Patent Grant
11448856
The aspect of the embodiments relates to a converter lens, an interchangeable lens, and an image pickup apparatus.
There is known a rear converter lens (denoted as converter lens below) capable of increasing the focal length of an entire system when being arranged between an interchangeable lens and an image pickup apparatus.
US2017/0277022 discloses a converter lens including five negative lenses and a focal length enlarging magnification of 2.0.
Generally, a converter lens has a negative refractive power and the negative refractive power tends to increase along with an increase in focal length enlarging magnification. Further, there has been known that when the curvature of a negative lens in a converter lens is increased in order to increase the negative refractive power, aberrations such as coma aberration due to off-axis light easily occur.
Further, the converter lens does not include an aperture stop, and thus an off-axis light passing through a master lens in an interchangeable lens enters an image plane although its principal light does not cross with an optical axis of the converter lens. Aberration correction cannot be made by the lenses arranged before and after the aperture stop like the interchangeable lens, and thus the aberration correction is likely to be difficult to make by the converter lens.
According to the aspect of the embodiments, a converter lens has a negative refractive power and increases a focal length of an entire system when arranged on an image side of a master lens. The converter lens consists of: a first lens unit having positive refractive power; and a second lens unit having negative refractive power and arranged on an image side of the first lens unit, in which the first lens unit consists of a negative lens and a first positive lens, three or more negative lenses are included in the converter lens, and the following conditional equation is satisfied:
1.92<Ndave<2.10.
where Ndave represents an average refractive index at a d-line of a material of all negative lenses included in the converter lens.
Further features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to the attached drawings).
Converter lenses according to embodiments of the disclosure and an image pickup apparatus will be described below in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
When the refractive indexes of d-line (587.56 nm), F-line (486.13 nm), and C-line (656.27 nm) in the Fraunhofer lines are respectively represented as Nd, NF, and NC, the Abbe constant vd of a material is expressed as follows:
vd=(Nd−1)/(NF−NC).
A converter lens according to each embodiment is arranged between an image pickup apparatus and an interchangeable lens detachable from the image pickup apparatus, for example. A converter lens according to each embodiment can further increase the focal length of an imaging optical system (entire system) consisting of an optical system of the interchangeable lens and the converter lens than the focal length when the imaging optical system is configured of only the interchangeable lens.
The left side is an object side (front) and the right side is an image side (rear) in the cross-section views of the converter lens illustrated in
When the image pickup apparatus is a digital video camera or a digital camera, an image plane IP corresponds to an imaging device (photoelectric conversion device) such as CCD sensor or CMOS sensor. When the image pickup apparatus is a silver-halide film camera, the image plane IP corresponds to a film surface.
As described above, in a converter lens entirely having a negative refractive power, aberrations such as coma aberration due to off-axis light easily occur and is likely to be difficult to correct.
Thus, the converter lenses according to the embodiments entirely have a negative refractive power and include three or more negative lenses. Then, the average refractive index of a material of the negative lenses included in a converter lens is made relatively higher thereby to decrease the curvature of each lens surface and to restrict an occurrence of aberrations such as coma aberration due to off-axis light.
Specifically, when Ndave represents the average refractive index at the d-line (wavelength of 587.56 nm) of the material of all the negative lenses included in the converter lens, the following conditional equation is satisfied:
1.92<Ndave<2.10 (1).
When the average refractive index of the material of the lenses lowers the lower limit of the conditional equation (1), the Petzval sum can be set to be small, and the image curvature and the like are easy to correct. However, undesirably the curvatures of the surfaces of the lenses increase, and aberrations such as coma aberration are difficult to correct.
When the average refractive index of the material increases, the dispersion of the glass material generally increases. Thus, when the average refractive index of the material of the negative lenses is higher than the upper limit of the conditional equation (1), undesirably magnification chromatic aberration is difficult to correct.
In this way, the converter lenses according to the embodiments meet the above lens configuration and the conditional equation (1), and thus aberration due to off-axis light such as coma aberration can be corrected, and high optical performance can be obtained also when the converter lenses are mounted on the master lens.
Further, the converter lenses according to the present embodiments are used so that the master lens for an image pickup apparatus including an imaging device with a low maximum image height can be used by a user without a feeling of strangeness in terms of aberration even when it is used for an image pickup apparatus including an imaging device with a high maximum image height.
In one embodiment, the numerical range of the conditional equation (1) is set as follows:
1.95<Ndave<2.08 (1a).
Further, the numerical range of the conditional equation (1) is set as follows:
1.98<Ndave<2.05 (1b).
Further, a converter lens may include three or more negative lenses and more preferably four or more negative lenses in a second lens unit.
