig. The present invention monitors alarms and parameter limits to assess necessary action and perform affirmative notification of appropriate personnel.
The present invention provides quick response, real-time monitoring and remote diagnostics of the automation and control systems running on oil rigs comprising a fleet of oil rigs or an oil recovery system to achieve maximum rig performance while maintaining optimum personnel allocation. A service center is connected to the oil rigs through an Internet based network. System experts make real-time data and logged data from the oil rigs available for perusal and analysis in a central facility or at distributed locations. The web site of the present invention provides access to current operational status as well as to historical operation and performance data for each of the rigs comprising an oil recovery system.
Health Check tests are configurable so that new tests can be created, added or deleted and parameters changed for execution at an oil rig without the necessity of programming. A simple user interface is provided wherein a user at the central server or at an oil rig can select a test from a library of existing tests, or create a new test using a scripting language, natural language interface or pseudo language is provided which generates a script defining inputs, outputs and processing logic for a test. The script is compiled and sent to the rig for addition to existing Health Checks running on the rig. The user interface also enables modification or addition and deletion of parameters associated with a Health Check or test.
Notifications can be an immediate message when a problem is detected or an advisory notification. The notification is sent to expert service personnel associated with the central server or can be directed to a service manager or local service person closest to the rig needing service. For each rig and problem type, a particular person or service personnel category is designated for receipt of a notification. Secondary and tertiary backup personnel and personnel categories are designated as a recipient for each notification. Affirmative notifications must be acknowledged by the recipient so that the problem is acknowledged and someone has taken responsibility for the problem. If an affirmative notification is not acknowledged within a configurable time period, then a secondary or tertiary recipient is notified until the problem is acknowledged. Reliability reports are generated by the present invention showing performance summaries for oil rigs, comprising up time, response, problems detected and solutions provided. These reports provide an objective basis for formulating an evaluation of the Heath Check system's efficiency.
The results from a rig include processed inputs from the rig. No processing is required at the central server, other than display, storage and alerts to appropriate personnel. The oil rig Health Checks and tests are configurable so no programming is required to implement a new test or change logic or parameters for an existing test. A field engineer or central server personnel can add a new test without requiring a user to perform a programming change. The present invention provides a local or remote user interface, which provides a simple interface for describing a test and logic. The interface comprises an iconic presentation, pseudo language, script or a natural language interface to describe a test's input(s), processing logic and output(s). The user interface interprets a user's inputs and converts the user's input into a scripting language. The script language is compiled and sent to the rig on which the new or augmented test is to be performed. The new test is added to a library of tests from which a user may choose to have run at a rig. Test modules can be deleted, added, parameters changed, and updated from the oil rig, the central server or from a remote user via a remote access electronic device.
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The present invention is also useful for Process Monitoring, that is, to determine that equipment is being used properly to perform a designated process. For example, if rig operators are using an “override” during a certain system state indicative of a certain process, which is supposed to be run automatically rather than manually overridden, the present invention can perform a health check to detect this event of interest and report it to the central server. Knowledge of this occurrence enables central server personnel to detect and correct the inappropriate action of the operators. Moreover, the test to detect the inappropriate override stays in the system so that if new operators recreate the problem or trained operators backslide into using the manual override inappropriately, the central server personnel will be notified so that the problem can be address again. Thus, the Health Check system builds a cumulative base of operational checks to insure that a process on a rig or oil recovery system runs in optimal fashion.
