Patent Application
20230210754
The present invention relates to a cosmetic product comprising a formulation comprising an O/W (oil-in-water) emulsion which can be easily inverted to a W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion by increasing the volume fraction of the oil phase and a making-up method using the cosmetic product. The present invention also relates to use of the O/W emulsion in changing an appearance especially color and/or gloss and texture provided by a conventional cosmetic product.
Cosmetic products or personal care products generally refer to products intended to be placed in contact with the external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, and lips etc.) for cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance, protecting them, keeping them in good condition or correcting body odors. On one hand, multifunctional cosmetic products such as those having caring and making-up functions have attracted great attention. On the other hand, cosmetic products are becoming more and more scene-oriented. In response to these needs, cosmetic products are required to comprise various aqueous and oily components.
Emulsions comprising aqueous phase and oil phase are widely applied in cosmetic products. The emulsions may be divided into water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions depending on the internal or dispersed phase and the external or continuous phase. However, generally, the emulsions can only be diluted or dispersed by solvents having the same polarity as their external or continuous phase. In other words, the O/W emulsion generally can only be diluted with an aqueous solvent, and is poorly dispersed in an oil without aid of heating or an emulsifying agent. The same applies to the W/O emulsion. Further, the W/O emulsions have not been intensively studied as the O/W emulsions up till now, and it is difficult to prepare out W/O emulsions having long-term stability at room temperature. Thus, it is highly desired if an O/W emulsion can be converted into a W/O emulsion easily so that application of the O/W emulsion may be extended to emulsified or non-emulsified oil-based cosmetic formulations.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a cosmetic product comprising formulation i), wherein the formulation i) comprises an O/W emulsion of a crosslinked silicone obtained from radical polymerization under emulsion polymerization reaction condition of at least one polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and optionally an organohydrogenpolysiloxane different from the polyorganosiloxane, in the presence of a polyether-modified polysiloxane.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a making-up method using the cosmetic product of the present invention.
In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to use of the O/W emulsion of the crosslinked silicone in changing the texture and appearance, especially gloss and/or color provided by a lipstick, a lip gloss, a lip balm, a lip glaze, a nail coloring preparation, a nail polishing preparation, a foundation, a concealer, a blemish balm, a sunscreen, a tanning preparation, a blush, a soft focus preparation, an eye liner, an eye shadow, a mascara, or a head-hair coloring or dying preparation.
Surprisingly, it has been found that the O/W emulsion of the crosslinked silicone used in formulation i) can be inverted to a W/O emulsion by increasing the volume fraction of the oil phase, for example, through simply mixing with additional oil(s), especially oil(s) conventionally used in cosmetics. Upon phase inversion, the internal cross-linked silicone formed by the emulsion polymerization is mixed with the additional oil and is in the continuous phase through swelling in oil phase, and may act as a rheological additive in formulating a cosmetic product. The phase inversion ability of the O/W emulsion is of great benefit. The O/W emulsion can be used in an aqueous cosmetic formulation due to its aqueous continuous phase, and can also be used in an oil-based cosmetic formulation without adding an emulsifier due to its phase inversion capability.
Besides, the cosmetic product comprising the crosslinked silicone emulsion can provide a soft and cushioning sensory, and may be substantially free of a noble metal generally used as a catalyst in forming a crosslinked structure by hydrosilylation reaction. The expression “substantially free of a noble metal” as used herein refers to presence of the noble metal only in an impurity amount, and preferably in an amount of less than 1 ppm.
In an embodiment, the cosmetic product comprises an oil-based cosmetic formulation formed by phase inversion of the O/W emulsion in the absence of an additional emulsifier indispensable for dispersing a conventional O/W emulsion in oil(s). The cosmetic product can comprise a higher content of water and humectant than a corresponding cosmetic product formed from a conventional W/O emulsion due to the compatibility of the resultant W/O emulsion with the aqueous components already contained in the original O/W emulsion. Thus, the cosmetic product may provide improved moisture retention capability with less stickiness feel.
In another embodiment, the cosmetic product comprises at least an O/W emulsion type formulation i) formed from the O/W emulsion of the crosslinked silicone. It is surprisingly found that this formulation i) can be phase inverted after mixing with an oil-based make-up, and in turn change the texture and appearance provided by the make-up, for example, a lipstick, a lip gloss, a lip balm, a lip glaze, a nail coloring preparation, a nail polishing preparation, a foundation, a concealer, a blemish balm, a sunscreen, a tanning preparation, a blush, a soft focus preparation, an eye liner, an eye shadow, a mascara, or a head-hair coloring or dying preparation.
In the specification and claims herein, the following terms and expressions are to be understood as indicated.
The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed.
No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
The terms, “comprising”, “including”, “containing”, and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, but will also be understood to include the more restrictive terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of”.
Other than in the working examples or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts of materials, temperatures, time durations, quantified properties of materials, and so forth, stated in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” whether or not the term “about” is used in the expression.
It will be understood that any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges within that range and any combination of the various endpoints of such ranges or sub-ranges.
It will be further understood that any compound, material or substance which is expressly or implicitly disclosed in the specification and/or recited in a claim as belonging to a group of structurally, compositionally and/or functionally related compounds, materials or substances includes individual representatives of the group and all combinations thereof.
The expression “hydrocarbon group” means any hydrocarbon from which one or more hydrogen atoms has been removed and is inclusive of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclic alkyl, cyclic alkenyl, cyclic alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and arenyl groups and is inclusive of hydrocarbon groups containing at least one heteroatom.
The term “alkyl” means any monovalent, saturated straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group; the term “alkenyl” means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein; and, the term “alkynyl” means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds and, optionally, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon triple bond, a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein. Examples of alkyls include methyl, ethyl, propyl and isobutyl. Examples of alkenyls include vinyl, propenyl, allyl, methallyl, ethylidenyl norbornane, ethylidene norbornyl, ethylidenyl norbornene and ethylidene norbornenyl. Examples of alkynyls include acetylenyl, propargyl and methylacetylenyl.
The expressions “cyclic alkyl”, “cyclic alkenyl”, and “cyclic alkynyl” include bicyclic, tricyclic and higher cyclic structures as well as the aforementioned cyclic structures further substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkynyl groups. Representative examples include norbornyl, norbornenyl, ethylnorbornyl, ethylnorbomenyl, cyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexyl, ethylcyclohexenyl, cyclohexylcyclohexyl and cyclododecatrienyl.
The term “aryl” means any monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group; the term “aralkyl” means any alkyl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and/or different aryl (as defined herein) groups; and, the term “arenyl” means any aryl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and/or different alkyl groups (as defined herein). Examples of aryls include phenyl and naphthalenyl. Examples of aralkyls include benzyl and phenethyl. Examples of arenyls include tolyl and xylyl.
The term “heteroatom” means any of the Group 13-17 elements except carbon and includes, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
In one embodiment, hydrocarbon group(s), where present, contain up to 60 carbon atoms, in another embodiment up to 30 carbon atoms and in yet another embodiment up to 20 carbon atoms.