Further, a converter lens meets one or more of the following conditional equations:
1.30<(R1+R2)/(R1−R2)<2.50 (2)
0.10<sk/TD<0.50 (3)
−2.30<f1/f2<−0.95 (4)
−1.40<f1/f<−0.30 (5)
The curvature radius of the surface on the object side of the lens arranged closest to the image side is represented as R1, and the curvature radius of the surface on the image side of the lens is represented as R2. The air-converted length from the surface of the converter lens closest to the image side to the image plane when the converter lens is arranged on the image side of the master lens is represented as sk, and the length on an optical axis from the surface of the converter lens closest to the object side to the surface closest to the image side is represented as TD. The focal length of a first lens unit is represented as f1, the focal length of a second lens unit is represented as f2, and the focal length of the converter lens is represented as f. Here, the first lens unit consists of one negative lens and one positive lens. The conditional equation (2) defines a shape of the positive lens in the converter lens arranged closest to the image side. In one embodiment, the curvature radius of one surface is larger than that of the other surface in order to largely refract an off-axis light and to restrict an occurrence of aberration. Thereby, an off-axis light can be further refracted than an on-axis light and aberrations due to an off-axis light can be easily corrected while an occurrence of aberration is restricted.
The conditional equation (2) is defined in terms of the above points. When a difference between the curvature of the surface on the image side and the curvature of the surface on the object side is larger to be below the lower limit of the conditional equation (2), undesirably the field curvature enters under-correction. When a difference between the curvature of the surface on the image side and the curvature of the surface on the object side is smaller to be over the upper limit of the conditional equation (2), undesirably the field curvature enters over-correction.
The conditional equation (3) defines a ratio of backfocus of the converter lens relative to the length (lens structure length) from the surface on the object side of the lens arranged closest to the object side to the surface on the image side arranged closest to the image side. Undesirably the lens structure length is longer when the conditional equation (3) is lowered. When the lens structure length is shorter to be over the conditional equation (3), undesirably the refractive power of each lens is higher and spherical aberration is difficult to correct.
The conditional equation (4) defines a ratio of the focal length of the first lens unit relative to the focal length of the second lens unit. When the lower limit of the conditional equation (4) is lowered, undesirably spherical aberration largely occurs to be over-correction and is difficult to correct. When the upper limit of the conditional equation (4) is exceeded, undesirably spherical aberration largely occurs to be under-correction and is difficult to correct.
The conditional equation (5) defines a ratio of the focal length of the first lens unit relative to the focal length of the converter lens. When the absolute value of the focal length of the first lens unit is larger to be below the lower limit of the conditional equation (5) and the refractive power is lower, undesirably spherical aberration occurs to be over-correction. When the absolute value of the focal length of the first lens unit is lower to be over the upper limit of the conditional equation (5) and the refractive power is higher, undesirably spherical aberration occurs to be under-correction.
Further, the numerical ranges of the conditional equations (2) to (5) are set as follows:
1.40<(R1+R2)/(R1−R2)<2.30 (2a)
0.15<sk/TD<0.40 (3a)
−2.10<f1/f2<−1.00 (4a)
−1.20<f1/f<−0.32 (5a).
Further, the numerical ranges of the conditional equations (2) to (5) are set as follows:
1.50<(R1+R2)/(R1−R2)<2.10 (2b)
0.25<sk/TD<0.35 (3b)
−1.90<f1/f2<−1.10 (4b)
−1.10<f1/f<−0.34 (5b).
At least one of the above conditional equations is satisfied, higher optical performance can be obtained in the entire system even when the converter lens is arranged on the image side of the master lens.
In one embodiment, the first lens unit consists of a cemented lens in which one negative lens and one positive lens are bonded. Thereby, an occurrence of chromatic aberration can be restricted.
The master lens according to an embodiment and the converter lenses according to the embodiments will be described below.
[Converter Lens]
The converter lenses according to the first to sixth embodiments will be described below.
A first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
A second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens, a positive lens, and a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged on the image side of the cemented lens. That is, the converter lens RCL includes three negative lenses.
A first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
A second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens and a positive lens, a negative lens, a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged from the object side toward the image side in this order. That is, the converter lens RCL includes four negative lenses.
The first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
The second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens and a positive lens, a negative lens, a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged from the object side toward the image side in this order. That is, the converter lens RCL includes four negative lenses.
The first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
The second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens and a positive lens, a negative lens, a negative lens, a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged from the object side toward the image side in this order. That is, the converter lens RCL includes five negative lenses.
The first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
The second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens, a positive lens, and a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged on the image side of the cemented lens. That is, the converter lens RCL includes three negative lenses.
The first lens unit is configured of a cemented lens of a negative lens G1 and a positive lens G2.
The second lens unit consists of a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens, a positive lens, and a negative lens, and a positive lens arranged on the image side of the cemented lens. That is, the converter lens RCL includes three negative lenses.
