Patent Application
20050081525
The present invention relates to a system for cooling liquid fuel components subject to conduction and radiation heating, and in particular, to a system for directing pressurized ambient temperature air to an annulus located between a component and a sleeve installed around the component or cool liquid to a tube in physical contact with the component.
Gas turbines typically operate on natural gas fuel, with fuel oil (typically No. 2 distillate) often used as a contingency for periods of gas unavailability. When a gas turbine is operating on natural gas fuel, the fuel oil typically remains in liquid fuel lines (e.g., piping/tubing) leading to the combustor nozzles of the gas turbine. The stagnant fuel oil in the liquid fuel lines is often exposed to the turbine compartment air temperatures of up to 250° F., and turbine surfaces of up to 800° F.
Typically, a gas turbine has a number of combustors positioned around the turbine, each combustor having a gas fuel nozzle and a liquid fuel nozzle. When the turbine is running on one type of fuel, the nozzle for the other type of fuel must be purged of the other type of fuel. Thus, for example, when a turbine is switched from running on fuel oil back to running on natural gas fuel, the fuel oil in the liquid fuel nozzle must be purged. Over time, this fuel nozzle “purge air” fills some portion of the liquid fuel piping leading up to the liquid fuel nozzle as the level of fuel oil in the piping recedes due to leakage past upstream shutoff valves, and by thermal expansion and contraction with no make-up supply of liquid fuel. This air-oil interface on the coated surfaces of the piping system and valves (e.g., check valves, ball valves, spool valves, etc.) in the presence of the radiated, conducted, and convected heat, leads to coke formation in the liquid fuel piping, resulting in flow restriction and inoperable valves. Eliminating any one of the three ingredients required for coke formation (i.e., fuel oil, heat and air) will prevent coking. Since it is not practical to eliminate fuel oil or air in a turbine, it would be beneficial to eliminate the heating of the liquid fuel lines, thereby resulting in the prevention of coking in the liquid fuel line piping and valves.
Prior attempts have been made to direct turbine compartment cooling air flow to areas subject to coking, but sufficient temperature cooling could not be attained. Typically, a combustor in a turbine operates at a temperature well over 2000° F. The heat from the combustors radiates toward components, such as the fuel oil piping and valves, sitting in the turbine enclosure. Even with attempts to ventilate the enclosure that included directing cooling air toward components subject to coking, air temperatures of 300° F. around such components was still typical. Lower temperatures could not be attained, even though 30,000 cubic feet per minute of air is typically moving through the enclosure of a turbine.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system for cooling at least one gas turbine liquid fuel component located in a high temperature environment to eliminate coking in the at least one component comprises a sleeve surrounding the at least one liquid fuel component, a device for providing a current of cool air, and a conduit connected between the cool air device and the sleeve to direct the current of cool air into the sleeve to cool the liquid fuel component. The system can further comprise a manifold connected to the conduit and a plurality of second conduits that connect the manifold to a plurality of sleeves surrounding a plurality of liquid fuel components, each sleeve being connected to a corresponding second conduit. The sleeve is comprised of two halves assembled together over the liquid fuel components and a plurality of spacing devices for centering the sleeve around the at least one liquid fuel component so as to form an annulus between the sleeve and the at least one liquid fuel component.
In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system for cooling gas turbine liquid fuel components located in a high temperature environment to eliminate coking in the components comprises a blower for providing a current of cool air, a first tube connected to the blower, a manifold connected to the first tube, a plurality of second tubes extending from the manifold, and a plurality of sleeves jacketing the liquid fuel components that are connected to the plurality of second tubes extending from the manifold, each sleeve surrounding at least one liquid fuel component and being connected to a corresponding second conduit. Each sleeve is comprised of at least two halves assembled together over the liquid fuel component and a plurality of spacing devices for centering the sleeve around the liquid fuel component so as to form an annulus between the sleeve and the liquid fuel component.
In yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system for cooling at least one gas turbine liquid fuel component located in a high temperature environment to eliminate coking in the component comprises a blower to draw in external ambient air, a supply header connected to the blower, a supply manifold connected to the supply header, at least one supply tube extending from the manifold, and at least one sleeve jacketing the liquid fuel components. The sleeve includes an annulus located between the sleeve and the fuel oil components through which cooling air flows to reduce the temperature of the fuel oil components.
In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system for cooling at least one gas turbine liquid fuel component located in a high temperature environment to eliminate coking in the at least one component comprises an insulating jacket surrounding the at least one liquid fuel component, a supply of cool liquid, a pump connected to the supply of cool liquid for providing a current of said cool liquid, and a conduit connected to the pump and extending into the jacket wherein the conduit is positioned adjacent to the liquid fuel component to direct the current of cool liquid to cool said component. The system can further comprise a first manifold connected to the conduit and at least one second conduit extending from the manifold and being adjacent to the liquid fuel component. The at least one second conduit can be a plurality of second conduits that are connected to the first manifold and extending adjacent to a plurality of liquid fuel components. It is also possible to have a plurality of second conduits extend and be adjacent to a single liquid fuel component. The system can also further comprise a second manifold connected to the at least one second conduit, at least one third conduit, and a cooling liquid return connected to the at least one third conduit for transferring away a current of liquid absorbing heat from the at least one liquid fuel component.
