Corylus plant named ‘Dorris’

Abstract

A new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant named ‘Dorris’ characterized by a spreading plant habit and low vigor, yellowish-green developing and fully expanded leaves during the spring and summer, resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, presence of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580, expression of incompatibility alleles S1 and S12 in the styles, and DNA fingerprints at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci differ from both parents OSU 309.074 and ‘Delta’, and from one parent at an additional 9 marker loci.

Description

Botanical denomination: Corylus avellana.

Variety designation: ‘Dorris’.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant, (hazelnut, filbert) botanically known as Corylus avellana, and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘Dorris’. Corylus avellana is in the family Betulaceae.

The new Corylus resulted from a controlled cross of female parent OSU 309.074 (unpatented) and male parent ‘Delta’ (unpatented) made in 1997 by Shawn A. Mehlenbacher and David C. Smith. Hybrid seeds from the cross were harvested in August 1997, stratified, and seedlings grown in the greenhouse during the summer of 1998. From this cross, a total of 307 seedling trees were planted in the field in Corvallis, Oreg., USA in October, 1998. ‘Dorris’ was discovered and selected by the Inventors as a single plant within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled environment in Corvallis, Oreg.

‘Dorris’ was originally assigned the designation OSU 876.041, which indicates the row and tree location of the original seedling. OSU 309.074 is from a cross of ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ (unpatented)×OSU 23.017 (unpatented). ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ is an important cultivar in Piemonte, northern Italy. OSU 23.017 is from a cross of ‘Barcelona’ (unpatented)בExtra Ghiaghli’ (unpatented). ‘Extra Ghiaghli’, obtained from Greece, is a clone of the important Turkish cultivar ‘Tombul’ (unpatented). ‘Delta’ was released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2002.

The new cultivar was asexually reproduced by rooted suckers annually for eight years (2003-2010) in Corvallis, Oreg. The new cultivar was also asexually propagated by whip grafting in 2004 in Corvallis, Oreg. The unique features of this new Corylus are stable and reproduced true-to-type in successive generations of asexual reproduction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of ‘Dorris’. These characteristics in combination distinguish ‘Dorris’ as a new and distinct cultivar:

• • 1. Spreading plant habit and low vigor.
  • 2. Yellowish-green developing and fully expanded leaves during the spring and summer.
  • 3. Resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller.
  • 4. Presence of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580 in DNA of ‘Dorris’ amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. These two markers are linked to a dominant allele for resistance to eastern filbert blight from the cultivar Gasaway (unpatented).
  • 5. Expression of incompatibility alleles S₁ and S₁₂ in the styles,
  • 6. DNA fingerprints at 14 of 24 microsatellite marker loci differ from both parents OSU 309.074 and ‘Delta’, and from one parent at an additional 9 marker loci. The microsatellite primers are shown in Table 1, and allele sizes are shown in Table 2. DNA fingerprints of grandparent ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ and great-grandparents ‘Barcelona’ and ‘Extra Ghiaghli’ are also shown in attached Table 2.

In comparisons in two replicated trials conducted in Corvallis, Oreg., plants of the new Corylus differed from plants of the Corylus avellana cultivar Barcelona (unpatented), and other cultivars and selections of Corylus avellana known to the Inventors primarily in nut size, nut shape, kernel percentage (ratio of kernel weight to nut weight), frequency of blank nuts (nuts lacking kernels), time of pollen shed, time of nut maturity, length of the husk or involucre, and plant size.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying colored photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new cultivar, showing the colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this type. Foliage colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately describe the colors of the new Corylus.

FIG. 1 shows a tree of the new cultivar ‘Dorris’ growing in a field in the summer, in Corvallis, Oreg.

FIG. 2 shows the tree of the new cultivar ‘Dorris’ growing in a field in January, in Corvallis, Oreg.

FIG. 3 shows typical nuts, raw kernels, and blanched kernels of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut compared to those of ‘Jefferson’ hazelnut.

FIG. 4 shows husks of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut tree.

FIG. 5 shows the typical nuts, raw kernels, and blanched kernels of ‘Dorris’ hazelnut compared to those of ‘Barcelona’ hazelnut and other hazelnut cultivars.

DETAILED PLANT DESCRIPTION

The cultivar Dorris has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype. The aforementioned photographs and following observations and measurements describe plants grown in Corvallis, Oreg. under commercial practice outdoors in the field during the fall, winter and spring. Plants used for the photographs and description were propagated by tie-off layerage and growing on their own roots, and about seven years old. In the following description, color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1966 Edition, except where general terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.

