Patent Application
20230303453
The present disclosure falls within the technical field of preparation of cutting tool materials, and in particular relates to a crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools and a preparation method thereof.
Information of the Related Art part is merely disclosed to increase the understanding of the overall background of the present disclosure, but is not necessarily regarded as acknowledging or suggesting, in any form, that the information constitutes the prior art known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Ceramic cutting tools possess excellent physical and chemical properties based on which they are more suitable for the field of high-speed machining of difficult-to-machine materials when compared with carbide cutting tools. However, due to their greatest disadvantages of great brittleness and sensitivity to crack defects, how to reduce the brittleness has always been focused by researchers. An approach to reduce the brittleness of ceramic materials is to employ a crack self-healing method, which realizes crack self-healing by virtue of the properties of materials during the crack propagation process. At present, materials used as healing agents in the ceramic materials include SiC, MoSi2, MAX phase, TiB2 and h-BN@Al2O3, which have the deficiencies of high temperature of heat treatment, long time, and low recovery rate of flexural strength of the ceramic materials after healing. Nowadays, there is no research on the combination of crack self-healing materials and gradient structure materials, which can slow down crack propagation and can also realize crack self-healing.
For the deficiencies of the prior art, a crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools and a preparation method thereof are provided. The material takes Ti(C7,N3) as a matrix phase, (W7,Ti3)C and TiSi2 as reinforced phases, and Ni and Mo as metal phases, and the proportion of each component is changed in gradient direction. By effectively combining two advantages of the crack self-healing materials and the gradient structure materials, the ceramic materials not only have high mechanical properties and high thermal shock resistance, but also can finish the crack self-healing process at low healing temperature and within short healing time, thereby greatly recovering the flexural strength of the ceramic materials and prolonging the service life of ceramic cutting tools.
To achieve the foregoing objective, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions:
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools, which takes titanium carbonitride as a matrix phase, tungsten-titanium carbide and titanium silicide as enhanced phases, and nickel and molybdenum as metal additive phases; the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools has a symmetrical gradient layered structure, a content of titanium carbonitride increases gradually from a surface layer to a central layer, contents of tungsten-titanium carbide and titanium silicide decrease by 5% gradually from the surface layer to the central layer, and contents of nickel and molybdenum increase gradually from the surface layer to the central layer.
Further, based on the percentage by mass, components of each layer are: 50%-80% of titanium carbonitride, 5%-25% of tungsten-titanium carbide, 0%-20% of titanium silicide, 3%-9% of nickel, and 2%-6% of molybdenum.
Further, the symmetrical gradient layered structure includes 3 layers, 5 layers, or 7 layers.
Further, when the structure includes 3 layers, a thickness of a three-layered gradient layer is determined based on a formula: thickness of surface layer/thickness of secondary surface layer=0.3; when the structure includes 5 layers, a thickness of a five-layered gradient layer is determined based on a formula: thickness of surface layer/thickness of secondary surface layer=thickness of secondary surface layer/thickness of middle layer=0.3; and when the structure includes 7 layers, a thickness of a seven-layered gradient layer is determined based on a formula: thickness of surface layer/thickness of secondary surface layer=thickness of secondary surface layer/thickness of middle layer=thickness of middle layer/thickness of central layer=0.3.
Further, when the structure includes 3 layers, the surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-55 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 25 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 15-20 wt % of titanium silicide, 3 wt % of nickel, and 2 wt % of molybdenum; and the secondary surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5-62.5 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 20 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 10-15 wt % of titanium silicide, 4.5 wt % of nickel, and 3 wt % of molybdenum.
Further, when the structure includes 5 layers, the surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-55 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 25 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 15-20 wt % of titanium silicide, 3 wt % of nickel, and 2 wt % of molybdenum; the secondary surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5-62.5 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 20 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 10-15 wt % of titanium silicide, 4.5 wt % of nickel, and 3 wt % of molybdenum; and the middle layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65-70 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 15 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 5-10 wt % of titanium silicide, 6 wt % of nickel, and 4 wt % of molybdenum.
