Counterpart Media Items

Abstract

An example method includes maintaining a playlist of media items for playback by one or more playback devices and, for a given media item in the playlist, maintaining, as part of the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item. The method includes receiving, from a playback device over a communication network, (i) a request to play back the playlist of media items and (ii) operational data about the playback device. The method also includes, based on the received operational data about the playback device, selecting one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and transmitting the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

Description

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other elements directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were limited until in 2002, when SONOS, Inc. began development of a new type of playback system. Sonos then filed one of its first patent applications in 2003, entitled “Method for Synchronizing Audio Playback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering its first media playback systems for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless Home Sound System enables people to experience music from many sources via one or more networked playback devices. Through a software control application installed on a controller (e.g., smartphone, tablet, computer, voice input device), one can play what she wants in any room having a networked playback device. Media content (e.g., songs, podcasts, video sound) can be streamed to playback devices such that each room with a playback device can play back corresponding different media content. In addition, rooms can be grouped together for synchronous playback of the same media content, and/or the same media content can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology may be better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, as listed below. A person skilled in the relevant art will understand that the features shown in the drawings are for purposes of illustrations, and variations, including different and/or additional features and arrangements thereof, are possible.

FIG. 1A is a partial cutaway view of an environment having a media playback system configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the media playback system of FIG. 1A and one or more networks.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram of a playback device.

FIG. 1D is a block diagram of a playback device.

FIG. 1E is a block diagram of a network microphone device.

FIG. 1F is a block diagram of a network microphone device.

FIG. 1G is a block diagram of a playback device.

FIG. 1H is a partially schematic diagram of a control device.

FIGS. 1-I through 1L are schematic diagrams of corresponding media playback system zones.

FIG. 1M is a schematic diagram of media playback system areas.

FIG. 2A is a front isometric view of a playback device configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 2B is a front isometric view of the playback device of FIG. 3A without a grille.

FIG. 2C is an exploded view of the playback device of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3A is a front view of a network microphone device configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 3B is a side isometric view of the network microphone device of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the network microphone device of FIGS. 3A and 3B.

FIG. 3D is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3B.

FIG. 3E is a block diagram of the network microphone device of FIGS. 3A-3D

FIG. 3F is a schematic diagram of an example voice input.

FIGS. 4A-4D are schematic diagrams of a control device in various stages of operation in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 5 is front view of a control device.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a computing system for providing internet radio content.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a playback device playing back a playlist of media items including counterpart media items.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an example method for maintaining and providing counterpart media items as part of a playlist.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an example method for receiving and playing back counterpart media items as part of a playlist.

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the technology disclosed herein is not limited to the arrangements and/or instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

I. Overview

Embodiments described herein relate to a playlist of media items, such as an internet radio program, that includes a set of counterpart media items for a given media item in the playlist. Based on operational data about a given playback device that requests the playlist, or a media playback system in which the given playback device is operating, one of the one or more counterpart media items may be designated for playback, which may allow for an improved user experience.

Traditionally, both terrestrial radio broadcasts and internet radio stations have followed a fixed programming schedule that generally cannot be modified by a listener. For example, based on music licensing regimes in various jurisdictions, transport controls (e.g., pause, skip, etc.) are generally unavailable when listening to such an internet radio stream. Accordingly, where users do not have the ability to directly control playback, it can be challenging for a curator of one or more internet radio station to develop a fixed programming schedule that is enjoyable for a wide range of listeners.

For example, within the playlist of a given internet radio station, a given media item might have several alternative versions. These may include one or more of studio-recorded version(s), live version(s), explicit and non-explicit version(s), cover version(s), and remastered and/or remixed version(s), among numerous other possibilities. Further, some listeners may prefer to hear one version of the media item over the others. For instance, some listeners may prefer to hear non-explicit versions of media items in a given playlist, while other users might not. Further, some listeners may have a preference for live versions of certain media items, while other listeners may prefer the studio versions. Numerous other possibilities exist.

Further, a fixed programming schedule for a given internet radio station generally has no way of accounting for the possibility that a listener may have recently heard a given media item on a different internet radio station (or elsewhere), and thus hearing it again as part of the fixed programming schedule would be repetitious.

Accordingly, discussed herein is a new approach for providing a fixed programming schedule that includes a playlist of media items that can nonetheless be adjusted in a variety of ways based on certain operational data.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the disclosed technology may take the form of a method that involves (i) maintaining a playlist of media items for playback by one or more playback devices; (ii) for a given media item in the playlist, maintaining, as part of the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item; (iii) receiving, from a playback device over a communication network, (a) a request to play back the playlist of media items and (b) operational data about the playback device; and (iv) based on the received operational data about the playback device, selecting one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and transmitting the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

In another aspect, the disclosed technology may take the form of a computing system comprising at least one processor, a non-transitory computer-readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable by the at least one processor such that the computing system is configured to carry out the functions of the aforementioned method.

In yet another aspect, the disclosed technology may take the form of a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable to cause a computing system to carry out the functions of the aforementioned method.

While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed by given actors such as “users,” “listeners,” and/or other entities, it should be understood that this is for purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpreted to require action by any such example actor unless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves.

In the Figures, identical reference numbers identify generally similar, and/or identical, elements. To facilitate the discussion of any particular element, the most significant digit or digits of a reference number refers to the Figure in which that element is first introduced. For example, element 110a is first introduced and discussed with reference to FIG. 1A. Many of the details, dimensions, angles, and other features shown in the Figures are merely illustrative of particular embodiments of the disclosed technology. Accordingly, other embodiments can have other details, dimensions, angles, and features without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that further embodiments of the various disclosed technologies can be practiced without several of the details described below.

II. Suitable Operating Environment

FIG. 1A is a partial cutaway view of a media playback system 100 distributed in an environment 101 (e.g., a house). The media playback system 100 comprises one or more playback devices 110 (identified individually as playback devices 110a-n), one or more network microphone devices (“NMDs”), 120 (identified individually as NMDs 120a-c), and one or more control devices 130 (identified individually as control devices 130a and 130b).

As used herein the term “playback device” can generally refer to a network device configured to receive, process, and output data of a media playback system. For example, a playback device can be a network device that receives and processes audio content. In some embodiments, a playback device includes one or more transducers or speakers powered by one or more amplifiers. In other embodiments, however, a playback device includes one of (or neither of) the speaker and the amplifier. For instance, a playback device can comprise one or more amplifiers configured to drive one or more speakers external to the playback device via a corresponding wire or cable.

Moreover, as used herein the term NMD (i.e., a “network microphone device”) can generally refer to a network device that is configured for audio detection. In some embodiments, an NMD is a stand-alone device configured primarily for audio detection. In other embodiments, an NMD is incorporated into a playback device (or vice versa).

The term “control device” can generally refer to a network device configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and/or configuration of the media playback system 100.

Each of the playback devices 110 is configured to receive audio signals or data from one or more media sources (e.g., one or more remote servers, one or more local devices) and play back the received audio signals or data as sound. The one or more NMDs 120 are configured to receive spoken word commands, and the one or more control devices 130 are configured to receive user input. In response to the received spoken word commands and/or user input, the media playback system 100 can play back audio via one or more of the playback devices 110. In certain embodiments, the playback devices 110 are configured to commence playback of media content in response to a trigger. For instance, one or more of the playback devices 110 can be configured to play back a morning playlist upon detection of an associated trigger condition (e.g., presence of a user in a kitchen, detection of a coffee machine operation). In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 is configured to play back audio from a first playback device (e.g., the playback device 100a) in synchrony with a second playback device (e.g., the playback device 100b). Interactions between the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130 of the media playback system 100 configured in accordance with the various embodiments of the disclosure are described in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 1B-8.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1A, the environment 101 comprises a household having several rooms, spaces, and/or playback zones, including (clockwise from upper left) a master bathroom 101a, a master bedroom 101b, a second bedroom 101c, a family room or den 101d, an office 101e, a living room 101f, a dining room 101g, a kitchen 101h, and an outdoor patio 101i. While certain embodiments and examples are described below in the context of a home environment, the technologies described herein may be implemented in other types of environments. In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 can be implemented in one or more commercial settings (e.g., a restaurant, mall, airport, hotel, a retail or other store), one or more vehicles (e.g., a sports utility vehicle, bus, car, a ship, a boat, an airplane), multiple environments (e.g., a combination of home and vehicle environments), and/or another suitable environment where multi-zone audio may be desirable.

The media playback system 100 can comprise one or more playback zones, some of which may correspond to the rooms in the environment 101. The media playback system 100 can be established with one or more playback zones, after which additional zones may be added, or removed to form, for example, the configuration shown in FIG. 1A. Each zone may be given a name according to a different room or space such as the office 101e, master bathroom 101a, master bedroom 101b, the second bedroom 101c, kitchen 101h, dining room 101g, living room 101f, and/or the balcony 101i. In some aspects, a single playback zone may include multiple rooms or spaces. In certain aspects, a single room or space may include multiple playback zones.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1A, the master bathroom 101a, the second bedroom 101c, the office 101e, the living room 101f, the dining room 101g, the kitchen 101h, and the outdoor patio 101i each include one playback device 110, and the master bedroom 101b and the den 101d include a plurality of playback devices 110. In the master bedroom 101b, the playback devices 110l and 110m may be configured, for example, to play back audio content in synchrony as individual ones of playback devices 110, as a bonded playback zone, as a consolidated playback device, and/or any combination thereof. Similarly, in the den 101d, the playback devices 110h-j can be configured, for instance, to play back audio content in synchrony as individual ones of playback devices 110, as one or more bonded playback devices, and/or as one or more consolidated playback devices. Additional details regarding bonded and consolidated playback devices are described below with respect to FIGS. 1B, 1E, and 1I-1M.

In some aspects, one or more of the playback zones in the environment 101 may each be playing different audio content. For instance, a user may be grilling on the patio 101i and listening to hip hop music being played by the playback device 110c while another user is preparing food in the kitchen 101h and listening to classical music played by the playback device 110b. In another example, a playback zone may play the same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. For instance, the user may be in the office 101e listening to the playback device 110f playing back the same hip hop music being played back by playback device 110c on the patio 101i. In some aspects, the playback devices 110c and 110f play back the hip hop music in synchrony such that the user perceives that the audio content is being played seamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) while moving between different playback zones. Additional details regarding audio playback synchronization among playback devices and/or zones can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizing operations among a plurality of independently clocked digital data processing devices,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

a. Suitable Media Playback System

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the media playback system 100 and a cloud network 102. For ease of illustration, certain devices of the media playback system 100 and the cloud network 102 are omitted from FIG. 1B. One or more communication links 103 (referred to hereinafter as “the links 103”) communicatively couple the media playback system 100 and the cloud network 102.