• Botanical classification: Corylus avellana cultivar Dorris.
• Parentage:
  • • Female, or seed, parent.—Corylus avellana selection 309.074 (unpatented).
    • Male, or pollen, parent.—Corylus avellana cultivar Delta (unpatented).
• Propagation (type rooted suckers):
  • • Time to initiate roots.—About 30 days at 20° C.
    • Time to produce a rooted young plant.—About six months at 22° C.
    • Root description.—Fine to thick; freely branching; creamy white in color.
• Propagation (type whip grafting):
  • • Time to budbreak on the scions.—Bout 14 days at 25° C.
    • Time to produce a grafted plant.—About six months at 25° C.
• Plant description:
  • • General appearance.—Perennial shrub. Spreading plant habit.
    • Growth and branching habit.—Freely branching; about 15 lateral branches develop per plant. Pinching, i.e., removal of the terminal apices, enhances branching with lateral branches potentially forming at every node.
    • Size.—Plant height is about 4 meters; plant diameter or spread is about 5 meters.
    • Vigor.—low vigor growth habit.
    • Lenticels.—8 circular within 1 square centimeter (counted on dormant scions).
• Lateral branch description:
  • • Length.—About 32 cm.
    • Diameter.—About 6 mm.
    • Internode length.—About 3.0 cm.
    • Texture.—Smooth, glabrous.
    • Strength.—Strong.
    • Color.—Immature — 152B; mature — 152B.
• Foliage description:
  • • Arrangement.—Alternate, simple.
    • Length.—About 10.2 cm.
    • Width.—About 9.1 cm.
    • Shape.—Oblong to ovate.
    • Apex.—Obtuse to acute.
    • Base.—Cordate.
    • Margin.—Serrate.
    • Texture.—Upper and lower surfaces — slightly pubescent.
    • Venation pattern.—Pinnate.
    • Leaf bud shape.—Globular.
    • Time of leaf bud burst.—Midseason, 11 days after ‘Barcelona’.
    • Color.—Developing foliage, upper surface 144A, lower surfaces: 187A. Fully expanded foliage, upper surface: Spring and summer, 143A; late summer and fall, 143A. Fully expanded foliage, lower surface: Spring and summer, 139C; late summer and fall, 139C. Venation, upper surface: Spring and summer, 139C; late summer and fall, 139C. Venation, lower surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer and fall, 139D. Leaf bud, 179C.
• Petiole description:
  • • Length.—About 2.7 cm.
    • Diameter.—About 1.8 mm.
    • Texture.—Upper and lower surfaces — pubescent.
    • Color.—Upper surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer and fall, 139D. lower surface: Spring and summer, 139D; late summer and fall, 139D.
• Flower description:
  • • Male inflorescences.—Catkins, color prior to elongation 194C.
    • Female inflorescence.—Style color 048B.
    • Stigma coloration.—048B.
    • Time of female flowering.—Midseason, 2 weeks after ‘Barcelona’.
    • Time of pollen shed.—Midseason, around the same time as ‘Daviana’ (unpatented).
• Involcure description:
  • • Involucre constriction.—Absent.
    • Involucre length.—25% longer than nuts.
    • Strength of serration of indentation.—Moderate.
    • Pubescence.—Little.
    • Thickness of callus at base.—Moderate callus at base similar to ‘Barcelona’.
    • Description of jointing of bracts.—Involucre slit to the base on one side. Involucre does not adhere to nut after drop. 90% of nuts fall free of the husk. A few nuts are in tubular husks.
• Nut description:
  • • Length.—About 19.1 mm.
    • Width.—About 20.7 mm.
    • Depth.—About 18.2 mm.
    • Nut shape.—Round.
    • Nut shape index [(width+depth)/2*length].—1.02.
    • Nut compression index (width/depth).—1.14.
    • Nut shell color.—164B.
    • Nut weight.—About 3.35 grams to 3.39 grams.
    • Predominant number of fruits per cluster.—2-3 nuts per cluster.
    • Stripes on shell.—None.
    • Fruit apex.—Slight (not prominent).
    • Size of the fruit pistil scar.—Small (˜1 mm×2 mm).
    • Nut curvature of the basal scar.—Flat (plane).
    • Frequency of blank nuts.—7%.
    • Time of nut maturity.—About same time as ‘Barcelona’ (unpatented).
    • Husk length.—About 25% longer than the nuts.
    • Kernel weight.—About 1.40 grams.
    • Kernel percentage (kernel weight/nut weight).—About 43%.
    • Kernel shape.—Round-oblate.
    • Kernel cross section shape.—Circular.
    • Kernel base shape.—Flat.
    • Lateral grooves.—Rare and not prominent in the kernel.
• Disease/pest resistance: Plants of the new Corylus are highly resistant to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller. Plants of the new Corylus are highly resistant to bud mites (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.), while plants of ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ are highly susceptible, and plants of ‘Barcelona’ are highly resistant.
• Temperature tolerance: Tolerates temperatures from −10 to 38° C. in the field in Corvallis, Oreg.