Further, when the structure includes 7 layers, the surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-55 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 25 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 15-20 wt % of titanium silicide, 3 wt % of nickel, and 2 wt % of molybdenum; the secondary surface layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5-62.5 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 20 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 10-15 wt % of titanium silicide, 4.5 wt % of nickel, and 3 wt % of molybdenum; the middle layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65-70 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 15 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 5-10 wt % of titanium silicide, 6 wt % of nickel, and 4 wt % of molybdenum; and the central layer is composed of following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80 wt % of titanium carbonitride, 5 wt % of tungsten-titanium carbide, 9 wt % of nickel, and 6 wt % of molybdenum.
Further, a particle size of titanium carbonitride is 0.5-1 μm; a particle size of tungsten-titanium carbide is 0.5-1.5 μm; a particle size of titanium silicide is 0.5-1.5 μm; a particle size of nickel is 0.5-1 μm; and a particle size of molybdenum is 0.5-1 μm.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools, which includes:
Further, in steps (1) and (2), absolute ethanol is used as a ball milling medium, and hard-alloy balls are used for ball milling.
Further, a ball milling time in step (1) is 50-72 hours.
Further, a ball milling time in step (2) is 30-50 hours.
Further, in both steps (1) and (2), a 100-mesh sieve is used for sieving.
Further, conditions for vacuum hot-pressing sintering include: heating from 15-25° C. to 950-1050° C. at a heating rate of 20-40° C./min; then, heating to 1350-1550° C. at a heating rate of 15-25° C./min, and a pressure is uniformly increased to 30-34 MPa at the same time; and preserving the heat and pressure for 20-40 min.
Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the significant advantages as follows:
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present disclosure are used for providing a further understanding of the present disclosure. The schematic embodiments and description of the present disclosure are intended to explain the present disclosure, and do not constitute improper restriction to the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide a further description of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present disclosure have the same meanings as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.
A crack self-healing functionally gradient material with a three-layered gradient structure for ceramic cutting tools, in which a surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 25 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 20 wt % of TiSi2, 3 wt % of Ni, and 2 wt % of Mo; and a secondary surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 20 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 15 wt % of TiSi2, 4.5 wt % of Ni, and 3 wt % of Mo.
Absolute ethanol was used as a medium for separately performing ball milling on raw material powder of titanium carbonitride, tungsten-titanium carbide, titanium silicide, nickel, and molybdenum, respectively. A ball milling process was carried out on a roller type ball mill and lasted for 72 hours; then a resulting product was dried in vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C.; and after drying, the product was sieved with a 100-mesh sieve and sieved powder was packaged for later use. Powder used for the surface layer and powder used for the secondary surface layer were weighed, respectively, and then were poured into a mixing barrel, respectively; absolute ethanol was added as the medium to perform ball milling on the ball mill for 48 hours, so as to mix materials in various phases more uniformly; and then, a mixed product was dried at 120° C. in vacuum and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain composite ceramic material powder with good dispersity for each layer, and the powder was packaged for later use. Through a layered powder filling method, the mixed composite ceramic material powder was filled into a graphite mold, and the graphite mold was put into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace to undergo a hot-pressing sintering process with uniform pressurization in a vacuum environment; the powder was heated from 20° C. to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 30° C./min, and then was heated to 1450° C. at a heating rate of 20° C./min, with a pressure uniformly increased to 32 MPa; the heat and pressure were preserved for 30 min; after that, a resulting product underwent water cooling in a furnace to 200° C., and was cooled to 20° C. along with the furnace to obtain the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools. The prepared crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools had a flexural strength of 1020-1103 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 18.7-19.52 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 5.95-6.25 MPa·m1/2.
The crack self-healing ceramic material prepared in this example was cut into a standard test sample strip with a size of 3 mm×4 mm×35 mm, and then the test sample strip was ground, polished and chamfered. In a bending test, a crack with a size of 400-500 μm was prefabricated in a center of a tension surface by using a Vickers hardness indenter. The crack test sample was subjected to heat treatment in a high temperature air furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 800° C., with the heat preserved for 60 min; the crack test sample after heat treatment was subjected to a bending test at room temperature; and after self-healing treatment, the strength of the test sample was improved to 1036.02 MPa from 327.59 MPa under which cracks were produced. It is found that the cracks are basically healed after observing the crack morphology of the materials.
