Patent Application
20120283878
Solid-state lighting devices are becoming more and more popular for large area lighting applications, both indoor and outdoor. These devices typically include an array of LEDs or organic LEDs (OLEDs). OLEDs in particular are amenable to physical actuation due to their plastic/polymer substrate and flexibility, such as bending, twisting, etc., and manipulation of flexibility can be used for a variety of functions for adjusting intensity, gamut, color and other mood lighting application. For instance, OLED arrays can be bent inward for light focusing/diffusion/mixing, or may be bent outward for light spreading and color separation. In addition, arrays consisting of multiple colored LED sections can be physically manipulated to perform color adjustment or mixing. Advances in lighting control using such solid-state device arrays have thus far been limited by the cost and complexity of providing corresponding control devices, whereby a need remains for improved control systems and drivers for solid-state lighting device arrays for use in large area lighting applications and elsewhere.
The present disclosure provides control circuits and solid-state lighting devices in which powerline phase cutting is used to transmit control messages between a control circuit and a flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device. The control messaging can be used to facilitate remote color mixing, light focusing, light spreading, and/or light direction control, alone or in conjunction with dimming and/or color mixing, and can include separate individual addressing for multiple adjustable lighting devices connected to a single control circuit.
A control circuit is provided in accordance with one or more aspects of the disclosure, including a switching circuit coupled between an AC input terminal and an output terminal which is operable in a first state to couple the input and output terminals, and to decouple the terminals in a second state. The control circuit includes a processor coupled with the switching circuit as well as with a user interface and/or an external device such as an ambient light sensor, occupancy sensor, etc. The processor of the controller receives an input signal or value from the user interface or external device and constructs a message that includes data symbols indicating a physical adjustment command or value based in whole or in part on the input signal or value. The processor provides a control signal to set the state of the switching circuit to transmit the message to a flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device coupled with the output terminal. The processor transmits a first data symbol of the message by providing the switching control signal to selectively place the switching circuit in the first state to allow current flow between the AC input terminal and the output terminal, and transmits a second data symbol by providing the switching control signal to selectively place the switching circuit in the second state to interrupt current flow between the input and output terminals for a predetermined time period.
In certain embodiments, the message is binary, having multiple bits indicating the physical adjustment command or value, and in other embodiments trinary or other message types can be used. In some embodiments, moreover, the message includes one or more data symbols indicating a dimming adjustment command or value for the solid-state lighting device. Alternatively or in combination, the message may include one or more data symbols that indicate a color adjustment command or value. The message in some embodiments, moreover, may include at least one data symbol indicating an address.
A flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device is provided in accordance with further aspects of the disclosure, which includes an AC input and a flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device array comprising a plurality of solid-state lighting devices, such as LEDs, OLEDs, etc. The device includes a driver which operates according to a control signal to convert input power from the AC input to power the lighting device array, as well as an actuator operative according to a physical adjustment input to set or adjust one or more physical conditions of the array, such as bend angle, twist amount, rotational direction, linear translation position, etc. The lighting device also includes a processor which receives a message including a plurality of data symbols indicating one or more physical adjustment commands or values. The processor provides the physical adjustment input to cause the actuator to set or adjust the physical condition(s) of the lighting device based at least in part on the message.
In certain embodiments, the message is binary, including a plurality of bits indicating the physical adjustment command or value. The lighting device in some embodiments includes a pulse detect circuit coupled with the AC input, which provides a pulse signal to the processor having a duration representing the amount of phase cutting in the received AC input power, and the processor determines the data symbols of the message according to the duration of the pulse signal. In some embodiments, the processor determines the duration of the pulse signal and compares the pulse duration to one or more thresholds to identify data symbols of the message. In certain embodiments, the message includes at least one data symbol indicating one or more dimming adjustment commands or values and the processor provides the driver control signal to cause the driver to set or adjusted an amount of power provided to the flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device array based in whole or in part on the dimming adjustment command or value. In certain embodiments, moreover the message includes one or more color adjustment commands or values and the processor provides one or both of the physical adjustment input and the driver control signal to cause the driver and/or the actuator to set or adjust the color of light provided by the solid-state lighting device array.
One or more exemplary embodiments are set forth in the following detailed description and the drawings, in which:
Referring now to the drawings, like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout and the various features are not necessarily drawn to scale.