The links 103 can comprise, for example, one or more wired networks, one or more wireless networks, one or more wide area networks (WAN), one or more local area networks (LAN), one or more personal area networks (PAN), one or more telecommunication networks (e.g., one or more Global System for Mobiles (GSM) networks, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, 5G communication network networks, and/or other suitable data transmission protocol networks), etc. The cloud network 102 is configured to deliver media content (e.g., audio content, video content, photographs, social media content) to the media playback system 100 in response to a request transmitted from the media playback system 100 via the links 103. In some embodiments, the cloud network 102 is further configured to receive data (e.g. voice input data) from the media playback system 100 and correspondingly transmit commands and/or media content to the media playback system 100.

The cloud network 102 comprises computing devices 106 (identified separately as a first computing device 106a, a second computing device 106b, and a third computing device 106c). The computing devices 106 can comprise individual computers or servers, such as, for example, a media streaming service server storing audio and/or other media content, a voice service server, a social media server, a media playback system control server, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the computing devices 106 comprise modules of a single computer or server. In certain embodiments, one or more of the computing devices 106 comprise one or more modules, computers, and/or servers. Moreover, while the cloud network 102 is described above in the context of a single cloud network, in some embodiments the cloud network 102 comprises a plurality of cloud networks comprising communicatively coupled computing devices. Furthermore, while the cloud network 102 is shown in FIG. 1B as having three of the computing devices 106, in some embodiments, the cloud network 102 comprises fewer (or more than) three computing devices 106.

The media playback system 100 is configured to receive media content from the networks 102 via the links 103. The received media content can comprise, for example, a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and/or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). For instance, in some examples, the media playback system 100 can stream, download, or otherwise obtain data from a URI or a URL corresponding to the received media content. A network 104 communicatively couples the links 103 and at least a portion of the devices (e.g., one or more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130) of the media playback system 100. The network 104 can include, for example, a wireless network (e.g., a WiFi network, a Bluetooth, a Z-Wave network, a ZigBee, and/or other suitable wireless communication protocol network) and/or a wired network (e.g., a network comprising Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus (USB), and/or another suitable wired communication). As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, as used herein, “WiFi” can refer to several different communication protocols including, for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ac, 802.11ad, 802.11af, 802.11ah, 802.11ai, 802.11aj, 802.11aq, 802.11ax, 802.11ay, 802.15, etc. transmitted at 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, and/or another suitable frequency.

In some embodiments, the network 104 comprises a dedicated communication network that the media playback system 100 uses to transmit messages between individual devices and/or to transmit media content to and from media content sources (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106). In certain embodiments, the network 104 is configured to be accessible only to devices in the media playback system 100, thereby reducing interference and competition with other household devices. In other embodiments, however, the network 104 comprises an existing household communication network (e.g., a household WiFi network). In some embodiments, the links 103 and the network 104 comprise one or more of the same networks. In some aspects, for example, the links 103 and the network 104 comprise a telecommunication network (e.g., an LTE network, a 5G network). Moreover, in some embodiments, the media playback system 100 is implemented without the network 104, and devices comprising the media playback system 100 can communicate with each other, for example, via one or more direct connections, PANs, telecommunication networks, and/or other suitable communication links.

In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added or removed from the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, for example, the media playback system 100 performs an indexing of media items when one or more media content sources are updated, added to, and/or removed from the media playback system 100. The media playback system 100 can scan identifiable media items in some or all folders and/or directories accessible to the playback devices 110, and generate or update a media content database comprising metadata (e.g., title, artist, album, track length) and other associated information (e.g., URIs, URLs) for each identifiable media item found. In some embodiments, for example, the media content database is stored on one or more of the playback devices 110, network microphone devices 120, and/or control devices 130.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, the playback devices 110l and 110m comprise a group 107a. The playback devices 110l and 110m can be positioned in different rooms in a household and be grouped together in the group 107a on a temporary or permanent basis based on user input received at the control device 130a and/or another control device 130 in the media playback system 100. When arranged in the group 107a, the playback devices 110l and 110m can be configured to play back the same or similar audio content in synchrony from one or more audio content sources. In certain embodiments, for example, the group 107a comprises a bonded zone in which the playback devices 110l and 110m comprise left audio and right audio channels, respectively, of multi-channel audio content, thereby producing or enhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. In some embodiments, the group 107a includes additional playback devices 110. In other embodiments, however, the media playback system 100 omits the group 107a and/or other grouped arrangements of the playback devices 110. Additional details regarding groups and other arrangements of playback devices are described in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 1I through 1M.

The media playback system 100 includes the NMDs 120a and 120d, each comprising one or more microphones configured to receive voice utterances from a user. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1B, the NMD 120a is a standalone device and the NMD 120d is integrated into the playback device 110n. The NMD 120a, for example, is configured to receive voice input 121 from a user 123. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a transmits data associated with the received voice input 121 to a voice assistant service (VAS) configured to (i) process the received voice input data and (ii) transmit a corresponding command to the media playback system 100. In some aspects, for example, the computing device 106c comprises one or more modules and/or servers of a VAS (e.g., a VAS operated by one or more of SONOS®, AMAZON®, GOOGLE® APPLE®, MICROSOFT®). The computing device 106c can receive the voice input data from the NMD 120a via the network 104 and the links 103. In response to receiving the voice input data, the computing device 106c processes the voice input data (i.e., “Play Hey Jude by The Beatles”), and determines that the processed voice input includes a command to play a song (e.g., “Hey Jude”). The computing device 106c accordingly transmits commands to the media playback system 100 to play back “Hey Jude” by the Beatles from a suitable media service (e.g., via one or more of the computing devices 106) on one or more of the playback devices 110.

b. Suitable Playback Devices

FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the playback device 110a comprising an input/output 111. The input/output 111 can include an analog I/O 111a (e.g., one or more wires, cables, and/or other suitable communication links configured to carry analog signals) and/or a digital I/O 111b (e.g., one or more wires, cables, or other suitable communication links configured to carry digital signals). In some embodiments, the analog I/O 111a is an audio line-in input connection comprising, for example, an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection. In some embodiments, the digital I/O 111b comprises a Sony/Philips Digital Interface Format (S/PDIF) communication interface and/or cable and/or a Toshiba Link (TOSLINK) cable. In some embodiments, the digital I/O 111b comprises an High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) interface and/or cable. In some embodiments, the digital I/O 111b includes one or more wireless communication links comprising, for example, a radio frequency (RF), infrared, WiFi, Bluetooth, or another suitable communication protocol. In certain embodiments, the analog I/O 111a and the digital 111b comprise interfaces (e.g., ports, plugs, jacks) configured to receive connectors of cables transmitting analog and digital signals, respectively, without necessarily including cables.

The playback device 110a, for example, can receive media content (e.g., audio content comprising music and/or other sounds) from a local audio source 105 via the input/output 111 (e.g., a cable, a wire, a PAN, a Bluetooth connection, an ad hoc wired or wireless communication network, and/or another suitable communication link). The local audio source 105 can comprise, for example, a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop computer) or another suitable audio component (e.g., a television, a desktop computer, an amplifier, a phonograph, a Blu-ray player, a memory storing digital media files). In some aspects, the local audio source 105 includes local music libraries on a smartphone, a computer, a networked-attached storage (NAS), and/or another suitable device configured to store media files. In certain embodiments, one or more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130 comprise the local audio source 105. In other embodiments, however, the media playback system omits the local audio source 105 altogether. In some embodiments, the playback device 110a does not include an input/output 111 and receives all audio content via the network 104.

The playback device 110a further comprises electronics 112, a user interface 113 (e.g., one or more buttons, knobs, dials, touch-sensitive surfaces, displays, touchscreens), and one or more transducers 114 (referred to hereinafter as “the transducers 114”). The electronics 112 is configured to receive audio from an audio source (e.g., the local audio source 105) via the input/output 111, one or more of the computing devices 106a-c via the network 104 (FIG. 1B)), amplify the received audio, and output the amplified audio for playback via one or more of the transducers 114. In some embodiments, the playback device 110a optionally includes one or more microphones 115 (e.g., a single microphone, a plurality of microphones, a microphone array) (hereinafter referred to as “the microphones 115”). In certain embodiments, for example, the playback device 110a having one or more of the optional microphones 115 can operate as an NMD configured to receive voice input from a user and correspondingly perform one or more operations based on the received voice input.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1C, the electronics 112 comprise one or more processors 112a (referred to hereinafter as “the processors 112a”), memory 112b, software components 112c, a network interface 112d, one or more audio processing components 112g (referred to hereinafter as “the audio components 112g”), one or more audio amplifiers 112h (referred to hereinafter as “the amplifiers 112h”), and power 112i (e.g., one or more power supplies, power cables, power receptacles, batteries, induction coils, Power-over Ethernet (POE) interfaces, and/or other suitable sources of electric power). In some embodiments, the electronics 112 optionally include one or more other components 112j (e.g., one or more sensors, video displays, touchscreens, battery charging bases).

The processors 112a can comprise clock-driven computing component(s) configured to process data, and the memory 112b can comprise a computer-readable medium (e.g., a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium, data storage loaded with one or more of the software components 112c) configured to store instructions for performing various operations and/or functions. The processors 112a are configured to execute the instructions stored on the memory 112b to perform one or more of the operations. The operations can include, for example, causing the playback device 110a to retrieve audio data from an audio source (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106a-c (FIG. 1B)), and/or another one of the playback devices 110. In some embodiments, the operations further include causing the playback device 110a to send audio data to another one of the playback devices 110a and/or another device (e.g., one of the NMDs 120). Certain embodiments include operations causing the playback device 110a to pair with another of the one or more playback devices 110 to enable a multi-channel audio environment (e.g., a stereo pair, a bonded zone).

The processors 112a can be further configured to perform operations causing the playback device 110a to synchronize playback of audio content with another of the one or more playback devices 110. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, during synchronous playback of audio content on a plurality of playback devices, a listener will preferably be unable to perceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content by the playback device 110a and the other one or more other playback devices 110. Additional details regarding audio playback synchronization among playback devices can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395, which was incorporated by reference above.

In some embodiments, the memory 112b is further configured to store data associated with the playback device 110a, such as one or more zones and/or zone groups of which the playback device 110a is a member, audio sources accessible to the playback device 110a, and/or a playback queue that the playback device 110a (and/or another of the one or more playback devices) can be associated with. The stored data can comprise one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe a state of the playback device 110a. The memory 112b can also include data associated with a state of one or more of the other devices (e.g., the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, control devices 130) of the media playback system 100. In some aspects, for example, the state data is shared during predetermined intervals of time (e.g., every 5 seconds, every 10 seconds, every 60 seconds) among at least a portion of the devices of the media playback system 100, so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the media playback system 100.

