COOLING APPAREL

TECHNICAL FIELD
Field of Use

This disclosure relates to portable cooling systems. More specifically, this disclosure relates to cooling apparel and other cooling devices that can wrap around and physically touch a body of a user.

Related Art

Elevated temperatures in work or leisure activities can, among other risks, increase error rates, reduce productivity, and increase risk of injury, including serious injury and even death. As indicated by the International Labor Organization (ILO), for example, by the year 2030 an increase in heat stress is expected to result in global productivity losses equivalent to 80 million full-time jobs. Increased heat can affect productivity because it also negatively impacts learning capabilities and labor force development in the world market. While a variety of personal and even wearable cooling systems have been developed, they often have low cooling efficiency, must be worn on the outside of all other clothing or must necessarily wet the user, do not work at higher temperatures, are heavy or expensive, or are for other sundry reasons impractical.

SUMMARY

It is to be understood that this summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure. This summary is exemplary and not restrictive, and it is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor delineate the scope thereof. The sole purpose of this summary is to explain and exemplify certain concepts of the disclosure as an introduction to the following complete and extensive detailed description.

In one aspect, disclosed is a heat management device comprising: an inner layer configured to face a body of a user, the inner layer comprising: a dry sublayer configured to face and touch the body; and a wet sublayer; an outer layer; and a spacer positioned between the inner layer and the outer layer, the spacer configured to maintain a channel height for passage of airflow between the inner layer and the outer layer; wherein the inner layer and the outer layer together define a flexible airflow channel configured to receive and route the airflow through the device and across the wet sublayer.

In another aspect, disclosed is a method of manufacturing a heat management device, the method comprising: sandwiching a spacer between an inner layer and an outer layer of the device; the inner layer and the outer layer defining an airflow channel therebetween; and sealing a connection between the inner layer and the outer layer to define a sealed body chamber, the airflow channel being configured to contain and allow circulation of each of airflow and a fluid for cooling.

Various implementations described in the present disclosure may comprise additional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which may not necessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within the present disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims. The features and advantages of such implementations may be realized and obtained by means of the systems, methods, features particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain various principles of the disclosure. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Corresponding features and components throughout the figures may be designated by matching reference characters for the sake of consistency and clarity.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a vest as worn by a user in accordance with one aspect of the current disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the vest of FIG. 1 as worn by the user.

FIG. 3 is a rear view of the vest of FIG. 1 as worn by the user.

FIG. 4 is a rear view of a vest in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a simplified sectional view of the vest of FIG. 3 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a detail sectional view of a flexible airflow channel of the vest of FIG. 1 taken from detail 6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a detail sectional view of an inner layer or evaporative layer of the vest of FIG. 1 taken from detail 7 of FIG. 6 and shown with airflow blown across an inner surface.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the inner layer of FIG. 7 showing also a base plate of the vest of FIG. 1 in a loose, unassembled condition.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of a spacer of the vest of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a rear view of a portion of the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition and showing the inner layer of FIG. 7, the spacer of FIG. 9, film, and a plurality of distribution lines.

FIG. 11 is a first detail rear perspective view of the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition showing the inner layer of FIG. 7, the spacer of FIG. 9, the base plate of FIG. 10, the film of FIG. 10, and the plurality of distribution lines of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a second detail rear perspective view of the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition showing the inner layer of FIG. 7, the spacer of FIG. 9, the film of FIG. 10, and one of the plurality of distribution lines of FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 is a rear view of the vest of FIG. 1 in the partially assembled condition of FIG. 12 and showing additional film positioned proximate to each of a plurality of outer edges.

FIG. 14 is a rear view of the vest of FIG. 1 in a further assembled condition showing also an outer layer.

FIG. 15 is a rear perspective detail view of the vest of FIG. 1 showing a reservoir of the vest partially withdrawn from a reservoir pocket of the vest and an enclosure with a control button extending therefrom.

FIG. 16 is a front perspective view of the vest of FIG. 1 showing a battery of the vest partially withdrawn from a battery pocket of the vest.

FIG. 17 is a detail front perspective view of the vest of FIG. 1 showing an outer portion of a collar and sliding fastener thereof.

FIG. 18 is a detail front perspective view of the vest of FIG. 1 showing an inner portion of the collar of FIG. 17 and an exhaust vent positioned therethrough.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a lower edge of the vest of FIG. 4 taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 4 showing an inlet spacer of the vest.

FIG. 20 is a rear view of a middle layer of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 21 is a front view of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing an inner layer and the middle layer of the vest in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a rear view of a spacer assembly of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the spacer of FIG. 9, a plurality of fans, and an enclosure in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a rear perspective view of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing fans, a control button, and a battery of the vest.

FIG. 24 is a detail rear perspective view of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the inlet spacer of FIG. 19 and the outer layer of the vest.

FIG. 25 is a detail perspective view of the enclosure of FIG. 15, the enclosure housing a pump, a plurality of fans, and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) comprising a printed circuit board (PCB).

FIG. 26 is a detail perspective view of the enclosure of FIG. 22 in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure, the enclosure housing a pair of pumps and a PCBA.

FIG. 27 is a detail perspective view of a front side or bottom side of the PCBA of FIG. 26.

FIG. 28 is a front perspective view of a cover of the enclosure of FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 is a front perspective view of one of the plurality of fans of FIG. 22 showing also a mounting plate secured thereto.

FIG. 30 is a rear perspective view of the fan of FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is a side perspective view of the fan of FIG. 29.

FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of an electrical system of the vest of FIG. 4 overlaid on the portion of the vest of FIG. 22 showing electrical connections of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of the vest of FIG. 4 overlaid on the portion of the vest of FIG. 22 showing hydraulic connections of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 34 is a front perspective view of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially open condition showing a control button, a power cord, a sliding fastener for connecting front edges of the vest, and a pair of tightening fasteners.

FIG. 35 is a front perspective view of a control button opening of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 36 is a front perspective view of a front right portion of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 37 is a front perspective view of a front left portion of the vest of FIG. 4.

FIG. 38 is a front perspective view of one of the pair of tightening fasteners in an installed condition inside the partially assembled vest.

FIG. 39 is a front perspective view of the user of the vest tightening the tightening fasteners.

FIG. 40 is a front perspective view of the vest as fully donned by the user and in an operating condition.

FIG. 41 is a color image of a rear perspective of the vest of FIG. 1 as worn by the user, a left half of the color image showing the vest with thermal imaging in a cooling mode as worn be the user and a right half of the color image being a color photograph of the vest as worn be the user.

FIG. 42 is a block diagram, which can be considered a schematic, of the electrical components of FIG. 32 and the electrical interconnections therebetween.

FIG. 43 is a flowchart describing, at least in part, operation of power and control system of a vest such as in FIG. 40 comprising the electrical components of FIG. 32 and, more specifically, a timed internal interrupt handler of such operation.

FIG. 45 is a flowchart describing, at least in part, overall operation of a power and controls system of a vest such as in FIG. 40 comprising the electrical components of FIG. 32.

FIG. 46 is a flowchart describing, at least in part, a pump state machine of the flowchart of FIG. 45.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure can be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description, examples, drawings, and claims, and their previous and following description. However, before the present devices, systems, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific devices, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting.

The following description is provided as an enabling teaching of the present devices, systems, and/or methods in their best, currently known aspect. To this end, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate that many changes can be made to the various aspects described herein, while still obtaining the beneficial results of the present disclosure. It will also be apparent that some of the desired benefits of the present disclosure can be obtained by selecting some of the features of the present disclosure without utilizing other features. Accordingly, those who work in the art will recognize that many modifications and adaptations to the present disclosure are possible and can even be desirable in certain circumstances and are a part of the present disclosure. Thus, the following description is provided as illustrative of the principles of the present disclosure and not in limitation thereof.

As used throughout, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a quantity of one of a particular element can comprise two or more such elements unless the context indicates otherwise. In addition, any of the elements described herein can be a first such element, a second such element, and so forth (e.g., a first widget and a second widget, even if only a “widget” is referenced).

Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect comprises from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about” or “substantially,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.

For purposes of the current disclosure, a material property or dimension measuring about X or substantially X on a particular measurement scale measures within a range between X plus an industry-standard upper tolerance for the specified measurement and X minus an industry-standard lower tolerance for the specified measurement. Because tolerances can vary between different materials, processes and between different models, the tolerance for a particular measurement of a particular component can fall within a range of tolerances.

As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description comprises instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

The word “or” as used herein means any one member of a particular list and also comprises any combination of members of that list. The phrase “at least one of A and B” as used herein means “only A, only B, or both A and B”; while the phrase “one of A and B” means “A or B.”

To simplify the description of various elements disclosed herein, the conventions of “left,” “right,” “front,” “rear,” “top,” “bottom,” “upper,” “lower,” “inside,” “outside,” “inboard,” “outboard,” “horizontal,” and/or “vertical” may be referenced. Unless stated otherwise, “front” describes that end or side of the heat management device or, more specifically, the cooling apparel nearest to and occupied by a front of a user of the cooling apparel, e.g., a chest of the user; “rear” is that end of the cooling apparel that is opposite or distal the front; “left” is that which is to the left of or facing left from the user and facing towards the front; and “right” is that which is to the right of or facing right from the user and facing towards the front. When the heat management device or, more specifically, the cooling apparel is not worn by or otherwise in contact with the user, the “front” of the device describes that end or surface, e.g., an inner surface 111, of the device or apparel that is in contact with the user during use. “Horizontal” or “horizontal orientation” describes that which is in a plane extending from left to right and aligned with the horizon. “Vertical” or “vertical orientation” describes that which is in a plane that is angled at 90 degrees to the horizontal.

Evaporative cooling can be a powerful mechanism for cooling, but there are generally a few issues associated with using evaporative cooling in apparel. Evaporative cooling apparel, such as evaporative cooling vests, usually leaves a body of a user of the apparel wet. Evaporative cooling apparel is also generally worn as the outermost layer, which may not be aesthetically pleasing. Having the outermost layer as the cooling layer can also make it more difficult to cool since layers worn underneath the apparel generally increase thermal resistance. An additional drawback to most evaporative cooling is that the user cannot control the rate of cooling. When evaporative apparel is first wetted, the amount of cooling is higher in comparison to when the apparel dries later on because, generally, the amount or rate of cooling is reduced as the evaporative apparel dries. As a result, the user feels very cold in the beginning and warm towards the end. This fast evaporation in the beginning also means that water is consumed faster than required and the dryness at the end causes insufficient cooling. It would then be useful to have a form of evaporative cooling that keeps the user dry, can be worn underneath layers, and is controllable.

Airflow is important for temperature regulation via convective heating and cooling. Airflow can be especially important in evaporative cooling applications since fresh unsaturated air is needed to absorb water vapor. The way this airflow is routed and maintained is therefore important. To allow for unimpeded air flow, air channels must ideally be kept open and not pinched. For the same volumetric airflow, a larger channel cross sectional area corresponds to a lower average air velocity. Air velocity is an important factor in the rate of heat transfer and rate of surface evaporation. Maintaining a consistent airflow channel is therefore helpful in thermal regulation applications, such as convective heating, convective cooling, and evaporative cooling. Routing airflow can also be important in getting better distribution of heat transfer across the entire surface of a body.

