Patent Grant
11448231
The present disclosure relates to a cooling fan assembly that may be used in motor vehicles or in other applications such as cooling fan for a home heating and cooling system.
Vehicles often include various components that are cooled by a heat exchanger, such as a radiator. Heated air may be drawn or moved through the radiator by a cooling fan module. Cooling fan modules may include a powered fan that is housed within a frame and operable to move drawn air from an upstream side of the frame to a downstream side of the frame. Air drawn to the downstream side of the frame recirculates to the upstream side through gap between fan blade tip and frame opening, thus leading to in efficiencies.
According to one or more embodiments, a cooling fan module is provided. The cooling fan module may include a fan assembly and a fan shroud. The fan shroud of the cooling fan module may include a first sidewall that may extend in a radial direction and define an opening. The fan assembly may include a hub disposed within the opening, a blade or a number of blades, each extending from the hub to a distal end that may include a first side and a second side converging to form a first leading edge with respect to the rotational direction. The fan assembly may include a winglet that may include a first fin, extending in the axial direction from the distal end of the blade and a second fin extending in the radial direction. The first and second fins may each form surfaces that rotate about the rotational axis of the fan. The first fin may extend along a segment of a first circle that extends between the distal ends of each of the blades. The second fin may extend from the first fin to a segment of a second circle that may have a larger diameter than the first circle.
In one or more embodiments, portions of the first fin, extending in an axial direction from the distal end, may be disposed on the first side and the second side of the blade. The first fin extending in the axial direction may form a second leading edge. In one or more embodiments, the second fin includes a third leading edge and a trailing edge, each arranged with respect to the rotational direction, and a distal edge extending therebetween. The third leading edge and the trailing edge may extend along a first angle and a second angle, respectively. The first angle and the second angle may each be oblique to a radial line extending from rotational axis. The trailing edge may extend along the radial line. In one or more embodiments, the first angle may range between 0 degrees and 70 degrees.
In one or more embodiments, the first fin may define a second leading edge and a portion of the first leading edge disposed at the distal end may extend beyond the second leading edge. The portion may have a substantially planar shape and may not be curved as the rest of the first leading edge. The portion of the first leading edge disposed at the distal end may define a third angle that may be substantially equal to 90 degree. In one or more embodiments, the third angle is based on requirements for tooling. In one or more embodiments, the second leading edge of the first fin may define a fourth angle that may be equal to or greater than the first angle.
The first fin may have a first corner and a second corner, the second corner may be positioned substantially diagonal to the first corner and the distal end of the blade may extend between the first corner and the second corner.
According to another embodiment, a cooling fan module including a frame provided with a first sidewall extending in a radial direction and defining a central opening, and a fan assembly disposed within the central opening is provided. The fan assembly may include a hub, a blade extending from the hub to a distal end and including a first side and a second side converging to form a first leading edge, and a winglet including a first fin extending in the axial direction from the distal end and a second fin extending in the radial direction. In one or more embodiments, portions of the first fin extending in the axial direction from the distal end are disposed on the first side and the second side of the blade.
In one or more embodiments, the frame may be provided with a second sidewall forming an inner periphery of the central opening and axially extending from the first sidewall. The first fin may at least partially overlap the second sidewall. The winglet may include a medial portion extending between the first fin and the second fin. And the medial portion may be concave with respect to an inner periphery of the central opening. The medial portion and the first fin may each be axially and/or radially spaced apart from the first sidewall. To further reduce blade tip recirculating flow, the frame may be provided with a third sidewall extending radially from the downstream end of the second sidewall towards fan axis, which end at about the same radius as blade distal end. There is a clearance in axial direction between winglet and the third sidewall about the same dimension as the clearance between winglet and the second sidewall.
