Patent Grant
8418757
The present invention relates to corrosion management systems protecting against or managing corrosion of various components in generally vertically oriented structures, that can be located one or more of aboveground and underground. The corrosion management system includes a dispenser system that dispenses at least one corrosion inhibitor to the structure desired to be protected at a plurality of different vertical heights. Methods for utilizing corrosion management systems and protecting structures therewith are also disclosed.
Although a wide variety of corrosion inhibitors are known, individual corrosion inhibitors are not effective for all uses. For example, a corrosion inhibitor which is effective at low temperature, atmospheric pressure and neutral or slightly acidic conditions would not necessarily be effective at high temperature, high pressure and highly acidic conditions. The mechanism of corrosion within a system is so unique that, despite theoretical considerations, selection of corrosion inhibitors is often more experimental then deducible.
As primary oil and gas fields become depleted, deeper wells are drilled to tap new sources of petroleum and gas. Increased depth, however, poses increasingly severe corrosion problems. The conditions of, for example, deep gas and/or oil wells place great corrosive stress upon the tubing and other equipment employed in such wells due to the highly oxidizing atmospheres and extreme temperature and pressure conditions. Since, the cost of drilling wells is very expensive, the importance of effective corrosion inhibition is evident. Given the depth to which such wells need to be drilled, conventional corrosion inhibitor delivery systems may be ineffective in achieving any desired level of corrosion protection in some embodiments. Additionally, similar challenges are presented by other types of aboveground and/or underground structures such as wells, boilers, storage tanks, cisterns, septic tanks, pipes, offshore legs, etc.
Various systems are currently utilized in an attempt to provide corrosion protection in gaseous environments in different vertical structures including coatings and inhibitors. However, such coatings are generally limited by being applied on new pipes and other structures or during replacement of pipes and other structures within a structure. Pre-coated pipes and other structures are not protected at welded joints assembled in the field, unless an additional coating is applied after welding. For some of the above structures it is impossible at all. U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,480 describes one embodiment of an inhibitor distribution system. However, efficiency of the inhibitor continuously decreases due to the decreasing of its concentration during application and the service life of the inhibitor can be unpredictable.
Given the corrosion issues facing the various types of aboveground and/or underground structures, a system, or method, is needed to enable one to deliver, in a reliable and controlled manner, one or more corrosion inhibiting compounds to protect the one or more metal-based portions or components of an aboveground and/or underground structure.
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a corrosion management system that protects against or manages corrosion in an aboveground structure and/or an underground structure.
A further object is to provide a corrosion management system that includes a dispenser system that dispenses a corrosion inhibitor at a plurality of different vertical heights to a substantially vertically oriented structure.
Still another object is to provide a gravity controlled dispensing system that distributes a corrosion inhibitor at a plurality of different vertical heights to a structure.
Another object is to provide a dispensing system that dispenses a volatile liquid corrosion inhibitor composition, the dispensing system having at least two holding containers disposed at different vertical heights and operatively connected to a tank, preferably in series, but optionally in parallel, to receive the corrosion inhibiting composition therefrom, the holding containers having a portion open to the surrounding atmosphere allowing the liquid corrosion inhibitor to be dispensed therefrom, such as through volatilization.
Yet another object is to provide a dispensing system with a holding container and with wicking material connected thereto such that allows the corrosion inhibiting composition to be dispensed therefrom.
Still another object to provide a dispensing system having a central support and a solid volatile corrosion inhibitor composition operatively connected to the support at a plurality of locations along the vertical length of the support.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a corrosion management system including a dispensing system for one or more of a well, storage tank, cistern, septic tank, and pipe, wherein the structure to be protected is located one or more of aboveground and underground.
In one aspect a corrosion management system is described, comprising a reservoir having an inlet adapted to receive a corrosion inhibitor composition and an outlet; a first conduit having a first end connected to the outlet; a first holding container located at a vertical height below the reservoir and operatively connected to a second end of the conduit and having a compartment adapted to receive a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to an ambient atmosphere; a second conduit having a first end connected to the first holding container for receiving overflow corrosion inhibitor composition therefrom; and a second holding container operatively connected to an outlet of the second conduit and having a compartment adapted to hold a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to the ambient atmosphere, the second holding container located at a vertical height below the first holding container.
