Patent Grant
8528515
The present application claims priority under 35 USC 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-146382 filed on Jun. 19, 2009 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of Background Art
An internal combustion engine is known that includes a crankcase composed of an upper crankcase half and a lower crankcase half. In this kind of crankcase, the upper crankcase half and the lower crankcase half respectively have an upper journal support wall and a lower journal support wall for cooperatively supporting a crank journal of a crankshaft. The upper journal wall and the lower journal wall are fastened together by a journal bolt mounted from the lower surface of the crankcase. See, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2004-308519.
In the above-mentioned internal combustion engine, lubricating oil (engine oil) is supplied from an oil pump to a cylinder portion, for example, and returned from one lateral side of the crankcase to an oil pan located below the crankcase.
However, in the case that the lubricating oil from the one lateral side of the crankcase is passed through a portion of the crankcase laterally outside of the journal support wall and the journal bolt and returned to the oil pan, the width of the oil pan must be increased to cause an increase in size of the oil pan.
It is accordingly an object of an embodiment of the present invention to provide a crankcase of an internal combustion engine which can reduce the size of an oil pan.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a crankcase of an internal combustion engine that includes an upper crankcase half and a lower crankcase half, the upper crankcase half and the lower crankcase half respectively having an upper journal support wall and a lower journal support wall for cooperatively supporting a crank journal of a crankshaft with the upper journal support wall and the lower journal support wall being fastened together by a journal bolt mounted from the lower side of the crankcase. A wall portion for defining a space as a flow passage for a lubricating oil is formed below a journal bolt mounting surface of the lower crankcase half for mounting the journal bolt. A tool insertion hole for insertion of a tool for tightening the journal bolt is formed through the wall portion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wall portion for defining the space as a lubricating oil passage is formed below the journal bolt mounting surface of the lower crankcase half, and the tool insertion hole for insertion of the tool for tightening the journal bolt is formed through the wall portion. Accordingly, the journal bolt can be mounted from the lower side of the crankcase, and the lubricating oil passage can be formed below the journal bolt mounting surface. This lubricating oil passage is located laterally inside of one side surface of the crankcase, so that the width of an oil pan to which the oil from the lubricating oil passage is returned can be reduced to thereby reduce the size of the oil pan. As a result, an increase in weight due to an increase in size of the oil pan can be prevented.
Further, since the lubricating oil passage is formed below the journal bolt mounting surface, it is possible to prevent an increase in friction due to the case that the lubricating oil passage bypasses the journal support wall and the journal bolt.
The wall portion may be located laterally outside of an oil pan of the internal combustion engine and the wall portion is formed with an exit oil passage for discharging the lubricating oil from the space toward the oil pan. With this configuration, the lubricating oil from the space defined by the wall portion can be smoothly returned through the exit oil passage toward the oil pan.
In addition, the space defined by the wall portion may open to one lateral side of the lower crankcase half, a side cover may be connected to the one lateral side of the lower crankcase half and the lubricating oil may be returned from the side cover flows into the space through its side opening. With this configuration, the size of the oil pan can be sufficiently reduced in relation to the configuration for returning the lubricating oil from the side cover to the oil pan.
Further, the wall portion may include a detachable oil filter. With this configuration, the journal bolt can be mounted from the lower side of the crankcase, and the lubricating oil passage may be formed below the journal bolt mounting surface. Furthermore, the tool insertion hole below the journal bolt mounting surface can be closed by the oil filter. Accordingly, the lubricating oil passage passing through the oil filter can be formed without bypassing the journal support wall and the journal bolt. As a result, a friction can be reduced and it is unnecessary to avoid the mounting position of the journal bolt in mounting the oil filter.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wall portion for defining the space as a lubricating oil passage is formed below the journal bolt mounting surface of the lower crankcase half, and the tool insertion hole for insertion of the tool for tightening the journal bolt is formed through the wall portion. Accordingly, the oil pan to which the oil from the space is returned can be reduced in size.
Further, the wall portion is located laterally outside of the oil pan, and the wall portion is formed with the exit oil passage for discharging the lubricating oil from the space toward the oil pan. Accordingly, the lubricating oil from the space can be smoothly returned through the exit oil passage toward the oil pan.
Further, the space defined by the wall portion opens to one lateral side of the lower crankcase half, and the side cover is connected to the one lateral side of the lower crankcase half, wherein the lubricating oil returned from the side cover flows into the space through its side opening. Accordingly, the size of the oil pan can be sufficiently reduced in relation to the configuration for returning the lubricating oil from the side cover to the oil pan.