According to yet another embodiment, a fan assembly for use in a vehicle cooling fan module, is provided. The fan assembly may be rotatable in a rotational direction about a rotational axis. The cooling fan module may include a fan shroud provided with a first sidewall extending in a radial direction defining an opening. The cooling fan assembly may also include a hub disposed within the opening, a blade extending from the hub to a distal end which includes a first side and a second side converging to form a first leading edge with respect to the rotational direction. Moreover, the fan assembly may have a winglet having a first fin, extending in the axial direction and a second fin extending in the radial direction. The first fin may include a second leading edge with respect to the rotational direction and a portion of the first leading edge disposed at the distal end of the blade extends beyond the second leading edge of the first fin. In one or more embodiments, the portion may lie within a common surface of the first fin.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples and other embodiments can take various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features could be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the embodiments. As those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, various features illustrated and described with reference to any one of the figures can be combined with features illustrated in one or more other figures to produce embodiments that are not explicitly illustrated or described. The combinations of features illustrated provide representative embodiments for typical applications. Various combinations and modifications of the features consistent with the teachings of this disclosure, however, could be desired for particular applications or implementations.
Vehicles may include one or more cooling fan modules to cool heat-generating components, such as an engine, battery, transmission, radiator, or electric motor. An exemplary cooling fan module is described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,909,485 and is hereby incorporated by reference. Another exemplary cooling fan module is described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2019/0353083 A1 (the '083 application) and is hereby incorporated by reference. The '083 application describes forward and rearward swept blade elements. Cooling fan modules may include a fan assembly disposed within an opening of a fan shroud. When powered the motor rotates the fan to create an airflow to displace heated air away from the radiator. The side of the cooling fan module disposed closest to the radiator may be referred to as the upstream side and the side disposed further away from the radiator may be referred to as the downstream side.
Pressure downstream from the fan may be higher than pressure on the upstream side of the fan. This pressure difference may drive recirculating airflow from the downstream side back to the upstream side through a space that may be referred to as a clearance gap between the fan and the opening defined by the fan shroud. This recirculating airflow may be drawn across distal ends or tips of the fan blades, thus decreasing efficiency and leading to unwanted noise.
The clearance gap between the blade tip and the shroud opening needs to be large enough to allow for variation caused by manufacturing tolerances and deformation of the fan as the fan rotates. A relatively large clearance gap may result in increased tip recirculating flow that may cause reduced fan efficiency and increased fan noise. Known cooling fan modules include a fan ring or band that extends between each of the fan blades. These fan rings or band may mitigate blade deformation and reduce tip recirculation loss. Other cooling fan modules do not include a ring or a band and as such, they may suffer from relatively large recirculating loss and have an associated low operating efficiency. Operating efficiency may refer to the amount of power required for a certain air flow rate against certain pressure difference.
The present disclosure attempts to resolve the above-mentioned problems. For example, the present disclosure describes a bandless fan provided with a number of winglets disposed at a distal end of each of the fan blades. The cooling fan modules provided in the present disclosure may increase or maximize efficiency of the cooling fan modules by minimizing recirculation leakage between the fan assembly and the shroud, which also lead to reduced fan noise. Eliminating the band or fan ring may reduce the amount of material required to produce the fan, decrease the weight and mass moment of inertia of the fan which lead to increase of the natural frequency of the fan.
In the following discussion of the figures, a polar coordinate system is utilized. An axial direction extends along an axis of rotation of the fan assembly. A radial direction extends orthogonal to the axial direction from the axis of rotation towards a periphery of the frame of the cooling fan module.
The term orthogonal means one or more surfaces or lines intersect at a right angle or are arranged at a right angle. The term planar means a surface is flat and lies along a surface.
The term “leading edge” may be used herein to describe the foremost edge of a fan blade, whose cross sections are aerofoils (i.e., airfoils), with respect to the rational direction. The term “trailing edge” may be used herein to describe the rear most edge of a fan blade, whose cross sections are aerofoils (i.e., airfoils), with respect to the rotational direction.
As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular form “a,” “an,” and “the” comprise plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, reference to a component in the singular is intended to comprise a plurality of components.
The term “substantially” or “about” may be used herein to describe disclosed or claimed embodiments. The term “substantially” or “about” may modify a value or relative characteristic disclosed or claimed in the present disclosure. In such instances, “substantially” or “about” may signify that the value or relative characteristic it modifies is within ±0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 10% of the value or relative characteristic.