Another aspect is a well including a corrosion management system, comprising a casing extending a vertical distance; tubing located within the casing and extending a vertical distance; a gas-containing well space extending a vertical distance between the casing and tubing; and a corrosion management system adapted to provide a corrosion inhibitor composition to an outer surface of at least a portion of the tubing located in the well space, the corrosion management system comprising a reservoir having an inlet adapted to receive a corrosion inhibitor composition and an outlet; a first conduit having a front end connected to the outlet; a first holding container located at a vertical height below the reservoir and operatively connected to a second end of the conduit and having a compartment adapted to receive a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to an ambient atmosphere; a second conduit having a first end connected to the first holding container for receiving overflow corrosion inhibitor composition therefrom; and a second holding container operatively connected to an outlet of the second conduit and having a compartment adapted to hold a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to the ambient atmosphere, the second holding container located at a vertical height below the first holding container, and wherein the at least the first holding container, second holding container, and the second conduit are located in the well space.
Yet another aspect is a corrosion management system, comprising a support connectable to a portion of a vertical structure, the support having a solid volatile corrosion inhibiting composition attached thereto.
Yet a further aspect is a method for managing corrosion within a structure, comprising the steps of obtaining a corrosion management system comprising a reservoir having an inlet adapted to receive a corrosion inhibitor composition and an outlet; a first conduit having a first end connected to the outlet; a first holding container located at a vertical height below the reservoir and operatively connected to a second end of the conduit and having a compartment adapted to receive a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to an ambient atmosphere; a second conduit having a first end connected to the first holding container for receiving overflow corrosion inhibitor composition therefrom; and a second holding container operatively connected to an outlet of the second conduit and having a compartment adapted to hold a volume of the corrosion inhibitor composition and expose the corrosion inhibitor composition to the ambient atmosphere, the second holding container located at a vertical height below the first holding container; locating at least the first holding container, second holding container, and second conduit within a portion of a substantially vertical structure; and providing the reservoir with a corrosion inhibiting composition and allowing the composition to flow to the first conduit, first holding container, second conduit, and second holding container.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the accompanying description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein, various embodiments of the invention are set forth.
The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will become apparent by reading the detailed description of the invention, taken together with the drawings, wherein:
a-5d represent cross-sectional, side elevational views of tubing wherein
a-6d represent cross-sectional, side elevational views of tubing including a sleeve wherein
a is a cross-sectional, side elevational view of one embodiment of a corrosion management system including a plurality of dispensers located at different vertical heights within a substantially vertically oriented structure;
b is a cross-sectional, horizontal view of one embodiment of a dispenser of a corrosion management system operatively connected to tubing located within casing of a vertically oriented structure;
c is a cross-sectional, horizontal view of one embodiment of a dispenser or a corrosion management system operatively connected to tubing located within casing of a vertically oriented structure;
a is a cross-sectional, side elevational view of one embodiment of a corrosion management system located within a substantially vertical structure and including a dispenser having a support with a vertical length and a solid volatile corrosion inhibitor composition attached to the support at a plurality of vertical heights along the support;
b is a cross-sectional, horizontal view through line B-B of
a is a cross-sectional, side elevational view of one embodiment of a corrosion management system located within a substantially vertical structure and including a dispenser having a support with a vertical length and a solid volatile corrosion inhibitor composition attached along a length of the support;
b is a cross-sectional, side elevational view particularly illustrating the dispenser of the corrosion management system as a solid volatile corrosion inhibitor strip;
c is a cross-sectional, side elevational view particularly illustrating the dispenser of the corrosion management system as a dispenser including a porous sleeve having a volatile corrosion inhibitor powder located therein; and
a-11d illustrate side elevational views of various embodiments of corrosion management systems of the present invention including a solid-like form of a corrosion inhibitor composition.