Further, the wall portion includes the detachable oil filter. Accordingly, the lubricating oil passage passing through the oil filter can be formed without bypassing the journal support wall and the journal bolt. As a result, friction can be reduced and it is unnecessary to avoid the mounting position of the journal bolt in mounting the oil filter.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawings.
In the following description, the terms in relation to directions, such as front, rear, right, left, upper, and lower are the same as those with respect to a vehicle to which the present invention is applied unless otherwise specified. Further, in the drawings, the arrow Fr denotes the front side of the vehicle, the arrow R denotes the right side of the vehicle, and the arrow Up denotes the upper side of the vehicle.
The engine (which is referred to also as an internal combustion engine) 1 is a water-cooled, four-stroke, V-type, four-cylinder engine. For example, the engine 1 is mounted on a vehicle body of a motorcycle as a prime mover thereof in such a manner that the rotation center C1 of a crankshaft 2 extends in a direction (lateral direction) perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle.
The engine 1 has a crankcase 3. A front bank 4 is provided at a front upper portion of the crankcase 3 so as to be inclined to the front side of the vehicle, and a rear bank 5 is provided just behind the front bank 4 so as to be inclined to the rear side of the vehicle. The crankshaft 2 is provided in a front portion of the crankcase 3, and a transmission (not shown) is accommodated in a rear portion of the crankcase 3.
A plurality of intake pipe mounting portions 8 connected to a throttle body (not shown) are provided on the rear surface of the front bank 4 and on the front surface of the rear bank 5. A plurality of exhaust pipe mounting portions 9 connected to an exhaust pipe (not shown) are provided on the front surface of the front bank 4 and on the rear surface of the rear bank 5. An oil pan 10 is mounted on the lower side of the crankcase 3.
Each of the front and rear banks 4 and 5 includes a cylinder body 12 formed integrally with the front upper portion of the crankcase 3, a cylinder head 13 mounted on the upper end of the cylinder body 12, and a head cover 14 mounted on the upper end of the cylinder head 13. Further, a piston 16 is reciprocatably fitted in a cylinder bore (not shown) formed in each cylinder body 12.
In
A connecting rod 17 is pivotably connected at its small end to each piston 16 (see
The crankshaft 2 has the pair of left and right crankpins 18 and 19. The two connecting rods 17 in the left two cylinders of the front and rear banks 4 and 5 are connected to the left crankpin 18, and the two connecting rods 17 in the right two cylinders of the front and rear banks 4 and 5 are connected to the right crankpin 19. Further, a generator 20 is coaxially provided at the left end of the crankshaft 2. The generator 20 is covered with a crankcase side cover (which is referred to also as a generator cover) 21L connected to the left side of the crankcase 3.
Each cylinder head 13 (see
The stem (shaft portion) of each intake valve 24 and the stem of each exhaust valve 25 extend toward the upper end of each cylinder head 13 so as to form a V-shape as viewed in side elevation. The upper end of the stem of each intake valve 24 is in sliding contact with each cam of an intake camshaft 26 through a valve lifter (not shown). Similarly, the upper end of the stem of each exhaust valve 25 is in sliding contact with each cam of an exhaust camshaft 27 through a valve lifter (not shown). These camshafts 26 and 27 extend parallel to the crankshaft 2 (in the lateral direction of the vehicle). The rotation of the camshafts 26 and 27 causes the reciprocation of the valves 24 and 25 along their stems, thereby operatively closing the openings of the intake and exhaust ports exposed to the combustion chambers. A valve operating mechanism including these valves 24 and 25 and the camshafts 26 and 27 as main components is accommodated in a valve operating chamber formed by the cylinder head 13 and the head cover 14 in each of the front and rear banks 4 and 5.
A cam gear train mechanism (which is referred to also as a gear type timing mechanism) 29 is provided on the right side of the front and rear banks 4 and 5. The camshafts 26 and 27 cooperate with the crankshaft 2 through the cam gear train mechanism 29 to thereby operate the intake and exhaust valves 24 and 25. The cam gear train mechanism 29 is accommodated in a gear train chamber (timing chamber) 32 formed in each right portion of the front and rear banks 4 and 5. Each gear train chamber 32 functions also as a return passage for engine oil (lubricating oil) supplied to each valve operating chamber.