When an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). The term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
Referring generally to the Figures, a cooling fan module 100 is provided. The cooling fan module 100 may include a fan assembly 102 and a fan shroud 104. The fan assembly 102 may rotate in a rotational direction RD about a rotational axis A. The fan shroud 104 may be provided with a first sidewall 106 that may extend in a radial direction and that may define an opening 108. The fan assembly 102 may include a hub 110 that may be substantially disposed within the opening 108 and one or more blades 112 that may extend from the hub 110 to a distal end 114. A winglet 116 may extend from the distal end 114 of each of the blades 112.
The fan assembly 102 provided with a winglet 116 may weigh less and have a higher natural frequency than known banded fans such as the prior-art fan and prior-art fan ring 6 described above. Experiments have shown that the winglet 116 may increase the natural frequency, such as a first order natural frequency, of the fan assembly 102 by at least 20 Hz as compared to fans of similar size, having an overall diameter ranging between 500 mm and 600 mm. Experiments and simulations have also shown that the fan assembly 102 provided with the winglets 116 is collectively lighter and more efficient than known banded fans. As an example, the fan assembly 102 has shown at least a 3% increase in operating efficiency as compared to a similarly sized banded fan.
Each of the blades 112 may include a first side 118 and a second side 120 that may converge to form a first leading edge 122. The first side 118 may face towards a pressure side or downstream side of the cooling fan module 100 and the second side 120 may face towards the upstream side of the cooling fan module 100.
One or more of the winglets 116 may include a first fin 124 that may extend in the axial direction from the distal end 114, and a second fin 126 that may extend in the radial direction from the distal end 114. In one or more embodiments, portions of the first fin 124 may be disposed on the first side 118 and the second side 120 of one or more of the blades 112. The first fin 124 may define a second leading edge 128 and a portion 130 of the first leading edge 122, disposed at the distal end 114, may extend beyond the second leading edge 128. In other words, the first fin 124 may stop short and not extend over the entire distal end 114 of the blade 112 so that the portion 130 of the first leading edge 122 at the distal end 114 extends beyond the first fin 124. The portion 130 may have a substantially planar shape and may not be curved as the rest of the first leading edge 122. This configuration may prevent trapping of air that may lead to a relatively high air pressure point at or near where the first fin 124 meets the distal end 114 at the first leading edge 122. A high pressure point or points may lead to airflow separation that may increase noise level and fan torque and may decrease the efficiency of the fan assembly 102.
The second fin 126 may include a third leading edge 132, a trailing edge 134, and a distal edge portion 136 extend therebetween. The third leading edge 132 and the trailing edge 134 may extend along a first angle A1 and a second angle A2, respectively. The first angle A1 and the second angle A2 may each be oblique to a radial line R extending from rotational axis A. The trailing edge 134 may extend along the radial line RL2. The portion 130 of the first leading edge 122 disposed at the distal end 114 may define a third angle A3 that may be substantially perpendicular to the radial line RL1. The first fin 124 having the second leading edge 128 may define a fourth angle A4 that may be equal to or greater than the first angle A1.
The description of the leading edges of the winglet 116 and fan assembly 102 illustrated in
The first fin 124 may include a first corner 138 and a second corner 140 that may be positioned substantially diagonal to the first corner 138. In one or more embodiments, the distal end 114 of the blade 112 may extend between the first corner 138 and the second corner 140.
Referring specifically to
The fan shroud 104 according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, may be a frame in which the fan assembly 102 is mounted and is arranged and/or secured on or in the vicinity of the cooler. The fan shroud 104 may be formed of a plastic material, for example polyethylene, polyamide, nylon, glass filled or a combination therefrom. In other embodiments, the fan shroud 104 may be formed of a metal material, for example iron, steel, aluminum, magnesium or the like or a combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the fan shroud 104, a motor mount ring (not illustrated), and the struts may be formed as a single-piece of plastic that may be formed by injection molding. As an example, the fan shroud 104 may have more than one opening 108, hub 110, or motor. Such an arrangement may be used when one fan assembly is not enough to provide sufficient airflow to displace the generated heat. In one or more embodiments, the motor mounted in the motor mounting ring and supported by the struts is an electric motor. Additionally, the fan shroud 104 may include at least one closable opening such as a flap. One or more closable openings may be provided to allow more airflow in certain ram air conditions.