TABLE 1
Primers and annealing temperatures for the 24
microsatellite marker loci used to
fingerprint ‘Dorris’ and other hazelnut cultivars.
	Repeat
Locus	motif	Size	Ta	n	He	Ho
A613	(TC)13(CA)12	149-177	60	14	0.85	0.85
A614	(TC)17(CA)10	125-156	60	14	0.85	0.85
	NNN(CA)6
A616	(AC)11	136-162	60	13	0.85	0.85
A640	(CT)15	354-378	67	11	0.80	0.73
	(CA)13
B107	(CT)14	112-151	55	14	0.85	0.80
B617	(GA)15	280-298	60	9	0.80	0.78
B619	(TC)21	146-180	60	14	0.88	0.88
B634	(AG)15	218-238	60	9	0.76	0.76
B657	(AG)15	210-228	60	8	0.84	0.98
B671	(AG)6NN	221-249	60	13	0.86	0.88
	(GA)17
B709	(GA)21	219-233	60	8	0.74	0.76
B733	(TC)15	161-183	60	8	0.68	0.68
B741	(GT)5(GA)12	176-194	60	10	0.77	0.78
B749	(TC)12	200-210	60	6	0.60	0.64
B751	(GA)15	141-153	60	7	0.80	0.80
B774	(AG)15	195-213	60	8	0.80	0.80
B776	(GA)17	134-148	60	7	0.71	0.60
B795	(TC)8Ns(CT)7	296-332	60	12	0.76	0.74
	Ns(CT)10
	Ns(TC)5
C115	(TAA)5	167-226	60	14	0.80	0.80
	(GAA)12
KG809	(AGG)6	333-345	55	5	0.66	0.64
KG811	(GA)17	240-278	58	12	0.83	0.82
KG827	(CT)13AA	264-282	67	9	0.78	0.84
	(CA)7
KG830	(CT)14	279-311	67	9	0.79	0.78
	GTATT
	(CA)8
Soman-	(AAT)5		54	3	0.60	0.98
G
Locus	PIC	r	LG	Primers 5′-3′
A613	0.85	0.00	11	Ned-CACACGCCTTGTCACTCT
				TT (SEQ ID NO: 1)
A614	0.84	0.00	6	Hex-TGGCAGAGCTTTGTCAGC
				TT (SEQ ID NO: 3)
A616	0.83	0.00	8	Fam-CACTCATACCGCAAACTC
				CA (SEQ ID NO: 5)
A640	0.7	0.04	10	F-TGCCTCTGCAGTTAGTCATC
				AAATGTAGG
				(SEQ ID NO: 7)
B107	0.83	0.02	10	Ned-GTAGGTGCACTTGATGTG
				CTTTAC (SEQ ID NO: 9)
B617	0.78	0.01	8	Fam-TCCGTGTTGAGTATGGAC
				GA (SEQ ID NO: 11)
B619	0.7	0.00	3	Fam-AGTCGGCTCCCCTTTTCT
				C (SEQ ID NO: 13)
B634	0.73	0.00	4	Hex-CCTGCATCCAGGACTCAT
				TA 60 (SEQ ID NO: 15)
B657	0.82	−0.08	11	Ned-GAGAGTGCGTCTTCCTCT
				GG (SEQ ID NO: 17)
B671	0.84	−0.01	9	Hex-TTGCCAGTGCATACTCTG
				AT G (SEQ ID NO: 19)
B709	0.70	−0.01	5	Ned-CCAAGCACGAATGAACTC
				AA (SEQ ID NO: 21)
B733	0.63	0.00	7.2	Ned-CACCCTCTTCACCACCTC
				AT (SEQ ID NO: 23)
B741	0.74	0.00	5	Fam-GTTCACAGGCTGTTGGGT
				TT (SEQ ID NO: 25)
B749	0.51	−0.03	1	Hex-GGCTGACAACACAGCAGA
				AA (SEQ ID NO: 27)
B751	0.77	0.01	7.2	Fam-AGCTGGTTCTTCGACATT
				CC (SEQ ID NO: 29)
B774	0.77	0.01	5	Ned-GTTTTGCGAGCTCATTGT
				CA (SEQ ID NO: 31)
B776	0.67	0.07	6	Fam-TGTATGTACACACGGAGA
				GAGAGA (SEQ ID NO: 33)
B795	0.74	0.01	NA	Fam-GACCCACAAACAATAACC
				TATCTC (SEQ ID NO: 35)
C115	0.77	0.00	4	Fam-ATTTTCCGCAGATAATAC
				AGG (SEQ ID NO: 37)
KG809	0.60	0.01	4	Hex-AGGCATCAGTTCATCCAA
				(SEQ ID NO: 39)
KG811	0.81	0.01	2	Ned-AAGGCGGCACTCGCTCAC
				(SEQ ID NO: 41)
KG827	0.75	−0.04	9	Fam-AGAACTCCGACTAATAAT
				CCTAACCCTTGC
				(SEQ ID NO: 43)
KG830	0.76	0.00	9	Ned-TGGAGGAAGTTTTGAATG
				GTAGTAGAGGA
				(SEQ ID NO: 45)
Soman-G	0.51	−0.27	NA	Hex-TGGCGTTGCAACATATTC
				TC (SEQ ID NO: 47)
Locus	Primers 5′-3′	Reference
A613	R-CCCCTTTCACATGTTTGCTT	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 2)	2010
A614	R-GCAGTGGAGGATTGCTGACT	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 4)	2010
A616	R-ATGGCTTTTGCTTCGTTTTG	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 6)	2010
A640	Fam-CGCCATATAATTGGGATG	Gurcan et al.
	CTTGTTG (SEQ ID NO: 8)	2010
B107	R-AACACCATATTGAGTCTTTC	Boccacci et al.
	AAAGC (SEQ ID NO: 10)	2005; Gokirmak
		et al. 2009
B617	R TGTTTTTGGTGGAGCGATG	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 12)	2010
B619	R-GCGATCTGACCTCATTTTTG	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 14)	2010
B634	R-GTGCAGAGGTTGCACTCAAA	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 16)	2010
B657	R-AGCCTCACCTCCAACGAAC	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 18)	2010
B671	R-ACCAGCTCTGGGCTTAACAC	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 20)	2010
B709	R-GCGGGTTCTCGTTGTACACT	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 22)	2010
B733	R-CATCCCCTGTTGGAGTTTTC	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 24)	2010
B741	R-CGTGTTGCTCATGTGTTGTG	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 26)	2010
B749	R-TCGGCTAGGGTTAGGGTTTT	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 28	2010
B751	R-AAACTCAAATAAAACCCCTG	Gurcan et al.
	CTC (SEQ ID NO: 30)	2010
B774	R-TGTGTGTGGTCTGTAGGCACT	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 32)	2010
B776	R-TGAGGGGAAGAGGTTTGATG	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 34)	2010
B795	R-TGGGCATCATCCAGGTCTA	Gurcan et al.
	(SEQ ID NO: 36)	2010
C115	GTTTCCAGATCTGCCTCCATATAA	Bassil et al.
	T (SEQ ID NO: 38)	2005b,
		Gokirmak et al.
		2009
KG809	F-GGAAGGTGAGAGAAATCAAGT	Gurcan and
	(SEQ ID NO: 40)	Mehlenbacher
		2010
KG811	F-GAACAACTGAAGACAGCAAAG	Gurcan and
	(SEQ ID NO: 42)	Mehlenbacher
		2010
KG827	GAGGGAGCAAQTCAAAGTTGAGA	Gurcan and
	AGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 44)	Mehlenbacher
		2010
KG830	AAAGCAACTCATAGCTGAAGTCCA	Gurcan and
	ATCA (SEQ ID NO: 46)	Mehlenbacher
		2010
Soman-G	R-GCCATCTTTAGAAAGTTCGATA	unpublished
	CAG (SEQ ID NO: 48)
Primer fluorescent tags are FAM, HEX, and NED.
Ta: annealing temperature (° C.)
N: number of alleles
He: expected heterozygosity
Ho: observed heterozygosity
PIC: polymorphism information content
r: estimated null allele frequency
LG: linkage group