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Changes to the Health Checks running on any or all rigs does not require changes to the display or data base population application because the preferred communication protocol defines the data base layout and display layout. The leaf nodes of the tree structure represent Health Check results. Each node contains a test identifier, test result (red/yellow/green/gray), intermediate data, user-entered data and test description. Trouble shooting comments are provided at the central server based on reported errors. Test error codes are included in the node so that messages associated with the error codes are displayed to the appropriate user. Alternately, trouble shooting and other information can also be generated and appended to the results of the tests at rig site. Thus, no processing to determine rig status is done at the central server. Notifications are sent when deemed necessary by the application. Notification logic is configurable by service personnel at the central server or at the oil rig. Notification logic dictates that notifications are sent when an event occurs and the event has been selected for reporting as a notification to a user. The notification logic and a list of appropriate notification recipients in order of priority, that is, who to contact first, is retained at the central server. The event can be a report on an equipment status, process execution or an operational item. A user can check in with the central server of present invention to obtain a real time report of the status of an oil rig or multiple oil rigs. The requesting user will receive a severity report message indicating the status of the rig, for example, “okay” or “red/yellow/green/gray.”
The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a centrifuge for separating components of a feed material, the centrifuge with a bowl with a hollow interior and a first bowl end spaced-apart from a second bowl end, a conveyor within the bowl for moving separated material from the first bowl end to the second bowl end, apparatus for selectively rotating the bowl and the conveyor and for differing rotational speed of the conveyor with respect to the bowl.
The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a centrifuge system for processing material, the centrifuge system including a housing; a bowl rotatably mounted within the housing; a bowl motor for rotating the bowl; a bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus for providing power to the bowl motor, the bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus including a bowl motor on-board controller for controlling the bowl motor variable frequency drive apparatus; a screw conveyor rotatably mounted within the housing; a screw motor for rotating the screw conveyor; a screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus for providing power to the screw motor, the screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus including a screw motor on-board controller for controlling the screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus; and pump apparatus for pumping material to be processed into the bowl. Such a system may have one or some (in any possible combination) of the following: network communications apparatus (e.g., but not limited to, the Internet) for providing communication between at least one of the variable frequency drive apparatuses and a site remote from a location of the centrifuge system; remote control apparatus for remotely controlling the at least one or all variable frequency drive apparatuses from the site remote from the location of the centrifuge system; the network communications apparatus for providing communication between at least one of or all of the variable frequency drive apparatuses and a computer system at the location of the centrifuge system and/or remote therefrom for controlling at least one of or all of the variable frequency drive apparatuses; the pump apparatus including a variable frequency drive pump, and pump variable frequency drive apparatus for controllably driving the pump apparatus; load sensor apparatus for sensing load of the bowl motor and load of the screw motor and for producing load signals indicative of said loads, pump on-board controller apparatus for receiving said load signals and for controlling the pump apparatus in response thereto; wherein the pump on-board controller shuts down the pump apparatus in response to load signals indicating the centrifuge system is jammed with material, thereby stopping flow of material to the bowl; screw motor sensor apparatus for sensing speeds of the screw motor; the screw on-board controller apparatus having programmable media for controlling the screw motor variable frequency drive apparatus; the screw on-board controller apparatus for checking a manually-set screw motor speed and, if said manually-set screw motor speed is unacceptable, automatically overriding said manually-set screw motor speed with an acceptable screw motor speed; alarm apparatus in communication with the on-board controller apparatus for providing an alarm signalling that a manually-set screw motor speed has been overridden; the screw on-board controller apparatus including alert apparatus for alerting personnel on-site and/or off-site operating the centrifuge system in the event of the screw on-board controller automatically overriding a manually-set screw motor speed; screw motor direction sensing apparatus for sensing a direction, forward or reverse, in which the screw motor is running; wherein the screw on-board controller maintains screw motor speed slower than bowl motor speed; wherein the screw on-board controller maintains screw motor speed between a pre-set minimum speed and a pre-set maximum speed; a tank system for holding material to be processed by the centrifuge system, the tank system including a container, an agitator system having agitating apparatus within the container, an agitator motor for rotating