This description of useful embodiments is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are part of the entire written description of this invention. In the description, corresponding reference numbers are used throughout to identify the same or functionally similar elements. Relative terms such as “horizontal,” “vertical,” “up,” “down,” “top” and “bottom” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing figure under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and are not intended to require a particular orientation unless specifically stated as such. Terms including “inwardly” versus “outwardly,” “longitudinal” versus “lateral” and the like are to be interpreted relative to one another or relative to an axis of elongation, or an axis or center of rotation, as appropriate. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, such as “connected” and “interconnected,” refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. The term “operatively connected” is such an attachment, coupling or connection that allows the pertinent structures to operate as intended by virtue of that relationship.
Referring now to the drawings, one embodiment of a corrosion management system 10 is shown connected to a structure 100, in particular a substantially vertically oriented structure that can be located aboveground or belowground or a combination thereof, for example partially buried. The particular structure 100 illustrated is a well having a casing 101 and well tubing 102 located therein. A wellhead 103 is located at the upper end of the structure. As known to those of ordinary skill in the art, the structure 100 can have many configurations. For example, the casing 101 and well tubing 102 can comprise a plurality of pipes, fittings, etc. A well space 104 is located between the casing 101 and tubing 102 and generally comprises gases.
As the outer surfaces of the well tubing 102 exposed in the well space 104 are subject to corrosion, it is desirable to prevent or reduce corrosion thereof using the corrosion management system 10 of the invention. The corrosion management system 10 includes at least one and preferably a plurality of dispensers that are adapted to dispense, release, or otherwise distribute a corrosion inhibitor composition, for example a holding container 105, a conduit with dispensing apertures 215A, 216A, 217A, a wick 213, volatile corrosion inhibitor containing ribbon 68 or strip 229, or sleeve 69, or a combination thereof, for example as illustrated in the various drawings. The dispensers are disposed at different vertical heights of the corrosion management system 10, and thus located at different vertical heights in relation to a vertical structure 100 the corrosion management system 10 is designed to protect.
In a useful embodiment using a liquid volatile corrosion inhibitor composition, the corrosion management system 10 includes a reservoir such as a storage or filling tank 221. The tank 221 is generally located at a vertical height above the dispensers when it is desired to use gravity to move the volatile corrosion inhibitor composition through the system. In other useful embodiments, the corrosion management system 10 can include a pump 110, etc. to provide for desired fluid flow. One or more sensors 112 can be operatively connected at various locations of the corrosion management system 10 to measure the fluid level of volatile corrosion inhibitor composition within the system, and even provide or report a signal such as to indicate the need for refilling, a blockage, etc. The volume of the tank 221 in a useful embodiment is greater than or equal to the volume of the downstream components, e.g. conduits, holding containers and wicks, when present. The tank 221 can be located inside or outside of the vertical structure 100 as desired. The tank 221 is shown lateral to the well head 103 in
A conduit 214 connects tank 221 to a first dispenser, for example a holding container 105 illustrated in
Each holding container 105 is designed to hold a volume of a volatile corrosion inhibitor composition. In a useful embodiment, a portion of the container 105 is exposed or open to the ambient atmosphere such that some quantity of the volatile corrosion inhibitor composition can be released thereto. The containers 105 illustrated in
In a further embodiment, a wick 213 is operatively connected to container 105, see
In yet a further embodiment, see for example
The dispensers, i.e. containers 105 and conduits 214 can be supported in or on the structure 100 by any suitable components. One dispenser can have the same or different volume than another dispenser, even if the same type, e.g. two holding containers. In a useful embodiment, a first, upper holding container has a volume less than a lower, second container, and a third container has a volume greater than the second, and so on. In a useful embodiment a cable or ladder system is used to support the dispensers. One or more cables 204 are extended along the structure, generally a portion of the vertical length thereof. A dispenser or other component of the corrosion management system 10 can be directly or indirectly connected to the cable 204, such as through a support bracket 207, which as shown in
At the upper end of the corrosion management system 10, the cables 204 or other support can be connected by any suitable infrastructure to the vertically oriented structure 100, for example by a hanger bracket 202 to well head 103. If it is desired that the holding containers 105 or other dispensing devices be movable within the structure 100, the cables can advantageously be connected to a suitable winch or other height adjustment mechanism.