A crack self-healing functionally gradient material with a five-layered gradient structure for ceramic cutting tools, in which a surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 25 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 20 wt % of TiSi2, 3 wt % of Ni, and 2 wt % of Mo; a secondary surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 20 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 15 wt % of TiSi2, 4.5 wt % of Ni, and 3 wt % of Mo; and a middle layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 15 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 10 wt % of TiSi2, 6 wt % of Ni, and 4 wt % of Mo.
Absolute ethanol was used as a medium for separately performing ball milling on raw material powder of titanium carbonitride, tungsten-titanium carbide, titanium silicide, nickel, and molybdenum, respectively. A ball milling process was carried out on a roller type ball mill and lasted for 72 hours; then a resulting product was dried in vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C.; and after drying, the product was sieved with a 100-mesh sieve and sieved powder was packaged for later use. Powder used for the surface layer, powder used for the secondary surface layer, and powder used for the middle layer were weighed, respectively, and then were poured into a mixing barrel, respectively; absolute ethanol was added as the medium to perform ball milling on the ball mill for 48 hours, so as to mix materials in various phases more uniformly; and then, a mixed product was dried at 120° C. in vacuum and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain composite ceramic material powder with good dispersity for each layer, and the powder was packaged for later use. Through a layered powder filling method, the mixed composite ceramic material powder was filled into a graphite mold, and the graphite mold was put into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace to undergo a hot-pressing sintering process with uniform pressurization in a vacuum environment; the powder was heated from 20° C. to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 30° C./min, and then was heated to 1450° C. at a heating rate of 20° C./min, with a pressure uniformly increased to 32 MPa; the heat and pressure were preserved for 30 min; after that, a resulting product underwent water cooling in a furnace to 200° C., and was cooled to 20° C. along with the furnace to obtain the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools. The prepared crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools had a flexural strength of 1274-1357 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 18.95-19.55 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 6.44-6.78 MPa·m1/2.
The crack self-healing ceramic material prepared in this example was cut into a standard test sample strip with a size of 3 mm×4 mm×35 mm, and then the test sample strip was ground, polished and chamfered. In a bending test, a crack with a size of 400-500 μm was prefabricated in a center of a tension surface by using a Vickers hardness indenter. The crack test sample was subjected to heat treatment in a high temperature air furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 800° C., with the heat preserved for 60 min; the crack test sample after heat treatment was subjected to a bending test at room temperature; and after self-healing treatment, the strength of the test sample was improved to 1290.51 MPa from 327.59 MPa under which cracks were produced. It is found that the cracks are basically healed after observing the crack morphology of the materials.
A crack self-healing functionally gradient material with a seven-layered gradient structure for ceramic cutting tools, in which a surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 25 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 20 wt % of TiSi2, 3 wt % of Ni, and 2 wt % of Mo; a secondary surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 20 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 15 wt % of TiSi2, 4.5 wt % of Ni, and 3 wt % of Mo; a middle layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 15 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 10 wt % of TiSi2, 6 wt % of Ni, and 4 wt % of Mo; and a central layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 5 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 9 wt % of Ni, and 6 wt % of Mo.
Absolute ethanol was used as a medium for separately performing ball milling on raw material powder of titanium carbonitride, tungsten-titanium carbide, titanium silicide, nickel, and molybdenum, respectively. A ball milling process was carried out on a roller type ball mill and lasted for 72 hours; then a resulting product was dried in vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C.; and after drying, the product was sieved with a 100-mesh sieve and sieved powder was packaged for later use. Powder used for the surface layer, powder used for the secondary surface layer, powder used for the middle layer, and powder used for the central layer were weighed, respectively, and then were poured into a mixing barrel, respectively; absolute ethanol was added as the medium to perform ball milling on the ball mill for 48 hours, so as to mix materials in various phases more uniformly; and then, a mixed product was dried at 120° C. in vacuum and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain composite ceramic material powder with good dispersity for each layer, and the powder was packaged for later use. Through a layered powder filling method, the mixed composite ceramic material powder was filled into a graphite mold, and the graphite mold was put into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace to undergo a hot-pressing sintering process with uniform pressurization in a vacuum environment; the powder was heated from 20° C. to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 30° C./min, and then was heated to 1450° C. at a heating rate of 20° C./min, with a pressure uniformly increased to 32 MPa; the heat and pressure were preserved for 30 min; after that, a resulting product underwent water cooling in a furnace to 200° C., and was cooled to 20° C. along with the furnace to obtain the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools. The prepared crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools had a flexural strength of 916-956 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 18.67-19.41 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 6.29-6.63 MPa·m1/2.
