Claims
- 1. A colloidal suspension comprising:
particles selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramic precursors, semiconductors, polymers, biodegradable polymers, bioactive agents, and mixtures thereof; a comb polymer; and multivalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 2. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein the particles are stabilized against flocculation.
- 3. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein the colloidal suspension comprises water.
- 4. The colloidal suspension of claim 3, wherein the colloidal suspension further comprises a liquid less polar than water.
- 5. The colloidal suspension of claim 4, wherein said liquid less polar than water is selected from the group consisting of alcohol, methanol, propanol, ethanol, t-butanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, acetonitrile, acetic acid, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethyl urea, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- 6. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein the particles have an average effective diameter from 1 nanometer to 100 microns.
- 7. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said particles have an average effective diameter from 20 nanometers to 3 microns.
- 8. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of tool steels, molybdenum, nickel, gold, silver, platinum, titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys, tungsten, aluminum, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- 9. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof.
- 10. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of acrylic latexes, poly(ethyl methacrylate), cellulose polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(lactic acids), natural rubber, polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and mixtures thereof.
- 11. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said particles comprise a bioactive agent selected from the group consisting of drugs, proteins, enzymes, polynucleotides, lipoproteins, liposomes, polypeptides, chemotherapeutic agents, hormones, polysaccharides, steroids, analgesics, local anesthetics, antibiotic agents, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, and mixtures thereof.
- 12. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein the comb polymer comprises a polymer having ionizable and nonionizable side-chains.
- 13. The colloidal suspension of claim 12, wherein a ratio of the ionizable to the nonionizable side-chains is from 20:1 to 1:1.
- 14. The colloidal suspension of claim 12, wherein the ionizable side-chains comprise a carboxylic acid moiety and the nonionizable side-chains comprise a polyethylene oxide moiety.
- 15. The colloidal suspension of claim 12, wherein the comb polymer has a backbone having an average molecular weight from 1,000 to 15,000.
- 16. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said multivalent ions are selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal ions, Group IIIA metal ions, Group IVA metal ions, AI,3+, Sn4+, Pb4+, Ti3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe 3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Co3+, Ir3+, CO32−, PO43−, SO32−, S2−Te2−, Se2−, N3−, P3−, O2−, and mixtures thereof.
- 17. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said ion concentration is at least 0.01 M.
- 18. The colloidal suspension of claim 1, wherein said ion concentration is at least 0.1 M.
- 19. A colloidal suspension comprising:
particles selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramic precursors, semiconductors, polymers, biodegradable polymers, bioactive agents, and mixtures thereof; a comb polymer; and monovalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
- 20. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein the particles are stabilized against flocculation.
- 21. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein the colloidal suspension comprises water.
- 22. The colloidal suspension of claim 21, wherein the colloidal suspension further comprises a liquid less polar than water.
- 23. The colloidal suspension of claim 22, wherein said liquid less polar than water is selected from the group consisting of alcohol, methanol, propanol, ethanol, t-butanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, acetonitrile, acetic acid, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethyl urea, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- 24. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein the particles have an average effective diameter from 1 nanometer to 100 microns.
- 25. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said particles have an average effective diameter from 20 nanometers to 3 microns.
- 26. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of tool steels, molybdenum, nickel, gold, silver, platinum, titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys, tungsten, aluminum, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- 27. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof.
- 28. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said particles are selected from the group consisting of acrylic latexes, poly(ethyl methacrylate), cellulose polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(lactic acids), natural rubber, polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and mixtures thereof.
- 29. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said particles comprise a bioactive agent selected from the group consisting of drugs, proteins, enzymes, polynucleotides, lipoproteins, polypeptides, chemotherapeutic agents, hormones, polysaccharides, steroids, analgesics, local anesthetics, antibiotic agents, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, and mixtures thereof.
- 30. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein the comb polymer comprises a polymer having ionizable and nonionizable side-chains.
- 31. The colloidal suspension of claim 30, wherein a ratio of the ionizable to the nonionizable side-chains is from 20:1 to 1:1.
- 32. The colloidal suspension of claim 30, wherein the ionizable side-chains comprise a carboxylic acid moiety and the nonionizable side-chains comprise a polyethylene oxide moiety.