As shown in
The left crankpin 18 is supported through a pair of left crank webs (crank arms) 39 between the left and central crank journals 33 and 34. Similarly, the right crankpin 19 is supported through a pair of right crank webs 40 between the central and right crank journals 34 and 35.
A primary drive gear 41 is coaxially provided on a right end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the right side of the right journal 35, and a cam drive gear 44 is coaxially provided on the right end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the right side of the primary drive gear 41. Further, a pulser rotor 42 is coaxially provided on the right end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the right side of the cam drive gear 44.
The cam drive gear 44 constitutes a part of the cam gear train mechanism 29. As shown in
Thus, the second gear 45, the third gears 46, and the fourth gears 47 constitute idle gears for transmitting the rotational drive force from the cam drive gear 44 to the cam driven gears 48 and 49 in the front and rear banks 4 and 5. Accordingly, the rotation of the cam drive gear 44 rotating with the crankshaft 2 is accurately transmitted through the plurality of idle gears 45, 46, and 47 to the camshafts 26 and 27 in the front and rear banks 4 and 5.
In the cam gear train mechanism 29, the camshafts 26 and 27 are rotated 360° by 720° rotating the crankshaft 2 (i.e., the cam drive gear 44), and the ratio in number of gear teeth between the cam drive gear 44 and the second gear (idle gear) 45 is set to 1:2, thereby obtaining the above rotational speed ratio.
As shown in
The outer side (right side) of the cylindrical portion 53 in the lateral direction of the engine 1 is covered with a crankcase side cover 21R connected to the right side of the crankcase 3.
That is, the engine 1 has such a configuration that the left and right crankcase side covers 21L and 21R are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the crankcase 3.
A left balancer drive gear 54 is coaxially provided on the left end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the left side of the left crank journal 33. The left balancer drive gear 54 functions as a drive gear for driving a left balancer (not shown) provided in a front left portion of the crankcase 3.
The left end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the left side of the left balancer drive gear 54 is formed as a tapered portion 55 tapered toward the left end of the crankshaft 2. For example, an outer rotor of the generator 20 is fixedly engaged with the tapered portion 55. An externally threaded portion 56 is formed at the left end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the left side of the tapered portion 55. The externally threaded portion 56 is adapted to threadly engage a nut for fixing the generator 20. Further, a cylindrical portion 57 smaller in diameter than the externally threaded portion 56 is formed at the left end portion of the crankshaft 2 adjacent to the externally threaded portion 56.
As shown in
A primary driven gear 62 having a relatively large diameter is coaxially provided on a right end portion of the main shaft 59 so as to be rotatable relative to the main shaft 59. The primary driven gear 62 is in mesh with the primary drive gear 41 (see
The primary drive gear 41 functions also as a drive gear for driving a right balancer (not shown) provided in a front right portion of the crankcase 3.
An oil pump 68 for feeding the engine oil to oil passages (lubricating oil passages) in the engine 1 is provided in a lower portion of the crankcase 3. The oil pump 68 is operatively connected through a chain to a pump drive sprocket (not shown) coaxially fixed to the main shaft 59, so that the oil pump 68 is operated by the rotation of the crankshaft 2. An oil strainer 70 extends downwardly from the lower portion of the oil pump 68 toward the oil pan 10. Further, a discharge passage 71 extends from the front portion of the oil pump 68 toward an oil filter 69 provided on the front side of the lower portion of the crankcase 3. In the following description, the engine oil will be referred to simply as oil.
During operation of the engine 1, the oil pump 68 is operated to suck the oil stored in the oil pan 10 through the oil strainer 70. The oil is next discharged through the discharge passage 71 to the oil filter 69 and next fed to various portions to be lubricated in the engine 1. The oil used for lubrication in the engine 1 is returned to the oil pan 10 and fed again by the oil pump 68, thus circulating in the engine 1.
The oil passages 82 and 83 extend in the left and right side walls of the crankcase 3, i.e., in the left and right crankcase side covers 21L and 21R to form tunnel-shaped passages, which are connected to left and right shaft end oil chambers 84 and 85 adjacent to the left and right ends of the crankshaft 2.