Useful hydrocarbon groups include alkyl groups examples of which are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl and tert-pentyl; hexyl such as n-hexyl; heptyl such as n-heptyl; octyl such as n-octyl, isooctyl and 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl; nonyl such as n-nonyl; decyl such as n-decyl; and cycloalkyl, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and methylcyclohexyl. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, propenyl, allyl, methallyl, cyclohexenyl. Examples of alkynyl groups include acetylenyl, propargyl and methylacetylenyl. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl; o-, m- and p-tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl and benzyl.
The terms and expressions “hydrosilyl”, “hydride”, “silicone hydride”, “SiH”, are understood in the organosiloxane art to be used interchangeably and to designate polyorganosiloxanes that contain one or more hydrogen atoms bonded directly to silicon.
The term “emulsion” as used herein shall also be understood to include “microemulsion”.
The term “water phase” and “aqueous phase” as used herein interchangeably shall be understood to include water and optionally water soluble or water compatible components. Water soluble or water compatible component(s), also referred to as “aqueous component(s)” include, water-soluble inorganic compounds, for example, acids, bases, and salts; water-soluble organic compounds, for example, alcohols such as monohydric alcohol and an alcoholic compound containing at least two hydroxyl groups such as 2-6 hydroxyl groups, including glycerol, diglycerol, ethylene glycol and sorbitol, carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, amines and the like, polymeric or oligomeric compounds, such as polyols, polyamines or polyamidoamines, complex water-soluble organic compounds, such as cosmetic active substances, and water-soluble dyes. Optionally, the aqueous phase may further contain water-wettable particles, such as pigments, fillers or rheological additives.
The term “oil phase” as used herein shall be understood to include any lipophilic or hydrophobic non-aqueous medium which is liquid at room temperature (25° C.) and atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). The oil phase may be composed of one or more oily components. The individual components may be a solid or a liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with the mixture of the individual components as a whole being liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The “oily component(s)” as used herein include oil(s) and/or wax(es). “Oil(s)” as used herein shall be understood to include any lipophilic or hydrophobic substance which is liquid at room temperature (25° C.) and atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). “Wax” as used herein shall be understood to include a lipophilic or hydrophobic compound that is solid at room temperature and exhibits a reversible solid/liquid state change.
The term “aqueous formulation” and “aqueous cosmetic” as used herein shall be understood to mean a composition, either emulsified or non-emulsified, formed from a plurality of substances formulated for cosmetic purpose with water and/or aqueous component(s) being a continues phase. The plurality of substances may form a homogeneous phase with no phase interfaces such as a solution, or a lotion or an emulsion, including a multiple emulsion, with an oil phase being dispersed in an aqueous phase.
The term “oil-based formulation” and “oil-based cosmetic” as used herein shall be understood to mean a composition, either emulsified or non-emulsified, formed from a plurality of substances formulated for cosmetic purpose with oily component(s) being a continues phase. The plurality of substances may form a homogeneous phase with no phase interfaces such as a solution, or form a cream or an emulsion, including a multiple emulsion, with an aqueous phase being dispersed in an oil phase or an oil phase dispersed in another oil phase, for example, a hydrocarbon oil being the dispersed phase and a silicone oil being the continuous phase, and vice versa. Illustrative multiple emulsions include, for example, oil-in water-in-oil emulsions and water-in-oil-in water-emulsions.
The term “make-up” as used herein shall be understood to mean any cosmetic product comprising an aesthetic component capable of imparting color and/or gloss to a human keratin material by being applied to the material. The human keratin material includes, for example, lip, skin such as face skin, neck skin, body skin, and eye skin, or epidermalderivative such as nail and hair such as eyelash, eyebrow and head-hair. Illustrative examples of the make-up include but are not limited to a lipstick, a lip gloss, a lip balm, a lip glaze, a nail coloring preparation, a nail polishing preparation, a foundation, a concealer, a blemish balm, a sunscreen, a tanning preparation, a blush, a soft focus preparation, an eye liner, an eye shadow, a mascara, or a head-hair coloring or dying preparation.
Terms or words used in the description and claims should not be restrictively interpreted as ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts conforming to the inventive concept on the basis of a principle that an inventor can properly define the concept of a term to explain his or her own invention in the best ways.
In an aspect, the present invention relates to a cosmetic product comprising formulation i) and optionally formulation ii) separate from formulation i). Formulation i) may be an O/W emulsion type or an oil-based formulation. In an embodiment, formulation i) is an O/W emulsion type formulation, and formulation ii) is an emulsified or non-emulsified oil-based formulation. In an embodiment, the cosmetic product comprises a first container containing formulation i) and a second container containing formulation ii). The cosmetic product contains said polyether-modified polysiloxane originating from the emulsion polymerization reaction. The cosmetic product may further comprise one or more additional formulation(s) if needed.
Formulation i) comprises at least an O/W emulsion of a crosslinked silicone obtained from radical polymerization under emulsion polymerization reaction condition of at least one polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and optionally an organohydrogenpolysiloxane different from the polyorganosiloxane, in the presence of a polyether-modified polysiloxane. Said formulation i) contains said polyether-modified polysiloxane originating from the emulsion polymerization reaction.
The polyorganosiloxane has at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds which can subject to free radical addition polymerization reaction to form a crosslinked silicone in the internal phase of the O/W emulsion. The number of the aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds may be, for example, 2 to about 1000, preferably 2 to about 500, more preferably 2 to about 100.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane contains at least two unsaturated groups selected from the group consisting of alkenyl groups and alkynl groups. When organohydrogenpolysiloxane is present, the radical addition polymerization reaction involves not only the radical polymerization of the alkenyl/alkynl groups in the polyorganosiloxane, but also the hydrosilylation reaction between Si-H in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane and alkenyl/alkynl groups in the polysiloxane. The polyorganosiloxane may also contain Si-H functionality.
In an embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds is of the general formula (I):
wherein
In a preferred embodiment, the polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds is at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
wherein MV, D, DV and M are as previously defined and subscripts i, k and m are integers subject to the limitation that i is 0 to 2; k is 0 to 1000, specifically 10 to 600 and more specifically 10 to 500; m is 0 to 100, more specifically 0 to 50; and R26 and R34 each independently is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, methallyl, acrylate or alkacrylate group, preferably vinyl or allyl;
wherein MV and Q are as previously defined and subscripts i and s are integers subject to the limitation that i ≥2, specifically ≥3, and more specifically ≥4; s ≥ 1, specifically ≥2, and more specifically ≥3; and i + s is 3 to 50, specifically 3 to 20, and more specifically 3 to 15; and each R26 is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, methallyl, acrylate or alkacrylate group, preferably vinyl or allyl.
In an embodiment, the organohydrogenpolysiloxane is present and is of the general formula (I):
wherein M, MH, MV, MF, D, DH, DV, DF, T, TH, TV, TF and Q are as previously defined, and subscripts g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r and s each independently is an integer of 0 to 500, specifically 0 to 200, and more specifically 0 to 100, subject to the limitations that (1) h+1+p ≥ 1, specifically ≥ 2, and more specifically ≥ 8, and (2) when i+m+q ≥ 2, the formulae (I) defined for the polyorganosiloxane and for the organohydrogenpolysiloxane are different.