Another important factor in cooling applications is the thermal resistance at an interface with the body of the user. Ideally, there should be a low thermal resistance to the body to be cooled, so that more heat can be absorbed or transferred from the body for a given temperature difference. From Fourier's law of heat conduction, the conductive thermal resistance can be described by the following formula:

$R_{Conduction} = \frac{d}{A * k}$

Where:

d is the thickness of the sample (measured parallel to the heat flow)
A is the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the path of heat flow
k is the thermal conductivity of the material

Thermal resistance is also a function of surface area. In order to achieve a higher surface area A on a curved body to reduce the thermal resistance, it is important to have a contouring layer that touches as much of the body as possible, without air gaps between the contouring layer and the body. Flexible channels capable of wrapping around contours can minimize such thermally insulating air gaps and thereby facilitate the cooling apparel making good contact with the body. Air has very good thermal resistance, and even a small air gap can significantly increase thermal resistance. A temperature delta between two facing surfaces such as a surface of the body and a surface of a cooling vest, for example, can be minimized or can approach zero when the two sides of the interface are in contact with each other. When a heat sink is used, for example, a thermal compounds are frequently used to remove air gaps between the heat sink and an object to be cooled for this reason. Another way to remove air gaps and increase the thermal conductivity k is to wet the body, but this leaves the body wet.

Additionally, layers such as fabric can have poor thermal conduction along, i.e., in a direction along, the fabric layer because the cross-sectional area A is so small. Heat flow along the layer is limited as a result. It can therefore be difficult to transfer heat conductively from one corner or end of a fabric to another corner or end of the fabric. However, low thermal resistance from one face of the fabric layer to an opposite face is possible because the thickness d of the layer is small, meaning significant heat transfer is possible.

In one aspect, a heat management device and associated methods, systems, devices, and various apparatuses are disclosed herein. In one aspect, the cooling apparel can comprise a device body, a pump, and a fan.

FIG. 1 shows a front view of a heat management device 100, which can be an article of cooling apparel, as worn by a user 50 in accordance with one aspect of the current disclosure. In some aspects, as shown, the device 100 can be a vest, which can be sleeveless, and, more specifically, a cooling vest. In other aspects, the device 100 can be made in one of several form factors, the “form factor” being a particular size, shape, or other variation of the device 100. More specifically, the device 100 can be a jacket or other covering of the upper body (the “upper body” being defined as a portion of the body above the waist), a pair of pants or other covering of the lower body (the “lower body” being defined as a portion of the body below the waist), a covering worn over any other portion of the body, a blanket not required to be worn but able to be draped over the body, or another piece of apparel or article of clothing as otherwise defined.

The device 100 and, more specifically, the aforementioned vest, can define an apparel body or device body 110 defining the inner surface 111 (shown in FIG. 5) and an outer surface 112. The device body 110 of the device 100 can define a torso or bottom opening 103 at a bottom end 105 and a neck or top opening 104 at a top end 106. The device body 110 can define sleeve or side openings 117a,b. At a front side of the device 100, a fastener 190 such as, for example and without limitation, a sliding fastener (e.g., a zipper) can facilitate donning, tightening, and removal of the device 100. More specifically, a first half or portion of the fastener 190 can be coupled to a right or first joint edge 120a of the device body 110 and a second half or portion of the fastener 190 can be coupled to a left or second joint edge 120b of the device body 110. Joining the first joint edge 120a and the second joint edge 120b with the fastener 190 can accordingly result in the inner surface 111 of the device body 110 of the device 100 being positioned in close proximity to or even direct contact with a surface of the body of the user 50. In some aspects, as shown, the device 100 and, more specifically, the device body 110 can be formed without any sleeves. Moreover, the device 100 can focus cooling on just a torso of the body of the user 50.

FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device 100—and, more specifically, the vest—of FIG. 1 as worn by the user 50. An arm of the user 50 can extend through each of the side openings 117a,b (117b shown in FIG. 1). The device 100 can comprise an enclosure 210, which as described below can house electrical components of the device 100. The device 100 can comprise a reservoir pocket 220, which can receive a fluid reservoir of the device 100. As shown, a shirt 250 can be worn between the body of the user 50 and the device body 110 of the device 100.

In some aspects, the shirt 250 can be thin enough and close-fitting enough to limit thermal resistance at an interface between the device 100 and a skin surface of the body. In some aspects, for example, a thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 2 millimeters (mm) or less when dry and when otherwise using industry measurement standards or can measure a corresponding unit area weight such as grams per square meter (GSM). In some aspects, more specifically, the thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 1 mm or less. In some aspects, more specifically, the thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 0.75 mm or less. In some aspects, more specifically, the thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 0.5 mm or less. In some aspects, more specifically, the thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 0.25 mm or less. In some aspects, more specifically, the thickness of the shirt 250 can measure 0.2 mm or less. The shirt 250 can comprise any one or, in the case of a blend, more than one of a variety of materials such as, for example and without limitation, a natural material such as cotton, a less elastic synthetic material such as polyester, and a more elastic material such as elastane (e.g., LYCRA-brand or spandex material). Thermal resistance can also be minimized by the user 50 by wearing a shirt 250 that is small enough to minimize and, to the degree possible, eliminate wrinkles and the resulting air gaps. In some aspects, the device 100 can be worn directly against the skin surface of the body to eliminate any thermal resistance associated with the shirt 250.

FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 as worn by the user 50. As shown, either of the enclosure 210 and the reservoir pocket 220 can be mounted on or assembled to and can extend from the outer surface 112 of the device body 110. In some aspects, as shown, the reservoir pocket 220 can be assembled with stitching. In some aspects, the reservoir pocket 220 can be assembled with other fastening methods. More specifically, the reservoir pocket 220 can define a taper proximate to or at a lower end 305 and an opening 308 at an upper end 306. A control button 310, which can be used to adjust or set functional aspects of the device 100, can extend from the enclosure 210 in a position accessible by, for example and without limitation, a hand of the user 50.

FIG. 4 shows a rear view of the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure. As shown, edges of the side openings 117a,b—and any edge of the device 100, can be hemmed or can comprise or be defined by an opening trim 417a,b, which can strengthen or increase the comfort or longevity of the side openings 117a,b—or the other corresponding edges of the device 100. As shown, any electrical and other components of the device 100 can be positioned inside the device 100 and not visible from outside the device 100. The opening 308 of the reservoir pocket 220 can be visible and can provide access to a water reservoir or reservoir 1510 (shown in FIG. 15) positioned or defined therein. As shown, an edge of the opening 308 can be hemmed or can comprise or be defined by an opening trim 420, which can strengthen or increase the comfort or longevity of the opening 308.

FIG. 5 shows a simplified sectional view of the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 3 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 3. Broadly speaking, the disclosed device 100 can cool the body through the use of a type of evaporative cooling. More specifically, the device 100 can cool through use of a process that can be described as conductive evaporator cooling. More specifically, forced air can be used to facilitate cooling. Accordingly, one or more fans 2270 (shown in FIG. 25) can be positioned inside the enclosure 210 and can generate airflow from air pulled in from outside the device 100. The airflow 570 can travel through an airflow channel 680 (shown in FIG. 6) defined inside the device body 110 and can thereby travel across the device 100. As shown, the device body 110 can define a relatively constant cross section defining a thickness 540 and, more specifically, a channel thickness or height 640 (shown in FIG. 6) in which the airflow 570 can travel. The thickness 540 can vary across the device body 110 and can define a minimum value depending on the desired amount of cooling. Maintaining a minimum or constant thickness 540 can prevent air flow restrictions caused by pinching or collapse of the airflow channel 680. The airflow 570 can thereby travel relatively unimpeded through the airflow channel 680 proximate to a contoured surface of the body of the user 50 (shown in FIG. 1). As described above, it can be beneficial to minimize or eliminate a gap 580 defined in cross-section between the device body 110 and the body of the user 50 to facilitate heat transfer by conduction from the body of the user 50 to the device body 110 of the device 100.

FIG. 6 shows a detail sectional view of the airflow channel 680 of the device body 110 of the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 taken from detail 6 of FIG. 5. Defining the airflow channel 680, which can be flexible but is shown in a straightened condition for clarity, the device body 110 can comprise an inner layer 610 in contact with or facing the body of the user 50. More specifically, the inner layer 610 can define a first or inner surface 611 and a second or outer surface 612. The device body 110 can comprise an outer layer 620, which can be distal from the inner layer 610 in relation to the body of the user 50. More specifically, the outer layer 620 can define a first or inner surface 621 and a second or outer surface 622. The device body 110 can comprise a spacer 630, which can be positioned between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 and can maintain the channel height 640 (or a least a minimum value thereof) for the airflow 570. In some aspects, air pressure inside the airflow channel 680 can increase the channel height 640 to beyond or greater than a thickness 634 of the spacer 630 and can thereby result in one or more gaps 691,692. In some aspects, mechanical pressure against an outside surface of a portion of the device body 110 defining the airflow channel 680 can decrease the channel height 640 to below a thickness 634 of the spacer 630. More specifically, the spacer 630, which can be a spacing layer, can define a first or inner surface 631 and a second or outer surface 632. As will be described below, wetting with a fluid on and evaporation of the fluid from the inner layer 610 can facilitate cooling of the body of the user 50.

The channel height 640 can represent and define a space for the airflow 570 to travel between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620, including through the spacer 630. The outer surface 612 of the inner layer 610 can, again, face and can be in contact with the body of the user 50 to be cooled (or heated, as will be described below), and the inner surface 611 of the inner layer 610 can abut or face the inner surface 631 of the spacer 630. The inner surface 621 of the outer layer 620 can be positioned against the outer surface 632 of the spacer 630. The whole construction can be made of or can comprise flexible materials or can otherwise be configured to wrap around contoured surfaces.

As will be described in further detail below, either or both of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can be made of a first material and can be coated with or bonded or joined to a second material. As will be described below, the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can define a substantially sealed body chamber 688 therebetween proximate to at least the bottom end 105 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 14) of the device body 110 such that liquid received within the body chamber 688 will not leak from the device body 110 except, for example, when the heat management device 100 and, more specifically, the device body 110 are turned upside down. In some aspects, the body chamber 688 can retain moisture inside the airflow channel 680 without leakage therefrom when the airflow channel 680 is angled with respect to a horizontal direction during use and the top end 106 of the device 100 is higher than the bottom end 105.

The spacer 630 can comprise a fabric, sponge, open-cell foam, or other porous material. The spacer 630 can define a three-dimensional spacer mesh. In some aspects, the spacer 630 can be woven from or otherwise comprise thread. More specifically, the spacer 630 can be woven from polyester thread to define a thickness. In some aspects, a thickness 634 of the spacer 630 can measure in a range of 6 to 10 mm thick. In some aspects, the thickness 634 can be outside this range in either direction. In some aspects, as shown, the device body 110 can define a gap 691 between the spacer 630 and the inner layer 610. Similarly, the device body 110 can define a gap 692 between the spacer 630 and the outer layer 620. In some aspects, one or both of the gaps 691,692 are not present in a particular portion or location of a wall or airflow channel 680 of the device body 110. In such a location, the spacer 630 can contact either or both of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 without the gaps 691,692. In some aspects, the spacer 630 can be bonded to each of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. More specifically, the spacer 630 can be thermally bonded to each of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film placed between adjoining surfaces of the spacer 630 and the layers 610,620.