As best seen in
The control circuit 110 includes a switching circuit coupled between the AC input terminal 110a and the output terminal 109a that selectively electrically connects the terminals 110a, 109a in a first switching state or electrically decouples the terminals in a second switching state according to a switching control signal TX. The switching circuit can be any form of electrical switch or switches. In the illustrated embodiment, the switching circuit includes a triac TR connected between the AC input terminal 110a and the output terminal 109a. In some embodiments, a bypass component 114 is provided in parallel with the triac TR for reducing the on-state impedance of the path between the terminals 110a and 109a. For example, the bypass component 114 may be a relay with contacts connected between the terminals 110a and 109a and having a control coil operable according to a control signal. As seen in the figures, the exemplary control circuit 110 includes a processor 112 operatively coupled with the switching circuit to provide a triac control signal TX to the triac TR and also to provide a control signal to the coil of the bypass relay 114.
As best seen in
The controller 110 also allows color mixing, with individualized controls 220 for controlling the individual yellow levels, 222 for controlling the individual blue levels, and 224 for controlling the individual green levels of the devices 120. In this regard, as seen in
The illustrated user interface 116 also provides an integer number N lamp and angle controls 230 by which the user can set or adjust a bend angle of the corresponding flexible and shape adjustable lighting device 120. The interface 116, moreover, can be equipped to allow user entry of one or more further physical adjustment settings for individual lighting devices 120 or groups thereof. For example, such controls may provide adjustable settings for twist angles or other physical condition of all or some of the flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device arrays 130. In this regard, the interface 116 may be any form of user interface by which a user can enter one or more values and/or commands. For instance, the user may set a specific dimming level by entering a specific numeric value (e.g. a percentage from 0 to 100) using a numeric keypad, or by adjusting a slide control as shown in the example of
The external devices 106 and 108 may provide signals and/or values as inputs 112a to the processor 112 of the controller 110. For instance, these devices can tell the controller 110 to turn off one or more lighting devices 120 at sunrise and to turn the devices 120 on at sunset (e.g., according to a sensed ambient light signal from the sensor 108). Also, the controller 110 may be notified of the presence of an occupant in a room or predefined area, and may turn one or more lighting devices 120 on in response to an occupancy signal from the sensor 106.
The control circuit 110 is operated according to these user-entered commands and/or values, with the processor 112 receiving one or more input signals and/or values 112a from the user interface 116 and/or from the external devices 106, 108. The processor 112 constructs a message (not shown) based at least partially on the received input or inputs 112a. The message includes a plurality of data symbols which together indicate a physical adjustment command and/or value for one or more of the flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting devices 120. In some embodiments, the data symbols are binary (e.g., having one of two distinct values “0” or “1”). In other embodiments each data symbol may identify one of more than two possible values (e.g., trinary, etc.).
The processor 112 provides the triac control signal TX as well as the coil control signal for the relay 114 to switch the switching circuit TR, 114 in one of two states. In the first state, the processor 112 provides the switching control signals to turn the triac TR on and to also turn on the relay 114 such that current can flow between the AC input terminal 110a and the output terminal 109a. In the second state, the processor 112 provides the control signals to render the relay contact open (nonconductive) and to turn off the triac TR for at least a portion of a corresponding AC input power cycle or half-cycle. In some embodiments, moreover, the relay 114 can be selectively turned on (for low impedance operation) when the processor 112 is not transmitting any messages, and the relay 114 can be turned off (nonconductive or open) while the processor switches only the triac TR for selective phase-cutting to transmit message data symbols. The controller 110, in this regard, may include various analog and/or digital circuitry for synchronizing the control of the triac TR and/or of the relay 114 with specific portions of an input AC power cycle (e.g., zero-crossings).
Referring also to
The illustrated controller configuration thus utilizes phase-cutting to indicate one binary data symbol and the lack of phase-cutting to indicate the other binary data symbol. In other embodiments, the message can be encoded using two different amounts of phase-cutting to represent different data symbols of a binary message. Moreover, other embodiments can utilize three or more different amounts of phase-cutting (including zero phase-cutting) to represent three or more unique data symbols in a trinary or other non-binary implementation.