In view of the structure described, the corrosion management system can be utilized in one embodiment as follows. After the selected substantially vertical structure 100 is selected and assessed to determine the desired level of corrosion protection required, the corrosion management system is assembled to include a predetermined number of dispensers. The structure 100 is then fitted with the corrosion management system 10, with the dispensers being located at different vertical heights on the structure 100, see
In yet a further embodiment, the corrosion management system 10 comprises a dispenser including a solid phase volatile corrosion inhibitor composition that is directly and/or operatively connected to a structure 100, see for example
a-8c illustrate a corrosion management system 10 having a plurality of supports having a solid volatile corrosion inhibitor composition 60 connected thereto.
a illustrates a further embodiment of a corrosion management system 10 comprising a support 62 extending along a vertical length of structure 100. At the upper end support of 62, a hanger bracket 226 is connected to a portion of the structure 100 and an elongated support 68 extends downwardly therefrom, with a plurality of devices including solid volatile corrosion inhibitor compositions 60 attached to the elongated support 68 at different vertical heights thereon in order to provide desired corrosion management to structure 100. A weight 228 is utilized to assist in lowering the corrosion management system components into the structure 100 and also aid in maintaining the system in a desired position within the structure 100.
Yet another embodiment of the corrosion management system 10 is illustrated in
Additional embodiments of corrosion management systems 10 are illustrated in
The corrosion management systems of the present invention protect against and manage corrosion of various components of a structure that includes a vertical component, whether aboveground and/or belowground. The type of structure can vary and can include but is not limited to for example, a well, a storage tank, a cistern, a septic tank, a pipe, a silo, smoke stack, cooling tower, and boiler. The corrosion management systems of the invention are particularly useful for semi-closed structures, for example fuel supply transport systems, septic systems, reservoirs, wells, etc., for example oil, natural gas, water, etc.; and/or closed systems, such as waste disposal systems. The corrosion management system can include dispensers designed to deliver at least two different phases of one or more corrosion inhibitor compositions. A semi-closed system is generally defined as a system that is opened periodically, for example to service a structure.
The corrosion management systems of the present invention can be utilized by themselves or in conjunction with one more additional systems designed to reduce or otherwise manage corrosion in at least one portion of a structure.
Additionally, as used throughout the text and claims, corrosion includes not only tarnishing, rusting and other forms of corrosion, but also includes any detrimental or unwanted degradation of an article to be protected. As such, when the phrases “corrosion inhibiting compound(s)” or composition(s) or “corrosion inhibitor(s)” are used herein, these phrases also include tarnish inhibiting compound(s) or tarnish inhibitor(s). In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibiting compound or compounds utilized in conjunction with the present invention include one or more volatile or vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, one or more soluble corrosion inhibitors, or any suitable combinations thereof.
As used throughout the text and claims, corrosion inhibitor means any compound, whether volatile or not, which inhibits at least one form of corrosion or degradation from occurring on an object to be protected. As used throughout the text and claims, a soluble corrosion inhibitor means any compound, be it solid, liquid, or gas, which is soluble in at least one liquid. As used throughout the text and claims, volatile phase corrosion inhibitor and vapor phase corrosion inhibitor are used interchangeably and both mean that such types of corrosion inhibitors are transferred to the surface of the item/article/surface to be protected by condensation of the volatile/vapor phase corrosion inhibitor's vapor on the surface of the item/article/surface to be protected.
Additionally, it should be noted that in the following text, individual range and/or ratio limits can be combined to form non-stated, or non-disclosed, ranges.