The network interface 112d is configured to facilitate a transmission of data between the playback device 110a and one or more other devices on a data network such as, for example, the links 103 and/or the network 104 (FIG. 1B). The network interface 112d is configured to transmit and receive data corresponding to media content (e.g., audio content, video content, text, photographs) and other signals (e.g., non-transitory signals) comprising digital packet data including an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address and/or an IP-based destination address. The network interface 112d can parse the digital packet data such that the electronics 112 properly receives and processes the data destined for the playback device 110a.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1C, the network interface 112d comprises one or more wireless interfaces 112e (referred to hereinafter as “the wireless interface 112e”). The wireless interface 112e (e.g., a suitable interface comprising one or more antennae) can be configured to wirelessly communicate with one or more other devices (e.g., one or more of the other playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or control devices 130) that are communicatively coupled to the network 104 (FIG. 1B) in accordance with a suitable wireless communication protocol (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE). In some embodiments, the network interface 112d optionally includes a wired interface 112f (e.g., an interface or receptacle configured to receive a network cable such as an Ethernet, a USB-A, USB-C, and/or Thunderbolt cable) configured to communicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordance with a suitable wired communication protocol. In certain embodiments, the network interface 112d includes the wired interface 112f and excludes the wireless interface 112e. In some embodiments, the electronics 112 excludes the network interface 112d altogether and transmits and receives media content and/or other data via another communication path (e.g., the input/output 111).

The audio components 112g are configured to process and/or filter data comprising media content received by the electronics 112 (e.g., via the input/output 111 and/or the network interface 112d) to produce output audio signals. In some embodiments, the audio processing components 112g comprise, for example, one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), audio preprocessing components, audio enhancement components, a digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other suitable audio processing components, modules, circuits, etc. In certain embodiments, one or more of the audio processing components 112g can comprise one or more subcomponents of the processors 112a. In some embodiments, the electronics 112 omits the audio processing components 112g. In some aspects, for example, the processors 112a execute instructions stored on the memory 112b to perform audio processing operations to produce the output audio signals.

The amplifiers 112h are configured to receive and amplify the audio output signals produced by the audio processing components 112g and/or the processors 112a. The amplifiers 112h can comprise electronic devices and/or components configured to amplify audio signals to levels sufficient for driving one or more of the transducers 114. In some embodiments, for example, the amplifiers 112h include one or more switching or class-D power amplifiers. In other embodiments, however, the amplifiers include one or more other types of power amplifiers (e.g., linear gain power amplifiers, class-A amplifiers, class-B amplifiers, class-AB amplifiers, class-C amplifiers, class-D amplifiers, class-E amplifiers, class-F amplifiers, class-G and/or class H amplifiers, and/or another suitable type of power amplifier). In certain embodiments, the amplifiers 112h comprise a suitable combination of two or more of the foregoing types of power amplifiers. Moreover, in some embodiments, individual ones of the amplifiers 112h correspond to individual ones of the transducers 114. In other embodiments, however, the electronics 112 includes a single one of the amplifiers 112h configured to output amplified audio signals to a plurality of the transducers 114. In some other embodiments, the electronics 112 omits the amplifiers 112h.

The transducers 114 (e.g., one or more speakers and/or speaker drivers) receive the amplified audio signals from the amplifier 112h and render or output the amplified audio signals as sound (e.g., audible sound waves having a frequency between about 20 Hertz (Hz) and 20 kilohertz (kHz)). In some embodiments, the transducers 114 can comprise a single transducer. In other embodiments, however, the transducers 114 comprise a plurality of audio transducers. In some embodiments, the transducers 114 comprise more than one type of transducer. For example, the transducers 114 can include one or more low frequency transducers (e.g., subwoofers, woofers), mid-range frequency transducers (e.g., mid-range transducers, mid-woofers), and one or more high frequency transducers (e.g., one or more tweeters). As used herein, “low frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies below about 500 Hz, “mid-range frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies between about 500 Hz and about 2 kHz, and “high frequency” can generally refer to audible frequencies above 2 kHz. In certain embodiments, however, one or more of the transducers 114 comprise transducers that do not adhere to the foregoing frequency ranges. For example, one of the transducers 114 may comprise a mid-woofer transducer configured to output sound at frequencies between about 200 Hz and about 5 kHz.

By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. presently offers (or has offered) for sale certain playback devices including, for example, a “SONOS ONE,” “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “PLAYBASE,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Other suitable playback devices may additionally or alternatively be used to implement the playback devices of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, one of ordinary skilled in the art will appreciate that a playback device is not limited to the examples described herein or to SONOS product offerings. In some embodiments, for example, one or more playback devices 110 comprises wired or wireless headphones (e.g., over-the-ear headphones, on-ear headphones, in-ear earphones). In other embodiments, one or more of the playback devices 110 comprise a docking station and/or an interface configured to interact with a docking station for personal mobile media playback devices. In certain embodiments, a playback device may be integral to another device or component such as a television, a lighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use. In some embodiments, a playback device omits a user interface and/or one or more transducers. For example, FIG. 1D is a block diagram of a playback device 110p comprising the input/output 111 and electronics 112 without the user interface 113 or transducers 114.

FIG. 1E is a block diagram of a bonded playback device 110q comprising the playback device 110a (FIG. 1C) sonically bonded with the playback device 110i (e.g., a subwoofer) (FIG. 1A). In the illustrated embodiment, the playback devices 110a and 110i are separate ones of the playback devices 110 housed in separate enclosures. In some embodiments, however, the bonded playback device 110q comprises a single enclosure housing both the playback devices 110a and 110i. The bonded playback device 110q can be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unbonded playback device (e.g., the playback device 110a of FIG. 1C) and/or paired or bonded playback devices (e.g., the playback devices 110l and 110m of FIG. 1B). In some embodiments, for example, the playback device 110a is full-range playback device configured to render low frequency, mid-range frequency, and high frequency audio content, and the playback device 110i is a subwoofer configured to render low frequency audio content. In some aspects, the playback device 110a, when bonded with the first playback device, is configured to render only the mid-range and high frequency components of a particular audio content, while the playback device 110i renders the low frequency component of the particular audio content. In some embodiments, the bonded playback device 110q includes additional playback devices and/or another bonded playback device. Additional playback device embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 2A-3D.

c. Suitable Network Microphone Devices (NMDs)

FIG. 1F is a block diagram of the NMD 120a (FIGS. 1A and 1B). The NMD 120a includes one or more voice processing components 124 (hereinafter “the voice components 124”) and several components described with respect to the playback device 110a (FIG. 1C) including the processors 112a, the memory 112b, and the microphones 115. The NMD 120a optionally comprises other components also included in the playback device 110a (FIG. 1C), such as the user interface 113 and/or the transducers 114. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a is configured as a media playback device (e.g., one or more of the playback devices 110), and further includes, for example, one or more of the audio components 112g (FIG. 1C), the amplifiers 114, and/or other playback device components. In certain embodiments, the NMD 120a comprises an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as, for example, a thermostat, alarm panel, fire and/or smoke detector, etc. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a comprises the microphones 115, the voice processing 124, and only a portion of the components of the electronics 112 described above with respect to FIG. 1B. In some aspects, for example, the NMD 120a includes the processor 112a and the memory 112b (FIG. 1B), while omitting one or more other components of the electronics 112. In some embodiments, the NMD 120a includes additional components (e.g., one or more sensors, cameras, thermometers, barometers, hygrometers).

In some embodiments, an NMD can be integrated into a playback device. FIG. 1G is a block diagram of a playback device 110r comprising an NMD 120d. The playback device 110r can comprise many or all of the components of the playback device 110a and further include the microphones 115 and voice processing 124 (FIG. 1F). The playback device 110r optionally includes an integrated control device 130c. The control device 130c can comprise, for example, a user interface (e.g., the user interface 113 of FIG. 1B) configured to receive user input (e.g., touch input, voice input) without a separate control device. In other embodiments, however, the playback device 110r receives commands from another control device (e.g., the control device 130a of FIG. 1B). Additional NMD embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 3A-3F.

Referring again to FIG. 1F, the microphones 115 are configured to acquire, capture, and/or receive sound from an environment (e.g., the environment 101 of FIG. 1A) and/or a room in which the NMD 120a is positioned. The received sound can include, for example, vocal utterances, audio played back by the NMD 120a and/or another playback device, background voices, ambient sounds, etc. The microphones 115 convert the received sound into electrical signals to produce microphone data. The voice processing 124 receives and analyzes the microphone data to determine whether a voice input is present in the microphone data. The voice input can comprise, for example, an activation word followed by an utterance including a user request. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, an activation word is a word or other audio cue that signifying a user voice input. For instance, in querying the AMAZON® VAS, a user might speak the activation word “Alexa.” Other examples include “Ok, Google” for invoking the GOOGLE® VAS and “Hey, Siri” for invoking the APPLE® VAS.

After detecting the activation word, voice processing 124 monitors the microphone data for an accompanying user request in the voice input. The user request may include, for example, a command to control a third-party device, such as a thermostat (e.g., NEST® thermostat), an illumination device (e.g., a PHILIPS HUE® lighting device), or a media playback device (e.g., a Sonos® playback device). For example, a user might speak the activation word “Alexa” followed by the utterance “set the thermostat to 68 degrees” to set a temperature in a home (e.g., the environment 101 of FIG. 1A). The user might speak the same activation word followed by the utterance “turn on the living room” to turn on illumination devices in a living room area of the home. The user may similarly speak an activation word followed by a request to play a particular song, an album, or a playlist of music on a playback device in the home. Additional description regarding receiving and processing voice input data can be found in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 3A-3F.

d. Suitable Control Devices

FIG. 1H is a partially schematic diagram of the control device 130a (FIGS. 1A and 1B). As used herein, the term “control device” can be used interchangeably with “controller” or “control system.” Among other features, the control device 130a is configured to receive user input related to the media playback system 100 and, in response, cause one or more devices in the media playback system 100 to perform an action(s) or operation(s) corresponding to the user input. In the illustrated embodiment, the control device 130a comprises a smartphone (e.g., an iPhone™, an Android phone) on which media playback system controller application software is installed. In some embodiments, the control device 130a comprises, for example, a tablet (e.g., an iPad™), a computer (e.g., a laptop computer, a desktop computer), and/or another suitable device (e.g., a television, an automobile audio head unit, an IoT device). In certain embodiments, the control device 130a comprises a dedicated controller for the media playback system 100. In other embodiments, as described above with respect to FIG. 1G, the control device 130a is integrated into another device in the media playback system 100 (e.g., one more of the playback devices 110, NMDs 120, and/or other suitable devices configured to communicate over a network).

The control device 130a includes electronics 132, a user interface 133, one or more speakers 134, and one or more microphones 135. The electronics 132 comprise one or more processors 132a (referred to hereinafter as “the processors 132a”), a memory 132b, software components 132c, and a network interface 132d. The processor 132a can be configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and configuration of the media playback system 100. The memory 132b can comprise data storage that can be loaded with one or more of the software components executable by the processor 302 to perform those functions. The software components 132c can comprise applications and/or other executable software configured to facilitate control of the media playback system 100. The memory 112b can be configured to store, for example, the software components 132c, media playback system controller application software, and/or other data associated with the media playback system 100 and the user.