The aforementioned TPU film, a hot-melt adhesive material, can be as small or as large as desired to join the adjacent layers or panels and can, for example, be laser cut to the exact shape desired. In some aspects, the TPU film can be 1.5 inches wide and the length of any joint to be covered. The TPU film can provide a watertight seal between the two layers or panels joined. In some aspects, both heat and pressure can be used to activate the TPU film and bond two adjoining components of the device 100.

The spacer 630 can be formed from one or more of a variety of materials differing in color, thickness, weave patterns, flexibility, and other physical characteristics. In some aspects, the aforementioned three-dimensional spacer mesh defining the spacer 630 can comprise three separate layers, which can be simultaneously knit together by a textile machine, and is available from Jason Mills, LLC of Milltown, N.J., U.S.A. More specifically, the three-dimensional spacer mesh defining the spacer 630 can be knit from 100% polyester. In some aspects, as is the case with polyester, the spacer 630 can be formed from a material that is dimensionally stable, durable (e.g., resistant to chemicals, corrosion, heat, mold, mildew, and wear), and hydrophobic. In some aspects, any of the spacer 630 and the layers 610,620 and other components of the device 100 can comprise an antibacterial or antimicrobial component or treatment (e.g., the incorporation of silver ions) or a fire retardant component or treatment.

FIG. 7 shows a detail sectional view of the evaporative layer or inner layer 610 of the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 taken from detail 7 of FIG. 6 and shown with the airflow 570 blown across the inner surface 611. While not shown, FIG. 7 can similarly represent the outer layer 620. As shown, each of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can be a panel defining a discrete size. The inner layer 610 can comprise a dry sublayer 710 and a wet sublayer 720; and, as shown, the dry sublayer 710 and the wet sublayer 720 can be bonded to each other. More specifically, in some aspects, either or both of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can be formed from one or more materials, one of which can be or can comprise a fabric blend. In some aspects, either or both of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can comprise or be formed from a polyurethane-coated fabric blend comprising 85% polyester and 15% elastane and defining a weight of 190+40 GSM.

The dry sublayer 710 can be waterproof and flexible. In some aspects, it can be beneficial for the dry sublayer 710 to be stretchy, i.e., elastic. In some aspects, the dry sublayer 710 can be both waterproof and breathable. A thickness 714 of the dry sublayer 710 can be relatively thin and can be thinner than the wet sublayer 720. For example and without limitation, the thickness 714 can be 0.1 mm or on the order of 0.1 mm to minimize thermal resistance of the dry sublayer 710. A material or materials forming the dry sublayer material need not have a high thermal conductivity. For example and without limitation, the dry sublayer 710 can comprise or be formed from polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Especially when it is acceptable for the user 50 to become wet, no dry sublayer 710 is required and the inner layer 610 can comprise only the web sublayer 720.

In some aspects, the fabric blend forming the wet sublayer 720 can comprise elastane and polyester. In some aspects, the fabric blend forming the wet sublayer 720 can comprise elastane and nylon. In some aspects, the wet sublayer 720 can comprise spun yarn. In some aspects, the wet sublayer 720 can comprise a non-woven material. In some aspects, a material forming the wet sublayer 720 can facilitate capillary action (i.e., movement of a fluid such as water through the material). In some aspects, however, the wet sublayer 720 can comprise a non-capillary material. In some aspects, either or both of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can comprise one or more other fabric materials instead of—or in addition to—the aforementioned materials. A thickness 724 of the wet sublayer 720 can be relatively thin and yet can be thicker than the dry sublayer 710. For example and without limitation, the thickness 724 can be 0.2 mm.

FIG. 8 shows a rear view of the inner layer 610 of FIG. 7 showing also a base plate 850 of the vest of FIG. 1 in an unassembled condition. The inner layer 610, which can be symmetrical about at least a vertical centerline 801, can comprise the outer surface 612 and the inner surface 611 (shown in FIG. 6). The inner layer 610 can define a left or first side end 803, a right or second side end 804, a bottom end 805, and a top end 806. The inner layer 610 can define collar ends 813,814 at the top end 806, which can be proximate also to the respective side ends 803,804 and a collar end 815, which can be proximate also to the vertical centerline 801. The inner layer 610 can define shoulder ends 823a,b, 824a,b at the top end 806, which can be proximate to the respective side ends 803,804. The inner layer 610 can define sleeve or side cutout ends 833,834, which can be defined at respective edges of openings defined in the top end 806 and later can define, at least in part directly or indirectly, the side openings 117a,b (shown in FIG. 1) of the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest.

Each of the ends 804,805,806,813,814,823a,b,824a,b,834,834 can be straight or curved or can define a combination of straight and curved segments. Each of the ends, including in particular the side ends 803,804 and portions of the bottom end 805 and portions of the side cutout ends 833,834, can define tabs 840 extending away from a center of the inner layer 610 and past an edge of the spacer 630, as shown in FIG. 10. Notches 848 defined between adjacent or intersecting tabs 840 or within one or more of the tabs 840 can facilitate later bending and assembly of the tabs 840 and the inner layer 610 overall to mating parts such as the spacer 630.

Shown on top of the inner layer 610 is the base plate 850, which can be bonded to a plate attachment portion 820 of the inner layer 610 and define at least a portion of the enclosure 210 (shown in FIG. 2) in contact with the inner layer 610. In some aspects, the base plate 850 can comprise or can be formed from a plastic material. In some aspects, the base plate 850 can comprise or can be formed from another material including a composite material. One or more mounting holes or mounting openings 858 can be defined in the base plate 850. Similarly, one or more mounting holes or mounting openings 808 can be defined in the inner layer 610 and can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with the mounting openings 858 upon assembly of the base plate 850 to the inner layer 610.

FIG. 9 shows a rear view (and can also be a front view) of the spacer 630 of the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1) of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1. The spacer 630, which can be symmetrical about at least a vertical centerline 901, can comprise the outer surface 632 and the inner surface 631 (shown in FIG. 6). The spacer 630 can define a left or first side end 903, a right or second side end 904, a bottom end 905, and a top end 906. The spacer 630 can define collar ends 913,914 at the top end 906, which can be proximate also to the respective side ends 903,904; and a collar end 915, which can be proximate also to the vertical centerline 901. The spacer 630 can define shoulder ends 923a,b,924a,b at the top end 906, which can be proximate to the respective side ends 903,904. The spacer 630 can define sleeve or side cutout ends 933,934, which can be defined at respective edges of openings defined in the top end 906 and later can, at least in part directly or indirectly, define the side openings 117a,b (shown in FIG. 1) of the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest.

Each of the ends 904,905,906,913,914,923a,b,924a,b,934,934 can be straight or curved or can define a combination of straight and curved segments. One or more mounting holes or mounting openings 958 can be defined in the spacer 630 and can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with the mounting openings 808 (shown in FIG. 8) of the inner layer 610 (shown in FIG. 8) and the mounting openings 858 (shown in FIG. 8) of the base plate 850 (shown in FIG. 8) upon assembly of the spacer 630 to the inner layer 610 and the base plate 850. The spacer 630 can define a main opening 908, which can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with and even receive at least a portion of the enclosure 210 (shown in FIG. 2).

The spacer 630 can define one or more openings 918, which can be cutouts, across and in the outer surface 632 and the inner surface 631. More specifically, each of the openings 918 can extend through a thickness of the spacer 630. In some aspects, the openings 918 can have a diamond shape. By adjusting dimensions of the diamond shape in the horizontal and the vertical directions across the entire spacer 630 or in select areas, one can adjust bend and spring forces inherent in the spacer 630 and facilitate conformance with the surface being cooled. In some aspects, the openings 918 can have another closed polygonal or curvilinear shape. The openings 918 can be configured to direct portions of the airflow 570 (shown in FIG. 7) in a certain direction inside the airflow channel 680 (shown in FIG. 6) or to spread the airflow 570 across a desired surface such as, for example and without limitation, the inner surface 611 (shown in FIG. 6) of the inner layer 610 (shown in FIG. 6). The spacer 630 can facilitate the airflow 570 by being flexible and thereby facilitating conformance of the device 100 with the body of the user 50 by contouring around the shape of the body. The openings 918 in the spacer 630 can, for example and without limitation, help route this air flow, give the spacer layer a degree of flexibility, reduce a weight of the spacer 930, and reduce system impedance overall. More specifically, the openings 918 can allow for flexibility of the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1) and the airflow channels 680 (shown in FIG. 6) defined therein to navigate contours of a surface of the body of the user 50 (shown in FIG. 1) to facilitate good thermal contact therewith. In some aspects, the material forming the spacer 630 can comprise sparse vertical fibers in order to maximize airflow.

In some aspects, as shown, the spacer 630 can comprise frame portions 940. In some aspects, the spacer 630 can comprise ribs 960, which as shown can extend from the frame portions 940 or from the main opening 908 or between particular instances of the frame portions 940 and the main opening 908. One or more of the frame portions 940 or the ribs 960 can define openings or channels 968, which can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with and even receive distribution lines 1060 (shown in FIG. 10). Each of the channels 968 can be continuous or, as shown, can be discontinuous or “interrupted” with interspace portions of a material forming the spacer 630. As shown, the spacer 630 can define a single channel 968 aligned vertically with the centerline. As shown, the spacer 630 can define each of a plurality of channels 968 proximate to and in the collar ends 913,914,915 of the spacer 630.

FIG. 10 shows a rear view of a portion of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition. As shown, the device body 110 can comprise the inner layer 610 and the spacer 630. As also shown, in some aspects, the device body 110 can comprise the base plate 850. As also shown, in some aspects, the device body 110 can comprise a film 1040, which can be an adhesive film or an adhesive tape. As also shown, in some aspects, the device body 110 can comprise a plurality of the distribution lines 1010 and, more specifically, distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d. In some aspects, the plurality of channels 968 can be defined in a corresponding plurality of the ribs 960, each of which can receive one or more of the plurality of the distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d. The film 1040 can be or can comprise the aforementioned thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or other thermoplastic film, which can be configured to melt when heated for sew-free assembly of the inner layer and the spacer 630. In some aspects, as shown, the film 1040 can be clear.

The distribution lines 1010, which can be water distribution lines in the case that water is the fluid used by the heat management device 100 (shown in FIG. 1), can not only be received within the channels 968 of the spacer 630 but also routed through the spacer 630. The distribution lines 1010 can be made from silicone tubing, which can have holes (not shown) punched out or otherwise formed therein for, as will be described below with respect to a method of use of the heat management device 100, allowing a fluid such as water to drip or spray out. More specifically, in some aspects, an outer diameter of each of the distribution lines 1010 can be ⅛ inch (0.125 inches) and an inner diameter (shown in FIG. 11) can be 1/16 inch. The distributions lines 1010 can be joined with, extended with, or terminated with a coupling, connector, or fitting 3370 (shown in FIG. 33) and can branch off in different directions to cover a wide area of the vest or, as desired, any particular portions of the vest. More specifically, the fitting 3370 can be a T type or Y type connector. When present, holes defined along the length of the distribution lines 1010 can have a diameter of approximately 1 mm. In some aspects, no fittings 3370 are needed and ends of the distribution lines 1010 can be left open. The orientation and routing of the distribution lines 1010 can, as shown, limit bending of the distribution lines 1010 to avoid kinking thereof. In some aspects, the distribution lines 1010 are not required and another form of distribution of fluid (e.g., water) inside the vest can be used. In some aspects, one or more of the distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d—for example and without limitation, one of the distribution lines 1010c,d—can actually draw the fluid from or return the fluid to the reservoir 1510.