In a preferred embodiment, the organohydrogenpolysiloxane is at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
wherein MH, D, DH and M are as previously defined and h, k and 1 are 0 or a integer number subject to the limitation that h is 0 to 2; k is 10 to 300, specifically 10 to 200, and more specifically 20 to 200; 1 is 0 to 50, specifically 0 to 20, and more specifically 1 to 10; and h+1 is 1 to 100, more specifically 1 to 32 and still more specifically 2 to 12;
wherein MH and Q are as previously defined and subscripts h and s are integers subject to the limitation that h ≥1, specifically ≥2, and more specifically ≥3; s ≥ 1, specifically ≥2, and more specifically ≥3; and i + s is 2 to 50, specifically 2 to 20, and more specifically 2 to 15.
The molar ratio of total ethylenically unsaturated groups (including the ones present in polyorganosiloxane and organohydrogenpolysiloxane, if any) to total Si-H functionalities (including the ones present in polyorganosiloxane and organohydrogenpolysiloxane, if present) should be at least 1 and advantageously at least 2. On a weight basis, the weight ratio of total polyorganosiloxane to total organohydrogenpolysiloxane can vary widely, e.g., from 100:0 to 1:99, or from 100:0 to 50:50, or from 100:0 to 80:20.
The viscosities of polyorganosiloxane and organohydrogenpolysiloxane can vary widely. For example, polyorganosiloxane can have a viscosity as measured at 25° C. by Brookfield Rotary Viscometry of from 0.0002 to 1000 Pa. s, specifically 0.001 Pa.s to 100 Pa.s. The organohydrogenpolysiloxane can have a viscosity as measured at 25° C. by Brookfield Rotary Viscometry of from 0.001 to 50 Pa. s, specifically 0.002 to 10 Pa. s.
In most cases, polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and organohydrogenpolysiloxane will be present within the O/W emulsion polymerization reaction mixture at the onset of polymerization. However, it is within the scope of the invention to commence polymerization of polyorganosiloxane alone and only thereafter but before completion of polymerization of polyorganosiloxane to introduce optional organohydrogenpolysiloxane into the emulsion reaction medium whereby unreacted MV, DV and/or TV unit present in polyorganosiloxane will undergo hydrosilylation by MH, DH and/or TH unit present in organohydrogenpolysiloxane. Delayed addition of organohydrogenpolysiloxane to polyorganosiloxane can be advantageous when preparing an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) or a core-shell structure.
The “polyether-modified polysiloxane” used herein refers to a polysiloxane wherein one or more polyether moieties are bonded to the Si atom(s) in the backbone of the polysiloxane directly or via a divalent hydrocarbon group. The polyether moiety is composed of one or more alkylene oxide groups. The alkylene oxide group is preferably at least one selected from ethylene oxide group, propylene oxide group and butylene group. The Si atom to which the polyether moiety is bonded can be located in any of the M unit (SiO½), D unit (SiO2/2) or T unit (SiO3/2) unit, preferably M unit and/or D unit, more preferably D unit. The divalent hydrocarbon group is preferably a divalent linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, and further more preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
In addition to the polyether moiety, the polyether-modified polysiloxane may further contain other functionality, such as alkoxy group, aryloxy group, an amino group, an ester group, an amide or an epoxide group, which can be bonded to the Si atom in the backbone of the polysiloxane directly or via a divalent hydrocarbon group, for example the ones listed above with regard to polyether moiety.
In a preferred embodiment, the polyether-modified polysiloxane is of the general formula (II):
wherein:
In a further preferred embodiment, the polyether-modified polysiloxane is at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
wherein M1, D1 and D2 are as previously defined for formula (II), d is 1 to about 200, preferably 10 to about 100; and e is 1 to about 200, preferably 1 to about 100; and
wherein M1, M2, D1 and D2 are as previously defined for formula (II), b is 1 or 2, d is 1 to about 200, preferably 10 to about 100; and e is 0 to about 200, preferably 1 to about 100.
In one preferable embodiment, in formula (II-1) and formula (II-2) where e is not 0, the ratio of d to e (d:e) is within the range from about 3:1 to about 35:1, preferably from about 4:1 to about 30:1, and more preferably from about 5:1 to about 20:1.
The polyether-modified polysiloxane may be prepared by hydrosilylation of Si-H functionalized polysiloxane with a vinyl-containing polyether in the presence of Pt catalyst, which is well known in the art. The polyether-modified polysiloxane are also commercially available, for example, PEG-3 dimethicone, PEG-6 dimethicone, PEG-7 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-9 dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-14 dimethicone, PEG-17 dimethicone and PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone (all from Momentive Performance Materials).
Based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the polyorganosiloxane having at least two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and the organohydrogenpolysiloxane (if present), the polyether-modified polysiloxane is used in an amount of about 5 to about 50 parts by weight, preferably about 8 to about 35 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to about 30 parts by weight.
Free radical-initiated polymerization of polyorganosiloxane and hydrosilylation of polyorganosiloxane with organohydrogenpolysiloxane (if present) can be carried out in an O/W emulsion polymerization reaction medium employing conventional or otherwise known emulsion polymerization procedures.
In such emulsion polymerization procedures, the dispersed oil phase of the emulsion reaction mixture includes polyorganosiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, optional organohydrogenpolysiloxane and optional organic solvent and/or swelling agent (compatibilizer). The continuous aqueous phase of the emulsion reaction medium includes water and water-soluble or water-miscible components such as emulsifier, free radical initiator and optional components such as stabilizers, co-stabilizers, chain transfer agents, and the like. In general, the oil phase can constitute from 1 to 80, and advantageously from 30 to 70 weight percent of the emulsion polymerization reaction medium with the aqueous phase making up the balance.
In an embodiment, the O/W emulsion is prepared by a process comprising:
Solvents and/or swelling agents (compatibilizers) can be incorporated in the oil phase of the emulsion polymerization reaction medium. Suitable solvents/swelling agents include non-reactive silicone oils having a viscosity from 0.002 Pa.s to 0.2 Pa.s at 25° C., for example, methicones, alkyl methicone such as octyl methicone, dimethicone, alkyl dimethicone, phenyl dimethicone, amino dimethicone, trimethylsiloxysilicate and polymethylsilsesquioxane; hydrocarbon oils such as isodecane, hexadecane and squalane; triglycerides such as caprylic triglyceride; esters such as cetyl palmitate and isopropyl myristate; and ethers such as dipropylene glycol butyl ether. Such solvents/swelling agents can represent up to 95 weight percent of the oil phase of the O/W emulsion reaction medium.
