Patent Application
20090101090
The present invention relates to a variable valve mechanism control device with an electric motor, and more particularly to drive control over an electric motor.
A variable valve mechanism control device with an electric motor is known (refer, for instance, to Patent Document 1). The control device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a torque reduction mechanism for imparting counter-torque in consideration of valve spring torque, inertia torque, and in-cylinder compression torque, which arise while an intake valve or exhaust valve is being opened or closed. This decreases the torque applied to the electric motor, thereby reducing the rating of the electric motor.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open 2005-171786
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open 2005-171937
However, the control device disclosed in Patent Document 1 entails a cost increase because it newly includes the torque reduction mechanism. In addition, the use of the torque reduction mechanism may result in increased friction torque between a cam and a valve.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problem. An object of the present invention is to provide a variable valve mechanism control device that is capable of reducing the power consumption and rating of an electric motor by using camshaft rotary inertia torque to reduce spring reaction force during a valve lift.
The first aspect of the present invention is a variable valve mechanism control device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a camshaft on which a cam is mounted to drive a valve that is biased by a valve spring;
an electric motor which rotationally drives the camshaft; and
control means for exercising drive control over the electric motor;
wherein the control means controls the rotary inertia force of the camshaft so as to be equal to or more than a predetermined value at the beginning of a valve lift so that the rotary inertia force cancels the spring reaction force of the valve spring.
The second aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the control means controls the rotational position of the electric motor so that the rotation speed of the camshaft is decreased by the spring reaction force exerted during the time interval between the instant at which a valve lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached, and that the rotation speed of the camshaft is increased by the spring reaction force exerted during the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached and the instant at which the valve lift terminates.
The third aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the control means employs the spring reaction force exerted during the time interval between the instant at which the valve lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached as deceleration torque for the rotary inertia force, while employing the spring reaction force exerted during the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached and the instant at which the valve lift terminates as acceleration torque for the rotary inertia force.
The fourth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, when the rotary inertia force exerted at the end of the valve lift is smaller than the predetermined value, the control means requires during a cam base circle slide to the electric motor to generate such torque that causes said rotary inertia force to be equal to or more than the predetermined value.
The fifth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the control means inhibits the electric motor to generate torque opposing the spring reaction force and requires the electric motor to generate only torque opposing the friction of the cam and valve during a valve lift.
The sixth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, further comprising:
engine speed change means which raises an engine speed to a value equal to or more than a predetermined value when a requested engine output value is equal to or more than a predetermined value and the engine speed is in a low rotation speed region where the engine speed is equal to or lower than the predetermined value.
The seventh aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, further comprising:
an inertia force increase member which is installed in a cam drive system having the camshaft and the electric motor to increase the camshaft rotary inertia force;
wherein the inertia force increase member adjusts the enlargement range for an actual operating angle in a low rotation speed region where an engine speed is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.
The eighth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, further comprising:
an inertia force change mechanism which can change the camshaft rotary inertia force when the operating angle of the valve is to be changed within a low rotation speed region where an engine speed is equal to or lower than a predetermined value.
The ninth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, when the cam is to be driven from a stopped state, the control means requires the electric motor to generate such torque that causes the rotary inertia force to be equal to or more than a predetermined value during a cam base circle slide before the start of a valve lift.
The tenth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein, when the cam is to be driven from a stopped state, the control means requires the electric motor to generate such torque that causes the rotary inertia force to reach a predetermined initial value during a cam base circle slide before the start of a valve lift, and then requires the electric motor to generate such torque that causes the rotary inertia force at the end of the valve lift to reach a predetermined value greater than the predetermined initial value.
The eleventh aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to claim 1, wherein, when the cam is to be driven in a normal rotation direction, the control means changes the rotation speed of the camshaft during a cam base circle slide in accordance with an engine speed so that the rotation of the camshaft synchronizes with the rotation of a crankshaft.
The twelfth aspect of the present invention is a variable valve mechanism control device for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a camshaft on which a cam is mounted to drive a valve that is biased by a valve spring;
an electric motor which rotationally drives the camshaft; and
control means for exercising drive control over the electric motor;
wherein the control means controls the rotational position of the electric motor so that the cam rotation speed during a valve lift is equal to or lower than the cam rotation speed during a cam base circle slide.
The thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the control means increase the rotary inertia force to a value equal to or more than a predetermined value by imparting torque of the electric motor during a cam base circle slide so as to swingingly drive the cam, and then synchronizes the rotation of the camshaft with the rotation of a crankshaft.
The fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, further comprising:
startup request acquisition means for acquiring a startup request for the internal combustion engine;
wherein the control means changes the period for swingingly driving the cam to increase the rotary inertia force in compliance with the startup request acquired by the startup request acquisition means.
The fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the variable valve mechanism control device according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein the control means includes judgment means for determining the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the startup request, applies the torque of the electric motor only during a cam base circle slide if the degree of requested acceleration is smaller than a predetermined value, and applies the torque of the electric motor not only during a cam base circle slide but also during a valve lift if the degree of requested acceleration is equal to or more than the predetermined value.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the spring reaction force is cancelled by the camshaft rotary inertia force. It means that, since the spring reaction force generated during a valve lift is reduced by the camshaft rotary inertia force, the torque that should be generated by the electric motor during a valve lift can be reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the power consumption and rating of the electric motor.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the rotational position of the electric motor is controlled so that the camshaft rotation speed is decreased by the spring reaction force generated during the period between the instant at which a valve lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached, and that the camshaft rotation speed is increased by the spring reaction force generated during the period between the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached and the instant at which the valve lift terminates. This enables the camshaft rotary inertia force to reduce the spring reaction force during a valve lift.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the spring reaction force generated during the period between the instant at which a valve lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached is used as deceleration torque for the camshaft rotary inertia force, and the spring reaction force generated during the period between the instant at which the maximum lift position is reached and the instant at which the valve lift terminates is used as acceleration torque for the camshaft rotary inertia force. This enables the camshaft rotary inertia force to reduce the spring reaction force during a valve lift.