As shown, in some aspects, the device body 110 can comprise a strap or reinforcement member 1050, which can facilitate attachment of the enclosure 210 (shown in FIG. 2) and, more specifically, the base plate 850 to the spacer 630. In some aspects, the reinforcement member 1050 can define mounting holes or openings 1058, which can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with any of the mounting openings 808 (shown in FIG. 8) of the inner layer 610, the mounting openings 958 (shown in FIG. 9) of the spacer 630, the mounting openings 858 (shown in FIG. 8) of the base plate 850, and corresponding mounting openings 1458 (shown in FIG. 14) defined in the outer layer 620 (shown in FIGS. 6 and 14).

FIG. 11 shows a first detail rear perspective view of a portion of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition showing the inner layer 610, the spacer 630, the base plate 850, the film 1040, and the plurality of distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d. As shown, one of the tabs 840 is shown folded over the frame portion 940 (shown in FIG. 9) at the bottom end 905 (shown in FIG. 9) of the spacer 630. As shown, the film 1040 can be positioned between the frame portion 940 of the spacer 630 and the tab 840 of the inner layer 610. The distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d can be received within and retained by corresponding channels 968 of corresponding ribs 960 of the spacer 630. Some of the tabs 840 of the inner layer 610 remain unbent in the partially assembled condition shown.

FIG. 12 shows a second detail rear perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 in a partially assembled condition showing the inner layer 610, the spacer 630, the film 1040, and the distribution line 1010 b. As shown, a plurality of the tabs 840 are shown folded over corresponding portions of the frame portion 940 around a perimeter of the spacer 630, with the film 1040 positioned therebetween. The distribution line 1010 b can be received within and retained by the channel 968 of the rib 960 of the spacer 630. Proximate to the collar end 814 and the shoulder ends 824a,b, for example, some of the tabs 840 of the inner layer 610 remain unbent in the partially assembled condition shown.

FIG. 13 shows a rear view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 in the partially assembled condition of FIG. 12 and showing additional tabs 840 folded over additional corresponding portions of the frame portion 940 around a perimeter of the spacer 630. Additional film 1040 (shown in FIG. 11) can be positioned therebetween proximate to each of a plurality of outer edges or ends 904,905,906,913,914,923a,b,924a,b,934,934 (all shown in FIG. 9) of the spacer 630. As shown, a mesh material and, more specifically, mesh panels 1340 can be joined to the inner layer 610 and, upon further assembly, the outer layer 620 to permit passage of the airflow 570 (shown in FIG. 7) from the airflow channel 680 (shown in FIG. 6) of the device body 110 through an exhaust vent 1770 (shown in FIG. 17) proximate to the top end 106 of the device body 110. More specifically, the mesh panels 1340 can be joined and sealed to the inner layer 610 and/or the outer layer 620 with the same material as used for the film 1040 or via sewing. The mesh material, which can be a fabric mesh, can be fine enough to limit or prevent contamination by ingress of foreign materials and yet allow substantially unimpeded exhaust of the airflow 570.

In some aspects, as shown, portions of the film 1040 can be positioned on a rear surface (i.e., facing and visible to a viewer of FIG. 13) of each of the tabs 840 and, in some aspects, also on a rear surface of one or more of the ribs 960 proximate to each of a plurality of outer edges or ends 904,905,906,913,914,923a,b,924a,b,934,934 (all shown in FIG. 9) of the spacer 630. In these additional positions, the film 1040 can, as shown in FIG. 14, bond and also seal a joint between the device body 110 as shown in FIG. 13 and the outer layer 620.

FIG. 14 shows a rear view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 in a further assembled condition showing also the outer layer 620. The outer layer 620, which can be symmetrical about at least a vertical centerline 1401, can comprise the outer surface 622 and the inner surface 621 (shown in FIG. 6). The outer layer 620 can define a left or first side end 1403, a right or second side end 1404, a bottom end 1405, and a top end 1406. The outer layer 620 can define collar ends 1413,1414 at the top end 1406, which can be proximate also to the respective side ends 1403,1404 and a collar end 1415, which can be proximate also to the vertical centerline 1401. The outer layer 620 can define shoulder ends 1423a,b,1424a,b at the top end 1406, which can be proximate to the respective side ends 1403,1404. The outer layer 620 can define sleeve or side cutout ends 1433,1434, which can be defined at respective edges of openings defined in the top end 1406 and later can define, at least in part directly or indirectly, the side openings 117a,b (shown in FIG. 1) of the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest.

Each of the ends 1404,1405,1406,1413,1414,1423a,b,1424a,b,1434,1434 can be straight or curved or can define a combination of straight and curved segments. Each of the ends, including in particular the side ends 1403,1404 and portions of the bottom end 1405 and portions of the side cutout ends 1433,1434, can define edge portions 1440 extending away from a center of the outer layer 620 and towards an outer edge or perimeter of the device body 110.

As described above, the outer layer 620 can be bonded to the inner layer 610 and the spacer 630 and, in the process, define the substantially sealed body chamber 688 (shown also in FIG. 6). To facilitate drainage of a fluid inside the body chamber 688 towards a single point for removal from or recycling through the body chamber 688, the body chamber 688 can define a portion that is lower than every other portion, i.e., that is closer to the bottom end 105 of the device body 110. In some aspects, the body chamber 688 can define a V-shape, shown in an upright orientation and slightly visible behind the outer layer 620, and the portion of the body chamber 688 that is lower than every other portion can be centered as shown, left to right, in the device body 110 and can be aligned with the vertical centerline 1401. Again, one or more of the mounting openings 1458 shown in the outer layer 620 can be sized and positioned or otherwise configured to align with any one or more of the mounting openings 1058 of the reinforcement member 1050, the mounting openings 958 of the spacer 630, the mounting openings 858 of the base plate 850, and the mounting openings 808 of the inner layer 610. The distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d can extend from an opening 1408 defined in the outer layer 620 for assembly to one or more pumps 2560 (shown in FIG. 25). In some aspects, one or more of the distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d can pierce or extend through a small slit in the outer layer 620 to facilitate connection of such distribution lines to the reservoir 1510.

FIG. 15 shows a rear perspective detail view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 showing the reservoir 1510 of the vest when partially withdrawn from a reservoir pocket 220 of the vest and the enclosure 210 with the control button 310 extending therefrom. In some aspects, the reservoir 1510 can be a separate component from the device body 110. More specifically, the reservoir 1510 can be a tank or pouch. In some aspects, for example and without limitation, the reservoir 1510 can define a volume in a range of 250 mL to 2 L. In other aspects, the reservoir 1510 can define a volume outside of this range. In some aspects, the reservoir 1510 can be formed from or comprise polyethylene resin. In some aspects, a reservoir 1510 in the form of an internal pouch can be formed integrally from layers of the device body 110 with watertight seals as needed to prevent leakage of fluid outside the reservoir 1510. The reservoir 1510 can comprise one or more connectors 1550, which can comprise a pair of selectively removable connectors 1550a,b, and tubing 1570 positioned inside the reservoir 1510. The tubing 1570 can place an interior cavity of the reservoir 1510 in fluid communication with the one or more pumps 2560 of the device 100 through tubing 1560 extending to and from the one or more pumps 2560.

FIG. 16 shows a front perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 showing a battery 1610 of the vest partially withdrawn from a battery pocket 1620 of the vest. In some aspects, as shown, the battery pocket 1620 can be assembled with stitching to the inner surface 111 of the device body 110. In some aspects, the battery pocket 1620 can be assembled with other fastening methods. In some aspects, the battery 1610 or the battery pocket 1620 can be positioned inside the device 100 and be not visible from outside the device 100. As shown, an opening 1628 of the battery pocket 1620 can be visible and can provide access thereto.

The battery 1610 can comprise any one of a number of energy storage technologies, capacities, and physical characteristics. In some aspects, the battery 1610 can be or can comprise a lithium polymer or lithium ion battery; the battery 1610 can define a capacity such as, for example and without limitation, 5000 milliamp-hours (mAH) or 10,000 mAH; and the battery 1610 can comprise a USB output. As shown, the enclosure 210 can be positioned behind the inner surface 111 of the device body 110 and can be, at least in part, secured to the inner surface 111 by one or more fasteners 1690. A power cord 1630 can extend from the enclosure 210 and can place the battery 1610 in electrical communication with the other electrical components of the device 100.

FIG. 17 shows a detail front perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1. As shown, an outer portion of a collar 1710, which can be hemmed, can at least in part define the top opening 104 of the device body 110. As described above, the device body 110 can comprise the fastener 190, which can be a sliding fastener. The fastener 190 can be a closure fastener fixably closing the device 100 about a body of the user 50.

FIG. 18 shows a detail front perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 showing an inner portion of the collar 1710 and the exhaust vent 1770 positioned therethrough. As shown, the exhaust vent 1770 can extend at least partially around a length of the collar 1710. In some aspects, the exhaust vent 1770 can extend around a full length or substantially around a full length of the collar 1710. In some aspects, the exhaust vent 1770 can be defined elsewhere on the device body 110 and in any one of a number of positions in a front, rear, side, top, or bottom portion of the outer surface 112 of the device body 110. For example and without limitation, one or more of the exhaust vents 1770 can be located adjacent to the side openings 117a,b. In some aspects, the exhaust vent 1770 can function as an inlet or intake vent.

FIG. 19 shows a sectional view of a lower edge of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 showing an inlet spacer 1930 of the vest. As the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can define an airflow channel 680 therebetween, a space in which the spacer 630 can be positioned, the outer layer 620 and a third layer or outermost layer 1920 can, as channel boundaries, define a secondary airflow channel or inlet airflow channel 1980. The outermost layer 1920 can define an inner surface 1921 and an outer surface 1922, a bottom end 1923 and a top end 1924. The outermost layer 1920 can be joined to one or both of the outer layer 620 and the inner layer 610 to form the device body 110 of the device 100. Thus the outer layer 620 can become a middle layer positioned between the inner layer 610 and the outermost layer 1920 as shown. In some aspects, the inlet airflow channel can be offset in cross-section from the airflow channel 680 in a direction perpendicular to an orientation of the airflow channel 680 at a position proximate to the inlet airflow channel 1980.

The outermost layer 1920 can comprise a first portion 1941 proximate to the bottom end 1923 and a second portion 1942 extending upward towards the top end 1924 from the first portion 1941. In some aspects, as shown, the bottom end 1923 of the outermost layer 1920 and the bottom end 1405 of the outer layer 620 can define a channel height 1940 therebetween and an intake vent 1982 through which the airflow 570 can enter from below. In some aspects, the bottom end 1923 of the outermost layer 1920 can extend towards and sealably connect to the bottom end 1405 of the outer layer 620, and the first portion 1941 of the outermost layer can define an intake vent 1982 through which the airflow 570 can enter from the rear of the device body 110. In some aspects, as shown, the intake vent 1982 can be an open space not covered with any material. In some aspects, as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 34 and 37, the intake vent 1982 can be covered with a mesh material such as, for example and without limitation, the mesh material of the exhaust vent 1770 (shown in FIG. 17). More specifically, the intake vent 1982 can extend around a perimeter of a bottom end 105 of the device body and be defined in the first portion 1941 of the outermost layer 1920. A height 1971 of the first portion 1941 and a height 1972 of the second portion 1942 of the outermost layer 1920 can be adjusted to increase or decrease air flow capacity through the intake vent 1982.