the agitating apparatus, sensor apparatus for sensing operational parameters of the agitator motor and for sending agitator signals indicative thereof to at least one of the variable frequency drive apparatuses for control thereof in response thereto; wherein the at least one variable frequency drive apparatus stops the agitator motor in response to agitator signals; wherein the at least one variable frequency drive apparatus produces an alarm in response to agitator signals; sensor apparatus connected to the centrifuge system for sensing a parameter indicative of operation of the centrifuge system for providing a signal corresponding to said parameter, control apparatus for receiving signals from the sensor apparatus for controlling the centrifuge system based on said signals, the centrifuge system on a drilling rig, the control apparatus for monitoring and analyzing a plurality of signals from the sensor apparatus and for transmitting signals indicative of information related to operation of the centrifuge system to a processor on the drilling rig, the processor including a set of health check rules for health checks comprising logical rules, inputs and outputs for defining events associated with the status of the centrifuge system, the processor for determining a severity code for each event and for reporting the events and severity codes to a central server, the events reported by the processor to the central server in a protocol defining a data structure, the data structure comprising a hierarchical tree node structure wherein results from application of the health check rules are a bottommost node of the tree node structure, and displaying the event severity codes on a display; the processor for providing to the central server the results as records containing node information regarding an appropriate location for the results in the tree node structure; the control apparatus running the health checks in real time to provide results regarding on-going status of the centrifuge system to indicate a potential failure of the centrifuge system; the control apparatus for providing information regarding centrifuge system operation so that maintenance can be performed on the centrifuge system without shutting down drilling by the drilling rig; recording apparatus in communication with at least one on-board controller for at least one of the variable frequency drive apparatuses for recording personnel operator inputs thereto; wherein the recording apparatus is for producing a record identifying each personnel operator's inputs; wherein the at least one on-board controller includes the bowl motor on-board controller and the screw motor on-board controller; and/or wherein the material includes drilling fluid and drilled cuttings.
The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a method for processing material with a centrifuge system, the method including feeding material to be processed to a centrifuge system according to the present invention, pumping the material into the bowl, and processing the material with the centrifuge system. In one such method the material includes drilling fluid and drilled cuttings.
The present invention, therefore, provides in certain, but not necessarily all embodiments, a computer readable medium containing instructions that when executed by a computer implement a method according to the present invention (any method disclosed herein according to the present invention).
In conclusion, therefore, it is seen that the present invention and the embodiments disclosed herein and those covered by the appended claims are well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends set forth. Certain changes can be made in the subject matter without departing from the spirit and the scope of this invention. It is realized that changes are possible within the scope of this invention and it is further intended that each element or step recited in any of the following claims is to be understood as referring to all equivalent elements or steps. The following claims are intended to cover the invention as broadly as legally possible in whatever form it may be utilized. The invention claimed herein is new and novel in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 102 and satisfies the conditions for patentability in § 102. The invention claimed herein is not obvious in accordance with 35 U.S.C. § 103 and satisfies the conditions for patentability in § 103. This specification and the claims that follow are in accordance with all of the requirements of 35 U.S.C. § 112. The inventors may rely on the Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the scope of their invention and of the claims that follow as they may pertain to apparatus not materially departing from, but outside of, the literal scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
This is: a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/096,192 filed Mar. 31, 2005 and a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/949,882 filed Sep. 25, 2004; a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/835,256 filed Apr. 29, 2004; a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/512,372 filed Oct. 25, 2004 which claims priority from U.S. Ser. No. 10/134,027 filed Apr. 26, 2002 and Application Ser. No. PCT/IB03/01031 filed Mar. 12, 2003; and a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/373,216 filed Feb. 24, 2003 which claims priority from U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/424,262 filed Nov. 6, 2002—all of which are incorporated fully herein and with respect to all of which the present invention claims priority under the Patent Laws.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11096192 | Mar 2005 | US |
| Child | 11253067 | Oct 2005 | US |
| Parent | 10949882 | Sep 2004 | US |
| Child | 11096192 | Mar 2005 | US |
| Parent | 10835256 | Apr 2004 | US |
| Child | 11096192 | Mar 2005 | US |
| Parent | 10512372 | Oct 2004 | US |
| Child | 11096192 | Mar 2005 | US |