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in a case where the camshaft rotary inertia force is smaller than a predetermined value at the end of a valve lift, the electric motor is required to generate such torque that makes the camshaft rotary inertia force equal to or more than the predetermined value during a cam base circle slide. The torque required to the electric motor to generate can be smaller during a cam base circle slide than during a valve lift. It is therefore possible to avoid an increase in the power consumption and rating of the electric motor.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the electric motor is required to generate no counter-spring-reaction-force torque but only counter-friction torque during a valve lift. This makes it possible to reduce the torque required to the electric motor to generate during a valve lift. Thus, the rating of the electric motor can be reduced since the rating of the electric motor can be determined merely by considering the counter-friction torque.
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in a case where the requested engine output value is equal to or more than a predetermined value in a low rotation speed region, engine speed is increased to equal to or more than a predetermined value by the engine speed change means. Here, since the camshaft rotary inertia force becomes smaller in the low rotation speed region than in a high rotation speed region, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle becomes greater in the low rotation speed region. When the operating angle is large, it may not be possible to achieve a requested engine output value, since the Atkinson cycle is implemented so that adequate torque cannot be generated. The sixth aspect of the present invention can reduce the enlargement range for the actual operating angle by switching toward the high rotation speed side. This makes it possible to generate adequate torque and achieve a requested engine output value.
According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle in the low rotation speed region is adjusted by increasing the camshaft rotary inertia force by the inertia force increase member. This makes it possible to achieve target values for fuel efficiency and torque.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the inertia force change mechanism can change the camshaft rotary inertia force when the valve operating angle is changed in the low rotation speed region. In other words, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle can be changed by changing the camshaft rotary inertia force, so as to implement a desired valve operating angle.
According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, when a stopped cam is to be driven, the electric motor is required to generate such torque that makes the camshaft rotary inertia force equal to or more than the predetermined value during a cam base circle slide before the start of a valve lift. The camshaft rotary inertia force, which has been increased before the start of the valve lift, cancels the spring reaction force during the valve lift. Further, since the spring reaction force does not act on the camshaft during the cam base circle slide, the camshaft rotary inertia force can be increased even if the torque required to the electric motor to generate is small. This makes it possible to reduce the power consumption of the electric motor when the cam is to be driven from its stopped state. Consequently, the rating of the electric motor can be reduced.
According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, when a stopped cam is to be driven, the electric motor is required to generate such torque that makes the camshaft rotary inertia force reach to the predetermined initial value during a cam base circle slide before the start of a valve lift. Subsequently, the electric motor is required to generate such torque that makes the camshaft rotary inertia force reach to a predetermined value greater than the predetermined initial value at the end of the valve lift. As the torque required to the electric motor to generate is divided, the torque required to the electric motor to generate before the start of a valve lift is reduced. Therefore, the tenth aspect of the present invention can accept a lower electric motor rating than the ninth aspect.
According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the rotation of the camshaft can be synchronized with that of the crankshaft by changing the camshaft rotation speed during a cam base circle slide in accordance with the engine speed.
According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the rotational position of the electric motor is controlled so that the cam rotation speed during a valve lift is equal to or lower than the cam rotation speed during a cam base circle slide. This makes it possible to minimize the torque that is required to the electric motor to generate during a valve lift.
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the camshaft rotary inertia force is increased to a value equal to or more than the predetermined value necessary for normal rotation drive by applying the torque of the electric motor during a cam base circle slide to swingingly drive the cam. Subsequently, the cam is driven in the normal direction so that the rotation of the camshaft is synchronized with that of the crankshaft. The camshaft rotary inertia force does not drastically increase to a value equal to or more than the predetermined value, but gradually increases through repeated cam swings. This makes it possible to decrease the electric motor torque, thereby reducing the rating of the electric motor.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the period for swingingly driving the cam to increase the rotary inertia force is changed in accordance with an internal combustion engine startup request. Therefore, the cam can switch from swing drive to normal rotation drive with optimum timing according to the internal combustion engine startup request.
According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the torque of the electric motor is applied only during a cam base circle slide if the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the internal combustion engine startup request is smaller than the predetermined value. This provides a relatively long period for swinging the cam to increase the camshaft rotary inertia force. If, on the other hand, the degree of requested acceleration is not smaller than the predetermined value, the torque of the electric motor is applied not only during a cam base circle slide but also during a valve lift. This makes it possible to increase the camshaft rotary inertia force in a short period of time. Consequently, the cam can switch from swing drive to normal rotation drive in a short period of time.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals and will not be redundantly described.
The engine 1 is, for example, an in-line four-cylinder gasoline engine. In
Two intake valves 11 provided for each cylinder 2 are biased toward valve lifters 13 by the spring reaction force of valve springs 12. Cams 14, 15, 16, 17, each of which is related to each cylinder 2, are positioned above the valve lifters 13.
The cam 14 related to the first cylinder #1 and the cam 17 related to the fourth cylinder #4 are fastened to a first camshaft 18. The cam 15 related to the second cylinder #2 and the cam 16 related to the third cylinder #3 are fastened to a second camshaft 19. These camshafts 18, 19 are coaxially positioned and capable of rotating each other.