The entrance oil passage 82 has a horizontal passage 86 extending below the crankshaft 2 over substantially the same length thereof in the lateral direction of the vehicle and a pair of vertical passages 87 extending upwardly from the opposite ends of the horizontal passage 86. That is, the entrance oil passage 82 has a substantially U-shaped configuration opening to the upper side as viewed in
The exit oil passage 83 has a horizontal passage 89 extending above the crankshaft 2 (between the lower end portions of the front and rear banks 4 and 5) over substantially the same length thereof in the lateral direction of the vehicle and a pair of vertical passages 90 extending downwardly from the opposite ends of the horizontal passage 89. That is, the exit oil passage 83 has a substantially inverted U-shaped configuration opening to the lower side as viewed in
Left, central, and right bearing oil passages 91, 92, and 93 respectively extend from left, central, and right portions of the horizontal passage 89 of the exit oil passage 83 toward the left, central, and right upper journal support walls 110. Further, a pair of front and rear bank oil passages 94 and 95 extend upwardly from the right portion of the horizontal passage 89 of the exit oil passage 83 along the front and rear banks 4 and 5, respectively.
When the oil pump 68 is operated during running of the engine 1, the oil is first fed into the entrance oil passage 82 and once supplied into the shaft end oil chambers 84 and 85. Thereafter, the oil is supplied through left and right axial oil passages 101 and 105 to the left and right crankpins 18 and 19, respectively, and also supplied through the exit oil passage 83 and the bearing oil passages 91, 92, and 93 to the metal bearings 36a, 37a, and 38a, respectively.
Further, a part of the oil in the exit oil passage 83 is supplied through the front and rear bank oil passages 94 and 95 to the valve operating chambers in the front and rear banks 4 and 5, respectively.
The left axial oil passage 101 is formed in the left portion of the crankshaft 2 so as to extend in the axial direction thereof. The left end of the left axial oil passage 101 is connected to the left shaft end oil chamber 84, and the right end portion of the left axial oil chamber 101 is connected through oil passages 103 and 104 to the left crankpin 18, thereby supplying the oil to the sliding surfaces of the left connecting rods 17.
Similarly, the right axial oil passage 105 is formed in the right portion of the crankshaft 2 so as to extend in the axial direction thereof. The right end of the right axial oil passage 105 is connected to the right shaft end oil chamber 85, and the left end portion of the right axial oil passage 105 is connected through oil passages 107 and 108 to the right crankpin 19, thereby supplying the oil to the sliding surfaces of the right connecting rods 17.
The crankcase 3 is composed of a pair of upper and lower cases that can be separated from each other. That is, the crankcase 3 is composed of an upper crankcase half 111 as the upper case and a lower crankcase half 121 as the lower case. The upper crankcase half 111 has the upper journal support walls 110 for supporting the upper halves of the crank journals 33, 34, and 35 of the crankshaft 2. Similarly, the lower crankcase half 121 has the lower journal support walls 120 for supporting the lower halves of the crank journals 33, 34, and 35 of the crankshaft 2.
In
While the upper and lower journal support walls 110 and 120 corresponding to the left crank journal 33 are fastened together by using the journal bolts 131 and 132, the other upper and lower journal support walls 110 and 120 corresponding to the other crank journals 34 and 35 are also fastened together by using similar journal bolts 131 and 132.
That is, the three pairs of upper journal support walls 110 and lower journal support walls 120 for respectively supporting the three crank journals 33, 34, and 35 of the crankshaft 2 are formed between the upper crankcase half 111 and the lower crankcase half 121 so as to be spaced in the lateral direction of the engine 1 (i.e., in the lateral direction of the vehicle).
Further, as shown in
After the oil lubricates a required portion of the engine 1 (e.g., a cylinder portion (i.e., the front and rear banks 4 and 5 in this preferred embodiment)), the oil is passed through a return oil passage (not shown) formed in the left crankcase side cover 21L (see
In this case, if the oil from the crankcase side cover 21L is returned through the laterally outer side of the journal support walls 110 and 120 and the journal bolts 131 and 132 to the oil pan 10, so as to avoid interference with the journal support walls 110 and 120 and the journal bolts 131 and 132, the width of the oil pan 10 must be increased to cause an increase in size of the oil pan 10.
To cope with this problem, as shown in
The wall portion 140 will now be described in more detail.