The network interface 132d is configured to facilitate network communications between the control device 130a and one or more other devices in the media playback system 100, and/or one or more remote devices. In some embodiments, the network interface 132 is configured to operate according to one or more suitable communication industry standards (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G, LTE). The network interface 132d can be configured, for example, to transmit data to and/or receive data from the playback devices 110, the NMDs 120, other ones of the control devices 130, one of the computing devices 106 of FIG. 1B, devices comprising one or more other media playback systems, etc. The transmitted and/or received data can include, for example, playback device control commands, state variables, playback zone and/or zone group configurations. For instance, based on user input received at the user interface 133, the network interface 132d can transmit a playback device control command (e.g., volume control, audio playback control, audio content selection) from the control device 304 to one or more of the playback devices 100. The network interface 132d can also transmit and/or receive configuration changes such as, for example, adding/removing one or more playback devices 100 to/from a zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forming a bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devices from a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Additional description of zones and groups can be found below with respect to FIGS. 1-I through 1M.

The user interface 133 is configured to receive user input and can facilitate ‘control of the media playback system 100. The user interface 133 includes media content art 133a (e.g., album art, lyrics, videos), a playback status indicator 133b (e.g., an elapsed and/or remaining time indicator), media content information region 133c, a playback control region 133d, and a zone indicator 133e. The media content information region 133c can include a display of relevant information (e.g., title, artist, album, genre, release year) about media content currently playing and/or media content in a queue or playlist. The playback control region 133d can include selectable (e.g., via touch input and/or via a cursor or another suitable selector) icons to cause one or more playback devices in a selected playback zone or zone group to perform playback actions such as, for example, play or pause, fast forward, rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode, enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode, etc. The playback control region 133d may also include selectable icons to modify equalization settings, playback volume, and/or other suitable playback actions. In the illustrated embodiment, the user interface 133 comprises a display presented on a touch screen interface of a smartphone (e.g., an iPhone™, an Android phone). In some embodiments, however, user interfaces of varying formats, styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented on one or more network devices to provide comparable control access to a media playback system.

The one or more speakers 134 (e.g., one or more transducers) can be configured to output sound to the user of the control device 130a. In some embodiments, the one or more speakers comprise individual transducers configured to correspondingly output low frequencies, mid-range frequencies, and/or high frequencies. In some aspects, for example, the control device 130a is configured as a playback device (e.g., one of the playback devices 110). Similarly, in some embodiments the control device 130a is configured as an NMD (e.g., one of the NMDs 120), receiving voice commands and other sounds via the one or more microphones 135.

The one or more microphones 135 can comprise, for example, one or more condenser microphones, electret condenser microphones, dynamic microphones, and/or other suitable types of microphones or transducers. In some embodiments, two or more of the microphones 135 are arranged to capture location information of an audio source (e.g., voice, audible sound) and/or configured to facilitate filtering of background noise. Moreover, in certain embodiments, the control device 130a is configured to operate as playback device and an NMD. In other embodiments, however, the control device 130a omits the one or more speakers 134 and/or the one or more microphones 135. For instance, the control device 130a may comprise a device (e.g., a thermostat, an IoT device, a network device) comprising a portion of the electronics 132 and the user interface 133 (e.g., a touch screen) without any speakers or microphones. Additional control device embodiments are described in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 4A-4D and 5.

e. Suitable Playback Device Configurations

FIGS. 1-1 through 1M show example configurations of playback devices in zones and zone groups. Referring first to FIG. 1M, in one example, a single playback device may belong to a zone. For example, the playback device 110g in the second bedroom 101c (FIG. 1A) may belong to Zone C. In some implementations described below, multiple playback devices may be “bonded” to form a “bonded pair” which together form a single zone. For example, the playback device 110l (e.g., a left playback device) can be bonded to the playback device 110l (e.g., a left playback device) to form Zone A. Bonded playback devices may have different playback responsibilities (e.g., channel responsibilities). In another implementation described below, multiple playback devices may be merged to form a single zone. For example, the playback device 110h (e.g., a front playback device) may be merged with the playback device 110i (e.g., a subwoofer), and the playback devices 110j and 110k (e.g., left and right surround speakers, respectively) to form a single Zone D. In another example, the playback devices 110g and 110h can be merged to form a merged group or a zone group 108b. The merged playback devices 110g and 110h may not be specifically assigned different playback responsibilities. That is, the merged playback devices 110h and 110i may, aside from playing audio content in synchrony, each play audio content as they would if they were not merged.

Each zone in the media playback system 100 may be provided for control as a single user interface (UI) entity. For example, Zone A may be provided as a single entity named Master Bathroom. Zone B may be provided as a single entity named Master Bedroom. Zone C may be provided as a single entity named Second Bedroom.

Playback devices that are bonded may have different playback responsibilities, such as responsibilities for certain audio channels. For example, as shown in FIG. 1-I, the playback devices 110l and 110m may be bonded so as to produce or enhance a stereo effect of audio content. In this example, the playback device 110l may be configured to play a left channel audio component, while the playback device 110k may be configured to play a right channel audio component. In some implementations, such stereo bonding may be referred to as “pairing.”

Additionally, bonded playback devices may have additional and/or different respective speaker drivers. As shown in FIG. 1J, the playback device 110h named Front may be bonded with the playback device 110i named SUB. The Front device 110h can be configured to render a range of mid to high frequencies and the SUB device 110i can be configured render low frequencies. When unbonded, however, the Front device 110h can be configured render a full range of frequencies. As another example, FIG. 1K shows the Front and SUB devices 110h and 110i further bonded with Left and Right playback devices 110j and 110k, respectively. In some implementations, the Right and Left devices 110j and 110k can be configured to form surround or “satellite” channels of a home theater system. The bonded playback devices 110h, 110i, 110j, and 110k may form a single Zone D (FIG. 1M).

Playback devices that are merged may not have assigned playback responsibilities, and may each render the full range of audio content the respective playback device is capable of. Nevertheless, merged devices may be represented as a single UI entity (i.e., a zone, as discussed above). For instance, the playback devices 110a and 110n the master bathroom have the single UI entity of Zone A. In one embodiment, the playback devices 110a and 110n may each output the full range of audio content each respective playback devices 110a and 110n are capable of, in synchrony.

In some embodiments, an NMD is bonded or merged with another device so as to form a zone. For example, the NMD 120b may be bonded with the playback device 110e, which together form Zone F, named Living Room. In other embodiments, a stand-alone network microphone device may be in a zone by itself. In other embodiments, however, a stand-alone network microphone device may not be associated with a zone. Additional details regarding associating network microphone devices and playback devices as designated or default devices may be found, for example, in previously referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/438,749.

Zones of individual, bonded, and/or merged devices may be grouped to form a zone group. For example, referring to FIG. 1M, Zone A may be grouped with Zone B to form a zone group 108a that includes the two zones. Similarly, Zone G may be grouped with Zone H to form the zone group 108b. As another example, Zone A may be grouped with one or more other Zones C-I. The Zones A-I may be grouped and ungrouped in numerous ways. For example, three, four, five, or more (e.g., all) of the Zones A-I may be grouped. When grouped, the zones of individual and/or bonded playback devices may play back audio in synchrony with one another, as described in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395. Playback devices may be dynamically grouped and ungrouped to form new or different groups that synchronously play back audio content.

In various implementations, the zones in an environment may be the default name of a zone within the group or a combination of the names of the zones within a zone group. For example, Zone Group 108b can have be assigned a name such as “Dining+Kitchen”, as shown in FIG. 1M. In some embodiments, a zone group may be given a unique name selected by a user.

Certain data may be stored in a memory of a playback device (e.g., the memory 112c of FIG. 1C) as one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe the state of a playback zone, the playback device(s), and/or a zone group associated therewith. The memory may also include the data associated with the state of the other devices of the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the system.

In some embodiments, the memory may store instances of various variable types associated with the states. Variables instances may be stored with identifiers (e.g., tags) corresponding to type. For example, certain identifiers may be a first type “a1” to identify playback device(s) of a zone, a second type “b1” to identify playback device(s) that may be bonded in the zone, and a third type “c1” to identify a zone group to which the zone may belong. As a related example, identifiers associated with the second bedroom 101c may indicate that the playback device is the only playback device of the Zone C and not in a zone group. Identifiers associated with the Den may indicate that the Den is not grouped with other zones but includes bonded playback devices 110h-110k. Identifiers associated with the Dining Room may indicate that the Dining Room is part of the Dining+Kitchen zone group 108b and that devices 110b and 110d are grouped (FIG. 1L). Identifiers associated with the Kitchen may indicate the same or similar information by virtue of the Kitchen being part of the Dining+Kitchen zone group 108b. Other example zone variables and identifiers are described below.

In yet another example, the media playback system 100 may variables or identifiers representing other associations of zones and zone groups, such as identifiers associated with Areas, as shown in FIG. 1M. An area may involve a cluster of zone groups and/or zones not within a zone group. For instance, FIG. 1M shows an Upper Area 109a including Zones A-D, and a Lower Area 109b including Zones E-I. In one aspect, an Area may be used to invoke a cluster of zone groups and/or zones that share one or more zones and/or zone groups of another cluster. In another aspect, this differs from a zone group, which does not share a zone with another zone group. Further examples of techniques for implementing Areas may be found, for example, in U.S. application Ser. No. 15/682,506 filed Aug. 21, 2017 and titled “Room Association Based on Name,” and U.S. Pat. No. 8,483,853 filed Sep. 11, 2007, and titled “Controlling and manipulating groupings in a multi-zone media system.” Each of these applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the media playback system 100 may not implement Areas, in which case the system may not store variables associated with Areas.

III. Example Systems and Devices

FIG. 2A is a front isometric view of a playback device 210 configured in accordance with aspects of the disclosed technology. FIG. 2B is a front isometric view of the playback device 210 without a grille 216e. FIG. 2C is an exploded view of the playback device 210. Referring to FIGS. 2A-2C together, the playback device 210 comprises a housing 216 that includes an upper portion 216a, a right or first side portion 216b, a lower portion 216c, a left or second side portion 216d, the grille 216e, and a rear portion 216f. A plurality of fasteners 216g (e.g., one or more screws, rivets, clips) attaches a frame 216h to the housing 216. A cavity 216j (FIG. 2C) in the housing 216 is configured to receive the frame 216h and electronics 212. The frame 216h is configured to carry a plurality of transducers 214 (identified individually in FIG. 2B as transducers 214a-f). The electronics 212 (e.g., the electronics 112 of FIG. 1C) is configured to receive audio content from an audio source and send electrical signals corresponding to the audio content to the transducers 214 for playback.