The crack self-healing ceramic material prepared in this example was cut into a standard test sample strip with a size of 3 mm×4 mm×35 mm, and then the test sample strip was ground, polished and chamfered. In a bending test, a crack with a size of 400-500 μm was prefabricated in a center of a tension surface by using a Vickers hardness indenter. The crack test sample was subjected to heat treatment in a high temperature air furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 800° C., with the heat preserved for 60 min; the crack test sample after heat treatment was subjected to a bending test at room temperature; and after self-healing treatment, the strength of the test sample was improved to 902.3 MPa from 327.59 MPa under which cracks were produced. It is found that the cracks are basically healed after observing the crack morphology of the materials.
A crack self-healing functionally gradient material with a five-layered gradient structure for ceramic cutting tools, in which a surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 25 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 20 wt % of TiSi2, 3 wt % of Ni, and 2 wt % of Mo; a secondary surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 57.5 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 20 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 15 wt % of TiSi2, 4.5 wt % of Ni, and 3 wt % of Mo; and a middle layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 15 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 10 wt % of TiSi2, 6 wt % of Ni, and 4 wt % of Mo.
Absolute ethanol was used as a medium for separately performing ball milling on raw material powder of titanium carbonitride, tungsten-titanium carbide, titanium silicide, nickel, and molybdenum, respectively. A ball milling process was carried out on a roller type ball mill and lasted for 72 hours; then a resulting product was dried in vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C.; and after drying, the product was sieved with a 100-mesh sieve and sieved powder was packaged for later use. Powder used for the surface layer, powder used for the secondary surface layer, and powder used for the middle layer were weighed, respectively, and then were poured into a mixing barrel, respectively; absolute ethanol was added as the medium to perform ball milling on the ball mill for 48 hours, so as to mix materials in various phases more uniformly; and then, a mixed product was dried at 120° C. in vacuum and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain composite ceramic material powder with good dispersity for each layer, and the powder was packaged for later use. Through a layered powder filling method, the mixed composite ceramic material powder was filled into a graphite mold, and the graphite mold was put into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace to undergo a hot-pressing sintering process with uniform pressurization in a vacuum environment; the powder was heated from 20° C. to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 30° C./min, and then was heated to 1450° C. at a heating rate of 20° C./min, with a pressure uniformly increased to 32 MPa; the heat and pressure were preserved for 30 min; after that, a resulting product underwent water cooling in a furnace to 200° C., and was cooled to 20° C. along with the furnace to obtain the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools. The prepared crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools had a flexural strength of 1274-1357 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 18.95-19.55 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 6.44-6.78 MPa·m1/2.
The crack self-healing ceramic material prepared in this example was cut into a standard test sample strip with a size of 3 mm×4 mm×35 mm, and then the test sample strip was ground, polished and chamfered. In a bending test, a crack with a size of 400-500 μm was prefabricated in a center of a tension surface by using a Vickers hardness indenter. The crack test sample was subjected to heat treatment in a vacuum tube furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 800° C., with the heat preserved for 60 min; the crack test sample after heat treatment was subjected to a bending test at room temperature; and after self-healing treatment, the strength of the test sample was improved to 432.17 MPa from 327.59 MPa under which cracks were produced. It is found that only part of the cracks are healed after observing the crack morphology of the materials, and a healing mechanism is element diffusion in the ceramic material.