The advantages of the present invention, will be more completely understood and appreciated by careful study of the following more detailed description of the presently preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Supply header 16 leads to a supply manifold 22 located within the turbine's enclosure 24. Extending from supply manifold 22 are a plurality of additional or second conduits preferably in the form of a plurality of individual supply tubes 26, one for each combustor 30 contained in the turbine (not shown). Each supply tube 26 feeds a sleeve 28 which surrounds or “jackets” the liquid fuel component, such as liquid fuel tubing 32 and liquid fuel valve 35 for delivering fuel oil to combustor 30, which are prone to coking due to heating. Thus, by way of example, sleeve 28 jackets fuel oil tubing 32 feeding fuel oil to combustor 30. The cooling air fed to sleeve 28 from supply manifold 22 through supply tubing 26 is directed to an annulus 34 between sleeve 28 and tubing 32. The cooling air then exits the open ends 36 of sleeve 28.
a illustrates a first embodiment of the air flow control sleeve 28 used in the air cooling system of the present invention. Sleeve 28 is preferably fabricated from rigid tubing, sized to provide an annulus 34 that allows sufficient cooling air flow to keep the fuel-oil components, such as fuel oil tubing 32, below the temperature at which coke will form. Additionally, sleeve 28 is sized to perform as a radiation shield against heat. Sleeve 28 is preferably made from two halves 40a and 40b, with an axial split line that allows sleeve 28 to be assembled over the fuel-oil components, such as fuel oil tubing 32. In the embodiment shown in
Sleeve 28 is prevented from physically touching fuel oil tubing 32 by a plurality of springs 48 that are mounted to sleeve 28 and positioned between sleeve 28 and tubing 32. This allows the sizing of annulus 34 to be maintained. A cooling air inlet 42 is fabricated with a disk 45 that is welded or otherwise suitably attached to sleeve 28 half 40a or 40b to direct air into annulus 34. As can be seen in
b illustrates an alternative embodiment of the air flow control sleeve 28 used in the present invention. Here again, sleeve 28 is fabricated from rigid tubing made from two halves 42a and 42b sized in a manner identical to that used with respect to sleeve 28 shown in
Preferably, sleeve 28 is fabricated from stainless steel tubing, although it should be noted that sleeve 28 can be made from any rigid material that can handle the 400° F. temperature typically found in enclosure 24 of a turbine. Alternative materials for fabricating sleeve 28 would include, by way of example, carbon steel (which would likely require cleaning and painting) and aluminum tubing, or molded sheet metal instead of tubing.
The diameter of sleeve 28 is determined by the size of the fuel oil components to be cooled, the size of the annulus 34 required for an effective heat transfer coefficient and a cross-sectional area for annulus 34 consistent with a specified reasonable pressure loss at the desired air flow, all optimized in an iterative process. The maximum dimension of sleeve 28 is further limited by the available space in the congested area of turbine enclosure 24 just upstream of combustor 30.
The air flow through annulus 34 is based on the air heat transfer properties and the maximum expected supply temperature.
The sizing of system piping, such as supply header 16, supply manifold 22 and supply tubing 26 to sleeve 28, as with sleeve 28, is based on pressure loss considerations for blower 12 and its associated motor sizing.
Preferred sizing for a typical air cooling system according to the present invention is a 21″ diameter sleeve 28, 1″ supply tubing 26, a 4″ manifold 22, a 6″ header 16, and a 5 horsepower blower motor 12. Except for sleeve 28, all system components can be purchased “off the shelf”, with blower 12 sized in a typical system for a minimum of 38 CFM (“cubic feet per minute”) per sleeve 28 at a pressure of 40″ of water (gauge).
It should be noted that the cooling system of the present invention could be fabricated using liquid cooling rather than air cooling. One type of liquid that would be readily available is water which is used for cooling other components in a gas turbine system. In that case, the sleeving around the fuel oil components to be cooled is an insulation jacket with stainless steel tubing leading up to and being adjacent to the fuel oil components to be cooled. In this embodiment, an outlet manifold is provided for water return back to the source. A water pump, sized for the thermally calculated gallons per minute and the flow calculated pressure loss, provides a current of cool liquid to the tubing adjacent to the fuel oil components.
Supply header 68 leads to a supply manifold 72 located within the turbine's enclosure 24. Extending from supply manifold 72 are a plurality of additional conduits preferably in the form of a plurality of individual supply tubes 74, one for each combustor 30 contained in the turbine. Each supply tube 74 is routed to a corresponding liquid fuel oil tube 32 feeding a combustor 30 so as to be in physical contact with tube 32. By being in physical contact with tube 32, supply tube 74 absorbs heat from the turbine that may have encroached into tube 32. A thermal insulation jacket 76 surrounds supply tube 32 and supply tube 74 that is adjacent to tube 32. It is also possible to have a plurality of supply tubes 74 extend and be adjacent to a single liquid fuel oil tube 32. Preferably, insulating jacket 76 is formed from a material consisting of fiberglass batts contained in a silicone/fiberglass cloth wrap.
Thus, as seen in
Referring again to
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/308,101, filed Dec. 3, 2002, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in this application.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10308101 | Dec 2002 | US |
| Child | 10866817 | Jun 2004 | US |