The transducers 214 are configured to receive the electrical signals from the electronics 112, and further configured to convert the received electrical signals into audible sound during playback. For instance, the transducers 214a-c (e.g., tweeters) can be configured to output high frequency sound (e.g., sound waves having a frequency greater than about 2 kHz). The transducers 214d-f (e.g., mid-woofers, woofers, midrange speakers) can be configured output sound at frequencies lower than the transducers 214a-c (e.g., sound waves having a frequency lower than about 2 kHz). In some embodiments, the playback device 210 includes a number of transducers different than those illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C. For example, as described in further detail below with respect to FIGS. 3A-3C, the playback device 210 can include fewer than six transducers (e.g., one, two, three). In other embodiments, however, the playback device 210 includes more than six transducers (e.g., nine, ten). Moreover, in some embodiments, all or a portion of the transducers 214 are configured to operate as a phased array to desirably adjust (e.g., narrow or widen) a radiation pattern of the transducers 214, thereby altering a user's perception of the sound emitted from the playback device 210.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 2A-2C, a filter 216i is axially aligned with the transducer 214b. The filter 216i can be configured to desirably attenuate a predetermined range of frequencies that the transducer 214b outputs to improve sound quality and a perceived sound stage output collectively by the transducers 214. In some embodiments, however, the playback device 210 omits the filter 216i. In other embodiments, the playback device 210 includes one or more additional filters aligned with the transducers 214b and/or at least another of the transducers 214.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are front and right isometric side views, respectively, of an NMD 320 configured in accordance with embodiments of the disclosed technology. FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the NMD 320. FIG. 3D is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3B including a user interface 313 of the NMD 320. Referring first to FIGS. 3A-3C, the NMD 320 includes a housing 316 comprising an upper portion 316a, a lower portion 316b and an intermediate portion 316c (e.g., a grille). A plurality of ports, holes, or apertures 316d in the upper portion 316a allow sound to pass through to one or more microphones 315 (FIG. 3C) positioned within the housing 316. The one or more microphones 316 are configured to received sound via the apertures 316d and produce electrical signals based on the received sound. In the illustrated embodiment, a frame 316e (FIG. 3C) of the housing 316 surrounds cavities 316f and 316g configured to house, respectively, a first transducer 314a (e.g., a tweeter) and a second transducer 314b (e.g., a mid-woofer, a midrange speaker, a woofer). In other embodiments, however, the NMD 320 includes a single transducer, or more than two (e.g., two, five, six) transducers. In certain embodiments, the NMD 320 omits the transducers 314a and 314b altogether.

Electronics 312 (FIG. 3C) includes components configured to drive the transducers 314a and 314b, and further configured to analyze audio data corresponding to the electrical signals produced by the one or more microphones 315. In some embodiments, for example, the electronics 312 comprises many or all of the components of the electronics 112 described above with respect to FIG. 1C. In certain embodiments, the electronics 312 includes components described above with respect to FIG. 1F such as, for example, the one or more processors 112a, the memory 112b, the software components 112c, the network interface 112d, etc. In some embodiments, the electronics 312 includes additional suitable components (e.g., proximity or other sensors).

Referring to FIG. 3D, the user interface 313 includes a plurality of control surfaces (e.g., buttons, knobs, capacitive surfaces) including a first control surface 313a (e.g., a previous control), a second control surface 313b (e.g., a next control), and a third control surface 313c (e.g., a play and/or pause control). A fourth control surface 313d is configured to receive touch input corresponding to activation and deactivation of the one or microphones 315. A first indicator 313e (e.g., one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) or another suitable illuminator) can be configured to illuminate only when the one or more microphones 315 are activated. A second indicator 313f (e.g., one or more LEDs) can be configured to remain solid during normal operation and to blink or otherwise change from solid to indicate a detection of voice activity. In some embodiments, the user interface 313 includes additional or fewer control surfaces and illuminators. In one embodiment, for example, the user interface 313 includes the first indicator 313e, omitting the second indicator 313f. Moreover, in certain embodiments, the NMD 320 comprises a playback device and a control device, and the user interface 313 comprises the user interface of the control device.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3D together, the NMD 320 is configured to receive voice commands from one or more adjacent users via the one or more microphones 315. As described above with respect to FIG. 1B, the one or more microphones 315 can acquire, capture, or record sound in a vicinity (e.g., a region within 10 m or less of the NMD 320) and transmit electrical signals corresponding to the recorded sound to the electronics 312. The electronics 312 can process the electrical signals and can analyze the resulting audio data to determine a presence of one or more voice commands (e.g., one or more activation words). In some embodiments, for example, after detection of one or more suitable voice commands, the NMD 320 is configured to transmit a portion of the recorded audio data to another device and/or a remote server (e.g., one or more of the computing devices 106 of FIG. 1B) for further analysis. The remote server can analyze the audio data, determine an appropriate action based on the voice command, and transmit a message to the NMD 320 to perform the appropriate action. For instance, a user may speak “Sonos, play Michael Jackson.” The NMD 320 can, via the one or more microphones 315, record the user's voice utterance, determine the presence of a voice command, and transmit the audio data having the voice command to a remote server (e.g., one or more of the remote computing devices 106 of FIG. 1B, one or more servers of a VAS and/or another suitable service). The remote server can analyze the audio data and determine an action corresponding to the command. The remote server can then transmit a command to the NMD 320 to perform the determined action (e.g., play back audio content related to Michael Jackson). The NMD 320 can receive the command and play back the audio content related to Michael Jackson from a media content source. As described above with respect to FIG. 1B, suitable content sources can include a device or storage communicatively coupled to the NMD 320 via a LAN (e.g., the network 104 of FIG. 1B), a remote server (e.g., one or more of the remote computing devices 106 of FIG. 1B), etc. In certain embodiments, however, the NMD 320 determines and/or performs one or more actions corresponding to the one or more voice commands without intervention or involvement of an external device, computer, or server.

FIG. 3E is a functional block diagram showing additional features of the NMD 320 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. The NMD 320 includes components configured to facilitate voice command capture including voice activity detector component(s) 312k, beam former components 312l, acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) and/or self-sound suppression components 312m, activation word detector components 312n, and voice/speech conversion components 312o (e.g., voice-to-text and text-to-voice). In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3E, the foregoing components 312k-312o are shown as separate components. In some embodiments, however, one or more of the components 312k-312o are subcomponents of the processors 112a.

The beamforming and self-sound suppression components 312l and 312m are configured to detect an audio signal and determine aspects of voice input represented in the detected audio signal, such as the direction, amplitude, frequency spectrum, etc. The voice activity detector activity components 312k are operably coupled with the beamforming and AEC components 312l and 312m and are configured to determine a direction and/or directions from which voice activity is likely to have occurred in the detected audio signal. Potential speech directions can be identified by monitoring metrics which distinguish speech from other sounds. Such metrics can include, for example, energy within the speech band relative to background noise and entropy within the speech band, which is measure of spectral structure. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, speech typically has a lower entropy than most common background noise. The activation word detector components 312n are configured to monitor and analyze received audio to determine if any activation words (e.g., wake words) are present in the received audio. The activation word detector components 312n may analyze the received audio using an activation word detection algorithm. If the activation word detector 312n detects an activation word, the NMD 320 may process voice input contained in the received audio. Example activation word detection algorithms accept audio as input and provide an indication of whether an activation word is present in the audio. Many first- and third-party activation word detection algorithms are known and commercially available. For instance, operators of a voice service may make their algorithm available for use in third-party devices. Alternatively, an algorithm may be trained to detect certain activation words. In some embodiments, the activation word detector 312n runs multiple activation word detection algorithms on the received audio simultaneously (or substantially simultaneously). As noted above, different voice services (e.g. AMAZON's ALEXA®, APPLE's SIRI®, or MICROSOFT's CORTANA®) can each use a different activation word for invoking their respective voice service. To support multiple services, the activation word detector 312n may run the received audio through the activation word detection algorithm for each supported voice service in parallel.

The speech/text conversion components 312o may facilitate processing by converting speech in the voice input to text. In some embodiments, the electronics 312 can include voice recognition software that is trained to a particular user or a particular set of users associated with a household. Such voice recognition software may implement voice-processing algorithms that are tuned to specific voice profile(s). Tuning to specific voice profiles may require less computationally intensive algorithms than traditional voice activity services, which typically sample from a broad base of users and diverse requests that are not targeted to media playback systems.

FIG. 3F is a schematic diagram of an example voice input 328 captured by the NMD 320 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. The voice input 328 can include an activation word portion 328a and a voice utterance portion 328b. In some embodiments, the activation word 557a can be a known activation word, such as “Alexa,” which is associated with AMAZON's ALEXA®. In other embodiments, however, the voice input 328 may not include an activation word. In some embodiments, a network microphone device may output an audible and/or visible response upon detection of the activation word portion 328a. In addition or alternately, an NMB may output an audible and/or visible response after processing a voice input and/or a series of voice inputs.

The voice utterance portion 328b may include, for example, one or more spoken commands (identified individually as a first command 328c and a second command 328e) and one or more spoken keywords (identified individually as a first keyword 328d and a second keyword 328f). In one example, the first command 328c can be a command to play music, such as a specific song, album, playlist, etc. In this example, the keywords may be one or words identifying one or more zones in which the music is to be played, such as the Living Room and the Dining Room shown in FIG. 1A. In some examples, the voice utterance portion 328b can include other information, such as detected pauses (e.g., periods of non-speech) between words spoken by a user, as shown in FIG. 3F. The pauses may demarcate the locations of separate commands, keywords, or other information spoke by the user within the voice utterance portion 328b.

In some embodiments, the media playback system 100 is configured to temporarily reduce the volume of audio content that it is playing while detecting the activation word portion 557a. The media playback system 100 may restore the volume after processing the voice input 328, as shown in FIG. 3F. Such a process can be referred to as ducking, examples of which are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/438,749, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIGS. 4A-4D are schematic diagrams of a control device 430 (e.g., the control device 130a of FIG. 1H, a smartphone, a tablet, a dedicated control device, an IoT device, and/or another suitable device) showing corresponding user interface displays in various states of operation. A first user interface display 431a (FIG. 4A) includes a display name 433a (i.e., “Rooms”). A selected group region 433b displays audio content information (e.g., artist name, track name, album art) of audio content played back in the selected group and/or zone. Group regions 433c and 433d display corresponding group and/or zone name, and audio content information audio content played back or next in a playback queue of the respective group or zone. An audio content region 433e includes information related to audio content in the selected group and/or zone (i.e., the group and/or zone indicated in the selected group region 433b). A lower display region 433f is configured to receive touch input to display one or more other user interface displays. For example, if a user selects “Browse” in the lower display region 433f, the control device 430 can be configured to output a second user interface display 431b (FIG. 4B) comprising a plurality of music services 433g (e.g., Spotify, Radio by TuneIn, Apple Music, Pandora, Amazon, TV, local music, line-in) through which the user can browse and from which the user can select media content for play back via one or more playback devices (e.g., one of the playback devices 110 of FIG. 1A). Alternatively, if the user selects “My Sonos” in the lower display region 433f, the control device 430 can be configured to output a third user interface display 431c (FIG. 4C). A first media content region 433h can include graphical representations (e.g., album art) corresponding to individual albums, stations, or playlists. A second media content region 433i can include graphical representations (e.g., album art) corresponding to individual songs, tracks, or other media content. If the user selections a graphical representation 433j (FIG. 4C), the control device 430 can be configured to begin play back of audio content corresponding to the graphical representation 433j and output a fourth user interface display 431d fourth user interface display 431d includes an enlarged version of the graphical representation 433j, media content information 433k (e.g., track name, artist, album), transport controls 433m (e.g., play, previous, next, pause, volume), and indication 433n of the currently selected group and/or zone name.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control device 530 (e.g., a laptop computer, a desktop computer). The control device 530 includes transducers 534, a microphone 535, and a camera 536. A user interface 531 includes a transport control region 533a, a playback status region 533b, a playback zone region 533c, a playback queue region 533d, and a media content source region 533e. The transport control region comprises one or more controls for controlling media playback including, for example, volume, previous, play/pause, next, repeat, shuffle, track position, crossfade, equalization, etc. The audio content source region 533e includes a listing of one or more media content sources from which a user can select media items for play back and/or adding to a playback queue.