In some aspects, one or more intake vents 1982 can be positioned proximate to and defined in the collar 1710 (e.g., proximate to a neck of the user) of the device body 110, proximate to the side openings 117a,b (e.g., proximate to armpits of the user 50), or proximate to the bottom end 105 at the first and second or left and right outermost sides of the device body 110 (e.g., proximate to hips of the user 50). A material of the outermost layer 1920 can be the same material as used for the inner layer 610 and/or the outer layer 620 or can be another material.

FIG. 20 shows a rear view (which can also be a front view) of a middle layer of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4. The middle layer can be the outer layer 620. The outer layer 620 can define a boundary or face for each of the airflow channel 680 and the inlet airflow channel 1980. While not shown in FIG. 19, the outer layer 620 can define air passage openings 2080 to facilitate movement of the airflow 570 (shown in FIG. 19) from the inlet airflow channel 1980 to the airflow channel 680. More specifically, a portion of the inner surface 621 (shown in FIG. 6) of the outer layer 620 surrounding each of the fans 2270 can be sealed the corresponding fan 2270 with an adhesive between the inner surface 621 and one of the fan 2270 and any intermediate mounting plate such as a mounting plate 2275 (shown in FIG. 22).

FIG. 21 shows a front view of a portion of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the inner layer 610 and the middle or outer layer 620 of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure. The inner layer 610, which can be smaller than the outer layer 620 as shown, can be joined to the outer layer 620—and sealably so—with one or more strips 2140. The strips 2140 can comprise a material such as, for example and without limitation, a fabric laminated to the aforementioned film 1040 (shown in FIG. 10).

A lower portion 2110 of the strips 2140, which can define a “V” pattern across the partially assembled device body and can be defined as first and second lower portions, can seal a joint between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 proximate to the respective bottom ends 805,1405 of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. A first side portion 2120a of the strips 2140 can seal a joint between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 proximate to the respective first side ends 803,1403 of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. Similarly, a second side portion 2120b of the strips 2140 can seal a joint between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 proximate to the respective second side ends 804,1404 of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. A first top portion 2130a of the strips 2140 can seal a joint between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 proximate to the respective shoulder ends 823a,b, 1423a,b of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. Similarly, a second top portion 2130b of the strips 2140 can seal a joint between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 proximate to the respective shoulder ends 824a,b, 1424a,b of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. In some aspects, where the lower portion 2110 and each of the side portions 2120a,b intersect, an additional piece of the film 1040 or the material forming the strips 2140 can be secured to strengthen the seal between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 and to prevent capillary connection between the lower portion 2110 and the corresponding second portion 2120a,b.

The inner layer 610, the outer layer 620, and the various portions of the strips 2140 such as, more specifically, the portions 2110,2120a,b,2130a,b can together define a sealed body chamber 688 (shown in FIG. 6), which can be sealed except, for example, at the collar ends 813,1413,814,1414 where the exhaust vents 1770 (shown in FIG. 17) can be defined. The “V” shape formed at a bottom end of the body chamber 688 proximate to the respective bottom ends 805,1405 of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 can define a recollect area or collector 2160 of the body chamber 688 from which fluid collected inside the device body 110 and drawn downwards by gravity can be drawn for recycling inside the vest or for return to the reservoir 1510.

In some aspects, as shown in FIGS. 10-13, the bottom end 805 of the inner layer 610 can be extended and wrapped around the spacer 630 and the outer surface 612 of the inner layer 610 can be bonded to the inner surface 621 of the outer layer 620. Such a construction, which can also be formed into a “V” shape, can also allow for the collection of excess water from the collector 2160.

FIG. 22 shows a rear view of a spacer assembly 2200 of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the spacer 630, a plurality of the fans 2270, and the enclosure 210 in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure. As shown, each of the fans 2270 can be a blower fan such as, for example and without limitation, a No. BFB0505MA-C 50 mm square 5 VDC input blower fan available from Delta Fans.

The fans 2270 can be built into the spacer 630 and into the airflow channel 680 of the device body 110 without the enclosure 210. As will be described, the enclosure 210 can still house other electrical components. The blower fans, which can be centrifugal fans, can be distributed throughout the spacer 630 of the device 100 and attached with fasteners such as, for example and without limitation, a screw or a wire tie, as will be described below. As shown, each of the fans 2270 can be secured to the mounting plate 2275. More specifically, the spacer 630 can define openings for at least a portion of the fans 2270 to be received therein. In some aspects, the fans 2270 can be at least partly positioned inside the airflow channel 680. When configured as a blower fan, a direction of the airflow 570 (shown in FIG. 7) exiting the fan can be angled with respect to a direction of the airflow 570 entering the fan. In such a configuration the fan 2270 can thus draw in air in a direction angled with respect to the airflow channel 680 and then direct or blow air in a direction parallel to and therefore directly into the airflow channel 680. If a representative fan inlet 2278 is facing the exterior as shown, the airflow 570 can be inducted directly from the outside ambient air.

In some aspects, a vertical axis 2271 of each of the fans 2270 can be angled with respect to the vertical centerline 901 or with respect to a vertical orientation when the device 100 is in use. This can, for example and without limitation, result in better distribution of the airflow 570 through the airflow channel 680 and can, in some aspects, encourage water dripping on the fans 2270 to more readily roll off the fans 2270. As will be described below, aspects of the mounting plate 2275 can also help to keep moisture in the body chamber 688 (shown in FIG. 6).

An inlet channel layer such as shown in FIG. 19 can also be added atop or adjacent to the inlet of the centrifugal fans, allowing for intake from the sides rather than directly from the ambient air. In the case of a device 100 such as the vest without the inlet airflow channel 1980, the fan can draw air directly from the outside. If an object covers the fan inlet, however, then the airflow 570 can be blocked and cooling can be impeded. With the inlet airflow channel 1980, the airflow 570 can be routed from an intake vent 1982 positioned away from the one or more fans 2270 of the device 100 and can have a covering on top, allowing layers to be worn on top. In some aspects, the inlet airflow channel 1980 can draw air from the bottom edge of a shirt, jacket, or vest defining the device 100. This construction can allow for a flat construction since blower fans can be made thin and can blow air in the plane of rotation. This flat construction can help with functionality and aesthetics. This construction also can work without a protruding enclosure, enabling the use of items such as backpacks and body armor which can be worn over the cooling apparel.

As shown, the device body 110 can comprise an electrical wire 2210 for connecting the control button 310 and the power cord 1630 for connecting the battery 1610 (shown in FIG. 16) to the other electrical components of the device 100.

In some aspects, as also shown, the distribution lines 1010a,b of a fluid or, in the case of water as the fluid, a hydraulic circuit of the device 100 can be routed along the lower and side edges, and the distribution lines 1010c,d can extend or run to the reservoir 1510 in the middle of the device body. A collector line 2260, which is show extending vertically downward, can be used to vacuum up any of the fluid inside the collector 2160 of the device body 110. As shown, an outlet of the distribution lines 1010 can be positioned across the device 100 from the one or more pumps 2560.

FIG. 23 shows a rear perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the fans 2270, the control button 310, and the battery 1610 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest. As shown, the assembly shown in FIG. 22 can be positioned between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620. Fan mounts comprising the fans 2270 and the mounting plates 2275 can be bonded around the fan intake openings in the outer layer 620. The outer layer can define holes for passage of the control button 310 and the power cord 1630 from and out of the airflow channel 680. The film 1040 or the strips 2140 can be positioned proximate the side ends can be bonded on the bottom end 805 or side ends 803,804 of the inner layer 610 to the outer layer 620 after the assembly shown in FIG. 22 is inserted. The outer layer 620 can also define openings for passage of the hydraulic lines from the airflow channel 680 and to the reservoir 1510. The outermost layer 1920 can be sewn onto the outer layer 620 at the top edges or the top ends 906,1406 as shown. As shown, the outermost layer can cover the entire vest and can similarly cover other devices 100.

FIG. 24 shows a detail rear perspective view of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially assembled condition showing the inlet spacer 1930 and the outer layer 620 of the vest. As shown, the inlet spacer 1930 can be positioned on top of or against the outer surface 622 of the outer layer 620. Such placement of the inlet spacer 1930 immediately adjacent to the fan inlets 2278 can ensure that the airflow 570 can enter the fans 2270 even if a backpack or other equipment is in flat contact with an outer surface 112 of the device 100. The inlet spacer 1930 can define openings 1918 to facilitate airflow through the inlet spacer 1930, openings 2480 to facilitate airflow into each of the fans 2270, and an opening 2410 to provide a relieved area in the inlet spacer 1930 for the battery 1610 to be received within.

FIG. 25 shows a detail perspective view of the enclosure 210 and surrounding portions of the device body 110 of the device 100 shown in FIG. 1. The enclosure 210 can house a single instance of the pump 2560, a plurality of fans 2270, and a controller, which can comprise a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) 2550. As shown, in some aspects, the fans 2270 can be tubeaxial fans, in which case the direction of the airflow entering each fan 2270 is parallel to the direction of the airflow exiting each fan 2270. More specifically, each of the fans 2270 can be a tubeaxial fan such as, for example and without limitation, a No. 109P0405J602 40 mm square 5 VDC input tubeaxial fan available from Sanyo Denki, which has a capacity of 9.9 cubic feet per minute (CFM) or 0.277 m³/min. Each of the fans 2270 can be positioned inside a fan module 2510 of the enclosure 210 and with the rest of the enclosure 210 can be positioned on top of or against the base plate 850 with fasteners 1690 (shown in FIG. 16). The base plate 850 can be affixed to the inner layer 610 (shown in FIG. 6) with adhesive.

An intake vent 1982 defined in a lower wall of the enclosure can be configured to allow air to enter the fans 2270. A space defined between the base plate 850 and a remaining portion of the enclosure 210—that portion of the enclosure 210 that houses the pump 2560 and the fans 2270—can define a fan exhaust 2570 on the exhaust side of the fans 2270 and facing the airflow channel 680 and the spacer 630. More specifically, a height of the fan exhaust in a thickness direction of the airflow channel 680 (shown in FIG. 6) can define a fan exhaust height approximately as thick as the thickness 634 of the spacer 630. As shown, an axis 2272 along which air generally enters and exits each of the fans 2270 can vary and, in some aspects, can be angled with respect to a vertical centerline 1401 (shown in FIG. 14) of the device body 110 and an axis 211 of the enclosure 210.