The first fin 124 and the second fin 126 may each extend so that each are substantially parallel to the first sidewall 106 and the second sidewall 142, respectively. The first fin 124 may be aligned radially with respect to the first sidewall 106 so that the first fin 124 substantially overlaps the first sidewall 106. As an example, the first fin 124 may have a length L1 that may overlap the first sidewall, or the second sidewall 142, or both by at least 4 mm. The second fin 126 may have a length L2 so that at least a portion of the second fin 126 axially overlaps the first sidewall 106. The second fin 126 may overlap the first sidewall by at least 2 mm.
The length L1 may be a function of the slope of the one or more blades 112 so that the length L1 is substantially equal to an axial depth of the blade. In general, the length L1 may be sufficiently long to overlap the first sidewall 106 to block and/or reduce tip recirculating flow. As an example, the length L1 may range between 10 mm and 20 mm. In general, the length L2 extending in the radial direction need to be sufficient enough to cover the gap between the fin and shroud barrel to direct the recirculating flow in the radial direction to reduce this flow.
In one or more embodiments, the winglet 116 is plastic for example polyethylene, polyamide, nylon, glass filled or a combination therefrom. In other embodiments, the winglet 116 is made of a metal material, for example iron, steel, aluminum, magnesium or the like or a combination therefrom. In one or more embodiments, the hub 110, the blades 112, the winglet 116, or any combination therefrom are formed as a single-piece plastic injection mold part. As another example, the first fin 124 may be made out of a different material than the second fin 126.
A portion of the second leading edge 128, such as where the bottom surface 148 and the second leading edge 128 converge may include one or more curved portions. The curved portions may be required so that the winglet 116 and fan blade may be formed by injection molding. As an example, the radii may range between 20% and 35% of the thickness of the winglet first fin 124.
In one or more embodiments, the first fin 124 and the second fin 126 may each have a thickness that corresponds to a thickness of the blade 112. For example, if the blade 112 has a thickness of 4 mm, the first fin 124, or the second fin 126, or both may have a thickness of 1 mm. If the blade 112 has a thickness of 6 mm, the first fin 124, or the second fin 126, or both may have a thickness of 1.5 mm. The thickness of the blades and the fins may vary depending on the overall size of the fan and the relative stiffness of the material used to form the blades 112 and winglets 116. The thickness of the medial portion 144 may be substantially equal to the thickness of each of the fins 124, 126.
The medial portion 144 may extend between the first fin 124 and the second fin 126. A forward most portion of the second fin 126 and the medial portion 144 may form the third leading edge 132. The third leading edge 132 may extend to the distal edge portion 136 and the distal edge portion 136 may terminate at the trailing edge 134. The distal edge portion 136 may be substantially parallel to first fin 124. As an example, a distal curved portion 152 may extend between the distal edge portion 136 and the third leading edge 132. The distal curved portion 152 may be curved to prevent airflow separation.
As described above, a portion 130 of the first leading edge 122 at the distal end 114 may be provided with a substantially planar shape. The second leading edge 128 may converge or extend to the portion 130. In one or more embodiments, the portion 130 may lie within a surface P that may be common with the first fin. As an example, the common surface P may be defined by the top surface 146 and the bottom surface 148 of the first fin 124. The common surface P is represented by the rectangular box formed by dashed lines in
Referring specifically to
The winglet 116 may be arranged with respect to one or more radial lines extending from the axis of rotation A. As an example, the first radial line RL1 may extend to a forward most portion of the top surface of first fin 146. A second radial line RL2 may extend from the rotational axis A to the trailing edge 134. As an example, the first radial line RL1 and the second radial line RL2 may form an angle defined by a chord length of blade tip section and blade tip radius. The chord length may refer to the distance between a leading edge point and a trailing edge point defined by a fan blade section. A blade section may refer to a cross sectional surface intersection between a blade and a cylindrical surface which has the same axis as the fan.
In one or more embodiments, the third leading edge 132 extends along the first angle A1 that may be oblique to either the first radial line RL1, the second radial line RL2, or both. In other words, the first angle A1 may be acute with respect to the first radial line RL1 that extends from and is perpendicular to the rotational axis A. This may help reduce drag or airflow resistance. In one or more embodiments the first angle A1 may be less than or equal to 70 degrees.