The playback zone region 533b can include representations of playback zones within the media playback system 100 (FIGS. 1A and 1B). In some embodiments, the graphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zones in the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones, creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, renaming of zone groups, etc. In the illustrated embodiment, a “group” icon is provided within each of the graphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon provided within a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectable to bring up options to select one or more other zones in the media playback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped, playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particular zone can be configured to play audio content in synchrony with the playback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” icon may be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. In the illustrated embodiment, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options to deselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zone group. In some embodiments, the control device 530 includes other interactions and implementations for grouping and ungrouping zones via the user interface 531. In certain embodiments, the representations of playback zones in the playback zone region 533b can be dynamically updated as playback zone or zone group configurations are modified.

The playback status region 533c includes graphical representations of audio content that is presently being played, previously played, or scheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. The selected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished on the user interface, such as within the playback zone region 533b and/or the playback queue region 533d. The graphical representations may include track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length, and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to know when controlling the media playback system 100 via the user interface 531.

The playback queue region 533d includes graphical representations of audio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playback zone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zone group may be associated with a playback queue containing information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playback zone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playback device in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve the audio item from a local audio content source or a networked audio content source, possibly for playback by the playback device. In some embodiments, for example, a playlist can be added to a playback queue, in which information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may be added to the playback queue. In some embodiments, audio items in a playback queue may be saved as a playlist. In certain embodiments, a playback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audio content, such as Internet radio that may continue to play until otherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playback durations. In some embodiments, a playback queue can include Internet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items.

When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,” playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zone groups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playback zone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playback zone including a second playback queue, the established zone group may have an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that contains audio items from the first playback queue (such as if the second playback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audio items from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zone was added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio items from both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if the established zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zone may be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, the resulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previous second playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a computing system 640 that facilitates providing streaming media content, such as internet radio content, to one or more media playback systems as discussed herein. For example, the computing system 640 may include one or more computing devices, including the computing device(s) 106 of the cloud network(s) 102 shown in FIG. 2 and discussed above, which may facilitate providing a set of internet radio stations as well as other audio streaming services.

The computing system 640 may include a music programming tool 641a that may be used by administrators of a streaming media service and/or a media playback system provider (e.g., Sonos) to assemble and program the media content for each internet radio station's playlist. In some implementations, this may involve selecting, for a given media item in a playlist, a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item.

Counterpart media items may take a variety of forms. As one example, a counterpart media item may be an alternative version of a given song that may be played based on the operational data from a requesting playback device. For instance, a counterpart media item may take the form of a non-explicit version of a given song that normally includes explicit content. As other possibilities, counterpart media items may include live versions, solo versions, acoustic versions, cover versions, and other variations of a given song. As yet another possibility, a counterpart media item might be a different song that corresponds to the given media item in one or more other ways (e.g., a different song by the same artist, a different song in the same genre, etc.). In each of these cases, the counterpart media item may be played back as a replacement for the given media item in certain situations, as discussed below.

As another example, a counterpart media item may act as a complement to a given media item, rather than as a replacement for it. For instance, some songs may sound better when played sequentially and/or listeners might have an expectation that they will be played sequentially, perhaps because they blend into one another or because they have traditionally been played in sequence as a part of traditional terrestrial radio broadcasts. As another possibility, a counterpart media item may include an advertisement, promotion, or other related content that corresponds to a given media item in some way. For example, the artist of a given song may promote a certain product, service, or event, etc., and thus it might be desirable to play back the given song in sequence with the related content. Other examples of counterpart media items that act a complement to a given media are also possible.

The media items within a given playlist maintained by the computing system 640 may take various forms, including a URI, a URL, or a similar identifier that allows a requesting playback device, upon receipt of the media item, to retrieve the associated audio content for playback from a media content source, which may be part of or separate from the computing system 640. Alternatively, the media items in a given playlist may take the form of audio content that is provided directly from the computing system 640 to a requesting playback device. In some implementations, a playlist maintained by the computing system 640 may include a combination of different kinds of media items, such as a combination of URIs and audio content. For example, a given media item within a playlist may take the form of a URI, whereas one or more counterpart media items to the given media item may take the form of audio content. Other possibilities also exist.

For a given media item within a playlist, a set of one or more counterpart media items may be maintained as part of the playlist in various ways. As one example, the given media item and the set of counterpart media items may be maintained together in a packet or similar data container. Accordingly, when a current playback position within the playlist reaches the packet, a selection may be made from among the individual media items within the packet for playback (e.g., in an example where the counterpart media item is an alternative). The selection may be based on operational data from the playback device or media playback system that requested the playlist for playback, as further discussed below.

In some implementations, the selection of a counterpart media item for playback may be made by the computing system 640, such that only the counterpart media item is transmitted to the playback device for playback. In this regard, the computing system 640 might make a different selection from the packet for two different playback devices, located in different media playback systems, that are both playing back the same playlist for a given internet radio station at the same time. In some other implementation, the computing system 640 may transmit the entire packet to one or more playback devices that are playing back the playlist, and the selection of which media item from within the packet to play back may be made locally by each playback device. Other implementations are also possible, including combinations of the above.

Returning to FIG. 6, the computing system 640 may further include a radio listing content management system (CMS) 641b. The radio listing CMS may be used to find, verify, and store data regarding terrestrial radio streams that may be provided by one or more terrestrial radio stream aggregators.

The computing system 640 may also include a user journey engine 641c, which may utilize operational data from a given playback device, or from the media playback system of which the given playback device is a part, to make predictions regarding user interests and/or user activity within the media playback system, as appropriate. In some implementations, the user journey engine 641c may coordinate with other computing systems to make such predictions, as further discussed below.

FIG. 6 also shows a plurality of additional computing systems 642 with which the computing system 640 may integrate and/or cooperate. For example, the additional computing systems 642 include music content sources 642a operated by a respective music service, such as the example music services 433g discussed above (e.g., Spotify, etc.). In some implementations, for the internet radio content discussed herein, the media playback system provider itself (e.g., Sonos) may operate similar to the music services 433g discussed above, curating and assembling various playlists corresponding to the internet radio content and maintaining one or more of the media content source(s) 642a shown in FIG. 6. The additional computing systems 642 may also include terrestrial radio stream aggregators 642b and rights reporting services 642c that track the digital rights associated with given media content. For instance, unlike traditional terrestrial radio where it may be difficult to determine how many listeners were tuned in during playback of a given song, the implementations discussed herein can provide much more granular listener information. Operational data from one or more media playback systems may indicate, for example, how many playback devices played back a given song, where the playback devices were likely located, an estimation of user presence, among other information. In some cases, this additional information may be used to develop more specific arrangements and fee schedules for the licensing of digital content playback.

The additional computing system 642 may also include an advertisement trafficking system 642d, a personalization platform 642e, and an analytics platform 642f, among many other possibilities. Further, the computing system 640 may cooperate with computing systems and networks that facilitate the data exchanges involved herein, including a content delivery network (CDN) 642g, and one or more data repositories 642h.

As discussed above, the operational data stored in data repositories 642h may include, for each media playback system, listening history corresponding to one or more playback devices and/or identified user profiles, the number, model(s), configuration(s), and/or playback settings of the playback devices in the media playback system, data regarding the media content sources available to the media playback system, indications of possible playback device locations within the media playback system, and indications of the likelihood of user presence, among other examples.

In some implementations, the user journey engine 641c may access the operational data stored in the data repositories 642h and then coordinate with one or both of the personalization platform 642e and the analytics platform 642f in order to analyze the data and make predictions regarding user interests and/or user activity within a given media playback system. For instance, operational data may be available from a substantial number of diverse media playback systems. The user journey engine 641c may work in conjunction with the analytics platform 642f to apply machine learning and/or other analytics to determine outcomes that are correlated with certain aspects of the operational data, and to predict future outcomes based on related or similar operational data. Further, the user journey engine 641c may further coordinate with the personalization platform 642e to apply trends and other predictive information discussed herein to any number of products, services, media content, and the like in a way that presents targeted advertisements that are more likely to be meaningful to particular users of a given media playback system. For example, a playlist for a given internet radio station may include designated time slots for advertisements that are provided as part of the internet radio station's programming.

In a further implementation, the user journey engine 641c may access the operational data stored in the data repositories 642h and, based on the operational data, select one or more counterpart media items from a playlist for playback by a given playback device. For example, a playlist provided by the computing system 640 may include a packet that contains a given media item with explicit content and a counterpart media item that is a non-explicit version of the given media item. Further, a given playback device, or the media playback system of which the given playback device is a part, that requests playback of the playlist may have a parental control setting turned on. Based on this operational data, the user journey engine 641c may select the non-explicit version for playback by the playback device. In some embodiments, playback settings such as a parental control setting may be manually adjusted settings, or may be automatically based on the time or day or day of the week, among other possibilities.

As another example, a playlist may include a packet that contains a given media item (i.e., a studio recorded version of a song) and one or more counterpart media items that are live versions of the given song. The operational data for a given playback device that is playing back the playlist list may include various information that might provide a basis for selecting one of the counterpart media items. For instance, the playback settings for the playback device may include a preference for live versions of songs over studio recordings. Additionally or alternatively, such a preference might be indicated in the operational data by way of a user's previous indications of liked/disliked media items, instead of a direct setting. Such likes/dislikes might be indicated by a user via a control device (e.g., by selecting a thumbs up or thumbs down) during playback of a given media item. In this regard, the user's preference information for particular media items in the data repositories 642h might be aggregated across multiple media content sources, and thus may include likes/dislikes that the user entered across different internet radio stations, various user-controlled music streaming media services, or even local playback sources (e.g., a line-in source). Accordingly, the user may have previously indicated a dislike for the studio version of the a given media item. Based on this preference information, the user journey engine 641c may select the live version from the packet for playback.

As another possibility, the data repositories 642h may include a playback history for a given playback device or media playback system. Similar to the user preference information just discussed, the playback history may incorporate media items that were played back across multiple different internet radio stations and playlists provided by computing system 640, as well as other user-controlled music streaming media services, local playback sources, and the like. Based on this information, the user journey engine 641c might determine that the given media item with the packet was recently played by the playback device (e.g., within a recent threshold period of time such as 24 hours), perhaps as part of a playlist for a different internet radio station. Accordingly, the user journey engine 641c may select one of the counterpart media items from the packet that represents an alternative version of the given media item for playback.

Various other examples of selecting counterpart media items based on operational data from a playback device or media playback system are also possible.