The selective phase-cutting is thus used by the controller 110 to provide the message via the power line connections 109 to one or more flexible and shape adjustable lighting devices 120 as shown in
Referring also to
The device 120 further includes one or more driver circuits 128, which may be any suitable form of circuitry by which electrical drive current can be selectively provided to one or all of the lighting elements of the array 130. For instance, in the example shown schematically in
In addition, the device 120 includes a physical actuator 126, which can be any suitable mechanical, electromechanical, magnetic, or other form of actuator that is operable according to a control signal or value 122a to set and/or adjust one or more physical conditions of the array 130 (e.g., bend angle, output light direction, twist amount, etc.). The physical actuator 126 can be any suitable form of apparatus by which one or more physical conditions of the solid-state array 130 can be changed or adjusted or otherwise set, including without limitation rotational motors, gears, levers, linear motors, micro-electromechanical (MEMS) devices, magnetic and/or electromagnetic systems, etc., where
Both the driver 128 and the physical actuator 126 receive AC input power via the power line connections 109. In the illustrated embodiment, the input voltage is reduced by way of a capacitive divider circuit formed by capacitors C1 and C2, and the reduced AC voltage is provided to a full bridge rectifier circuit including diodes D1-D4. In one embodiment, C1 is 1.47 μF, C2 is 47 nF, and the diodes are 1N4004 type devices. A 30 volt Zener diode Z2 and a third capacitor C3 (330 μF) are connected in parallel with one another across upper and lower DC bus terminals at the output of the rectifier bridge D1-D4, and the driver circuit 128 provides an output connection for the array 130 at the upper DC bus line. The array return connection is coupled in a series branch including a power switching transistor Q1 (FET BSS138 in one example) and a sense resistor R2 (e.g., 1 ohm) which is connected to the lower DC bus line.
The transistor Q1 includes a gate terminal controlled by an output of an op amp U1 (e.g., LT1800) with an inverting input connected to the upper terminal of the sense resistor R2, and a non-inverting input receiving a control signal 122b generated by a lighting device processor 122. The op amp U1 is connected to a secondary (e.g., 5 volt) DC circuit separated from the initial 30 volt DC bus by a resistor R3 (5.1 K in one example), which includes a 5.1 volt Zener diode Z3 and a capacitor C4 (330 μF), where the 5 volt supply is also used to power the processor 122. In one example, the processor 122 is a microcontroller such as a PIC12F683.
The processor 122 provides a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal to a low pass filter circuit 123 which includes an RC filter R6 (10K) and C5 (22 μF), followed by a resistive divider circuit set by a resistor R5 (90 K) and a resistor R4 (1K), where the node joining R4 and R5 is provided as the control signal 122b to the non-inverting input of the op amp U1. In this manner, the processor 122 controls the duty cycle of the PWM signal provided to the filter circuit 123, and the op amp U1 operates in closed loop fashion to regulate the current through the sense resistor R2 (and hence the current through the OLED array 130) in accordance with the filtered setpoint signal 122b. Thus, the processor 122 can perform on/off control, as well as dimming control. As mentioned above, the driver circuit 128 may include one or more outputs that are individually controllable, in which case the processor 122 can provide separate setpoint signals to the driver 128 for this individualized current control. Thus, the driver 128 operates according to the driver control signal 122b from the processor 122 to selectively provide power to the solid-state lighting device array 130.
The processor 122 also provides a physical adjustment input signal 122a to the actuator 126 to set or adjust one or more physical conditions of the flexible and shape adjustable solid-state lighting device array 130.
