Copper-based alloy

Abstract

Alloy on the basis of copper, zinc, nickel and manganese having properties of resistance to corrosion, notably to inks and gel-inks. The inventive alloy can have a mono-phased alpha structure and a bi-phased alpha-beta structure and is especially suited to the production of tips and reservoirs for writing implements.

Description

REFERENCE DATA

This application is a continuation of International Patent Application 2004WO-CH00051 (WO04/083471) filed on Jan. 30, 2004, claiming priority of Swiss patent application 2003CH-0496 filed on Mar. 21, 2003 and granted under CH693948, the contents whereof are hereby incorporated.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a copper-based alloy and its applications and more precisely a copper-nickel-zinc alloy intended for use in the manufacture of ballpoint pen components.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

It is known to use copper-based alloys of different composition to form tubular ink guides, ink reservoirs and tips of writing implements. Certain known alloys however have the inconvenience of being incompatible with the low-viscosity inks used in new generation ballpoint pens.

The incompatibility between the alloy and the ink can then reduce the implement's functional efficiency and comfort of writing. The ink leaks that may result cause the quality of the writing to deteriorate and, in the worst cases, stains and smears.

The resistance to gel-inks can be improved by increasing the alloy's copper content, as for example in alpha brass and in alpha copper-nickel-zinc alloys. This solution has however the inconvenience of reducing the alloy's heat-deformability. The poor heat-deformability of the prior art alloys implies higher production costs.

Another limitation of brass is that its yellow coloration is not appreciated by all consumers.

It is thus an aim of the present invention to propose an alloy and ballpoint pen components free from the limitations of the prior art.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, these aims are achieved by the alloys, the devices and the methods that are the object of the claims of the corresponding categories, and for example by an alloy including:

• • between 44.1 and 45.6 parts by weight of Cu;
  • between 35.6 and 37.1 parts by weight of Zn;
  • between 11.8 and 12.7 parts by weight of Ni;
  • between 4.6 and 5.4 parts by weight of Mn.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be better understood by reading the attached claims and the description given by way of example and illustrated by the attached figures, in which:

FIG. 1 represents a metallographic section of an alloy according to the invention in a mono-phased alpha structure.

FIG. 1 a represents a micrograph corresponding to FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 represents a metallographic section of a prior art copper-nickel-zinc alloy in a bi-phased alpha-beta structure.

FIG. 2 a represents a micrograph corresponding to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 represents a metallographic section of a prior art bi-phased copper-nickel-zinc alloy corroded following exposition to ink.

FIG. 3 a represents a micrograph corresponding to FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 represents a diagram of a beta phase ratio of an alloy according to the invention according to the hot treatment temperature.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF POSSIBLE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the invention, the inventive alloy is a copper-nickel-zinc alloy of white, gray or silver color, having the following composition:

	TABLE 1
	% weight
	min	max
	Cu	43.00	48.00
	Zn	33.00	38.00
	Ni	10.00	15.00
	Mn	3.50	6.50
	Pb	0.00	4.00

This alloy has the characteristic of having two types of microstructures that can be controlled by hot treatment. The first, i.e. the mono-phased alpha structure, is essentially composed of a single crystalline phase of uniform structure. FIG. 1 represents a microphotography of a metallographic section of the alloy according to the invention, showing the alpha structure. It will be observed that the alloy is composed essentially of a uniform solid solution of its components 10, apart from the black lead particles 82.

The inventive alloy can also have the bi-phased alpha-beta structure. This structure, represented in FIG. 2, has grains of a second phase 20, i.e. the beta phase, having a lower copper content than that of the alpha phase and which can be distinguished in FIG. 2 by their darker color.

The different structures of the inventive alloy are adapted to specific forming and machining processes. In particular, the bi-phased alpha-beta structure is favorable to heat-deformation, whilst the mono-phased alpha structure is favorable to cold-deformation.

The adjunction of lead in the alloy makes the machining operations easier, for example slicing. It would however also be possible to omit the lead, or to reduce its content, if this property is not required.

The inventive alloy can thus appear in both the mono-phased alpha structure and the bi-phased alpha-beta structure. It is however possible to control the structure by a hot treatment between 570° C. and 780° C. during 1-3 hours, followed by a fast cooling to ambient temperature. Following this treatment, the alloy's structure is essentially alpha.

The invention also includes alloys to which, besides the elements having the nature and proportions as defined by the table 1 here above, are added low quantities of other elements, metallic or not, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) or any other chemical element or species.

In a second example of alloy according to the invention, the alloy's composition is determined, except for unavoidable impurities, by the table 2 here after:

	TABLE 2
	% weight
	min	max
	Cu	44.10	45.60
	Zn	35.60	37.10
	Ni	11.80	12.70
	Mn	4.60	5.40
	Pb	1.35	1.85

FIG. 4 represents the beta phase ratio according to the hot treatment temperature. The choice of the temperature of the hot treatment allows the ratio of the beta phase to be modified and, consequently, to obtain materials having different properties. In particular, hot treatment in the TT temperature range at temperatures included between 630° C. and 720° C. gives rise to a mono-phased alpha structure. The temperature range E is favorable to extrusion.