Suitable emulsifiers include those of the nonionic and anionic types and their mixtures. Suitable nonionic emulsifiers include any of those heretofore employed in emulsion polymerization processes such as the alcohol ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene monostearates, and the like. Similarly, useful anionic emulsifiers include those known to be useful in emulsion polymerization procedures such as the alkali metal sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinate surfactants. Specific examples of these surfactants include alkali metal sulforesorcinates; sulfonated glyceryl esters of fatty acids; salts of sulfonated monovalent alcohol esters; sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon alkali salts such as sodium alpha-naphthalene monosulfonate; sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cetostearyl sulfate, triethanol amine lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate; phosphates such as the potassium salts of cetyl phosphate; and, sulfosuccinates such as disodium lauryl sulfosuccinates. In a preferred embodiment, nonionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene monostearates or combination thereof are used.
The free radical initiator can be selected from, for example, azo initiators, inorganic peroxides, organic peroxides and redox initiators. Azo initiators include (2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Inorganic peroxides include ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate. Organic peroxides include benzoyl peroxide and dilauroyl peroxide. Redox initiators include ammonium persulfates and 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid disodium salt, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid and potassium persulfate and tetramethylethylenediamine. The free radical reaction can also be initiated by high energy sources such as ultrasound and radiation in accordance with conventional and otherwise known procedures.
It is desirable that in all embodiments of the O/W emulsion herein the emulsion reaction medium be devoid of precious metal hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, e.g., of the platinum-containing type. Thus, the resulting crosslinked silicone O/W emulsion may be substantially free from such precious metal-based compound which is not suitable for cosmetic use due to its toxicity.
Suitable stabilizers include polymeric steric stabilizers such as partially hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate), thickeners such as guar gum, cellulose and its derivatives, polyacrylates and polyacrylic acid copolymers. Suitable co-stabilizers include polyethers such as ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers, glyols, glycerin and electrolytes such as potassium chloride and calcium chloride.
Particle size of the crosslinked silicone in the O/W emulsion herein may be effectively controlled by selection and/or adjustment of the viscosity of the polyorganosiloxane prior to emulsification as well as adjustment of the temperature, mixing speed and/or emulsifier used in preparing the emulsion. In one embodiment, the particle size of crosslinked silicone emulsion can be from 10 nm to 100 microns, and specifically from 100 nm to 30 microns as determined by dynamic laser scattering analyzer such as laser particle size analyzer LS230.
The combination step (a) and the adding step (b) may be carried out at room temperature or at an elevated temperature of not higher than, for example 100° C., preferably not higher than 80° C.
Depending on the nature of the selected free radical initiator, the radical polymerization step (c) can be carried out at a temperatures of from 40° C. to 100° C., preferably 50° C. to 90° C. for a period of about 1 to 10 hours, preferably 2 to 5 hours to provide the O/W emulsion of crosslinked silicone according to the present invention.
In addition to visual observation, decreased conductivity can be an indicative of successful phase inversion from an O/W emulsion to a W/O emulsion. When such phase inversion occurs, the conductivity at 25° C. will be decreased to about lower than 0.5 µs/cm. Any method known for measuring conductivity may be used herein. For example, the conductivity may be measured using SevenExcellence multiparameter (Mettler Toledo).
The O/W emulsion may be comprised in formulation i) in an amount of about 1 to about 100 wt%, preferably about 30 to about 99 wt%, more preferably about 50 to about 90 wt%, based on the total weight of formulation i).
In an embodiment, formulation i) is an O/W type emulsion formulation formed, for example, directly from the O/W emulsion of the present invention, or by mixing the O/W emulsion of the present invention with substances conventionally used in an aqueous cosmetic. Thus, formulation i) and the cosmetic product comprising formulation i) contains said polyether-modified polysiloxane originating from the emulsion polymerization reaction.
In addition to the O/W emulsion, formulation i) may further comprise a humectant. The humectant may be selected from the group consisting of polyols, amino acids, saccharides, lactic acid and salt thereof, hyaluronic acid and salt thereof, pyrolidonecarboxylacid, ceramide, and combination thereof. In a preferable embodiment, the humectant includes at least one polyol.
The polyols may be selected from polyhydric alcohols having for example 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups and ether derives thereof. The polyhydric alcohols may be selected from glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylol propane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, isoprene glycol, caprylyl glycol, ethylhexyl glycerine, xylitol, sorbitol, and combination thereof. Illustrative examples of ethers derived from polyhydric alcohols include, but are not limited to, glycol ethers having for example from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, such as mono-, di- or triethylene glycol (C1-C4) alkyl ethers, mono-, di- or tripropylene glycol (C1-C4) alkyl ethers, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diglycerol, polyglycerols, and polyethylene glycols, and combination thereof. Particularly, the polyols may be selected from the group consisting of glycerol, ethylhexyl glycerol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, xylitol, sorbitol, glycols having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, for example, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, their ether derivates, for example, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and combination thereof. More particular, the polyols are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, xylitol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, sorbitol and combination thereof.
Other illustrative examples of the humectants include, but are not limited to trimethylglycine, glucan, dextran, glucosan, lactic acid and sodium lactate, hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate, pyrolidonecarboxylacid, ceramide, and combination thereof.
The humectant may be present in formulation i) in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 % by weight of the formulation, for example, about 0.2 to about 40% by weight, such as about 1 to about 30% by weight of the formulation.
Formulation i) may optionally further comprise an emollient. The emollient may be selected from water soluble oil(s) and lipid(s) such as water soluble vegetable oils especially Jojoba oils, including, but are not limited to water-soluble jojoba oils and polyethylene glycol modified oils and waxes such as Jojoba oil PEG-150 esters, JOJOBA wax PEG-120 esters, PEG-7 olivate, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-75 lanolin, PEG-30 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-80 glyceryl cocoate.
The emollient may be present in formulation i) in an amount of from about 0 to about 40 % by weight of the formulation, for example about 0.2 to about 30% by weight, such as about 1 to about 20% by weight of the formulation.
Formulation i) may optionally further include, if necessary, rheological additive such as water soluble polymers especially of natural origins, illustrative examples of which include xanthan gum and guar gum; preservatives such as octyl glycol and phenoxyethanol; cosmetic active agents known in the art for example anti-oxidants, and plant and animal extracts such as Aloe Vera extracts and hydrolyzed proteins.
In other embodiment, formulation i) is an emulsified oil-based formulation formed by phase inversion of the O/W emulsion, preferably by adding into the O/W emulsion an oil selected from the group consisting of a non-reactive silicone oil; a hydrocarbon oil; a triglyceride; an ester; an ether, and a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the phase inversion is carried out in the absence of an additional emulsifier indispensable for dispersing a conventional O/W emulsion in oil(s), preferably even without heating. The resultant cosmetic product can comprise a higher content of water and humectant than a corresponding cosmetic product formed from a conventional W/O emulsion due to the compatibility of the resultant W/O emulsion with the aqueous components already contained in the original O/W emulsion. Thus, the cosmetic product may provide improved moisture retention capability with less stickiness feel.