The first camshaft 18 is coaxially fastened to a first driven gear 20. The first driven gear 20 is engaged with a first output gear 21. The first output gear 21 is fastened to the same axis as for the output shaft of a first motor 22. The configuration described above makes it possible to transmit the torque of the first motor 22 to the first camshaft 18 through the gears 20, 21. In other words, the first motor 22 directly drives the cams 14, 17 without regard to a later-described crankshaft 3, thereby controlling the intake valve opening characteristics of the first cylinder #1 and fourth cylinder #4.
The second camshaft 19 is coaxially fastened to a second driven gear 23. A second output gear 25 meshes with the second driven gear 23 is engaged, via an intermediate gear 24, with a second output gear 25. The second output gear 25 is fastened to the same axis as for the output shaft of a second motor 26. The configuration described above makes it possible to transmit the torque of the second motor 26 to the second camshaft 19 through the gears 23, 24, 25. In other words, the second motor 26 directly drives the cams 15, 16 without regard to the crankshaft 3, thereby controlling the intake valve opening characteristics of the second cylinder #2 and third cylinder #3.
The operation of the variable valve mechanism 10 described above is controlled by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 30, which serves as a control device. More specifically, the ECU 30 issues drive instructions to the first motor 22 and second motor 26 in accordance with outputs from various sensors to control the rotational positions of the motors 22, 26.
There are two drive modes for the cams 14, 17: normal rotation drive mode and swing drive mode. In the normal rotation drive mode, the first motor 22 continuously rotates in one direction to continuously rotate the cams 14, 17 in a normal rotation direction. In the swing drive mode, on the other hand, the first motor 22 changes its rotation direction during a lift of the intake valve 11 to reciprocate the cams 14, 17.
Although the two cams 15, 16 mounted on the second camshaft 19 are not shown in the figure and will not be described in detail, these two cams 15, 16 are also arranged so that their cam noses 15a, 16a are positioned 180° apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the second camshaft 19. Further, the second motor 26 can exercise drive control over these cams 14, 17 to place them in either the normal rotation drive mode or swing drive mode.
A cylinder head 7 is attached to the top of the cylinder block 6. The cylinder head 7 includes an ignition plug 9, which ignites an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber 8. The cylinder head 7 has an intake port 31 that communicates with the combustion chamber 8. The aforementioned intake valve 11 is positioned in the joint between the intake port 31 and combustion chamber 8. The intake valve 11 is connected to the above-mentioned variable valve mechanism 10. An injector 32 is installed near the intake port 31 to inject fuel into the neighborhood of the intake port 31.
The intake port 31 is connected to an intake path 32. A throttle valve 33 is installed in the middle of the intake path 32. The throttle valve 33 is an electronically controlled valve that is driven by a throttle motor 34. The throttle valve 33 is driven in accordance with an accelerator angle AA, which is detected by an accelerator angle sensor 36. A throttle angle sensor 35 is installed near the throttle valve 33 to detect a throttle angle TA. An air flow meter 37 is installed upstream of the throttle valve 33. The air flow meter 37 is configured to detect an intake air amount Ga.
The cylinder head 7 also includes an exhaust port 38, which communicates with the combustion chamber 8. An exhaust valve 39 is mounted in the joint between the exhaust port 38 and combustion chamber 8. The exhaust valve 39 is connected to a variable valve mechanism 40 that has the same configuration as the aforementioned variable valve mechanism 10. The exhaust port 38 is connected to an exhaust path 41. A catalyst 42 is installed in the exhaust path 41 to purify exhaust gas. An air-fuel ratio sensor 43 is installed upstream of the catalyst 42 to detect an exhaust air-fuel ratio. The catalyst 42 includes a catalyst bed temperature sensor 45, which detects a catalyst bed temperature.
The ECU 30 has its output end connected, for instance, to the ignition plug 9, injector 32, throttle motor 34, and transmission 44 in addition to the aforementioned motors 22, 26. The transmission 44 may be either an automatic transmission or a continuously variable transmission. The ECU 30 has its input end connected, for instance, to the crank angle sensor 4, throttle angle sensor 35, accelerator angle sensor 36, air flow meter 37, air-fuel ratio sensor 43, and catalyst bed temperature sensor 45. The ECU 30 calculates an engine speed (also hereinafter referred to as the “engine revolution speed”) NE in accordance with an output from the crank angle sensor 4.
The power supply infrastructure of a hybrid vehicle system can be used to drive the above-mentioned motors 22, 26.
As shown in
The generator 52 and motor 54 are connected to a common inverter 58. The inverter 58 is connected to a boost converter 59. The boost converter 59 is connected to a battery 60. The boost converter 59 converts the voltage (e.g., 201.6 VDC) of the battery 60 to a high voltage (e.g., 500 VDC). The inverter 58 converts the high DC voltage, which is generated by the boost converter 59, to an AC voltage (e.g., 500 VAC). The generator 52 and motor 54 exchange electrical power with the battery 60 through the inverter 58 and boost converter 59.
As shown in
As shown in
The speed reducer 53 includes a motive power outputting gear 66, which is used for transmitting motive power. The motive power outputting gear 66 is coupled to the ring gear 62 of the power distribution mechanism 51. The motive power outputting gear 66 is also coupled to a power transmission gear 68 through a chain 67. The power transmission gear 68 is coupled to a gear 70 through a rotation shaft 69. The gear 70 is coupled to a differential gear (not shown) that rotates the rotation shaft 57 of the driving wheel 55.
The generator 52 includes a rotor 71 and a stator 72. The rotor 71 is mounted on the sun gear shaft 65, which rotates together with the sun gear 61. The generator 52 is configured so that it can be driven not only as an electric motor for rotating the rotor 71 but also as a power generator for generating electromotive force by using the rotation of the rotor 71. Further, the generator 52 functions as a starter at engine startup.