The trailing edge 134 of the second fin 126 may extend along the second radial line RL2. When the trailing edge 134 is defined by the second radial line RL2, the angle A2 is substantially equal to 0 degrees. In an alternative embodiment, the second radial line may extend through a portion of the second fin 126 and the trailing edge 134 of the second fin may extend along the second angle A2 so that the angle A2 is greater than 0 degrees. In other words, the second angle A2 may be acute with respect to the first or second radial lines RL1, RL2.
The second leading edge 128 of the first fin 124 may define the fourth angle A4 that may be oblique to either the first radial line RL1, the second radial line RL2, or both. The fourth angle that may be equal to or greater than the first angle A1 to reduce airflow resistance. As an example, the fourth angle A4 is less than or equal to 70 degrees with respect to the first radial line RL1 extending from and perpendicular to the rotational axis A.
Referring to
Referring to
Straight, forward and backward sweep blades may have different aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. Exemplary geometrical characteristics of forward swept and back swept blades are provided in the '083 application.
Referring to
A foremost portion of the first fin 324 includes a second leading edge 328 that may be angled with respect to the radial lines R1 and R2 (
Referring to
For straight and forward swept fans, the leading edge 328 of the winglet 316 may cover the entire distal end of the fan blade to reduce airflow recirculation at the blade tip. A forward most portion of the second fin 326 and the medial portion 344 may form the third leading edge 332. The third leading edge 332 may extend to a distal edge portion 336 and the distal edge portion 336 may terminate at a trailing edge 334. As an example, a connecting portion 352 may extend between the distal edge portion 336 and the third leading edge. The connecting portion 352 may be curved to prevent airflow separation. The leading edge of the winglet may extend in the rotational direction past the leading edge 122 of the blade 312 by a distance L3. The distance L3 may range from 3 mm to 7 mm.
For forward swept, back swept, or straight fans, the trailing edge of winglet may be tapered to reduce recirculating flow. In one or more embodiments, the first fin 324 may be tapered between the second leading edge 328 and the trailing edge 334 of the second fin 326. As an example, the first fin 324 includes a second trailing edge 354 in a direction opposite the rotational direction by a distance L4. The distance L4 may range between 0.1 mm and 2 mm. In addition, the second trailing edge 354 may define an angle A6. The angle may range between 10° and 90°, so that a width of the first fin 324 decreases near the trailing edge 354.
While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms encompassed by the claims. The words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. As previously described, the features of various embodiments can be combined to form further embodiments of the invention that may not be explicitly described or illustrated. While various embodiments could have been described as providing advantages or being preferred over other embodiments or prior art implementations with respect to one or more desired characteristics, those of ordinary skill in the art recognize that one or more features or characteristics can be compromised to achieve desired overall system attributes, which depend on the specific application and implementation. These attributes can include, but are not limited to cost, strength, durability, life cycle cost, marketability, appearance, packaging, size, serviceability, weight, manufacturability, ease of assembly, etc. As such, to the extent any embodiments are described as less desirable than other embodiments or prior art implementations with respect to one or more characteristics, these embodiments are not outside the scope of the disclosure and can be desirable for particular applications.
The following is a list of reference numbers shown in the Figures. However, it should be understood that the use of these terms is for illustrative purposes only with respect to one embodiment. And, use of reference numbers correlating a certain term that is both illustrated in the Figures and present in the claims is not intended to limit the claims to only cover the illustrated embodiment.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3680977 | Rabouyt | Aug 1972 | A |
| 4802771 | Weetman | Feb 1989 | A |
| 6024537 | Moreau | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6517315 | Belady | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6626640 | Ivanovic | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 7189061 | Hong | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7244110 | Hong | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7478993 | Hong | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 8491270 | Eguchi | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8550782 | Hoskins | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8568095 | Bushnell | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 9909485 | Hong | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 10190601 | Dygert | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10844770 | Hong | Nov 2020 | B2 |
| 20190353083 | Wichers et al. | Nov 2019 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2405050 | Aug 1975 | DE |
| 3203061 | Aug 2017 | EP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220025899 A1 | Jan 2022 | US |