Illustrative examples of non-reactive silicone oils include linear or cyclic silicone oils having a viscosity from about 0.001 Pa.s to about 10 Pa.s, preferably from about 0.002 Pa.s to about 5 Pa.s at 25° C., for example, polymethylsiloxane optionally modified with alkyl having about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, and cyclic siloxane having up to 16 silicon atoms. Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to methicones, alkyl methicone such as octyl methicone, dimethicone, alkyl dimethicone such as octyl dimethicone, phenyl dimethicone, and octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane.
The term “hydrocarbon oil” means an oil mainly containing hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples of hydrocarbon oils include linear or branched hydrocarbon oils containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms. In an exemplified embodiment, the hydrocarbon oils are selected from C8-C16 branched alkanes, also known as isoparaffins, such as isododecane (also known as 2,2,4,4,6-pentamethylheptane), isodecane and isohexadecane. The hydrocarbon oils may also be selected from linear C8-C14 alkanes. Further examples of oils that may be used herein include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, in particular Vaseline (petrolatum), paraffin oil, squalane, squalene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated polydecene, polybutene, mineral oil, pentahydrosqualene, and mixtures thereof.
Triglycerides as used herein are intended to include plant oils and animal oils with a high triglyceride content consisting of fatty acid esters of glycerol, the fatty acids of which may have varied chain lengths, these chains possibly being linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. Specific oils under triglycerides include but are not limited to wheat germ oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, karite butter, castor oil, sweet almond oil, macadamia oil, apricot oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa oil, poppy oil, pumpkin oil, sesame seed oil, marrow oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil, grape seed oil, blackcurrant seed oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, quinoa oil, olive oil, rye oil, safflower oil, candlenut oil, passion flower oil or musk rose oil; or caprylic/capric acid triglycerides.
Illustrative esters include esters synthesized from a higher fatty acid, for example, but are not limited to oils synthesized from a linear or branched higher fatty acid having 7 to 19 carbon atoms and alcohols having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include cetostearyl octanoate, isononyl isononanoate, octyldodecyl neopentanoate, isopropyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate; and octanoates, decanoates or ricinoleates of alcohols or of polyalcohols. Other examples include hydroxylated esters, such as isostearyl lactate or diisostearyl malate; and pentaerythritol esters. Further examples include esters prepared from acid and sugar including C1-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars, for example, but are not limited to: glucose tetraoleate, the glucose tetraesters of soybean oil fatty acids, the mannose tetraesters of mixed soybean oil fatty acids, the galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic acid, xylose tetralinoleate, galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of unsaturated soybean oil fatty acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose hexaoleate, sucrose hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof.
Illustrative ethers include synthetic ethers containing from 10 to 40 carbon atoms.
The oil(s) may be mixed with formulation i) in a weight ratio of about 10:90 to about 90:10, preferably about 20:80 to about 80:20, or about 30:70 to about 70:30.
Formulation i) may further comprise at least one wax. Suitable examples of waxes that can be used herein include those generally used in the cosmetics field. Illustrative examples include but are not limited to: waxes of natural origin, such as plant wax or animal wax; synthetic waxes; silicone waxes; a long-chain alcohol wax, and the like. The wax provides the composition with improved moisture retention, longer lasting sensory on the skin, increases the viscosity and provides good shelf-life stability.
Illustrative examples of plant wax or animal wax include, but are not limited to beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricuri wax, Japan wax, cork fibre wax or sugar cane wax, rice wax, montan wax, paraffin wax, lignite wax or microcrystalline wax, ceresin or ozokerite, and hydrogenated waxes such as hydrogenated castor wax or jojoba wax.
Illustrative examples of synthetic waxes include, but are not limited to petroleum wax such as the polyethylene waxes obtained from the polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene, and Fischer-Tropsch waxes, or else esters of fatty acids, such as octacosanyl stearate.
Illustrative examples of silicone waxes include, but are not limited to, silicone waxes such as alkyl- or alkoxydimethicones having an alkyl or alkoxy chain of about 10 to 45 carbon atoms, poly(di)methylsiloxane esters which are solid at 30° C. and whose ester chain comprises at least 10 carbon atoms.
The long-chain alcohol wax may have an average carbon chain length of between about 20 and about 60 carbon atoms, most preferably between about 30 and about 50 carbon atoms. The long-chain alcohol wax may have a melting temperature ranging from about 93° C. to about 105° C.
In one embodiment, the wax may be added to formulation i) in an amount of from about 0 to about 25 percent by weight of the formulation, preferably 0.1 to about 25 percent by weight of the formulation, such as about 1 percent to about 10 percent of weight of the formulation.
Formulation i) may optionally comprises an emollient as oily components such as various kinds of hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, oils and fats, esters, castor oil, squalane, liquid paraffin, isoparaffin, petroleum jelly, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, isostearic acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cetyl 2-ethylhexanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldodecyl myristate, 2-octyldodecyl gum esters, neopentyl glycol 2-ethylhexanoate, isooctylic acid triglyceride, 2-octyldodecyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isostearic acid triglyceride, coconut oil fatty acid triglyceride, olive oil, avocado oil, myristyl myrisate, mink oil, lanolin, amino acid compounds, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, D-panthernol, lactic acid, L-proline, guanidine, pyrrolidone, hydrolyzed protein and other collagen- derived proteins, Aloe Vera gel, acetamide MEA and lactamide MEA and ethyl acetate resins such as acrylic resins.
The emollient may be present in formulation i) in an amount of from about 0 to about 40 percent by weight of the formulation, preferably about 0.2 to about 30 percent by weight of the formulation, such as about 1 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight, or 5 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight of the formulation.
Formulation i) may further comprise one or more cosmetically acceptable ingredients. Suitable cosmetic ingredients include, for example, moisturizers, pigments, including pearlescent pigments such as bismuth oxychloride and titanium dioxide coated mica, colorants, fragrances, biocides, preservatives, antioxidants, anti-fungal agents, antiperspirant agents, exfoliants, hormones, enzymes, medicinal compounds, vitamins, salts, electrolytes, alcohols, polyols, absorbing agents for ultraviolet radiation, botanical extracts, thickening agents such as, for example, fumed silica or hydrated silica, particulate fillers, such as for example, talc, kaolin, starch, modified starch, mica, nylon, clays, such as, for example, bentonite and organo-modified clays.
Formulation ii) is an emulsified or non-emulsified oil-based formulation. Formulation ii) may include oily components for example oils and waxes as those exemplified for Formulation i) above. Formulation ii) may be non-emulsified with the oily components forming a homogeneous phase.
Formulation ii) may also be emulsified to form a cream or an emulsion having an aqueous phase dispersed in an oil phase, or having an oil phase dispersed in another oil phase. Suitable emulsifiers include nonionic type emulsifiers, anionic type emulsifiers and their mixtures. The emulsifiers may be present in formulation ii) in an amount of about 1 to about 50 percent by weight based on the total weight of the formulation, for example 2 to about 40 percent by weight, such as 3 to about 20 percent by weight of the formulation.