In the case where the present invention utilizes a volatile or vapor phase corrosion inhibitor, any suitable volatile or vapor phase corrosion inhibitors can be used. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,290,912; 4,944,916, 5,154,886, 5,320,778 5,756,007, 5,855,975, and 5,959,021 disclose corrosion inhibitors, for example vapor phase or volatile corrosion inhibitors, and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for their teachings of such compounds. For example, useful vapor phase or volatile corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, benzotriazole, and mixtures of benzoates of amine salts with benzotriazole, nitrates and nitrites of amine salts, and C13H26O2N. Additionally, with regard to certain underground structures and/or enclosures, certain types of corrosion inhibitors are desirably used given the unique nature of the environment to be protected. Such corrosion inhibitors are known in the art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,480) and an exhaustive list is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI's) that are utilized in various useful embodiments are known to the art and to the literature and generally include various triazoles and derivatives thereof such as benzotriazole and tolytriazole; various benzoates such as ammonium benzoate and cyclohexylammonium benzoate; various salts of benzoic acid; various carbonates, various carbamates; various phosphates; various alkali metal molybdates such as sodium molybdate, various dimolybdates such as ammonium dimolylbdate, various amine molybdates such as aliphatic or aromatic amine having a total of from about 3 to about 30 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof; and various alkali dibasic acid salts such as set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,973,448; 5,139,700; 5,715,945; 6,028,160; 6,156,929; 6,617,415; and 6,787,065, hereby fully incorporated by reference. Useful VCI's preferably include various organic nitrites such as dicyclohexylammonium nitrite and triethanolammonium nitrite, or alkali metal nitrites such as potassium nitrite with sodium nitrite being preferred.
With respect to the various VCI components, in order to limit the amount thereof that are released over a specific period of time and form a coating on the metal to be protected against corrosion, such VCI components can be blended with various structuring compounds comprising at least one solid or pasty substance, or a liquid substance that is capable of forming when mixed with a mineral filler a solid or pasty combination. Examples of suitable structural compounds, liquid substances, and mineral fillers are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,787,065 which is hereby fully incorporated by reference and include various waxes such as carnauba wax, bees wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petrolatum, polyethylene wax oxidized microcrystalline wax, and polyethylene glycol 4000, and combinations thereof. The amount of the one or more VCI components is generally from about 1 to 90% and preferably from about 20 to about 60% by weight and the amount of the one or more structuring agents is from about 10 to about 99% by weight, and preferably from about 40 to about 80% by weight based upon the total weight of all VCI compounds and all structuring compounds.
Another group of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors that can be utilized to protect a broad range of metals such as iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, tin, chromium, zinc, magnesium, and alloys thereof as set forth in US Pub. 2009/0151598 are hereby fully incorporated by reference, and generally comprise (1) at least one C6 to C12 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, (2) at least one C6 to C12 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and at least one (3) primary aromatic amide. Preferably the composition also comprises at least one (4) aliphatic ester of hydroxybenzoic acid such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and/or at least one (5) benzimidazole, especially a benzimidazole substituted on the benzene ring. In a useful embodiment, the amount of component (1) is from about 1 to about 60% by weight, the amount of component (2) is from about 1 to about 40% by weight, the amount of the (3) component is from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, the amount of the (4) component is from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, and the amount of the (5) component is from about 5 to about 20% by weight. When utilized, this hydrophobic composition will apply a thin protective layer or film on the metal substrate or article to be protected.
As illustrated in the Figures, the systems of the present invention are designed to deliver at least one corrosion inhibitor composition. Any corrosion inhibitor can be utilized in the present invention. For example, liquid, gas, or even solid corrosion inhibitors can be utilized in conjunction with the present invention. In another embodiment, the present invention is designed to deliver, via at least one dispenser, at least one volatile or vapor phase corrosion inhibitor. In another embodiment, the systems of the present invention are designed to deliver at least two different phases of corrosion inhibitors (i.e., gas, liquid, or solid).
It should be noted that although the Figures of the present invention illustrate certain locations for the dispensers in connection with the present invention, such locations are only exemplary. Accordingly, the dispensers of the present invention are not limited to any one location, or set of locations.
Given the above, the devices or systems of the present invention permit the release of one or more corrosion inhibitors into a desired structure over an extended period of time. The systems according to the present invention can be, if so desired, replaced and/or replenished and do not have a set life expectancy. For example, the systems of the present invention could be designed to last anywhere from about 1 month to about 50 years. In another embodiment, the life expectancy of the systems of the present invention is from about 6 months to about 25 years, from about 1 year to about 15 years, or from about 2 years to about 10 years, or even from about 3 to about 5 years. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, upon reading the present specification, that the systems according to the present invention could be produced with an indefinite range of life expectancies. As such, the present invention is not limited to the above life expectancies. Rather, one of ordinary skill in the art would, upon reading the present specification and taking into consideration the environment in which the device will be placed, be able to design a device with a desired life expectancy.