It can be seen from Comparative Example 1 that when the heat treatment is performed in the vacuum atmosphere, the ceramic material is not oxidized, and therefore, no oxidation products fill the cracks and the self-healing effect of the cracks is relatively poor. Due to the element diffusion in the material for cutting tools, the flexural strength is partially recovered. However, the element diffusion effect is not obvious due to low healing temperature and short heat preservation time, and therefore, only part of flexural strength is improved. Compared with Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the heat treatment atmosphere has a significant influence on the self-healing effect of cracks on this ceramic material, and the ceramic material has a relatively good crack self-healing effect in an oxygen atmosphere.
A crack self-healing functionally gradient material with a five-layered gradient structure for ceramic cutting tools, in which a surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 25 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 20 wt % of TiSi2, 3 wt % of Ni, and 2 wt % of Mo; a secondary surface layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 15 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 10 wt % of TiSi2, 6 wt % of Ni, and 4 wt % of Mo; and a middle layer was composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80 wt % of Ti(C7,N3), 5 wt % of (W7,Ti3)C, 9 wt % of Ni, and 6 wt % of Mo.
Absolute ethanol was used as a medium for separately performing ball milling on raw material powder of titanium carbonitride, tungsten-titanium carbide, titanium silicide, nickel, and molybdenum, respectively. A ball milling process was carried out on a roller type ball mill and lasted for 72 hours; then a resulting product was dried in vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C.; and after drying, the product was sieved with a 100-mesh sieve and sieved powder was packaged for later use. Powder used for the surface layer, powder used for the middle layer, and powder used for the central layer were weighed, respectively, and then were poured into a mixing barrel, respectively; absolute ethanol was added as the medium to perform ball milling on the ball mill for 48 hours, so as to mix materials in various phases more uniformly; and then, a mixed product was dried at 120° C. in vacuum and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain composite ceramic material powder with good dispersity for each layer, and the powder was packaged for later use. Through a layered powder filling method, the mixed composite ceramic material powder was filled into a graphite mold, and the graphite mold was put into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace to undergo a hot-pressing sintering process with uniform pressurization in a vacuum environment; the powder was heated from 20° C. to 1000° C. at a heating rate of 30° C./min, and then was heated to 1450° C. at a heating rate of 20° C./min, with a pressure uniformly increased to 32 MPa; the heat and pressure were preserved for 30 min; after that, a resulting product underwent water cooling in a furnace to 200° C., and was cooled to 20° C. along with the furnace to obtain the crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools. The prepared crack self-healing functionally gradient material for ceramic cutting tools had a flexural strength of 1080-1190 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 18.68-19.42 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 6.29-6.63 MPa·m1/2.
The crack self-healing ceramic material prepared in this example was cut into a standard test sample strip with a size of 3 mm×4 mm×35 mm, and then the test sample strip was ground, polished and chamfered. In a bending test, a crack with a size of 500-600 μm was prefabricated in a center of a tension surface by using a Vickers hardness indenter. The crack test sample was subjected to heat treatment in a high temperature air furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 800° C., with the heat preserved for 60 min; the crack test sample after heat treatment was subjected to a bending test at room temperature; and after self-healing treatment, the strength of the test sample was improved to 782.36 MPa from 327.59 MPa under which cracks were produced. It is found that an area with large cracks is not completely filled for healing by oxidation products after observing the crack morphology of the materials, thereby resulting in low recovery of the material strength. It is also proved that when a crack length exceeds 600 μm, a crack width is relatively wide and oxidation products produced cannot effectively heal the cracks.
It can be seen from Comparative Example 2 that the length of the prefabricated crack exceeds 600 μm and the oxidization products produced are not enough to fill the area with large cracks. Compared with Example 2, it can be concluded that the ceramic material has good crack self-healing performance only if a dosage range is reasonable and the length of cracks is in a specified range.
The ceramic material in the present disclosure will undergo an obvious oxidization reaction in the air in case of high-temperature heat treatment, and TiSi and TiC phases mainly undergo the following chemical reactions during oxidization:
TiSi+2O2→TiO2+SiO2 (1)
2TiC+O2→2TiO+2C (2)
TiO+O2+C→TiO2+CO (3)
The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. A person skilled in the art may make various alterations and variations to the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022102899312 | Mar 2022 | CN | national |