[Master Lens]
The master lens ML is a fixed focal length lens consisting of an aperture stop SP, a front lens group Lf arranged on the object side of the aperture stop SP, and a rear lens group Lr arranged on the image side of the aperture stop SP. The F-number of the master lens ML is 2.88, and the half angle of view thereof is 29 degrees. The above-described master lens ML is exemplary, and any other optical system capable of forming an image on the image plane may be employed.
A numerical embodiment of the master lens ML, and first to sixth numerical embodiments corresponding to the converter lenses RCL according to the first to sixth embodiments, respectively, will be described.
In each numerical embodiment, a surface number indicates an order of an optical surface from the object side. The definition of reference symbols are as described above, where r indicates a curvature radius (mm) of an optical surface, d at a surface number i indicates an interval (mm) between an i-th optical surface and an i+1-th optical surface, nd indicates a refractive index of a material of an optical member at the d-line, and vd indicates an Abbe number of a material of an optical member with respect to the d-line.
BF indicates backfocus. Backfocus denotes a length on an optical axis from the surface closest to the image side to a paraxial image plane in air-converted length.
A lens full length of the master lens ML is a length in which a length on an optical axis from a surface (first lens surface) of the master lens ML closest to the object side to a surface (final lens surface) of the master lens ML closest to the image side is added with backfocus. A lens full length when a converter lens RCL is arranged on the image side of the master lens ML is a length in which a length on an optical axis from the surface of the master lens ML closest to the object side to the surface of the converter lens RCL closest to the image side is added with backfocus of the converter lens RCL.
A lens interval between the master lens and the converter lens is a length on an optical axis from the surface of the master lens closest to the image side to the surface of the converter lens closest to the object side. The interval between the master lens and the converter lens is denoted in air-converted length. An enlarging magnification is a ratio of the focal length of the entire system when the master lens and the converter lens are employed relative to the focal length of the master lens.
A lens structure length of the converter lens is a length on an optical axis from the surface of the converter lens closest to the object side to the surface of the converter lens closest to the image side.
An effective aperture is an aperture in a range in which an on-axis light and an off-axis light pass. An incident pupil position is a length from the surface closest to the object side to the incident pupil, and an exit pupil position is a length from the surface closest to the image side to the exit pupil. A front principal point position is a length from the surface closest to the object side to the front principal point, and a rear principal point position is a length from the surface closest to the image side to the rear principal point. Each numerical value of the front principal point position and the rear principal point position is the paraxial amount, and its symbol assumes a direction from the object side toward the image side as positive.
When the optical surface is aspherical, a symbol * is denoted on the right of a surface number. Assuming x for the displacement amount from a surface vertex in an optical axis direction, h for the height from an optical axis in a direction vertical to the optical axis, R for a paraxial curvature radius, k for a conic constant, and A4, A6, A8, A10, and A12 for an aspherical coefficient of each order, an aspherical shape is expressed as follows:
x=(h2/R)/[1+{1−(1+k)(h/R)2}1/2+A4×h4+A6×h6+A8×h8+A10×h10+A12×h12.
“e±XX” at each aspherical coefficient indicates “×10±XX.” The physical amounts used in the abovementioned conditional equations according to the first to sixth numerical embodiments are indicated in [Table 1], and the values corresponding to the respective conditional equations are indicated in [Table 2].
The lengths in the following numerical embodiments are expressed in mm and the angles are expressed in degrees, but the lengths may be expressed in other unit since the optical system can be used to be proportionally increased or proportionally decreased.
[Master lens]—For all of first to sixth numerical embodiments of converter lenses
In mm
In mm
In mm
In mm
In mm
In mm
In mm
When the master lens ML and the converter lens RCL are integrally configured with the camera main body 13, the converter lens RCL is configured to be able to be inserted on an optical axis.
The aspect of the embodiments is applicable to an interchangeable lens in which the master lens ML and the converter lens RCL are configured in the same barrel and which is detachable from the image pickup apparatus. The interchangeable lens may be a fixed focal length lens with fixed focal length, or may be a zoom lens with variable focal length. In this case, the converter lens RCL is configured to be able to be inserted on an optical axis. The converter lens RCL is arranged on an optical axis or off an optical axis in response to a user instruction via an operation member or user interface.
Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure have been described above, but the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and examples, and can be variously combined, modified, and change within the scope of the spirit.
While the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-121364 filed Jun. 26, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018-121364 | Jun 2018 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160274443 | Ogata | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20170277022 | Ori | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-191761 | Nov 2016 | JP |
| 2018-60093 | Apr 2018 | JP |
| 2017134928 | Aug 2017 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20190391364 A1 | Dec 2019 | US |