In the Figures, the systems of the present invention are shown as tube- or pipe-like in nature. It should be noted however, that the present invention is not limited to just this arrangement and any suitable shape or orientation a structure can be utilized. The corrosion management systems can be formed from components comprising any suitable materials for example plastics, metals, or the like.
The corrosion management systems are designed to be any suitable length depending upon the depth of the substantially vertical structure to be protected. For example, individual corrosion inhibitor composition dispensers can be placed at suitable intervals depending upon the corrosion inhibition desired in a structure 100. Accordingly, there is no set spacing interval. Exemplary spacing intervals include intervals of about 1 meter, about 3 meters, about 5 meters, about 10 meters, about 20 meters, about 30 meters, about 40 meters, about 50 meters, about 75 meters, and about 100 meters. In another embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor dispensers of the present invention can be placed at any 1 meter increment between 1 and 100 meters. Given this, the overall length of system is variable and can for example be least 10 meters in one embodiment, although longer lengths of up to about 1,000 meters, about 2,000 meters, about 3,000 meters, about 5,000 meters, about 10,000 meters are within the scope of the present invention. In the case of systems having overall shorter lengths, such systems can effectively be single units. Regarding those systems of the present invention that are over about 50 meters in length, such systems can be designed to be piece-meal systems that are assembled on an ongoing basis as the system is inserted in a well.
In another embodiment, the systems of the present invention can further include electronic monitoring systems that permit the electronic control of various functions including, but not limited to, replenishment, movement control, corrosion inhibitor supply rate, etc.
In one embodiment, the corrosion management systems are designed to permit the delivery of one or more corrosion inhibitors in a radiating manner. This can be accomplished in any number of ways including, but not limited to, the use of a wick as described above to deliver one or more liquid phase corrosion inhibitors (e.g., vapor phase, or volatile, corrosion inhibitors), placing holes within one or more of the corrosion inhibitor-containing dispensers, such as a conduit to permit the delivery of one or more gaseous or liquid corrosion inhibitors.
In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes a combination of at least one liquid-phase corrosion inhibitor, which may or may not be volatile in nature, and at least one powder or solid corrosion inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the systems of the present invention are designed from any suitable material that is resistive to, or immune from, the effects of corrosion. In one embodiment, the systems, or various sub-components thereof, are selected for their resistance to corrosion, or various corrosive elements including, but not limited to, SOx, NOx, chlorides, oxygen, CO2, HCl, water, water vapor, etc.
As is noted above, the systems of the present invention can include programmable or computerized control systems in order to permit scheduled deliveries of one or more corrosion inhibitors, or some other compound, to an underground structure. In another embodiment, the systems of the present invention have the ability to detect the level of the one or more inhibitors within the underground structure in order to determine whether or not to deliver more corrosion inhibiting compound to such a structure. In still another embodiment, the systems of the present invention have the ability to detect how much corrosion inhibiting compound to deliver to an underground structure in order to maintain a certain desired concentration of one or more inhibitors within such a structure.
In another embodiment, the systems of the present invention permit the use of either high or low vapor pressure inhibitors at the same time. In another embodiment, the systems of the present invention permit the use of less or non-hazardous low vapor pressure inhibitors and can achieve high speed delivery of such inhibitors into a structure, such as an underground structure and/or enclosure. In still another embodiment, the systems of the present invention prevent waste of one or more corrosion inhibiting compounds by selectively delivering such compounds only when needed (e.g., as determined by a set program, as determined in response to a sensor, etc.).
Some of the advantages associated with the present invention are as follows:
(a) the systems of the present invention permit one to choose the speed of inhibitors delivery depending the vapor space volume;
(b) the systems of the present invention permit one to replace the one or more inhibitors, or inhibiting compounds, without having to take an underground structure and/or enclosure out of operation/service; and
(c) the systems of the present invention can be applied to existing and/or new underground structures and/or enclosures.
Although the invention has been shown and described with respect to certain embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification. In particular with regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, the terms (including any reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application.
While in accordance with the patent statutes the best mode and preferred embodiment have been set forth, the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited thereto, but only by the scope of the attached claims.
This application claims the priority filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/343,954 filed May 6, 2010, herein fully incorporated by reference.
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