The motor 54 includes a rotor 73 and a stator 74. The rotor 73 is mounted on a ring gear shaft 75, which rotates together with the ring gear 62. The motor 54 is configured so that it not only can function as an electric motor for rotating the rotor 73 but can also be driven as a power generator for generating electromotive force by using the rotation of the rotor 73.
The power distribution mechanism 51 can distribute the motive power of the engine 1, which is input from the carrier 64, to the sun gear 61, which is connected to the generator 52, and to the ring gear 62, which is connected to the rotation shaft 57, in accordance with their gear ratio. The power distribution mechanism 51 can also combine the motive power of the engine 1, which is input from the carrier 64, and the motive power of the generator 52, which is input from the sun gear 61, and output the combined motive power to the ring gear 62. Further, the power distribution mechanism 51 can combine the motive power of the generator 52, which is input from the sun gear 61, and the motive power input from the ring gear 62, and output the combined motive power to the carrier 64.
The ECU 30 calculates the torque required for the overall vehicle in accordance with the rotation speed of the driving wheel 55, which is detected by the wheel speed sensor 56, and the accelerator angle AA, which is detected by the accelerator angle sensor 36. To obtain the torque required for the overall vehicle, the ECU 30 distributes driving force to the engine 1, generator 52, and motor 54 while considering the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 60. In other words, the ECU 30 calculates the torque required for the engine 1 (hereinafter referred to as the “required engine torque”) and the torque required for the generator 52 and motor 54.
The ECU 30 can provide improved fuel efficiency by stopping the engine 1 during deceleration, braking, or low-speed rotation (e.g., at a rotation speed of lower than 1000 rpm).
The variable valve mechanism 10 described above uses the motors 22, 26 to rotate the camshafts 18, 19. The motor rating is determined so as to support the load imposed on the motors. The load imposed on the motors includes, for instance, valve spring reaction force, camshaft rotary inertia force, and friction torque. The spring reaction force, in particular, greatly affects the motor size and rating.
During a valve lift ascent (for valve opening), the cam 14 pushes down a valve spring 12 as shown in
During a valve lift descent (for valve closing), on the other hand, the spring reaction force of the valve spring 12 pushes the cam 14 as shown in
Meanwhile, the motors 22, 26 provide phase control over the cam. It means that the rotation of the cam is synchronized with that of the crankshaft. Conventionally, control is exercised to provide a constant cam rotation speed (half the engine speed NE).
According to Patent Document 1 described above, the use of a torque reduction mechanism reduces the spring torque (spring reaction force). However, the addition of the torque reduction mechanism entails a cost increase. It should also be noted that the use of the torque reduction mechanism results in increased friction torque.
Under the above circumstances, the first embodiment increases the rotary inertia force of the camshaft 18 (hereinafter referred to as the “camshaft rotary inertia force”) before the start of a valve lift, as described in detail below. The camshaft rotary inertia force is employed to cancel the spring reaction force of the valve spring 12.
First of all, as shown in
During a valve lift ascent (during the time interval between the instant at which the lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift is provided), the spring reaction force oriented in a direction opposite the direction of cam rotation acts on the camshaft 18 as shown in
During a subsequent valve lift descent (during the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift is provided and the instant at which the lift is terminated), the spring reaction force oriented in the same direction as the direction of cam rotation acts on the camshaft 18 as shown in
During a subsequent cam base circle slide, the cam rotation speed is controlled and rendered equal to the engine speed NE×½+correction term α in order to synchronize the cam rotation phase with the rotation of the crankshaft 3 as shown in
As described above, the camshaft rotary inertia force cancels the spring reaction force in the first embodiment. During the interval between the start of a lift and the end of the lift, therefore, it is necessary that only the counter-friction torque be generated by the motor as shown in
When the engine speed NE is 1000 rpm (that is, when the engine speed is low), the cam rotation speed and camshaft rotation speed are lower than when the engine speed is high, as indicated in the upper half of
The first embodiment controls the motor position so as to obtain the indicated lift curves. More concretely, lift curve maps indicated in the upper halves of
When the motor is driven so as to obtain the lift curves shown in the upper half of
Further, an increase in the engine speed NE reduces not only the difference between conventional lift curves and lift curves according to the present invention but also the correction term α for the cam rotation speed.
As described above, the first embodiment can reduce the spring reaction force between the start and end of a lift by allowing the camshaft rotary inertia force to cancel the spring reaction force. Thus, only the counter-friction torque becomes the motor toque during a valve lift. Consequently, the power consumption and rating of the motor can be reduced. This makes it possible to drive the motor with only the power supply for a normal engine system and without having to use the power supply infrastructure of a hybrid system.
Further, the first embodiment can reduce the power consumption and rating of the motor without using a torque reduction mechanism disclosed, for instance, in Patent Document 1 described above. This makes it possible to achieve cost reduction and avoid an increase in the friction torque.
A first modification of the first embodiment will now be described with reference to
In the first embodiment, the cam rotation speed is constant during a cam base circle slide (see
To further reduce the power consumption and rating of the motor, the first modification generates a motor torque so that the camshaft rotary inertia force reaches the predetermined value during a cam base circle slide after the end of a lift. Since the spring reaction force does not act on the camshaft during a cam base circle slide, a small motor torque can increase the camshaft rotary inertia force to the predetermined value. This makes it possible to reduce the motor rating.