In some aspects, the pump 2560 can be a peristaltic pump such as, for example and without limitation, a No. B07JK3629Z6 VDC pump by Bewinner and having a flow rate of 20-60 mL/min. In some aspects, other methods of fluid distribution can be used, e.g., an ultrasonic mister. In other aspects, the pump 2560 can be an impeller pump, a diaphragm pump, or another type of pump. The inlet of the pump 2560 can be attached to the reservoir 1510 and in fluid communication therewith, and the output of the pump 2560 can be connected to the distributions lines 1010 and in fluid communication therewith. The pump can be configured to draw the fluid (e.g., water) from the storage location (e.g., the reservoir 1510) and pump it through the distribution lines 1010. A second pump 2560 can draw the fluid from the collector 2160 at the bottom of the airflow channel 680 and return the fluid to the reservoir 1510. In some aspects, the device 100 can comprise one or more check valves, which can also be set up to collect water from the collector 2160.

Again, the device 100 can also comprise and the enclosure 210 can house the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) 2550. The PCB 2550 generally need not be waterproof, and the device 100 can generally be configured to continue operating even should the electrical components of the device 100 become wet. The electrical and electronic components can be powered through the power cord 1630 (shown in FIG. 16) comprising, for example and without limitation, a USB or microUSB connection, which can provides 5 V to the PCB 2550. The power to the USB can come from a power supply comprising, for example and without limitation, an external battery pack (e.g., the battery 1610 shown in FIG. 16) or an internal battery pack. Other sources of power including, for example and without limitation, a solar panel can also be used to power the fan(s) 2270 and the pump(s). Again, the battery 1610 can be received and held in an interior pocket as shown in FIG. 16.

FIG. 26 shows a detail perspective view of the enclosure 210 in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure. As shown, the enclosure 210 can house a pair of pumps 2560a,b and the PCB 2550, and the fans 2270 can be positioned outside the enclosure 210 as shown in FIG. 22. As shown, each of the pumps 2560 can be a diaphragm pump such as, for example and without limitation, a No. BD-01W 6 VDC pump by Boden and having a flow rate of 100 mL/min. The enclosure 210 can itself define a body 2610 and a cover 2810 (shown in FIG. 28). The body 2610 and the cover 2810 can define an interior cavity 2680 sized to receive the components shown, and either or both of the body 2610 and the cover 2810 can further define respective mounting tabs 2650,2850, which can define mounting holes 2658,2858 for securing the cover 2810 to the body 2610 and for securing the body 2610 to the device body 110 (shown in FIG. 1). Similarly as described above, the first pump 2560 a can be configured to draw the fluid from the reservoir 1510 (shown in FIG. 15) and pump it through the distribution lines 1010, and the second pump 2560b can draw the fluid from the collector 2160 at the bottom of the airflow channel 680 (shown in FIG. 6) and return the fluid to the reservoir 1510.

FIG. 27 shows a detail perspective view of a front side or bottom side of the PCB 2550. As shown, each of the fans 2770 and each of the pumps 2560a,b can connect to the PCB 2550 through a connector. The power cord 1630 and the electrical wire 2210 can also connect to the PCB 2550.

FIG. 28 shows a front perspective view of a cover 2810 of the enclosure of FIG. 26. As described above, the cover 2810 can comprise mounting tabs 2850, which can define mounting holes 2858.

FIGS. 29-31 show various views of one of the plurality of fans 2270 showing also the mounting plate 2275 secured thereto. FIG. 29 is a front perspective view of the fan 2270. As shown, one or more fasteners 2990 can secure the fan 2270 to the mounting plate 2275. FIG. 30 shows a rear perspective view of the fan 2270. As shown, the mounting plate 2275 can define one or more openings 3008, which can be defined proximate to an edge of the mounting plate 2275; and the one or more fasteners 3090 can secure the mounting plate 2275 to surrounding structure such as, for example and without limitation, the spacer 630. More specifically, each fastener 3090 can extend through one of the one or more openings 3008 and a portion of the surrounding structure. The fastener 3090 can be any usable fastener but, as shown, can be a wire tie (also known as a cable tie or “zip” tie). FIG. 31 shows a side perspective view of the fan 2270 showing a blower wheel and fan lead wires and a side profile of the mounting plate 2275. A height 3175 of the mounting plate 2275 and a height 3170 of the inlet flange, which can protrude into the inlet spacer 1930, can be adjusted to compensate for a thickness of the 630 or for other dimensions of the device body 110. The height 3175 and a slope angle 3177 of the mounting plate 2275 can help keep moisture inside the body chamber 688 (shown in FIG. 6). Similarly, the height 3175 and a slope angle 3172 of the mounting plate 2275 can help keep moisture inside the body chamber 688.

FIG. 32 shows a schematic diagram of an electrical system of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 overlaid on the spacer 630 showing electrical connections of the vest of FIG. 4 and the spacer 630 in a simplified form.

FIG. 33 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4 overlaid on the spacer 630 showing hydraulic connections of the vest of FIG. 4 and the spacer 630 in a simplified form. The device 100 can comprise the distribution lines 1010a,b,c,d,e, which can be used to distribute a fluid (e.g., water) inside the vest for cooling purposes. The device 100 can comprise the distribution lines 1010f,g, which can correspond, respectively, to the tubing 1560 shown in FIG. 15 for drawing fluid from and returning fluid to the reservoir 1510. As described above, one or more of the distribution lines 1010 can terminate in the fittings 3370. As shown, the device 100 can comprise one or more filters 3350, which can operate in-line with the distribution lines 1010 and can filter water before it passes through the pumps 2560. More specifically, the reservoir 1510 can comprise a filter 3350a to filter the water cycling back through the reservoir 1510, and the collector line 2260 can comprise a filter 3350b to filter the water vacuumed up from the collector 2160.

FIG. 34 shows a front perspective view of the vest of FIG. 4 in a partially open condition showing the control button 310, the power cord 1630, and the fastener 190 for connecting front edges of the vest. As shown, the device 100 and, more specifically, the vest can comprise a pair of tightening fasteners 3490a,b, each of which can in some aspects comprise webbing 3493 extending from each joint edge 120a,b and at least one buckle 3495 attached to one of the pieces of webbing 3493. Each of the tightening fasteners 3490a,b, which can be a belt, can pass between the outer layer 620 and the outermost layer 1920. The buckle 3495, which can be a plastic triglide-style buckle or any other kind of buckle, including quick-connect buckles, can be sewn to an end of portion or side of the belt. In some aspects, a tightness of the device 100 can be adjusted by producing an inner circumference the device 100 in different sizes and/or shapes to accommodate varying user body sizes. In some aspects, one or more of the tightening fasteners 3490a,b could comprise an elastic material. In some aspects, one or more of the tightening fasteners 3490a,b could comprise a hook and loop fastener. In some aspects, the device 100 can comprise only a single tightening fastener. In some aspects, the device 100 can comprise more than two tightening fasteners. The tightening fastener 3490 can be a closure fastener adjustably tightening the device 100 about a body of the user 50. More specifically, the tightening fastener 3490 can be used to adjust a circumferential dimension of the device 100 (i.e., a direction around the torso or other portion of the body of the user 50).

By tightening or loosening the tightening fasteners 3490, the device body 110 can be made to fit tighter or looser around a body and, in the case of the vest, a torso of the user 50 (shown in FIG. 1). Improved conformity or, in other words, a closer fit between an inner surface 111 of the device 100 and the body can improve cooling but improving the ability of the device 100 to remove heat from the body through conduction.

As also shown, the control button 310 can be secured to and be visible from an outer surface 112 of the device body 110 of the device 100. More specifically, the control button 310 can be positioned and sewn proximate to a lower edge of the outermost layer 1920 of the vest.

FIG. 35 shows a front perspective view of a control button opening 3580 of the vest of FIG. 4. As shown, a mounting panel 3510, which can be a flexible washer or annular ring defining the control button opening 3580, can be secured to a portion of the device body 110 such as, for example and without limitation, the outer surface 112.

FIGS. 36 and 37 shows front perspective views of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 4) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 4. FIG. 36 shows a front right portion of the vest, and FIG. 37 shows a front left portion of the device body 110 of the vest. As shown in FIG. 36, the intake vent 1982 can extend partially around a lower edge of the device body 110 proximate to the bottom end 1405. As shown in FIG. 37, the intake vent 1982 can extend completely around a lower edge of the device body 110 proximate to the bottom end 1405 and stop only at the fastener 190.

FIG. 38 shows a front perspective view of the tightening fastener 3490 comprising webbing 3493 and the buckle 3495 in an installed condition inside a partially assembled vest. The device body can comprise one or more straps or guides 3810, which can help locate and maintain a position of the tightening fastener 3490 relative to the device body 110.

FIG. 39 shows a front perspective view of the user 50 of the vest tightening the tightening fasteners 3490a,b before tightening the fastener 190, and FIG. 40 shows a front perspective view of the vest as fully donned by the user 50 and in an operating condition. In operation with the control button 310 in a condition to facilitate cooling of the user 50, a portion of the control button 310 such as, for example and without limitation, an outer ring or central portion can be configured to display a light such as a colored LED light to signal the particular setting of the control button 310 and, more broadly, the device 100. As shown, the intake vent 1982 and the inlet airflow channel 1980 extending therefrom can extend substantially across one of a width (if open) and a circumference (if closed) of the device 100, which can facilitate a greater volume of the airflow 570 (shown in FIG. 7) into the device 100.

FIG. 41 shows an image of a rear perspective of the device body 110 of the device 100 (shown in FIG. 1) and, more specifically, the vest of FIG. 1 as worn by the user, a left half of the image showing the vest with thermal imaging in a cooling mode as worn be the user and a right half of the image being a photograph of the vest as worn be the user. As represented in color, cooler colors indicate cooler (i.e., lower) temperatures and warmer colors indicate warmer (i.e., higher) temperatures. Here, blue indicates the coolest temperature. As represented in black and white, darker shades of grey indicate cooler temperatures and lighter shades of grey indicate warmer temperatures. As shown, the presence of the reservoir pocket 220 and the enclosure 210 can affect the ability to measure a temperature of the user 50 close to the body.

In some aspects, the device 100 and, more specifically, the device body 110 can comprise sleeves to form a jacket. Each sleeve of such a jacket can comprise a separate pump and recollection line. In some aspects, the device 100 can be sized and configured to fit an animal such as, for example and without limitation, a dog.

Beyond the exemplary vest and jacket, a variety of uses of the structures and methods disclosures herein are possible. In some aspects, for example, when the device 100 comprises tubular or tube-shaped structures such as a pair of pants, the cooling of such pants can resemble the cooling of the aforementioned vest when closed, with one or more of the same exemplary components such as the airflow channel 680, the fans 2270, the hydraulic system, an intake vent, and an exhaust vent but with the components repositioned or reduced or increased in number as desired based on a diameter and height of each pants leg varying from comparable dimensions of the vest. In some aspects, for example, when the device 100 comprises flat structures such as a blanket, the cooling of the blanket can resemble the cooling of the vest when open, with one or more of the same exemplary components such as the airflow channel 680, the fans 2270, the hydraulic system, an intake vent, and an exhaust vent but with, again, the components repositioned or reduced or increased in number as desired based on a width and height of the blanket varying from comparable dimensions of the vest.

In some aspects, the fans 2270 or other components are not required in the device 100. For example and as desired, air flow and water flow can be supplied by an outside system and simply routed into the device 100 through tubing or hoses. In some aspects, for example the user 50 (e.g., a worker in a factory) can be relatively stationary and can get access to forced air, water, and electricity in close proximity to, if not inside, his or her place of work and can route same into a portion of the device 100, including a portion proximate to the bottom of the device 100.