FIG. 6 also shows a first media playback system 600a including playback device 610a, 610b, and control device 630a, and a second media playback system 600b including a third playback device 610c. Both the first media playback system 600a and the second media playback system 600b may communicate with the computing system 640, as well as one or more of the additional computing systems 642, during playback of content from an internet radio station. The computing system 640 maintains the playlist of media items for the internet radio station in a queue for playback and may additionally maintain an indication of a current playback position within the playlist, which is always advancing. To facilitate playback of the playlist, the computing system 640 may provide one or more media items from the playlist to the playback device 610a, along with an indication of the current playback position. The current playback position may be, for example, a timestamp corresponding to a position within a given media item, or an indication of a particular audio frame within the media content where playback should begin. The indications of the current playback position may take other forms as well.

As noted above, the media items in a given playlist, and in a packet within the given playlist, may include a URI, a URL, or a similar identifier that allows the playback device 610a to retrieve the media content for playback. For example, the one or more media items may “point” to media content on one or more of the media content sources 642a shown in FIG. 6. As playback continues and the current playback position progresses, the computing system 640 may send additional media items from the playlist to the playback device 610a. In some implementations, the computing system 640 might also send an updated indication of the current playback position, which may allow the playback device 610a to update its local playback position if it has drifted beyond a predetermined threshold. For example, the media playback system 600a may experience network attenuation that delays the retrieval of media content from the media content source 642a, causing the playback device 610a to “fall behind” the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640. If the playback device 610a determines that the delay is greater that a maximum value, such as 5 seconds, the playback device 610a may adjust playback of the media content so as to reduce the delay. Other thresholds are also possible.

Conversely, the computing system 640 may provide an indication of the current playback position that incorporates an allowance for some delay that may be expected for the playback device 610a to retrieve the media content. For example, such an allowance may be based on average media content retrieval speeds across a large number of playback devices, which may be available from the collected operational data. However, if the first playback device 610a is instead experiencing network speeds that are greater than average, its local playback position may begin to drift ahead of the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640, and a similar correction may be required.

As yet another example, a counterpart media item that is selected for playback from a given packet, such as a live version of a song, might not have the same playback length as the given media item that it replaces. Nonetheless, the computing system 640 may maintain the current playback position based on the playback length of the given media item. Accordingly, a temporal offset may be introduced between the local playback position of the playlist of media items and the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640, and a correction may be needed.

A correction of the temporal offset(s) discussed above might take various forms. As one example, the computing system 640 might determine interstitial content for playback between two or more upcoming media items in the playlist that reduces the offset. For instance, the computing system 640 may determine, for a designated advertising time slot within the playlist, advertisements of differing length as a way to reduce playback timing differences between playback devices. For instance, if the playback device 610a has a local playback position that is lagging 5 seconds behind the indication of the current playback position that is maintained by the computing system 640, the computing system 640 may determine an advertisement for the playback device 610a that is only 10 seconds in length, whereas other playback devices that are playing back the internet radio content, such as the playback device 610c in the second media playback system, may be provided with advertisements that are 15 seconds in length.

As another possibility, the interstitial content might take the form of one or more brief periods of planned silence (e.g., 2.5 seconds), in a situation where the local playback position is determined to be ahead of the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640. For instance, if the playback device 610a has a local playback position that is 5 seconds ahead of the indication of the current playback position that is maintained by the computing system 640, the computing system 640 may determine a 2.5 second period of silence to be played following each the next two media items in the playlist. In this way, the playback device 610a may become resynchronized, or substantially resynchronized, with other playback devices that are playing the same internet radio station. Other examples of interstitial content that may be determined to reduce temporal offsets it the respective playback positions are also possible.

As another example, the computing system 640 may adjust the audio content that is provided to the given playback device to correct for temporal offsets between the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640 and a playback device's location playback position. For example, the computing system 640 may timestretch the audio content of a song, or a portion thereof, to increase or decrease its tempo without changing its pitch, and then provide the adjusted audio content to the playback device 610a while other playback devices receive unadjusted content. As above, this may allow the playback device 610a may become resynchronized, or substantially resynchronized, with other playback devices that are playing the same internet radio station.

Additionally or alternatively, the playback device 610a may determine that its current playback position within the playlist of media items is behind the indicated playback position provided by the computing system 640 by more than a threshold value, such as 5 seconds. In response, the playback device 610a may undertake a similar adjustment of the audio content that is received from the computing system 640. For example, the playback device 610a may timestretch the audio content to increase its tempo as discussed above, and then play back the adjusted audio content to thereby reduce the difference in its playback position.

The computing system 640 and/or the playback device 600a may account for temporal offsets in various other ways as well, including combinations of any of the above.

In a similar way, the computing system 640 may provide one or more media items from the playlist and an indication of the current playback position within the playlist to the playback device 610c of the second media playback system 600b. Temporal offsets in the playback of media items by playback device 610c may be adjusted as appropriate, according to one or more of the examples above. This may result in the substantially synchronous playback of the internet radio stream by the playback device 610a and the playback device 610c. For instance, differences in playback timing up to 5 or even 10 seconds, which would be unacceptable in a multi-room playback scenario, may not have any appreciable impact on users listening to the same internet radio stream in separate media playback systems.

Additional details regarding providing streaming media content, such as internet radio content, to one or more media playback systems can be found, for example, in U.S. application Ser. No. 16/680,232 filed Nov. 11, 2019 and titled “Media Content Based on Operational Data,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

IV. Example User Experiences Associated with Counterpart Media Items

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a playback device playing back an internet radio stream and will inform the discussion of some example user experiences that may be facilitated by the systems and operations herein.

For instance, FIG. 7 shows a graphical representation of a playlist of media items 760 that is maintained by a computing system, such as the computing system 640 discussed above. The playlist 760 may correspond to various different types of streaming media content such as an internet radio station, among other possibilities. As shown in FIG. 7, the playlist 760 as maintained by computing system 640 contains individual media items, such as media item 761, as well as several packets, such as packet 762, that contain a given media item and set of one or more counterpart media items. For instance, packet 762 contains a given media item 762a and one counterpart media item 762b.

FIG. 7 also shows a playback device 610a, which may be operating as a part of media playback system 600a as shown in FIG. 6. Playback device 610a requests playback of the playlist 760 from the computing system 640. For example, a user of playback device 610a may select (e.g., via the control device 630a) an internet radio station for playback that corresponds to the playlist 760. In response, computing system 640 may transmit media items from the playlist 760 to the playback device 610a, including the selection of counterpart media items as discussed in the examples below. Accordingly, the sequence of media items 760a shown in FIG. 7 represents the media items that are received by the playback device 610a, from the computing system 640, during the course of playback of the playlist 760.

In this regard, the horizontal orientation of FIG. 7 from left to right corresponds to the passage of time, and items that are vertically aligned (e.g., the beginning and ending of a given media item) occur at substantially the same time, as discussed above.

Beginning with media item 761, the playback device 610a receives the media items in the playlist 760 from the computing system 640. As noted above, the media items in the playlist 760 may include a URI or similar pointer that allows the playback device 610a to retrieve the corresponding media content for playback. Following media item 761, the playlist 760 includes a packet 762 that contains a given media item 762a, including explicit content, as well as a counterpart media item 762b, which is a non-explicit version of media item 762a.

As part of the request from playback device 610a to play back the playlist 760, the computing system 640 may receive operational data about the playback device 610a, and/or about the media playback system 600a. Additionally or alternatively, the computing system 640 may receive the operational data at other times, includes before the playback device 610a has requested playback of the playlist 760. Further, the operational data may be received directly from the playback device 610a, or via various other sources, such as one or more of the computing devices 642 shown in FIG. 6 and discussed above.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the operational data for the playback device 610a (or the media playback system 600a) may indicate that a parental control setting is enabled. Based on this information, the computing system 640 may select the counterpart media item 642b for playback by the playback device 610a, and then transmit counterpart media item 642b to the playback device 610a for playback following media item 641. Accordingly, the playback device 610a receives the counterpart media item 642b and plays back the non-explicit version of the song.

Following packet 762, the playlist 760 includes another packet 763. Unlike packet 762, which included a counterpart media item as a playback alternative to the given media item, packet 763 includes a counterpart media item 763b that is to be played consecutively with the given media item 763a. For example, media item 763a may be a song by a particular artist, and media item 763b may be an advertisement for an upcoming festival at which the artist will be playing. As another example, the media item 763b may be a station identifier for the internet radio station, voiced by the artist. Other possibilities also exist.

As noted above, computing system 640 may maintain a current playback position within the playlist 760, which may act as a source playback position against which various local playback positions for playback devices playing back the playlist 760 may be compared. For example, following playback of media item 764, the local playback position of the playback device 610a may be approximately equal to the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640. This may be seen in FIG. 7 by the approximate alignment of the end of the media item 764 in the playlist 760 with the end of media item 764 in the sequence of media items 760a as played back by the playback device 610a.

Following media item 764, the playlist 760 may include a packet 765 that contains a given media item 765a, representing a studio recording of a particular song, and a counterpart media item 765b, representing a live version of the particular song. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the counterpart media item 765b has a different playback length than the given media item 765a. In these cases, the time allotted within the playlist 760 for packet 765 may correspond to the given media item 765a, and the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640 may be based on this value. Accordingly, if the counterpart media item 765b is selected from the packet 765, a temporal offset maybe introduced.

Such an example is shown in FIG. 7, where computing system 640 has selected counterpart media item 765b for playback by the playback device 610a. For instance, operational data may indicate that a user of the playback device 610a has a preference for live music generally, or has previously indicated a specific “like” of the media item 765b, among other possibilities. Accordingly, based on the playback length of the counterpart media item 765b, which is shorter than the playback length of the given media item 765a, the computing system may determine the temporal offset 750a.

The computing system 640 and/or the playback device 610a may reduce the temporal offset in various ways, as discussed above. In some embodiments (not shown), the counterpart media item 765b might be immediately followed by interstitial content, such as a period of silence, that reduces the temporal offset. In other embodiments, interstitial content may be determined for playback between two or more media items from the playlist that are yet to be played.

However, the next item in the playlist 760 is packet 766, which includes a given media item 766a and a counterpart media item 765b that is a designated for consecutive playback with media item 766a. In such cases, the computing system 640 may determine that interstitial content cannot be inserted between the consecutive media items within a given packet. For instance, in terrestrial radio broadcasts, Led Zeppelin's “Heartbreaker” is traditionally followed immediately by “Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)”, and thus listeners may expect that these media items will be played in succession. Numerous other examples exist.

Accordingly, computing system 640 may determine interstitial content for playback following the conclusion of counterpart media item 766b. In some cases, the determination of interstitial content may involve the selection of advertisements of differing lengths, during a designated advertising time slot within the playlist 760. For instance, media item 767 may represent an advertising time slot of a given playback length, which may be populated with a relevant advertisements that are based on operational data from the playback device 610a and/or media playback system 600a, as discussed above. In some implementations, the selection of such advertisements may be used as a way to correct some of the temporal offsets discussed herein. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the computing system 640 may determine a relevant advertisement 767x that is slightly longer that the time slot assigned to media item 767 in the playlist 760. Accordingly, the playback offset may be reduced.