Further, the motor may be required to generate torque during a lift so that the camshaft rotary inertia force reaches the predetermined value at the end of a lift. This causes the motor to generate the counter-spring-reaction-force torque during a lift as in a conventional manner. In marked contrast to the conventional case, however, part of the spring reaction force is cancelled by the camshaft rotary inertia force. Therefore, the counter-spring-reaction-force torque required to the motor to generate is smaller than in the conventional case. As a result, the power consumption and rating of the motor can be made lower than in the conventional case.
In the first embodiment, the spring reaction force and camshaft rotary inertia force are completely cancelled.
In the second modification, the value (the predetermined value) representing the camshaft rotary inertia force exerted before the start of a valve lift is set to be smaller than indicated in
In the first embodiment and its modifications, the engine 1 corresponds to the “internal combustion engine” according to the first aspect of the present invention; the variable valve mechanism 10 corresponds to the “variable valve mechanism” according to the first aspect of the present invention; and the ECU 30 corresponds to the “control means” according to the first to fifth aspects and the ninth to twelfth aspects of the present invention. Further, in the first embodiment and its modifications, the valve spring 12 corresponds to the “valve spring” according to the first aspect of the present invention; the valve 11 corresponds to the “valve” according to the first aspect of the present invention; the cams 14-17 correspond to the “cam” according to the first aspect of the present invention; the camshafts 18, 19 correspond to the “camshaft” according to the first aspect of the present invention; and the electric motors 22, 26 correspond to the “electric motor” according to the first aspect of the present invention.
A second embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
The first embodiment has been described in conjunction with a case where the cams 14-17 are driven in the normal rotation drive mode. On the other hand, the second embodiment will be described in conjunction with a case where the cams 14-17 are driven in the swing drive mode. As described with reference to
During a cam base circle slide shown in
During a subsequent valve lift ascent (from a lift starts to the maximum lift), the spring reaction force oriented in a direction opposite the direction of cam rotation acts on the camshaft 18 as shown in
During a subsequent valve lift descent (from the maximum lift to a termination of the lift), the spring reaction force oriented in the same direction as the direction of cam rotation acts on the camshaft 18 as shown in
In the second embodiment, the camshaft rotary inertia force cancels the spring reaction force as described above. Therefore, only the counter-friction torque needs to be generated by the motor, as shown in
As described above, the second embodiment can reduce the spring reaction force during the interval between the start and end of a lift by allowing the camshaft rotary inertia force to cancel the spring reaction force even in the swing drive mode. Therefore, the second embodiment provides the same advantages as the first embodiment, which has been described earlier.
A third embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
In a low rotation speed region where, for example, the engine speed NE is equal to or lower than 2000 rpm, the camshaft rotary inertia force is smaller than in a high rotation speed region. Therefore, in a case where the camshaft rotary inertia force is employed to cancel the spring reaction force as in the present invention, change amount in the camshaft rotary inertia force due to the spring reaction force becomes large. In such an instance, the actual operating angle is larger in the low rotation speed region than in the high rotation speed region as indicated in
A solid line in
Meanwhile, when the actual operating angle increases, the Atkinson cycle is implemented so that the fuel efficiency improves, although the torque decreases. If, in this instance, a great driving force is requested in such a low rotation speed region, the driving force may not be generated in compliance with such a driving force request.
As such being the case, the third embodiment shifts the engine speed NE toward a high rotation speed side if the requested driving force is equal to or more than a predetermined value while the engine speed is in a low rotation speed region.
The actual operating angle can be made smaller than in a low rotation speed region by shifting the engine speed NE toward a high rotation speed side. Therefore, an actual compression ratio can be increased to increase the torque. Consequently, the driving force can be generated in compliance with a driving force request even when a great driving force is requested.
In the third embodiment, the power distribution mechanism 51 shifts the engine speed NE toward a high rotation speed side. Alternatively, however, the engine speed NE may be shifted toward a high rotation speed side by controlling the speed reduction ratio of the speed reducer 44. Even when the ECU 30 exercises speed reduction ratio control, the actual compression ratio can be increased; therefore, it is possible to provide the same advantages as the third embodiment.
In the third embodiment and its modification, the power distribution mechanism 51 and transmission 44 correspond to the “engine speed change means” according to the sixth aspect of the present invention.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
As described in conjunction with the third embodiment, when the camshaft rotary inertia force is employed to cancel the spring reaction force as in the present invention, the amount of camshaft rotary inertia force change increases in a low rotation speed region. As a result, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle is greater in the low rotation speed region than in the high rotation speed region.
As regards an engine that places emphasis on fuel efficiency in the low rotation speed region, the Atkinson cycle is implemented; therefore, no particular problem arises no matter whether the enlargement range for the actual operating angle is great. For an engine that places emphasis on torque in the low rotation speed region, on the other hand, it is preferred that the enlargement range for the actual operating angle be minimized to obtain the actual compression ratio.
Meanwhile, if the camshaft rotary inertia force can be increased, change in the camshaft rotary inertia force during a valve lift caused by the spring reaction force decreases. As a result, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle can be reduced.
In the fourth embodiment, the weight 27 is attached to an end of the camshaft 18. The addition of the weight 27 provides a greater camshaft rotary inertia force than when the weight 27 is not added. Therefore, the enlargement range for the actual operating angle in the low rotation speed region can be made smaller than when the weight 27 is not added. Consequently, the actual compression ratio can be obtained in the low rotation speed region as well. This makes it possible to obtain an adequate torque.
Further, the heavier the weight 27, the smaller the amount of camshaft rotary inertia force change, and thus the smaller the enlargement range for the actual operating angle in the low rotation speed region. Therefore, a desired torque (according to a design value) can be obtained in the low rotation speed region by adjusting the weight of the weight 27.