Illustrative nonionic type emulsifiers include, but are not limited to alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglycosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated sugar esters and polyesters, fatty acid amides, condensation products of alkylene oxides and fatty acids, such as alkylene oxide esters of fatty acids and alkylene oxide diesters of fatty acids, condensation products of alkylene oxides and fatty alcohols, such as PEG 40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG stearate, PEG lauryl ester, PEG stearate ether, condensation products of alkylene oxides and fatty acids and fatty alcohol, wherein the polyalkylene oxide portion is esterified on one end with a fatty acid and etherified on the other end with a fatty alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerine fatty acid esters and saccharose fatty acid esters and polysorbate, and silicon-containing emulsifiers such as polyether-modified siloxane. Illustrative anionic emulsifiers include, but are not limited to the alkali metal sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinate surfactants. Specific examples of the emulsifiers include, but are not limited to alkali metal sulforesorcinates; sulfonated glyceryl esters of fatty acids; salts of sulfonated monovalent alcohol esters; sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon alkali salts such as sodium alpha-naphthalene monosulfonate; sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cetostearyl sulfate, triethanol amine lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate; phosphates such as the potassium salts of cetyl phosphate; and, sulfosuccinates such as disodium lauryl sulfosuccinates. Preferably, the emulsifiers are nonionic type emulsifiers, more preferably those selected from PEG stearate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, glycerine fatty acid esters, polyether modified siloxane and combinations thereof.
In a preferable embodiment, formulation ii) comprises an aesthetic component imparting color and/or gloss; a caring component for caring lip, nail, skin such as face skin, neck skin, and eye skin, or hair such as eyelash, eyebrow and head-hair; or a combination thereof.
The aesthetic component may include, but are not limited to a coloring agent, and a gloss enhancing agent.
The coloring agent may be selected from dyes, pigments including pearlescent pigments, and a combination thereof.
Illustrative examples of dyes include, but are not limited to quinoline yellow, annatto, and bromate dyes such as bromate red dyes. Specific examples include, but are not limited to Red 28AL from FD&C.
The term “pigments” as used herein should be understood to include white or colored, mineral and/or organic particles intended to provide a coloring and/or opacifying effect. Illustrative pigments include, but are not limited to, optionally surface-treated titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide (black, yellow, brown or red), chromium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate, ferric blue, carbon black, pigments of the type such as barium, strontium, calcium or aluminum organic lakes.
The pearlescent pigments may be selected from white pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with titanium dioxide or with bismuth oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as mica coated with iron oxides such as Pigment Blue 27.
The coloring agent may be present in formulation ii) in an amount of about 0.001% to 60%, preferably 0.01% to 50%, and more preferably 0.1% to 40% of the total weight of the formulation.
The gloss enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of agents having a high refractive index. Agents having a high refractive index refer to compounds having a refractive index ranging from about 1.45 to about 1.60. Illustrative examples of such agents include, but are not limited to, phenylated silicones such as phenyl trimethicone and trimethyl pentaphenyl trisiloxane; esters such as polypropylene glycol dibenzoate, aminopropyl phenyl trimethicone, pentaerythrityl tetraoleate, and PPG-3 benzyl ether myristate, and polycyclopentadiene.
The gloss enhancing agents may be present in formulation ii) in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight, preferably from 0.1 % to 10% by weight, and more preferably from 1 % to 5% by weight of the total weight of the formulation.
The caring component in formulation ii) may be selected from the group consisting of humectants and emollients listed above for formulation i), especially polyols such as sorbitol, glycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-butane diol, hexylene glycol, isoprene glycol, xylitol, fructose, mineral oil, petrolatum, vegetable oils (such as soybean or maleated soybean oil), and a combination thereof.
The caring component may be present in formulation ii) in an amount of about 0.01 to about 45%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30%, more preferably from about 1 to about 20% by weight of the formulation.
Formulation ii) may further comprise one or more cosmetically acceptable ingredients. Illustrative examples of such cosmetic ingredients include, for example, moisturizers, fragrances, biocides, preservatives, antioxidants, anti-fungal agents, antiperspirant agents, exfoliants, hormones, enzymes, medicinal compounds, electrolytes, alcohols, absorbing agents for ultraviolet radiation, botanical extracts, surfactants, film formers, thickening agents such as fumed silica or hydrated silica, particulate fillers, for example, talc, kaolin, starch, modified starch, mica, nylon, and clays such as bentonite and organo-modified clays, free radical scavengers, vitamins and anti-oxidants; anti-wrinkle or skin-tightening agents; anti-aging agents; skin-whitening or depigmentation agents; anti-inflammatory agents; anti-acne agents; stretch-mark/scar removing agents; dark circle reduction agents.
In one preferable embodiment of the present invention, formulation i) is an O/W emulsion type formulation and formulation ii) is an emulsified or non-emulsified oil-based formulation. Preferably, formulation i) comprises a humectant selected from the group consisting of polyols, amino acids, saccharides, lactic acid and salt thereof, hyaluronic acid and salt thereof, pyrolidonecarboxylacid, ceramide, and combination thereof, and formulation ii) comprises the aesthetic component imparting color and/or gloss. According to such an embodiment, formulation i) can provide sufficient daily care for the application site of a person; and formulation ii) provides a shining or glaring appearance to the application site of the person. In addition, mixing formulation i) with formulation ii) provides formulation iii) providing a different appearance or texture to the application site of the person, especially a matted appearance and thickened texture. Besides, the matted appearance and thickened texture can be varied with the mixing ratio of formulation i) with formulation ii). Thus, the end-users of the cosmetic product of the present invention can select a specific appearance or texture for a specific scene while the application site can also be sufficiently moistened by using formulation i). The application site expressed herein includes, but are not limited to lip, nail, skin such as face skin, neck skin, and eye skin, or hair such as eyelash, eyebrow and head-hair.
Formulation ii) may be selected from a lipstick, a lip gloss, a lip balm, a lip glaze, a nail coloring preparation, a nail polishing preparation, a foundation, a concealer, a blemish balm, a sunscreen, a tanning preparation, a blush, a soft focus preparation, an eye liner, an eye shadow, a mascara, or a head-hair coloring or dying preparation.
In an illustrative embodiment, the cosmetic product comprises a first container containing formulation i) and a second container containing formulation ii), and optionally an empty container. In a preferable embodiment, the cosmetic product further comprises a distributing device for taking out formulation i) from the first container and formulation ii) from the second container, respectively; and optionally for delivering the taken out formulations into the empty container.
Thus, in another aspect, the present invention relates to a making-up method using the cosmetic product of the present invention, comprising:
In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to use of the O/W emulsion of the crosslinked silicone or a O/W emulsion type formulation i) in changing the texture or appearance, especially gloss and/or color provided by a lipstick, a lip gloss, a lip balm, a lip glaze, a nail coloring preparation, a nail polishing preparation, a foundation, a concealer, a blemish balm, a sunscreen, a tanning preparation, a blush, a soft focus preparation, an eye liner, an eye shadow, a mascara, or a head-hair coloring or dying preparation.