The processor 122 also receives a pulse input signal 125 from a pulse detection circuit 124. In the illustrated example, the pulse detection circuit 124 includes the capacitive divider formed by capacitors C1 and C2, as well as a resistor R1 (100 K) with a first terminal connected to the AC return line 109b and a second terminal connected to a cathode of a 5.1 volt Zener diode Z1 whose anode is connected to the lower DC bus terminal. The node joining R1 and C1 provides the pulse input signal 125 as an input to the processor 122. As seen in graphs 150 and 170 of
The processor 122 thus receives the pulse input signal 125 which has a duration that changes with the amount of phase cutting on the power line. In this example, time T1 indicates a binary 1, and a time T0 (which is less than T1) represents a binary 0. The processor 122 determines whether the duration of the pulse is above or below a threshold value to discriminate between the nominal times T1 and T0. In this manner, processor 112 interprets the communications signals received via the pulse signal 125 by comparing the pulse widths to a threshold, and receives messages through this binary communication configuration to perform one or more functions, including changing the output level of the OLED array 130 by adjusting the PWM-controlled output 122b provided to the op amp circuit U1, including setting dimming levels and/or turning the array 130 on/off. In addition, the processor 112 may provide a control output 122a to one or more actuators 126 for selective bending of the OLED array 130 or segments thereof. In other embodiments in which more than 2 data symbol values are possible (e.g., trinary), the processor 122 can compare the duration of a given pulse signal 125 to multiple thresholds to discriminate between the possible data symbols.
The controller 110 performs the phase-cutting according to a messaging protocol (in the lighting devices 120 interpret the received messages according to the same protocol), which can be any protocol by which one or more commands and/or values can be sent from the controller 110 to the lighting device processor 112 (e.g., dim down, dim up, dim to a specified level, on/off move the actuator, etc.), where such commands can be directed to an entire OLED or LED array 130, or specific portions thereof (e.g., for different control over different colored portions of the array). This can be coded into any given number of bits or other forms of data symbols (e.g., trinary, etc.) to construct a message, and the message may include addressing capabilities such that a single phase cut dimming controller 110 can address (provide commands/values) to two or more driver/physical actuator circuits individually and/or in predesignated groups. In one example, eight 9 to form a message bits could be used in order to encode up to 256 dimming values and/or bending angles. In one example, a single bit is provided in every AC input cycle. In another possible example, phase cutting is used on both the positive and negative portions of the AC input cycle, to thereby transmit to bits per AC input cycle.
In practice it may be advantageous to cut/interrupt only a small portion of the AC input cycle (or half-cycle) in order to provide maximum available power to the driver/actuator of the devices 120, where it is also preferable to provide enough phase-cutting to allow the different data symbols to be distinguishable by the devices 120. Also, one practical restriction on the amount of data per message is the perceived response time of the circuit, where data transfer that takes more than about 300 ms may delay response by the driver/actuator of the device(s) 120 to the point where a user will perceive a response delay.
In one addressable embodiment, an initial 8-hit includes an address of the intended recipient device 120, and the following 8-hit message includes a command. In one embodiment, controller 110 could be a single wall dimmer 110 that provides phase cut power to multiple lighting devices 120, each having their own unique address. In some implementations, multiple powered devices 120 may be assigned the same address no addressing capability is provided), in which case each device 120 can detect the phase-cutting and thereby receive a command signal from a single wall mount phase-cut dimmer controller 110, and these multiple lighting devices 120 can be dimmed/turned on or off/bent in unison. The processor 112 of the lighting device 120 in some embodiments can provide a control output to one or more actuators 126, and/or a actuator 126 can be used which directly receives and interprets control signals from the powerline provided thereto.
Referring also to
On a surface of the panel 132 opposite that of the light emitting devices is provided a conforming mechanism which imparts smoothly contoured, generally continuous shape, arc, or curvature to the panel portion, or alternatively no conforming mechanism is provided, in which case the array can be physically manipulated so as to impart a sharp crease, angle, or fold to the panel portion, either or both of which are referred to herein as “bending”, wherein a motorized actuation system including a motor 126 can set and/or adjust a bending angle of the array 130. The conforming mechanism in this embodiment imparts curving actuation over the length of the panel, for example, via first and second arms 134a, 134b extending from a central actuator 138. A rotary motor 126 drives a threaded shaft screw or worm gear 133 according to the physical adjustment input signal or value 122a received from the processor 122 to move gears 135a and 135b (
The above examples are merely illustrative of several possible embodiments of various aspects of the present disclosure, wherein equivalent alterations and/or modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon reading and understanding this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (assemblies, devices, systems, circuits, and the like), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component, such as hardware, processor-executed software, or combinations thereof, which performs the specified function of the described component (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the illustrated implementations of the disclosure. Although a particular feature of the disclosure may have been illustrated and/or described with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, references to singular components or items are intended, unless otherwise specified, to encompass two or more such components or items. Also, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in the detailed description and/or in the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”. The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.