Following media item 768, the playlist 760 includes a packet 769 that contains a media item 769a and two counterpart media items 769b and 769c. For instance, the counterpart media items 769b and 769c may represent two different alternate versions of the media item 769a, each with a different playback length. One of the counterpart media items may be selected based on operational data that indicates a preference for one of the media items over the others, as discussed above.

Additionally or alternatively, the computing system 640 may select a counterpart media item based in part on its playback length. For instance, following media item 768, the computing system 640 may determine a temporal offset 750b that is smaller than the previously determined offset 750a, but which is still large enough that a correction may be appropriate.

Further, based on received operational data that includes a playback history of the first playback device 610a, the computing system 640 may determine that the media item 769a was recently played (e.g., 10 hours ago) when the first playback device 610a was playing back a different internet radio station. Accordingly, one of the counterpart media items 769b and 769c may be selected for playback.

For instance, based on the determined offset 750b, the computing system 640 may select counterpart media item 769b for playback by the playback device 610a because it has a longer playback length than the given media item 769a and counterpart media item 769c. Accordingly, the offset 750b may be further reduced. Thereafter, beginning with playback of media item 770, the local playback position of the playback device 610a may be once again substantially synchronized with the current playback position for the playback queue 760 maintained by the computing system 640.

Additionally, although not shown in FIG. 7, it should be understood that the examples shown and discussed above, and variations thereof, may be facilitated by the computing system 640 for numerous other playback devices, in other media playback systems. For example, the playback device 610c shown in FIG. 6, operating as a part of media playback system 600b, may also request the play back the playlist 760, at approximately the same time as playback device 610a. Accordingly, for each packet in the playlist 760 shown in FIG. 7, the computing system 640 may select a counterpart media item based on operational data for the playback device 610c and/or media playback system 600b. The counterpart media items may be the same as, or different from, those selected for the playback device 610a. Further, as the local playback position of playback device 610c drifts or otherwise becomes offset from the current playback position maintained by the computing system 640, one or more corrections may be determined, as discussed above.

Turning now to FIG. 8, a flowchart is shown of an example method 800 for maintaining and providing counterpart media items as part of a playlist. The method 800 may be carried out by the computing system 640 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, either alone or in combination with one or more other computing systems, as discussed above. Further, although the computing system 640 in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is generally directed to facilitating playback of one or more internet radio stations, it should be understood that the method 800 may be used in other contexts as well, including various other streaming and non-streaming media contexts.

At block 802, the computing system 640 maintains a playlist of media items, such as the playlist 760 shown in FIG. 7, for playback by one or more playback devices. As noted above, the one or more playback devices may be located in one or more different media playback systems.

At block 804, for a given media item in the playlist, the computing system 640 maintains as part of the playlist a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item. The set of one or more counterpart media items may take various forms, as discussed in various examples above.

At block 806, the computing system 640 receives a request to play back the playlist of media items from a playback device. Further, the computing system 640 receives operational data about the playback device. In some embodiments, as noted above, the computing system 640 may receive the operational data from the playback device 610a in conjunction with the request from the playback device to play back the playlist of media items. In other embodiments, the operational data may be collected and maintained by one or more computing devices, such as one or more of the computing devices 642 shown in FIG. 6. Accordingly, the computing system 640 may receive the operational data from the one or more computing devices 642 when the request is received. Additionally or alternatively, the computing system 640 may request, and then receive, some types of operational data from either or both of the playback device or the computing device(s) 642 in response to receiving the request to play back the playlist.

Further, in some embodiments, certain types of operational data that may affect the selection of counterpart media items may be automatically transmitted to the computing system 640 and/or the one or more computing devices 642 whenever such operational data is updated. For example, a parental control setting to limit explicit content for the playback device 610a might be toggled to an active state. Based on this local update, operational data indicating this setting may be automatically transmitted to the computing system 640 and/or the one or more computing devices 642, where it is stored and can later be used in the selection of counterpart media items, as appropriate. Various other possibilities also exist.

At block 808, based on the received operational data, the computing system 64o selects one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and transmits the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

In some implementations, a playback device that requests playback of the playlist might carry out one or more of the operations noted above, alone or in conjunction with the computing system 640. Accordingly, FIG. 9 is another flowchart of an example method 900 for receiving and playback back a playlist of media items that includes counterpart media items, as discussed herein. The method 900 may be carried out by one or more of the playback devices shown in FIGS. 1-3 and discussed above, including the playback device 610a shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.

At block 902, the playback device 610a requests the playlist of media items for playback from a cloud-based computing system, such as computing system 640.

At block 904, based on the request, the playback device 610a receives the playlist of media items. However, unlike the method 800 and the examples shown in FIG. 7, the playback device 610a may receive, for a given media item in the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item.

At block 906, based on operational data of the playback device 610a, or perhaps the media playback system 600a in which the playback device 610a is operating, the playback device 610a designates one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback from the packet and plays back the designated counterpart media item. Accordingly, the method 900 may allow for the selection of counterpart media items to be made based on local operational data for the playback device 610a or media playback system 600a that is not transmitted to the computing system 640 or one or more computing devices 642, and might not be available to the computing system 640.

Other possibilities and variations also exist, including implementations in which the computing system 640 and the playback device 610a perform one or more of the operations discussed above in combination.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 each includes one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 802-808 and 902-906, respectively. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, some of the blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.

In addition, for the message flow diagrams in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the diagrams show functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by one or more processors for implementing logical functions or blocks in the process.

The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long-term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. In addition, for the processes and methods disclosed herein, each block in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may represent circuitry and/or machinery that is wired or arranged to perform the specific functions in the process.

V. Conclusion

The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices, playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide only some examples of operating environments within which functions and methods described below may be implemented. Other operating environments and configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, and network devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicable and suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

The description above discloses, among other things, various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the only ways) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.

Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of an invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description of embodiments.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible, non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.

Claims

1. A cloud-based computing system comprising: at least one processor;non-transitory computer-readable medium; andprogram instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the cloud-based computing system to be configured to: maintain a playlist of media items for playback by one or more playback devices;for a given media item in the playlist, maintain, as part of the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item;receive, from a playback device over a communication network, (i) a request to play back the playlist of media items and (ii) operational data about the playback device; andbased on the received operational data about the playback device: select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device; andtransmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

2. The cloud-based computing system of claim 1, wherein the program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the computing system to be configured to (i) select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and (ii) transmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback comprise program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the computing system to be configured to (i) select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item and (ii) transmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback instead of the given media item.

3. The cloud-based computing system of claim 2, wherein the given media item comprises a first version of a song that includes an indication of explicit content, wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a second version of the song that does not include an indication of explicit content, and wherein the operational data about the playback device indicates a user preference for non-explicit content.

4. The cloud-based computing system of claim 2, wherein the given media item comprises a studio version of a song, and wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a live version of the song.

5. The cloud-based computing system of claim 2, wherein the selected counterpart media item comprises a playback length that is different from a playback length of the given media item, the cloud-based computing system further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the cloud-based computing system to be configured to: maintain an indication of a current playback position within the playlist of media items;based on the playback length of the selected counterpart media item, determine a temporal offset between a local playback position of the playlist by the playback device and the current playback position;based on the determined temporal offset, determine interstitial content for playback by the playback device between two or more media items from the playlist of media items, wherein the interstitial content, when played back by the playback device, results in a reduction in the temporal offset; andtransmit the interstitial content to the playback device for playback between the two or more media items.

6. The cloud-based computing system of claim 2, wherein the playlist is a first playlist for a first internet radio station, the cloud-based computing system further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the cloud-based computing system to be configured to: maintain a second playlist of media items for a second internet radio station for playback by one or more playback devices; andmaintain a playback history for the playback device across at least the first playlist and the second playlist, wherein the received operational data about the playback device comprises the playback history.

7. The cloud-based computing system of claim 6, further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer-readable medium that are executable by the at least one processor and thereby cause the cloud-based computing system to be configured to: based on the playback history, determine one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time, wherein designating the one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item is based on determining the one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time.

8. The cloud-based computing system of claim 1, wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a consecutive media item to be played directly after the given media item.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is provisioned with program instructions that are executable by at least one processor such that a cloud-based computing system is configured to: maintain a playlist of media items for playback by one or more playback devices;for a given media item in the playlist, maintain, as part of the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item;receive, from a playback device over a communication network, (i) a request to play back the playlist of media items and (ii) operational data about the playback device; andbased on the received operational data about the playback device: select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device; andtransmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the program instructions that are executable by at least one processor such that the cloud-based computing system is configured to (i) select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and (ii) transmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback comprise program instructions that are executable by at least one processor such that the cloud-based computing system is configured to (i) select one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item and (ii) transmit the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback instead of the given media item.

11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the given media item comprises a first version of a song that includes an indication of explicit content, wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a second version of the song that does not include an indication of explicit content, and wherein the operational data about the playback device indicates a user preference for non-explicit content.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the given media item comprises a studio version of a song, and wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a live version of the song.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the selected counterpart media item comprises a playback length that is different from a playback length of the given media item, and wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is also provisioned with program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the cloud-based computing system is configured to: maintain an indication of a current playback position within the playlist of media items;based on the playback length of the selected counterpart media item, determine a temporal offset between a local playback position of the playlist by the playback device and the current playback position;based on the determined temporal offset, determine interstitial content for playback by the playback device between two or more media items from the playlist of media items, wherein the interstitial content, when played back by the playback device, results in a reduction in the temporal offset; andtransmit the interstitial content to the playback device for playback between the two or more media items.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the playlist is a first playlist for a first internet radio station, and wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is also provisioned with program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the cloud-based computing system is configured to: maintain a second playlist of media items for a second internet radio station for playback by one or more playback devices; andmaintain a playback history for the playback device across at least the first playlist and the second playlist, wherein the received operational data about the playback device comprises the playback history.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is also provisioned with program instructions that are executable by the at least one processor such that the playback device is configured to: based on the playback history, determine one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time, wherein designating the one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item is based on determining the one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item comprises a consecutive media item to be played directly after the given media item.

17. A method carried out by a cloud-based computing system, the method comprising: maintaining a playlist of media items for playback by one or more playback devices;for a given media item in the playlist, maintaining, as part of the playlist, a packet that includes the given media item and a set of one or more counterpart media items that each correspond to the given media item;receiving, from a playback device over a communication network, (i) a request to play back the playlist of media items and (ii) operational data about the playback device; andbased on the received operational data about the playback device: selecting one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device; andtransmitting the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein (i) selecting one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device and (ii) transmitting the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback comprises (i) selecting one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item and (ii) transmitting the selected counterpart media item to the playback device for playback instead of the given media item.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the playlist is a first playlist for a first internet radio station, the method further comprising: maintaining a second playlist of media items for a second internet radio station for playback by one or more playback devices; andmaintaining a playback history for the playback device across at least the first playlist and the second playlist, wherein the received operational data about the playback device comprises the playback history.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: based on the playback history, determining one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time, wherein designating the one of the one or more counterpart media items for playback by the playback device instead of the given media item is based on determining the one or more instances of playback of the given media item by the playback device within a threshold period of time.