The present invention will be more specifically explained with reference to Examples, but these Examples shall not be construed as to limit the scope of the present invention. In the descriptions below, moreover, “part(s)” denotes “part(s) by weight” unless otherwise stated. The viscosity is measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield).
A mixture was formed by mixing: 40 parts by weight of vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane (MVD560DV36MV) having a viscosity of about 5 Pa.s at 25° C., 5 parts by weight of bis-hydrogen dimethicone (MHD20MH) having a viscosity of about 0.02 Pa.s at 25° C., 20 parts by weight of hemisqualane (APRINNOVA), 10 parts by weight of PEG 9 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials, formula (II-1) where R1, R2, R3, R10, R11 and R12 are methyl, d is 60 on average, e is 4 on average, and R13 is—C3H6—O—(C2H4O)9—CH3), and 2 parts by weight of steareth 21 (Croda). Then, the mixture was charged with 10 parts by weight of initial water and 0.2 parts by weight of sodium surfactin (Kaneka Corporation) with vigorous stirring to get a stable emulsion. Deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. The emulsion was then heated to 60° C. and adjusted to pH 4, followed by the addition of 0.05 parts by weight ammonium persulfate to commence free radical polymerization of the vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane and its hydrosilylation with the bis-hydrogen dimethicone. After 4 hours, no SiH was found in the resulting stable O/W emulsion as determined by the fermentation tube method described in Luo et al., “Silicone Resin and its Application”, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, pp. 227-228 (2002). The emulsion was adjusted to pH 7 with triethanolamine and 0.8 parts by weight of phenoxyethanol was added thereto as a preservative. The O/W emulsion thus prepared was stable and had a viscosity of 4600 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
Then, the prepared O/W emulsion was mixed with hemisqualane as an oil in a weight ratio of 3:7 at room temperature. The state of the emulsion before and after mixing with the oil is shown in
A mixture was formed by mixing at 50° C.: 50 parts by weight of vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane (MVD200MV) having a viscosity of about 2 Pa.s at 25° C., 10 parts by weight of a silicone resin with hydrogen group (MH8Q4), 5 parts by weight of cetearyl methicone (Momentive Performance Materials), 3 parts by weight of PEG 8 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials, formula (II-2) where R4, R5, R10 and R11 are methyl, d is 40 on average, b is 2 on average, e is 0, and R6 is—C3H6—O—(C2H4O)8—CH3), 8 parts by weight of said PEG 9 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials), 2 parts by weight of C30-45 alkyl dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials) and 80 parts by weight of dimethicone having a viscosity of about 0.01 Pa.s at 25° C. (Momentive Performance Materials). Then, the mixture was charged with an admixture of 1.5 parts by weight of sodium cetostearyl sulfate, 6 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, 8 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene monostearate and 20 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring to provide a stable emulsion. Deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. The emulsion was adjusted to a temperature of 40° C. and a pH of 4, followed by the addition thereto of 0.1 parts by weight each of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid to commence free radical polymerization of the vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane and its hydrosilylation with the hydrogen group in MH8Q4. After 4 hours, no SiH was found in the emulsion as determined by the fermentation tube method. Following adjustment of the pH to 5.5 with citric acid, the emulsion was added with 0.5 parts by weight of sodium benzoate as a preservative. The O/W emulsion thus prepared was stable and had a viscosity of 4800 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
A mixture was formed by mixing at 80° C.: 100 parts by weight of silicone resin with vinyl group (MV8Q4) having a viscosity of about 0.5 Pa.s at 25° C., 15 parts by weight of said PEG 9 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials), 2 parts by weight of PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials, formula (II-1) where R1, R2, R3, R10, R11 and R12 are methyl, d is 80 on average, e is 15 on average, and R13 is—C3H6—O—(C2H4O)20(C3H6O)15—CH3), 10 parts by weight of methylhydrogenpolysiloxane (MHD200MH) having a viscosity of about 0.2 Pa.s at 25° C., 40 parts by weight of isopropyl myristate and 0.5 part of lauroyl peroxide. Then, the mixture was charged with an admixture of 4 parts by weight of steareth 2/21 (Croda), 4 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene monostearate and 20 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring to provide a stable emulsion. Deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. Then, the emulsion was adjusted to a temperature of 80° C. to commence free radical polymerization and free radical hydrosilylation. After 4 hours, unreacted SiH in the emulsion was found to be less than 0.1 cc/g when measured by the fermentation tube method. Following adjustment of the pH to 6.5 with triethanolamine, 0.8 parts by weight of phenoxyethanol was added to the emulsion as a preservative. The O/W emulsion thus prepared was stable and had a viscosity of 3200 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
A mixture was formed by mixing 40 parts by weight of vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane (MVD560DV36MV) having a viscosity of about 5 Pa.s at 25° C., 20 parts by weight of hemisqualane (APRINNOVA), 10 parts by weight of said PEG 9 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials), and 2 parts by weight of steareth 21 (Croda). Then, the mixture was charged with 10 parts by weight of initial water and 0.2 parts by weight of sodium surfactin (Kaneka Corporation) with vigorous stirring to provide a stable emulsion. Deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. Then, the emulsion was adjusted to a temperature of 80° C. to commence free radical polymerization which was completed in 4 hours. Then, the emulsion was added with 0.8 parts by weight of phenoxyethanol as a preservative and 0.2 parts by weight of guar gum as a thickener. The O/W emulsion thus prepared was stable and had a viscosity of 4000 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
Then, the prepared O/W emulsion was mixed with Silsoft 034 (Momentive Performance Materials) as an oil in a ratio of 1:1.2 at room temperature. The micrographs of the emulsion before and after mixing with the oil are shown in
The D4 (octamethycyclotetrasiloxane), D5 (decamethycyclopentasiloxane) and D6 (dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane) contents of the O/W emulsions of Examples 1-4 were measured by conventional gas chromatography (GC). The results of the measurements are set forth below in Table 1. In general, it is advantageous to provide an O/W emulsion in which the total content of D4, D5 and D6 is controlled to less than 1,000 ppm, especially for cosmetic products.
