Patent Application
20100232929
This invention relates generally to cooling a turbine engine component, and more particularly, to a relationship between channels in a film plate and channels in an impingement plate.
Gas turbine engines are known and typically include multiple sections, such as a fan section, a compression section, a combustor section, a turbine section, and an exhaust nozzle section. Blades within the compressor and turbine sections are often mounted for rotation about an axis. The blades have an airfoil profile extending radially from a mounting platform toward a blade tip. Rotating the blades compresses air in the compression section. The compressed air mixes with fuel and is combusted in the combustor section. The products of combustion expand to rotatably drive blades in the turbine section.
As known, components of the engine are often exposed to extreme temperatures and require cooling. Accordingly, some areas of the engine, such as the blade outer air seals, include impingement plates and film plates. Cooling air communicates through impingement channels established in the impingement plates and impinges on another area of the engine to facilitate removing thermal energy from the engine. Cooling air communicates through film channels established in the film plates and flows over surfaces of the engine to remove thermal energy, for example. A challenge of the designs incorporating such channels, especially film channels, is preventing clogging due to dirt and other particulate matter.
An example turbine component cooling arrangement includes a film plate having a plurality of film channels extending from film channel entrances on a first side of the film plate to corresponding film channel exits on an opposing second side of the film plate. The arrangement also includes an impingement plate establishing a plurality of impingement channels. The impingement plate is spaced a distance from the film plate. The plurality of impingement channels are configured to direct a fluid across the distance to contact the film plate between adjacent ones of the film channel entrances. In one example, the distance from the film plate to the impingement plate is between two and four times more than diameter of one of the impingement channels.
An example cooling arrangement for a turbine component includes a turbine component having a film cooling portion and an impingement cooling portion that is spaced a distance from the film cooling portion. The film cooling portion establishes a film channel array having a plurality of film channels each extending along a film channel axis from a film channel entrance on a first side of the film cooling portion to a film channel exit on an opposing second side of the film cooling portion. The impingement cooling portion establishes an impingement cooling array having a plurality of impingement channels each extending along an impingement axis from an impingement channel entrance on a first side of the impingement cooling portion to an impingement channel exit on an opposing second side of the impingement cooling portion. The film channel array is staggered relative to the impingement cooling array.
An example method of fragmenting particulate matter within a turbine component cooling system includes communicating a particulate through an impingement plate channel and directing the particulate from the impingement plate channel at portions of a film plate that are between the film channel entrances established in the film plate.
These and other features of the example disclosure can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
In a two-spool design, the high-pressure turbine 30 utilizes the extracted energy from the hot combustion gases to power the high-pressure compressor 22 through a high speed shaft 38, and the low-pressure turbine 34 utilizes the extractive energy from the hot combustion gases to power the low-pressure compressor 18 and the fan section 14 through a low speed shaft 42. The examples described in this disclosure are not limited to the two-spool engine architecture described and may be used in other architectures, such as a single-spool axial design, a three-spool axial design, and still other architectures. That is, there are various types of engines that could benefit from the examples disclosed herein, which are not limited to the design shown.
Referring now to
A fluid supply 66 provides fluid, such as air, that is communicated to a supply cavity 70 within the engine 10 adjacent the blade outer air seal 58. From the supply cavity 70, the fluid moves through a plurality of impingement channels 74 established within an impingement plate 78 of the blade outer air seal 58. Depending on the structure of the blade outer air seal 58, the impingement plate 78 can be contoured, curved, etc. to adjust for different areas. That is, although described herein as generally planar, a person skilled in the art and having the benefit of this disclosure will understand that the impingement plate 78 may take many forms depending on the specific areas of the blade outer air seal 58 or other portion of the engine 10 where a cooling fluid flow is desired.
In this example, the fluid moves through a plurality of film channels 82 established within a film plate 86 after exiting the impingement channels 74. Fluid then exits the film channels 82 and flows over an exterior of the blade outer air seal 58 to remove thermal energy near the sealing interface. As known, particulate matter, such as sand, can block fluid flow through the impingement channels 74 and the film channels 82.
The fluid enters the impingement channels 74 at an impingement channel entrance 90, flows along an axis Ai, and exits the impingement channels 74 at impingement channel exits 94. The fluid enters the film channels 82 at film channel entrances 98, flows along an axis Af, and exits the film channels 82 at film channel exits 102. The example impingement channels 74 have a circle-shaped cross-section, and the example film channels 82 have an oval-shaped cross-section. The axis Ai is transverse to the axis Af.
In this example, the impingement channels 74 are arranged within an array 106 having a plurality of rows 110 and 112, and a plurality of columns 114 and 116. The impingement channels 74 each have a diameter D, which provides a reference for establishing spacing within the array 106. In this example, the distance between the centers of the impingement channels 74 in the row 110 and the centers of the impingement channels 74 in the adjacent row 112 is about 7.1 times the diameter D. The distance between the centers of the impingement channels 74 within the column 114 and the centers of the impingement channels 74 in the adjacent column 116 is about 14 times the diameter D.
The film channels 82 are arranged in an array 128. In this example, the density of the array 128 is greater than the density of the array 106. That is, there are more film channels 82 than impingement channels 74 within a similarly sized area.
The array 128 of film channels 82 has a plurality of rows 132 and 134, and a plurality of columns 136 and 138. The distance between the centers of the film channels 82 in the row 132 and the centers of the film channels 82 in the adjacent row 134 is about 3.5 times the diameter D. The distance between the centers of the film channels 82 within the column 136 and the centers of the film channels 82 in the column 138 is about 7.1 times the diameter D.
In this example, the array 106 of impingement channels 74 is staggered relative to the array 128 of fluid channels 82. That is, the impingement channels 74 are positioned between adjacent ones of the film channels 82 in the direction 5.
In this example, the distance between the impingement plate 78 and the film plate 86 is about 3 times the diameter D. In other examples, the distance between the impingement plate 78 and the film plate 86 ranges from 2 times the diameter D to 4 times the diameter D.
Communicating the fluid through the impingement channels 74 directly against the film plate 86 between the film channels 82 facilitates breaking down or fragmenting the particulate matter 88 carried with the fluid.
In the prior art, an array 106a of impingement channels 74a is not staggered relative to an array 128a of a film channels 82a. That is, in the prior art, the impingement channels 74a are positioned in line with the film channels 82a. Accordingly, in the prior art, the fluid and the particulate matter that is communicated through the impingement channels 74a is directed at the film channel 82a, not between the impingement channels 74a.
Features of this invention include an array of impingement channels staggered relative to an array of film channels such that particulate matter carried by fluid through the impingement channels directly impinges between the film channels on the film plate.
Although a preferred embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.
This invention was made with government support under Contract No. VAATE I: F33615-03-D-2354/0002 awarded by the United States Air Force. The Government may have certain rights in this invention.