- 33. The colloidal suspension of claim 30, wherein the comb polymer has a backbone having an average molecular weight from 1,000 to 15,000.
- 34. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said monovalent ions are selected from the group consisting of halides, ionized alkali earth metals, NH4+; NO3−, CIO3−, IO3−, and mixtures thereof.
- 35. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said ion concentration is at least 0.5 M.
- 36. The colloidal suspension of claim 19, wherein said ion concentration is at least 1.0 M.
- 37. A colloidal suspension comprising:
particles selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof; a comb polymer; and multivalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 38. A colloidal suspension comprising:
particles selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof; a comb polymer; and monovalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
- 39. A method of forming a mixture comprising:
a comb polymer; a carrier liquid; particles selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramic precursors, semiconductors, polymers, biodegradable polymers, bioactive agents, and mixtures thereof; and multivalent ions, wherein said mixture comprises said multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 40. A method of forming a mixture comprising:
a comb polymer; a carrier liquid; particles selected from the group consisting of metals, ceramic precursors, semiconductors, polymers, biodegradable polymers, bioactive agents, and mixtures thereof; and monovalent ions, wherein said mixture comprises said monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
- 41. A method of forming a colloidal suspension comprising mixing a comb polymer with a mixture comprising:
a carrier liquid; particles selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof; and multivalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 42. A method of forming a colloidal suspension comprising mixing a comb polymer with a mixture comprising:
a carrier liquid; particles selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, titanium oxide, lead zirconate, titanate, alumina, silica, zirconia, silicon nitride, barium titanate, silicon carbide, and mixtures thereof; and monovalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
- 43. In a colloidal suspension including ceramic precursor particles, multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M, a carrier liquid, and a dispersant, the improvement comprising at least one comb polymer as the dispersant.
- 44. In a colloidal suspension including ceramic precursor particles, monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M, a carrier liquid, and a dispersant, the improvement comprising at least one comb polymer as the dispersant.
- 45. The colloidal suspension of claim 1,
wherein said suspension is a pharmaceutical composition, said particles comprise a bioactive agent, and said comb polymer comprises ionizable and nonionizable side-chains.
- 46. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 45, wherein said comb polymer is water-soluble.
- 47. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 45, wherein said comb polymer is bio-compatible.
- 48. The colloidal suspension of claim 19,
wherein said suspension is a pharmaceutical composition, said particles comprise a bioactive agent, and said comb polymer comprises ionizable and nonionizable side-chains.
- 49. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein said comb polymer is water-soluble.
- 50. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 48, wherein said comb polymer is bio-compatible.
- 51. A method of making a ceramic substrate comprising
solidifying a colloidal suspension to form said substrate, wherein said colloidal suspension comprises:
a carrier liquid; ceramic precursor particles; a comb polymer; and multivalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 52. The method of claim 51, wherein said solidifying is by sintering.
- 53. A ceramic substrate prepared by the method of claim 51.
- 54. The ceramic substrate of claim 53, wherein said particles precipitate from said colloidal suspension prior to solidification.
- 55. A method of making a ceramic substrate comprising
solidifying a colloidal suspension to form said substrate, wherein said colloidal suspension comprises:
a carrier liquid; ceramic precursor particles; a comb polymer; and monovalent ions, wherein said suspension comprises said monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
- 56. The method of claim 55, wherein said solidifying is by sintering.
- 57. A ceramic substrate prepared by the method of claim 55.
- 58. The ceramic substrate of claim 57, wherein said particles precipitate from said colloidal suspension prior to solidification.
- 59. A method of lowering the viscosity of a colloidal suspension, comprising:
adding a comb polymer to the suspension, to form a mixture, wherein said mixture comprises multivalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.001 M.
- 60. A method of lowering the viscosity of a colloidal suspension, comprising:
adding a comb polymer to the suspension, to form a mixture, wherein said mixture comprises monovalent ions at a concentration of at least 0.1 M.
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/426,297, filed Nov. 14, 2002, entitled “Controlled Dispersion of Colloidal Suspensions by Comb Polymers,” which is incorporated by reference.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60426297 |
Nov 2002 |
US |