The diagram of FIG. 4 is specific to the alloy composition specified in table 2. According to another aspect of the invention, it would also be possible to adopt different proportions of Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Pb and obtain an alloy whose ratios of alpha and beta phases can be modified by hot treatment. In particular, the proportion of each of the alloy's components can be varied independently within the value range indicated in table 1 or beyond. The temperatures required for modifying the structure of the obtained alloy will then be different.

The inventive alloy has increased resistance to corrosion due to gel-inks when it is in the mono-phased alpha structure. The beta phase is in fact the only one that is dissolved by gel-inks. FIG. 3 represents a metallographic section of an alpha-beta copper-nickel-zinc alloy corroded by the chemical reaction with the ink. It can be observed that only the beta phase is attacked and that its dissolution leaves cavities 25.

Although the alloy of the invention described here above is particularly suited to making tips of writing implements, and in particular of ballpoint pens, the present invention is not limited to this specific use but also includes any other use of the inventive alloy.

According to another aspect of the invention, the alloy having the composition here above is first cast in small rods or bars or in any other shape adapted to heat-deformation.

Contrary to alpha copper-nickel-zinc alloys, the inventive alloy offers excellent deformability at high temperature. All the usual heat-deformation processes are possible. Typically, the small rods are heat-extruded at a temperature included between 720° C. and 870° C., a temperature at which its structure is bi-phased alpha-beta. The wires thus obtained are then hot treated between 630° C. and 720° C., as explained here above, to obtain the mono-phased alpha structure.

As the mono-phased alpha structure is suited to cold deformation, the extruded material is then drawn to obtain bars or wires of suitable diameter to form the tubes of ink guides, ink reservoirs or tips for writing implements.

The material thus obtained can easily be shaped by cold-working and machining, for example by embossing, machining, crimping, lathe turning, milling or any other process.

The mechanical characteristics of the inventive alloy treated as described here above depend on its level of cold working according to the following table:

TABLE 3
	Mechanical
State	resistance [MPa]	Breaking elongation [%]
After hot treatment	450-600	25-50
20% reduction rate	600-800	10-30
After hot treatment
40% reduction rate	800-1100	1-20
After hot treatment

The mechanical resistance and breaking elongation in the above table have been determined according to the standardized method EN10002-1.

Claims

1. Alloy including: between 43 and 48 parts by weight of Cu; between 33 and 38 parts by weight of Zn; between 10 and 15 parts by weight of Ni; between 3.5 and 6.5 parts by weight of Mn; between 0 and 4 parts by weight of Pb; the alloy having a mono-phased alpha structure and a bi-phased alpha-beta structure, wherein the ratio of the beta phase of said bi-phased alpha-beta structure is dependent on the temperature and can be modified and/or essentially cancelled by a hot treatment.

2. The alloy of claim 1, including: between 44.1 and 45.6 parts by weight of Cu; between 35.6 and 37.1 parts by weight of Zn; between 11.8 and 12.7 parts by weight of Ni; between 4.6 and 5.4 parts by weight of Mn.

3. The alloy of claim 1, including between 1.25 and 1.85 parts by weight of Pb.

4. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the temperature of said hot treatment is included between 570° C. and 780° C.

5. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the temperature of said hot treatment is included between 630° C. and 720° C.

6. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the mechanical resistance after said hot treatment is included between 450 and 60 MPa and the breaking elongation after said hot treatment is included between 25% and 50%.

7. The alloy of claim 1, essentially resistant to inks and to low-viscosity inks.

8. Writing implement, including an alloy according to claim 1.

9. Writing implement including an ink reservoir and/or a writing tip including an alloy according to claim 1.

10. Method of using an alloy including: between 43 and 48 parts by weight of Cu; between 33 and 38 parts by weight of Zn; between 10 and 15 parts by weight of Ni; between 3.5 and 6.5 parts by weight of Mn; between 0 and 4 parts by weight of Pb; the alloy having a mono-phased alpha structure and a bi-phased alpha-beta structure, the method including one or several steps of hot treatment for modifying the ratio of the beta phase of said bi-phased alpha-beta structure.

11. The method of the preceding claim, wherein the ratio of the beta phase of said bi-phased alpha-beta structure is essentially cancelled by the hot treatment.

12. The method of claim 10, also including: a step of casting the melted alloy; possibly one or several steps of heat-deformation; one or several steps of cold-deformation.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the temperature of said hot treatment is included between 570° C. and 780° C.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the temperature of said hot treatment is included between 630° C. and 720° C.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the temperature of said heat deformation is included between 720° C. and 870° C.

16. Alloy resulting from the method of claim 10.