In some aspects, the device 100 can comprise one or more heating filaments, with which the device 100 can be used to heat the user 50. Such heating elements can be directly attached to the inner layer 610 and can thereby directly touch the body or the clothing worn by the user 50. This is already frequently done in heated vests, and a similar Aconstruction could be added to the cooling vest. A heater could also be added that heats the water which is then distributed to the inner.

A method of manufacturing the heat management device 100 can comprise one or more of the following steps:

- 1. Forming the inner layer 610, which can comprise coating the “wet” sublayer 720 of the inner layer 610 with a polyurethane dry sublayer 710. In some aspects, coating the sublayer 720 can comprise using a wet chemical processes involving adhesives and a coagulated base. In some aspects, coating the sublayer 720 can comprise using a dry process involving two-component reactive polyether-polycarbonate.
- 2. Forming the outer layer 620.
- 3. Forming the spacer 630, which can include weaving with thread.
- 4. Cutting the inner layer 610, e.g., by laser cutting or die cutting.
- 5. Cutting the outer layer 620 by a similar or different method.
- 6. Cutting the spacer 630, e.g., by a similar or different method.
- 7. Bonding the base plate 850 to the inner layer 610, which can be with an adhesive.
- 8. Laying the inner layer 610 on a substantially flat work surface with the inner surface 611, which can be the “wet” side, facing up.
- 9. Laying the spacer 630 on top of the inner layer 610.
- 10. Lining up the mounting openings 808,858,958,1458.
- 11. Attaching, e.g., by sewing, the mesh panels 1340 to the inner layer 610 around the neckline.
- 12. Positioning the distribution line 1010 on the spacer 630, e.g., by routing the distribution line 1010 inside a channel 968 defined in the spacer 630. Positioning the distribution line 1010 on the spacer 630 can comprise routing the distribution lines 1010 for the reservoir 1510 in the middle and routing the distribution lines 1010 for wetting the inner layer 610 along the edges.
- 13. Installing the fittings 3370, e.g., for coupling, branching, or terminating a distribution line 1010, on one or more of the distribution lines 1010.
- 14. Installing a remainder of the distribution lines 1010.
- 15. Positioning strips or panels of the film 1040 on the spacer 630 to bond the spacer 630 and the outer layer 620.
- 16. Folding the edges or tabs 840 of the inner layer 610 over the spacer 630 and the film 1040.
- 17. Heating the corresponding joint, e.g., with a heated metal surface such as, for example and without limitation, a clothes iron.
- 18. Positioning strips or panels of the film 1040 on interior portions of the spacer 630, i.e., the ribs 960.
- 19. Positioning strips or panels of the film 1040 on the folded over taps of the inner layer 610.
- 20. Laying the outer layer 620 on top of the above assembly comprising the spacer 630 and the inner layer 610.
- 21. Aligning edges or ends of the outer layer 620 with edges of the above assembly.
- 22. Laying the outer layer 620 on the above assembly such that the waterproof (i.e., the “dry” sublayer 710) contacts the film 1040.
- 23. Moving the above assembly to heat press such that the layers do not shift relative to each other.
- 24. Setting the heat press to 415 degrees Fahrenheit.
- 25. Closing the heat press.
- 26. Holding the heat press closed for 30 seconds to bond the film 1040 between the spacer 630 and the outer layer 620.
- 27. Broadly speaking, sandwiching the spacer 630 between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 of the device 100 to form the airflow channel 680 therebetween. This can comprise sealing a connection between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620 to define the body chamber 688.
- 28. Leaving open the inlets to the distributions lines 1010.
- 29. Folding the vest over.
- 30. Joining the shoulder straps or ends to each other, which can comprise assembling, e.g., by sewing, the shoulder ends 823a,b,824a,b of the inner layer 610.
- 31. Hemming the edges or ends of the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620, e.g., by sewing in a rolled hem.
- 32. Attaching the fastener 190, e.g., by sewing.
- 33. Attaching the bias binding for the collar 1710 and the sleeve or side openings 117a,b.
- 34. Installing the pump 2560 in the enclosure 210.
- 35. Installing the motor driver electronics in the enclosure 210.
- 36. Connecting an output of the pump 2560 to the distributions lines 1010.
- 37. Attaching an inlet of the pump 2560 to the reservoir 1510.
- 38. Installing the fan 2270 in the fan module 2510 of the enclosure 210.
- 39. Positioning the fan module 2510 of the enclosure 210 on top of the base plate 850.
- 40. Securing the fan module 2510 to the base plate 850 with fasteners, e.g., mounting screws.
- 41. Affixing the outer layer 620 of the airflow channel 680 to this module with an adhesive or a clamp such as the reinforcement member 1050. It can be helpful to ensure that proper airflow is routed to the airflow channel 680 from the fan module 2510 and that the outer layer 620 does not impede such airflow.
- 42. Attaching battery pocket to the inner layer 610.
- 43. Installing the control button 310, e.g., on the enclosure 210 or on the outermost layer 1920 of the device body 110.

The method of manufacturing the device 100 can comprise joining the inner layer 610, the spacer 630, and the outer layer 620 together to form a flexible assembly. The method can comprise other bonding methods as well as fabric adhesive. Method steps comprising cutting can comprise laser cutting, die cutting, and cutting with shears. Fabric can be stretched over a body with shaped cutouts and joined to adjacent pieces with stitching and subsequent waterproofing of stitched seams, or via an adhesive joining process rather than a sewing process. Bonding of layers can be done via coating, adhesive joining, or using the film 1040. Bonds between different cuts of fabric can be also done with adhesive or sewing with seam sealing afterwards. In some aspects, method of manufacturing the heat management device 100 can comprise one or more of the following additional steps:

- 1. Cutting or otherwise forming openings in the outer layer 620 to allow passage of the electrical wire 2210 to the control button 310 and of the power cord 1630.
- 2. Forming the inlet airflow channel 1980 by preparing and assembling the inlet spacer 1930 and the outermost layer 1920.
- 3. Building the spacer assembly 2200 comprising the spacer 630 and the components of the electrical and hydraulic systems.
- 4. Inserting the spacer assembly 2200 in between the inner layer 610 and the outer layer 620.
- 5. Sealing the inner layer 610 to the fan or to the mounting plate 2275, e.g., with adhesive.
- 6. Bonding the film 1040 at the side ends to join the inner layer 610 to the outer layer 620 after the spacer assembly 2200 is inserted.
- 7. Cutting or otherwise forming openings in the outer layer 620 to allow passage of the distribution lines to come out of and go to the reservoir 1510.
- 8. Bonding the outermost layer 1920 to the outer layer 620 at the top edges, e.g., by sewing.
- 9. Adding the mesh panels on top of the outer layer 620.
- 10. Adding heating filaments to the device 100.

In some aspects, at a high level, a method of using the heat management device 100 can comprise one or more of the following additional steps:

- 1. Donning the shirt 250.
- 2. Donning the device 100.
- 3. Conforming an inner surface 111 of the device 100 to the contours of the body, which can comprise adjusting the tightening fastener(s) 3490a,b to a desired tightness.
- 4. Closing the device 100 with the fastener 190.
- 5. Powering on the vest to a desired cooling level. Powering on the vest can comprise holding down the control button 310 until control button lights of the control button 310 come on.
- 6. Clicking the control button 310 to cycle to the desired cooling setting (Blue=High, Red=Medium, Green=Low). Clicking or pressing the control button 310 can comprise sending a signal back to the electronics control unit, which can start the pump 2560 and the fans 2270. Cycling through the cooling settings can comprise sending control signals back to the microcontroller housed in the enclosure 210 and then powering the fans 2270 and the pump 2560 according to the user input from the buttons, which can comprise increasing or decreasing the fan power and pump power, which can thereby adjust the rate of cooling up or down.
- 7. If power doesn't turn on, checking that the battery 1610 (located on inside bottom of vest) still has charge.
- 8. Refilling the reservoir 1510 with water. The device 100 will indicate low water by turning off the control button 310 and buzzing three times in a row.
- 9. Refilling the reservoir 1510 while reservoir 1510 is still in the reservoir pocket 220, which can comprise refilling the reservoir 1510 with a fill cap secured to the reservoir 1510.

In some aspects, at a more specific level, a method of refilling the reservoir 1510 of the device 100 can comprise one or more of the following additional steps:

- 1. Removing the reservoir 1510 from the reservoir pocket 220.
- 2. Unscrewing a pouch cap and removing a filter tube.
- 3. Filling the reservoir 1510 with water.
- 4. Re-inserting a filter tube and putting the screw cap.
- 5. Place reservoir 1510 back into the reservoir pocket 220.

In some aspects, at a more specific level, a method of using the heat management device 100 can comprise one or more of the following additional steps:

- 1. Touching the body of the user 50 with the dry sublayer 710 of the inner layer 610, which can comprise keeping the body dry and conductively transferring heat between the body and the dry sublayer 710.
- 2. Drawing water from the reservoir 1510, e.g., with the pump 2560.
- 3. Wetting the wet sublayer 720 of the inner layer 610. Wetting can comprise spraying or dripping water through the distribution lines 1010 or using ultrasonic evaporation to deliver a fine mist.
- 4. Once the fabric is wetted, drawing moisture from one area of the fabric to other areas through capillary action. Drawing moisture across the wet sublayer 720 can take 30 to 60 seconds with three distribution lines 1010 and three channels 768. In some aspects, with more distribution lines 1010 and/or more channels 768, moisture can be drawn across the wet sublayer 720 in less time.
- 5. Coating the inner surface 611 of the inner layer 610 with water.
- 6. Drawing excess water from the inner layer 610 into the collector 2160 using gravity.
- 7. Removing water from the collector 2160, e.g., with the pump 2560.
- 8. Detecting the presence or absence of water in one of the reservoir 1510 and the collector 2160. Detecting the presence or absence of water can comprise monitoring power draw of the pump 2560. Measuring directly for the presence of water or moisture in one of the reservoir 1510 and the collector 2160 can comprise operating a sensor.
- 9. Using a check valve system to collect water from the collector 2160. In some aspects, when the pump 2560 such as a peristaltic pump is bidirectional (i.e., can reverse flow), a first side of the pump 2560 can connect to an input of a first check valve (not shown) and an output of a second check valve (not shown). This can be done through a T-fitting (not shown) and can be called an anti-parallel structure. A second side of the pump 2560 can be connected to the reservoir 1510. Unused sides of the first check valve or the second check valve can be connected to the collector 2160 or the distribution lines 1010. In some aspects, use of the first check valve and the second check valve can permit use of the single reversible pump 2560 instead of two non-reversible pumps.
- 10. Drawing air into the device 100 from outside the device 100. With use of the fan module 2510 of the enclosure 210, drawing air into the device 100 can comprise directing the airflow through the enclosure 210 and into the spacer 630.
- 11. Directing the airflow 570 through and across the airflow channel 680 of the device 100. Directing the airflow can comprise delivering the airflow through a duct directly coupled to a fan or distributed via a plenum. Directing the airflow can comprise ejecting air into another cavity. Directing the airflow comprise expelling the air from the device and returning the airflow to the ambient atmosphere at the end of the channel. The airflow channel 680 can contain and facilitate or allow circulation of each of the airflow 570 and the fluid used for cooling of the device 100.
- 12. Passing airflow over or across the wet sublayer 720 to cause evaporation of the fluid and thereby generate a form of evaporative cooling, conductive evaporative cooling, that conductively absorbs heat from the body through the dry sublayer 710. Passing airflow can comprise forcing airflow over the wet sublayer 720. Passing airflow can comprise passing natural airflow over the wet sublayer 720, i.e., using natural convection.
- 13. Maximizing a surface area of contact between the body and the dry sublayer 710 to minimize thermal resistance to heat transfer from the body.
- 14. In the case where the body can be wetted, touching the body of the user 50 with the wet sublayer 720 of the inner layer 610.
- 15. Absorbing heat conductively from the body through the inner layer 610.
- 16. Maintaining the device 100 in an upright position.
- 17. Causing the battery 1610 to stay on continuously during use of the device 100.
- 18. Causing the battery 1610 to enter a sleep mode or period of inactivity and reduced or no power consumption during use of the device 100.
- 19. Performing one or more of the method steps described with respect to FIGS. 42-46.