A mixture was formed by mixing: 40 parts by weight of vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane (MVD560DV36MV) having a viscosity of about 5 Pa.s at 25° C., 20 parts by weight of hemisqualane (APRINNOVA), 10 parts by weight of PEG 9 dimethicone (Momentive Performance Materials), 2 parts by weight of steareth 21 (Croda). Then, the mixture was charged with 10 parts by weight of initial water and 0.2 parts by weight of sodium surfactin (Kaneka Corporation) with vigorous stirring to provide a stable emulsion. Followed by adding 0.1 parts by weight of 0.33 wt% H2PtCl6 in ethanol, deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. Then, the emulsion was adjusted to a temperature of 80° C. to commence polymerization. After 4 hours, the emulsion was added with 0.8 parts by weight of phenoxyethanol as a preservative and 0.2 parts by weight of guar gum as a thickener. The O/W emulsion thus prepared had a viscosity of 4200 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
The emulsions from Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 were demulsified respectively with isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The photographs showing the demulsified result were illustrated in
A mixture was formed by mixing at 80° C.: 100 parts by weight of vinyl group-containing dimethylpolysiloxane (MVD560DV36MV) having a viscosity of about 5 Pa.s at 25° C., 10 parts by weight of methylhydrogenpolysiloxane (MHD200MH) having a viscosity of about 0.2 Pa.s at 25° C. and 40 parts by weight of isopropyl myristate and 0.5 part by weight of lauroyl peroxide. Then, the mixture was charged with an admixture of 4 parts by weight of steareth 2/21 (Croda), 4 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene monostearate and 20 parts by weight of deionized water with vigorous stirring to provide a stable emulsion. Deionized water was further added to give a non-volatile content of 50 percent by weight. Then, the emulsion was adjusted to a temperature of 80° C. to commence free radical polymerization and free radical hydrosilylation. After 4 hours, unreacted SiH in the emulsion was found to be 0.1 cc/g when measured by the fermentation tube method. Following adjustment of the pH to 7, 0.8 parts by weight of phenoxyethanol was added to the emulsion as a preservative. The O/W emulsion thus prepared had a viscosity of 4500 cps as measured by LVDV-II+ viscometer (Brookfield) using S64 rotator at 60 rpm.
The emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 2 was mixed with hemisqualane as an oil in a ratio of 1:1. However, the emulsion could not invert phase after mixing with the oil. As shown in
The emulsion prepared in Comparative Example 2 in an amount of 30 g was mixed with 5 g PEG-10 dimethicone, and the resultant changed to a thick paste. Then, 50 g deionized water was added into the resultant under stirring, and the thick paste became thin with many little chips on the surface indicative of a bad water dilution, as shown in
The results of Comparative Example 2 in comparison with Examples 1-4 show the function of the polyether modified polysiloxane for phase inversion. If the polyether modified polysiloxane is not used during the emulsion polymerization, the prepared O/W emulsion cannot be inverted to a W/O emulsion by mixing with an oil. If the polyether silicone is introduced after the emulsion polymerization, instead of being present in the emulsion polymerization, the resultant emulsion will turn to a thick paste, and has poor compatibility with water. The result showed that the O/W emulsion of the present invention is not a simply physical mixture of the polyether modified polysiloxane.
Examples 5-15 illustrate various cosmetic products formulated with the O/W emulsion prepared in Example 1 to 4. Examples 5 to 11 illustrate cosmetic products comprising one formulation, and Examples 12 to 15 illustrate cosmetic products comprising two formulations.
Aloe barbadensis extract
Procedure:
1. Blending Part A components.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. Slowly charging Part B directly into Part A with stirring.
4. High speed stirring for 3~5 mins.
Aloe barbadensis extract
Procedure:
1. Blending Part A components.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. Pre-mixing Part C components.
4. Slowly charging Part B directly into Part A with stirring, and then high-speed stirring the mixture for 3~5 mins.
5. Blending the A/B mixture and pre-mixed Part C.
Procedure:
1. Mixing all the components of Part A and heating to 80° C.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. After cooling down to 65° C., adding Part A into Part B under stirring.
Procedure:
1. Mixing all the components of Part A and heating to 80° C.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. After cooling down to 65° C., adding Part A into Part B under stirring.
Procedure:
1. Mixing all the components of Part A, and heating Part A to about 80° C.
2. Dissolving Part B components in water, and heating Part B to about 80° C.
3. Adding Part A into Part B with stirring, and homogenizing for several minutes.
4. Adding Part C into Part A/B with stirring.
5. Adding Part D into Part A/B/C with stirring.
Procedure:
1. Charging Part C into Part B with stirring.
2. Mixing Part A components.
3. Adding Part A into Part B/C mixture.
Procedure:
1. Mixing Part A components.
2. Mixing Part B components.
3. Slowly charging Part B directly into Part A with stirring.
4. High speed stirring for 3-5 min.
The lip gloss was further tested for moisture retention capability using CM825 corneometer (Courage + Khazaka). The test was carried out at a temperature of 26.8° C. and an air humidity of 38.4%. 40 mg sample was weighted and applied in a circle with 3 cm diameter on the forearm. Then, the skin moisture value was measured by CM825 corneometer with the testing area being 49 mm2.
The result was shown in
Procedure:
1. Mixing Part A components.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. Slowly charging Part B directly into Part A with stirring.
4. High speed stirring for 3-5 min.
Formulations i) and ii) could be used separately or in combination after mixing them uniformly. When used in combination, formulation i) could change the appearance and texture of formulation ii).
The O/W emulsion prepared in Example 1 was used as formulation i) in Example 13. In addition, Example 1 of US 10512602B2 was repeated to prepare a silicone gel emulsion which was used as comparative formulation i) in this Example.
Formulation ii) was as follows:
Procedure:
1. Mixing Part A components.
2. Pre-mixing Part B components.
3. Slowly charging Part B directly into Part A with stirring.
4. High speed stirring for 3-5 min.
Formulation i) and comparative formulation i) were mixed with formulation ii) in a volume ratio of 1:10, respectively.
The O/W emulsion prepared in Example 1 was used as formulation i).
Formulation ii) was as follows:
Procedure:
1. Mix all the components of pigment A.
2. Mix all the components of pigment B.
3. Mix BENTONE gel, Silshine 150 fluid, SS4230 fluid, Silsoft CDC fluid and “Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 Dimethicone” well, and then charge SF1642 wax, heat to 80° C.
4. Charge pigment A and pigment B in above mixture and mix well, and then cool down to 45° C. before package into the bi-tube container as shown in
Ten drops of formulation ii) were pressed out from the container onto a piece of forearm skin and then spread with a finger.
Onto another piece of forearm skin, ten drops of formulation ii) immediately followed by one drop of formulation i) were pressed out from the container, and were mixed and spread on the skin with finger.
Procedure:
1. Mix all the components of pigment A.
2. Mix all the components of pigment B.
3. Mix BENTONE GEL MIO V, Silsoft CDC fluid, SS4230 fluid, avocado oil and “Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 Dimethicone” well.
4. Charge pigment A and pigment B in above mixture and mix well before package into the bi-tube container as shown in
Eight drops of formulation ii) were pressed out from the container onto a piece of forearm skin and then spread with a finger.
Onto another piece of forearm skin, one drop of formulation i) immediately followed by eight drops of formulation ii) were pressed out from the container, and were mixed and spread on the skin with finger.
Each of the formulations obtained from Examples 5-15, including separate formulations i) and ii) prepared in Examples 12-15, was tested for stability at 50° C. oven for 1 week. All of the formulations remained unchanged.
While the disclosure has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202011458347.2 | Dec 2020 | CN | national |
This application claims priority to a PCT application No. PCT/CN2020/088932 filed on May 7, 2020 and a CN Application No. 202011458347.2 filed on Dec. 11, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2021/090950 | 4/29/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2020/088932 | May 2020 | WO |
| Child | PCT/CN2021/090950 | WO |