In the fourth embodiment, the weight 27 is attached to an end of the camshaft 18. However, the weight 27 may alternatively be attached to an end of a motor drive shaft 26A as shown in
Further, the spring constant of the valve spring 12 may be greater than its design value. In such an instance, it may not be possible to minimize the motor torque by exercising motor control so as to obtain the lift curves shown in the upper halves of
In the fourth embodiment and its modifications, the camshaft 18, gears 23, 24, 25, and motor 26 correspond to the “cam drive system” according to the seventh aspect of the present invention; and the weight 27 corresponds to the “inertia force increase section” according to the seventh aspect of the present invention.
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
If the hydraulic pressure applied to the oil passage 28A through the oil passage 18A is smaller than the biasing force of the spring 28C, the weight 28B is biased toward the inside of the camshaft 18. If, on the other hand, the hydraulic pressure applied to the oil passage 28A is greater than the biasing force of the spring 28C, the weight 28B moves outward.
The power consumption and rating of the motor can be reduced by allowing the camshaft rotary inertia force to cancel the spring reaction force as described above.
Meanwhile, the variable valve mechanism 10 shown in
However, when the motor rating is reduced, no more extra motor torque exists so that it may be impossible to change the operating angle particularly in the low rotation speed region. Further, if an attempt is made to obtain extra motor torque, the motor rating becomes as high as in the conventional case.
Therefore, when the operating angle is to be decreased within the low rotation speed region, the fifth embodiment moves the weight 28B outward by applying engine oil pressure to the oil passage 28A. The camshaft rotary inertia force can then be increased. This makes it possible to reduce the aforementioned enlargement range for the actual operating angle and switch to a small operating angle.
When, on the other hand, the operating angle is to be increased within the low rotation speed region, the fifth embodiment moves the weight 28B inward by applying no engine oil pressure to the oil passage 28A. The camshaft rotary inertia force can then be decreased. This makes it possible to increase the aforementioned enlargement range for the actual operating angle and switch to a large operating angle.
Consequently, even when the motor rating is low, the fifth embodiment can change the camshaft rotary inertia force by repositioning the weight 28B. As a result, the operating angle can be changed.
In the fifth embodiment, the inertia force change mechanism 28 corresponds to the “inertia force change mechanism” according to the eighth aspect of the present invention.
A sixth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
The first and second embodiments have been described in conjunction with motor drive control that is initiated when the cam and camshaft are rotating.
The sixth embodiment will be described in conjunction with motor drive control that is initiated when the cam and camshaft are stopped.
As shown in
During a subsequent cam base circle slide, that is, during the time interval between the instant at which startup begins and the instant at which a lift is about to begin, the cam rotation speed is raised to a target value. As a result, the camshaft rotary inertia force reaches a predetermined value. In this instance, no spring reaction force acts on the camshaft. Therefore, acceleration can be achieved by a smaller motor torque than when acceleration is achieved during a valve lift. When an extra motor torque is available, the acceleration is executed slowly so that the cam rotation speed reaches the target value at the beginning of a lift. The reason is that slow acceleration requires less motor power consumption than sudden acceleration.
During the subsequent time interval between the instant at which a lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift is provided, only the counter-friction torque is required to the motor to generate without requiring the motor to generate the counter-spring-reaction-force torque. Therefore, the spring reaction force decreases the cam rotation speed, thereby gradually decreasing the camshaft rotary inertia force.
During the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift is provided and the instant at which a valve lift terminates, only the counter-friction torque is required to the motor to generate also without requiring the motor to generate the counter-spring-reaction-force torque. Therefore, the spring reaction force increases the cam rotation speed, thereby gradually increasing the camshaft rotary inertia force. Since the cam rotation speed reaches the aforementioned target value again at the end of a valve lift, the camshaft rotary inertia force reaches the predetermined value again.
As described above, the sixth embodiment increases the cam rotation speed before the start of a lift to increase the camshaft rotary inertia force to a value equal to or more than the predetermined value, thereby allowing the camshaft rotary inertia force to cancel the spring reaction force. Therefore, it is necessary that only the counter-friction torque be generated by the motor during a valve lift as shown in
In the sixth embodiment, the ECU 30 corresponds to the “control means” according to the ninth aspect of the present invention.
A seventh embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
In the sixth embodiment described earlier, the motor torque for increasing the cam rotation speed before the start of a lift is greater than the motor torque used during a valve lift. In such an instance, the power consumption and rating of the motor are determined by the motor torque used at the beginning of cam drive.
As such being the case, the seventh embodiment will be described in conjunction with a method of reducing the motor torque during the time for cam drive start (that is, during the time for cam rotation speed acceleration before the start of a lift)
As shown in
During the subsequent time interval between the instant at which a lift starts and the instant at which the maximum lift is provided, only the counter-friction torque is required to the motor to generate without requiring the motor to generate the counter-spring-reaction-force torque. Therefore, the spring reaction force decreases the cam rotation speed, thereby gradually decreasing the camshaft rotary inertia force.
Before the start of a lift, the cam rotation speed is merely raised to the initial target value. If this condition is allowed to continue, the cam rotation speed does not reach the target value at the end of a lift. Therefore, the torque for raising the cam rotation speed is required to the motor to generate during the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift is provided and the instant at which a valve lift terminates. The motor torque required in this stage is equal to or smaller than the motor torque required before the start of a lift. Generating such motor torque ensures that the cam rotation speed reaches the target value at the end of a lift.
As described above, the seventh embodiment increases the cam rotation speed to the initial target value, which represents a lower cam rotation speed than the target value, before the start of a lift, and generates motor torque during a cam lift so that the cam rotation speed reaches the target value at the end of a lift. Therefore, the motor torque required for the start of cam drive is smaller in the seventh embodiment than in the sixth embodiment. Consequently, the power consumption and rating of the motor can be reduced.