TABLE 2
Allele sizes in ‘Dorris’ and
other hazelnut cultivars at 24 microsatellite loci.
					‘Tonda Gentile
Tag	Locus	‘Dorris’	‘309.074’	‘Delta’	delle Langhe’
NED	A613	149/167	157/167	149/177	151/157
HEX	A614	132/158	125/132	143/158	125/135
FAM	A616	148/150	148/158	150/150	148/150
FAM	A640	372/374	368/374	362/372	354/368
NED	B107	112/122	112/152	122/130	134/152
FAM	B617	286/296	294/296	286/286	286/296
FAM	B619	156/164	164/174	156/164	148/164
HEX	B634	226/226	226/226	226/234	226/226
NED	B657	210/226	210/226	222/226	218/226
HEX	B671	227/247	227/237	235/247	237/241
NED	B709	227/227	227/227	227/227	227/227
NED	B733	171/179	171/173	173/179	171/173
FAM	B741	177/186	177/177	177/186	177/184
HEX	B749	206/206	206/208	206/208	206/208
FAM	B751	143/151	143/153	143/151	149/153
NED	B774	203/207	203/203	207/213	203/211
FAM	B776	137/137	137/137	137/150	137/137
FAM	B795	330/330	330/330	314/330	312/330
FAM	C115	194/215	173/194	197/215	173/173
HEX	KG809	336/345	336/339	345/345	336/339
NED	KG811	254/264	242/254	254/264	254/264
FAM	KG827	270/282	268/282	270/270	266/268
NED	KG830	295/297	291/295	291/297	291/295
HEX	SM NG	196/200	196/200	196/196	196/200
	Tag	Locus	‘Barcelona’	‘Extra Ghiaghli’	‘Gasaway’
	NED	A613	151/159	167/169	159/161
	HEX	A614	125/131	125/150	143/158
	FAM	A616	142/150	150/158	148/148
	FAM	A640	354/374	374/374	362/368
	NED	B107	112/134	116/116	122/128
	FAM	B617	286/290	294/296	292/296
	FAM	B619	156/170	164/174	170/174
	HEX	B634	226/226	226/226	220/232
	NED	B657	218/222	210/222	224/228
	HEX	B671	223/227	227/247	235/247
	NED	B709	225/233	225/227	227/227
	NED	B733	171/173	171/171	173/173
	FAM	B741	177/186	177/184	186/188
	HEX	B749	208/208	208/208	206/208
	FAM	B751	143/153	143/147	143/143
	NED	B774	203/207	195/203	203/209
	FAM	B776	135/137	135/137	146/150
	FAM	B795	330/330	296/310	314/316
	FAM	C115	173/194	182/194	215/218
	HEX	KG809	336/336	336/339	336/345
	NED	KG811	258/264	240/242	254/258
	FAM	KG827	280/282	276/282	270/280
	NED	KG830	291/295	291/295	291/305
	HEX	SM NG	196/200	196/200	196/196