In some aspects, at a more specific level, a method of cleaning the heat management device 100 can comprise rinsing the device 100 or any portion of it with water. The method can comprise washing the device 100 in a washing machine. The method can comprise cycling hot water and detergent through the device 100 to clean the device 100.

A method of using the device 100 can comprise a different type of cooling method altogether such as a solid state heat pump or a refrigerant compressor system. The resulting cool air can then be transported through a separate distribution system, which can distribute the cool air over the body via the pump and onto the inner layer 610.

A method of using the device 100 can comprise cooling via a secondary evaporating cycle (indirect-direct evaporative cooling). Cooling via convection can also be used to pre-cool the air. This pre-cooled air can then be used in the system.

In some aspects, a method of using the device 100 can comprise delivering at least 100 watts of cooling using 7 watts of input power. In some aspects, a method of using the device 100 can comprise delivering at least 100 watts of cooling using 5 watts of input power. A method of using the device can comprise adjusting the cooling capacity based on the ambient temperature and humidity. In some aspects, a method of using the device 100 can comprise delivering at least 50 watts of cooling. In some aspects, a method of using the device 100 can comprise delivering at least 150 watts of cooling.

The device 100 can be used by a user playing summer sports; working in hot workplace or hot climate; taking part in leisure activities such as walking in high ambient temperatures (>90 degrees Fahrenheit); experiencing medical conditions such as hot flashes; working in hot working conditions such as kitchens, fire-fighting, or standard police service; and military activities during both training and military operations.

FIG. 42 shows a block diagram 4200, which can be considered a schematic, of the electrical components of FIG. 32 and the electrical interconnections therebetween. The block diagram 4200 can comprise the battery 4210, which can comprise the battery 1610; the printed circuit board (PCB) 2550; a button 4260, which can comprise the control button 310 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 40); one or more pumps 4280, which can comprise the one or more pumps 2560 (shown in FIG. 25); and one or more fans 4290, which can comprise the one or more fans 2270 (shown in FIG. 22). Meanwhile, the PCB 2550 itself can comprise a connector 4220 such as the aforementioned USB or microUSB connector; power protection 4230; a microcontroller 4240; a button switch 4250; and a motor driver 4270.

More specifically regarding interactions between other electrical components (i.e., positioned outside the PCB 2550 ) with the PCB 2550 and with each other, the PCB 2550 as a whole can be in electrical communication with and can draw power from the battery 4210. The button 4260 can be in electrical communication with and can draw power from the battery 4210 through the PCB 2550 and, more specifically, the connector 4220, the power protection 4230, and the button switch 4250. The button 4260 can also be in electrical communication with and send signals to the PCB 2550 and, more specifically, the microcontroller 4240. Each of the one or more pumps 4280 and the one or more fans 4290 can be in electrical communication with and can draw power from the battery 4210 through the PCB 2550 and, more specifically, the connector 4220, the power protection 4230, and the motor driver 4270. Each of the one or more pumps 4280 and the one or more fans 4290 can also be in electrical communication with the microcontroller 4240 through the motor driver 4270.

More specifically regarding interactions between components positioned on the PCB 2550, the power protection 4230 can be in electrical communication with the connector 4220; and each of the microcontroller 4240; the button switch 4250; and the motor driver 4270 can be in electrical communication with the power protection 4230. In some aspects, the button switch 4250 can be or can comprise a MOSFET switch. In some aspects, the button switch 4250 can be or can comprise a transistor or other switch.

FIG. 43 is a flowchart describing, at least in part, operation of power and control systems of the device 100 and, more specifically, a vest such as in FIG. 40 comprising the electrical components of FIG. 32 and, more specifically, a timed internal interrupt handler 4300 of such operation. The timed internal interrupt handler 4300 can comprise four steps 4310 through 4340 and can describe how the internal interrupt can be generated to create a timed function. In a first step 4310, an internal interrupt can be generated based on registers set as part of setup procedure. In a second step 4320, the interrupt handler is entered as soon as the microcontroller unit (MCU), e.g., the microcontroller 4240, is free to do so. In a third step 4330, the value for “tic” can be set to TRUE. Finally, in a fourth step 4340, the timed internal interrupt handler 4300 can be exited.

FIG. 44 is a flowchart describing, at least in part, operation of a power and controls system of a vest such as in FIG. 40 comprising the electrical components of FIG. 32 and, more specifically, a button interrupt handler 4400 of such operation. The button interrupt handler 4400 can comprise five steps 4410 through 4450 and can describe how a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal is generated by the button 4260 when energized. In other aspects, the generated signal can be analog or serial. The PWM signal or waveform can effectively facilitate the user 50 being able to adjust the voltage delivered to the fans 2270 and/or the pumps 2560. In a first step 4410, an external interrupt can be generated when there is change in a signal from the button 4260. In a second step 4420, it can be determined whether the signal is a rising edge or a falling edge. Based on that information, the width of ON time or OFF time can be calculated. For example and without limitation, ON can be VCC, which in some aspects is 5 V; and OFF can be GND, which in some aspects is 0 V. In a third step 4430, after a pulse width is determined, two of the four possible states of the button 4260 (OFF but energized, LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH) can be determined—in the case of the third step 4430 MEDIUM or HIGH. Because the two other states—OFF but energized and LOW—are either ON or OFF throughout and not captured by the button interrupt handler 4400, the two other states can be handled by the main function flowchart 4500 (shown in FIG. 45). In a fourth step 4440, necessary variables of a button state machine can be updated to capture a current estimation of the state of the button 4260. In a fifth step 4450, the button interrupt handler 4400 can be exited.

FIG. 45 is a flowchart 4500 describing, at least in part, overall or main operation of a power and controls system of a vest such as in FIG. 40 comprising the electrical components of FIG. 32. In a first step 4510, a user can connect the battery 4210 (shown in FIG. 42) and can power up the battery 4210. Powering up the battery 4210 can energize the PCB 2550 (shown in FIG. 42). In a second step 4520, the PCB 2550 can upon being energized initiate a boot up sequence. In addition, in the second step 4520, variables can be initialized, registers can be set, and interrupt services can be started. In a third step 4530, the program can proceed into an infinite loop, which can check for the value of the variable tic. Tic is modified by the timed internal interrupt handler 4300 (shown in FIG. 43) at a near consistent period. In a fourth step 4540, when tic=TRUE, the main function can be executed. More specifically, in a fifth step 4550, edge cases of the button 4260 (shown in FIG. 42)—whether the button 4260 is in an OFF or LOW position—can be checked and variables reset if needed. In a sixth step 4560, a fan speed of the fans 4290 (shown in FIG. 42) can be set or modified. More broadly, the controller or PCBA 2550 can be configured to control at least one parameter of the fans 2270 or the pumps 2560 by varying, for example, a speed of either component by varying an input voltage thereto. In a seventh step 4570, a pump state machine represented by the flowchart 4500 (shown in FIG. 45) can updated. The steps 4530 through 4570 can continue indefinitely until the battery 4210 is unplugged, dies, or powers down. Thus, as long as power is delivered to the PCB 2550, the microcontroller 4240 (shown in FIG. 42) will remain on.

FIG. 46 is a flowchart 4600 describing, at least in part, a pump state machine of the flowchart of FIG. 45. The flowchart 4600 can comprise six basic steps 4610 through 4660 and can capture the operation of the pumps. In a first step 4610, the pump state machine can be initialized at PUMP_OFF. The button 4260 (shown in FIG. 42) can be turned OFF at any time, immediately turning off the pumps 4280 (shown in FIG. 42). As soon as the state of the button 4260 changes from the OFF position, however, the pump state machine can move into an EMPTY_COLLECTOR step or a second step 4620, at which point one of the pumps 4280 can take water out of the collector 2160 and return it to the reservoir 1510 (shown in FIG. 15). A cut off point of a particular pump 4280 can be based on how much power is used by the pump 4280 over a given amount of time. Power usage below a threshold value can indicate that the pump 4280 is no longer pumping a fluid, while power usage at or above a threshold value can indicate that the pump 4280 is still pumping the fluid. If the vest was previously flooded or took a long time to empty the collector 2160, then the pump state machine can enter the NORMAL_EMPTY step or third step 4630. In the third step 4630, the fluid can be emptied from the reservoir 1510 for a set amount of time depending on the state of the button 4260 (which can be chosen by the user 50) and then proceed to a WAIT step or fourth step 4640. Upon initiation of the fourth step 4640, a certain amount of time can pass after which the cycle can repeat from the second step 4620. In some aspects, the amount of time can be fixed. In other aspects, the amount of time can be conditional or adjustable based on the amount of fluid drawn from the collector 2160 by the pump 2560 in fluid communication with and drawing fluid from the collector 2160. If the vest was not flooded, then in a FLOOD step or fifth step 4650 fluid can be drawn from the reservoir 1510 for a set, longer period of time than initially set during the NORMAL_EMPTY step, i.e., the third step 4630. After the set time, the pump state machine can return to the EMPTY_COLLECTOR step, i.e., the second step 4620, to check if enough water has been distributed into the vest. If during the NORMAL_EMPTY step 4630 or the FLOOD step 4650 we detect low power usage from the pump 4280 over a period of time, which can indicate that the collector is empty, the pump state machine can enter a NOTIFY_EMPTY step or sixth step 4660, at which point the pumps 4280 can be made to vibrate and the button turned ON and OFF to indicate to the user 50 that the reservoir 1510 is empty. From the NOTIFY_EMPTY step or sixth step 4660, the pump state machine and the button state machine can return to their respective OFF states in the PUMP_OFF state, i.e., the first step 4610. Again, if the button 4260 ever enters the OFF state then regardless of the state of the pump state machine it can also return to the first step 4610.

One should note that conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain aspects include, while other aspects do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more particular aspects or that one or more particular aspects necessarily comprise logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular aspect.

It should be emphasized that the above-described aspects are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the present disclosure. Any process descriptions or blocks in flow diagrams should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which comprise one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations are included in which functions may not be included or executed at all, may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described aspect(s) without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. Further, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any and all combinations and sub-combinations of all elements, features, and aspects discussed above. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present disclosure, and all possible claims to individual aspects or combinations of elements or steps are intended to be supported by the present disclosure.

	Number	Date	Country
	62982758	Feb 2020	US
	62933375	Nov 2019	US

COOLING APPAREL

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