In the seventh embodiment, the ECU 30 corresponds to the “control means” according to the tenth aspect of the present invention.
An eighth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
At the time of engine startup, no camshaft rotary inertia force exists. If the camshaft rotary inertia force is smaller than a peak torque Tp shown in
In the seventh embodiment, which has been described earlier, the cam rotation speed is raised to the initial target value by imparting motor torque to the camshaft during a cam base circle slide, that is, during the time interval between the instant at which engine startup begins and the instant at which a valve lift is about to begin. Subsequently, the cam rotation speed is raised to the final target value by imparting motor torque during the time interval between the instant at which the maximum lift is provided and the instant at which the valve lift terminates. As described above, the motor torque is imparted in two steps to reduce the motor rating and increase the camshaft rotary inertia force to a value not smaller than the peak torque Tp.
The eighth embodiment will be described in conjunction with a method for further reducing the motor rating than that in the seventh embodiment, which has been described earlier.
At time t0, which is indicated in
During a subsequent valve lift between time t1 and time t2, no motor torque is imparted to the camshaft. Then, during the interval between time t2 at which the valve lift for the first cylinder #1 terminates and time t3 at which a valve lift for the fourth cylinder #4 starts, motor torque oriented in a direction opposite the torquing direction employed between time t0 and time t1 is imparted to the camshaft. This ensures that the cam rotation speed at time t3 is higher than the cam rotation speed at time t1. As a result, the camshaft rotary inertia force at time t3 is greater than the camshaft rotary inertia force at time t1. The cam phase then increases to increase the cam swing range.
During the subsequent interval between time t4 at which the valve lift for the fourth cylinder #4 terminates and time t5 at which a valve lift for the first cylinder #1 starts, motor torque oriented in a direction opposite the torquing direction used between time t2 and time t3 is imparted to the camshaft. This ensures that the cam rotation speed at time t5 is higher than the cam rotation speed at time t3. As a result, the camshaft rotary inertia force at time t5 is greater than the camshaft rotary inertia force at time t3. As a result, the cam phase further increases so as to further increase the cam swing range.
During a subsequent cam base circle slide between time t6 and time t7, between time t8 and time t9, and between time t10 and time t11, motor torque is imparted to the camshaft in the same manner as described above. Then, the cam rotation speed increases as the time elapses from t7 through t9 to t11, thereby gradually increasing the camshaft rotary inertia force. As a result, the cam phase gradually increases so as to gradually increase the cam swing range. This causes the valve lift amount to gradually increase.
When the camshaft rotary inertia force necessary for driving the cam in a normal rotation direction is obtained at time t11, switching is made at time t12 to drive the cam in a normal rotation direction. In other words, normal rotation drive of the cam synchronizing with crankshaft rotation arises after time t12.
As described above, the eighth embodiment gradually increases the cam rotation speed by imparting motor torque to the camshaft so as to drive the cam to swing during a cam base circle slide after the beginning of engine startup. As a result, the cam phase gradually increases to gradually increase the camshaft rotary inertia force. When the camshaft rotary inertia force later reaches a predetermined value necessary for normal rotation drive, normal rotation drive of the cam synchronizing with crankshaft rotation arises. When the camshaft rotary inertia force is gradually accumulated while the cam is driven to swing as described above, a predetermined value (peak torque) necessary for normal rotation drive can be attained even using a motor with a low rating. Therefore, the eighth embodiment can provide lower motor resistance than the seventh embodiment, which has been described earlier.
A ninth embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to
The hardware shown in
The eighth embodiment, which has been described earlier, gradually increases the cam swing range (phase) at engine startup to increase the cam rotation speed and camshaft rotary inertia force, and then switches the cam from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode. In the eighth embodiment, however, no motor torque is imparted to the camshaft during a valve lift. This scheme is employed to reduce the power consumption of the motor during a valve lift.
An engine startup request is not only generated in compliance with an acceleration request, which is based on a vehicle driver's accelerator operation, but also generated in compliance with a catalyst warm-up request, which is issued when the catalyst bed temperature is low. If the catalyst bed temperature is not higher than a predetermined value while the engine is stopped, the ECU 30 judges that an engine startup request is generated in accordance with a catalyst warm-up request. The catalyst bed temperature can be detected by the catalyst bed temperature sensor 45 shown in
When an engine startup request is generated in accordance with an acceleration request, it is necessary to start the engine in a short period of time. To achieve engine startup in a short period of time, it is preferred that the cam is switched from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode in a short period of time. The reason is that the normal rotation drive mode for the cam provides a larger time area and higher intake performance than the swing drive mode.
When, on the other hand, an engine startup request is generated in accordance with a catalyst warm-up request, there is no need to start the engine in a short period of time unlike in the case of the aforementioned engine startup request based on an acceleration request.
However, if the accelerator angle is significantly small, it is not always necessary to start the engine in a short period of time no matter when an engine startup request is generated in accordance with an acceleration request.
Under the above circumstances, the ninth embodiment determines whether or not to impart motor torque to the camshaft during a valve lift in accordance with the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the engine startup request. In other words, the ninth embodiment changes a motor assist pattern in accordance with the engine startup request.