REFERENCES

• Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005a. Microsatellite markers in hazelnut: Isolation, characterization and cross-species amplification. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 130:543-549.
• Bassil N. V., Botta R., Mehlenbacher S. A. 2005b. Additional microsatellite markers of the European hazelnut. Acta Hort. 686:105-110.
• Boccacci P., Akkak A., Bassil N. V., Mehlenbacher S. A., Botta R. 2005. Characterization and evaluation of microsatellite loci in European hazelnut (C. avellana) and their transferability to other Corylus species. Molec. Ecol. Notes 5:934-937.
• Boccacci P., Akkak, A. and Botta, R. 2006. DNA typing and genetic relations among European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars using microsatellite markers. Genome 49:598-611.
• Gökirmak T., Mehlenbacher S. A., Bassil N. V. 2009. Characterization of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) cultivars using SSR markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56:147-172.
• Gürcan, K., S. A. Mehlenbacher and V. Erdogan. 2010a. Genetic diversity in hazelnut cultivars from Black Sea countries assessed using SSR markers. Plant Breeding (available on-line doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01753.x).
• Gürcan, K., S. A. Mehlenbacher, N. V. Bassil, P. Boccacci, A. Akkak and R. Botta. 2010b. New microsatellite markers for Corylus avellana from enriched libraries. Tree Genetics and Genomes (available on-line as DOI 10.1007/s11295-010-0269-y).
• Gürcan, K. and S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2010. Development of microsatellite marker loci for European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) from ISSR fragments. Molecular Breeding (available on-line).

Claims

1. A new and distinct cultivar of Corylus plant named ‘Dorris’, as illustrated and described.