More specifically, the degree of requested acceleration is small when an engine startup request is generated in accordance with a catalyst warm-up request. In this instance, therefore, no motor torque is imparted to the camshaft during a valve lift as indicated in
When an engine startup request based on a catalyst warm-up request is acquired, an engine startup sequence begins at time t20, which is shown in
During a subsequent cam base circle slide between time t23 at which the valve lift terminates and time t24 at which a valve lift for the fourth cylinder #4 starts, motor torque oriented in the same direction as the camshaft rotation direction is imparted. As a result, the motor angular velocity (absolute value) at time t24 is higher than the motor angular velocity (absolute value) at time t21.
During a subsequent valve lift between time t24 and time t26, no motor torque is imparted to the camshaft as is the case with the interval between time t21 and time t23. Therefore, the spring reaction force oriented in a direction opposite the camshaft rotation direction reduces the motor angular velocity and camshaft rotation speed before the maximum lift is provided at time t25. After time 25, the camshaft rotation direction reverses so that the spring reaction force oriented in the same direction as the camshaft rotation direction increases the motor angular velocity and camshaft rotation speed.
During a subsequent cam base circle slide after time t26 at which the valve lift terminates, motor torque oriented in the same direction as the camshaft rotation direction is imparted. As a result, the motor angular velocity and camshaft rotation speed for normal rotation drive are reached at time t27. Therefore, the motor torque is changed to a torque composed of friction torque only. After time t27, the cam is switched to the normal rotation drive mode, and control is exercised to synchronize the cam with the crankshaft. Consequently, the cam is driven in a normal rotation direction to perform a valve lift for the first cylinder #1 during the interval between time t28 and time t30. This makes it possible to perform ignition for the first cylinder #1.
On the other hand, when an engine startup request based on an acceleration request is acquired, motor torque is imparted to the camshaft during a valve lift as shown in
When an engine startup request based on an acceleration request is acquired, an engine startup sequence begins at time t40, which is shown in
During a subsequent valve lift between time t41 and time t43, motor torque is also imparted to the camshaft unlike in the case shown in
During a subsequent cam base circle slide after time t43 at which the valve lift terminates, the same motor torque as for the interval between time t42 and time t43 is imparted. As a result, the motor angular velocity and camshaft rotation speed for normal rotation drive are reached at time t44. Therefore, the motor torque is changed to a torque composed of friction torque only. The interval between time t40 and time t44 is shorter than the interval between time t20 and time t27, which are shown in
After time t44, the cam is switched to the normal rotation drive mode, and control is exercised to synchronize the cam with the crankshaft. Consequently, a valve lift is performed for the first cylinder #1 during the interval between time t45 and time t47. This makes it possible to perform ignition for the first cylinder #1.
First of all, the routine shown in
If it is judged in step 100 that an engine startup request is generated, the engine startup request is acquired (step 102). Next, it is judge whether the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the engine startup request acquired in step 102 is equal to or larger than a predetermined value (step 104). Step 104 is performed to judge whether engine startup in a short period of time is requested. More specifically, this step is performed to judge whether the accelerator angle is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.
If it is judged in step 104 that the degree of requested acceleration is smaller than the predetermined value in a situation, for instance, where the accelerator pedal is slightly stepped on or where catalyst warm-up is requested with the accelerator pedal insignificantly stepped on, it is concluded that engine startup in a short period of time is not requested. In this instance, motor torque is imparted to the camshaft only during a cam base circle slide (step 106). In step 106, motor torque control shown, for instance, in
If, on the other hand, it is judged in step 104 that the degree of requested acceleration is equal to or more than the predetermined value in a situation, for instance, where the accelerator pedal is considerably stepped on, it is concluded that engine startup in a short period of time is requested. In other words, it is concluded that the cam needs to be driven in a normal rotation direction in a short period of time. In this instance, motor torque is imparted to the camshaft not only during a cam base circle slide but also during a valve lift (step 108). In step 108, motor torque control shown, for instance, in
After completion of step 106 or 108, it is judge whether the camshaft rotary inertia force is equal to or more than a predetermined value (step 110). The predetermined value (that is, the peak torque) represents the camshaft rotary inertia force required for driving the cam in a normal rotation direction and is used as a reference value for judging whether it is possible to switch the cam from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode. If it is judged in step 110 that the camshaft rotary inertia force is smaller than the predetermined value, flow returns to step 110. If, on the other hand, it is judged in step 110 that the camshaft rotary inertia force is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the camshaft is placed in the normal rotation drive mode and control for synchronizing the camshaft with the rotation of the crankshaft is exercised (step 112). Upon completion of step 112, the routine terminates.
As described above, when the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the engine startup request is high, the ninth embodiment imparts motor torque not only during a cam base circle slide but also during a valve lift. Since this allows the camshaft rotary inertia force to increase in a short period of time, it is possible to switch from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode in a short period of time. As a result, a high degree of requested acceleration can be achieved in compliance with a request. When, on the other hand, the degree of requested acceleration indicated by the engine startup request is low, the ninth embodiment imparts motor torque only during a cam base circle slide. Since this causes the cam to be switched from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode in a relatively long period of time, the power consumption of the motor can be reduced. Consequently, the ninth embodiment can not only reduce the motor rating but also switch from the swing drive mode to the normal rotation drive mode with optimum timing according to the degree of requested acceleration.
In the ninth embodiment, the “control means” according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is implemented when the ECU 30 performs steps 108, 110, and 112; the “startup request acquisition means” according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention is implemented when the ECU 30 performs step 102; the “control means” according to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention is implemented when the ECU 30 performs steps 104, 106, and 108; the “judgment means” according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is implemented when the ECU 30 performs step 104; and the “control means” according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is implemented when the ECU 30 performs steps 106 and 108.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-072220 | Mar 2007 | JP | national |
| 2008-011830 | Jan 2008 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2008/054142 | 3/7/2008 | WO | 00 | 11/13/2008 |