As shown in
The wall portion 140 has a bottom wall 141 (see
The wall portion 140 is formed integrally with the lower crankcase half 121 in forming the lower crankcase half 121 by casting. As viewed in side elevation of the engine 1, the wall portion 140 is formed at a position above the oil filter 69 (see
As viewed in left side elevation of the lower crankcase half 121 as shown in
In other words, the end surface of the front wall 121A and the bottom wall 141 functions as a mating surface M1 (see
As shown in
The through hole 143 is located laterally inside of the mating surface M1 for the crankcase side cover 21L, and communicates with the space X and a space Y leading to the oil pan 10.
Accordingly, the return oil from the crankcase side cover 21L is introduced into the space X formed laterally inside of the mating surface M1 for the crankcase side cover 21L. Thereafter, the oil is returned from the space X through the through hole 143 formed laterally inside of the mating surface M1 to the oil pan 10.
In this case, the oil can be returned from the crankcase side cover 21L to the oil pan 10 without passing a portion laterally outside of the journal support walls 110 and 120 and the journal bolts 131 and 132. That is, the oil pan 10 can be located laterally inside of the space X.
Accordingly, the oil pan 10 can be located laterally inside of the mating surface M1 for the crankcase side cover 21L, so that the width of the oil pan 10 can be reduced.
In
As shown in
Further, a plug (not shown) is normally fitted in the cylindrical portion 145A (in any cases other than the case of disassembling the engine 1), thereby closing the tool insertion hole 145. For example, by forming internal threads in the cylindrical portion 145A, various general-purpose screw parts may be used as the above-mentioned plug.
As shown in
The vertical wall 142 extends in the longitudinal direction of the engine 1 at a position laterally inside of the cylindrical portion 145A in the vicinity thereof, and the front end of the vertical wall 142 reaches the front wall 121A of the lower crankcase half 121.
Accordingly, the length of the space X in the longitudinal direction of the engine 1 can be made relatively large and the volume of the space X can therefore be enlarged.
Further, as shown in
As described above, the space X ranges from the front wall 121A of the lower crankcase half 121 to the rear side of the cylindrical portion 145A in the longitudinal direction of the engine 1. Accordingly, the space X elongated in the longitudinal direction of the engine 1 can be formed without changing the longitudinal size of the lower crankcase half 121, thereby enlarging the volume of the space X.
Due to such a large volume of the space X, the momentum of the return oil flowing from the crankcase side cover 21L can be suppressed in the space X. Accordingly, the space X functions as a buffer for the return oil and it is also expected to have an effect of eliminating bubbles produced in the return oil.
As described above, the wall portion 140 for defining the space X as a flow passage for the return oil is formed below the journal bolt mounting surface 125 of the lower crankcase half 121, and the tool insertion hole 145 for insertion of a tool for tightening the journal bolt 131 is formed through the wall portion 140. Accordingly, the journal bolt 131 can be tightened from the lower side of the crankcase 3, and a return oil passage can be formed below the journal bolt mounting surface 125. This return oil passage is located laterally inside of the mating surface M1 for the crankcase side cover 21L, so that the width of the oil pan 10 in the lateral direction of the engine 1 can be reduced.
Further, as shown in
As described above, the return oil passage (return passage for the lubricating oil) is formed below the journal bolt mounting surface 125. That is, the return oil passage can be formed without passing through the laterally outer side of the journal support walls 110 and 120 and the journal bolts 131 and 132. Accordingly, an increase in friction due to such bypassing can be prevented.
Thus, it is possible to prevent an increase in friction due to formation of a bypass oil passage, and it is also possible to prevent an increase in weight due to an increase in size of the oil pan 10.
Further, the return oil passage can be formed by utilizing a dead space below the journal bolt mounting surface 125. That is, the dead space can be effectively utilized. Further, it is unnecessary to increase the width of the lower crankcase half 121 in forming the return oil passage, so that an increase in width of the crankcase 3 can be prevented. Accordingly, the wall portion 140 for defining the space X as the return oil passage can be easily added to an existing lower crankcase half without such a wall portion 140 by design change.
As described above, the tool insertion hole 145 for insertion of the tool for tightening the journal bolt 131 is formed through the wall portion 140, and the tool insertion hole 145 is closed by a plug. Accordingly, a closing structure for the tool insertion hole 145 is simple, so that an increase in cost therefore can be minimized.
Further, the wall portion 140 is located laterally outside of the oil pan 10 of the engine (see
As described above, the wall portion 140 defines the space X opening to the left side of the lower crankcase half 121, and the return oil from the crankcase side cover 21L connected to the left side of the lower crankcase half 121 flows into the space X through its left side opening. Accordingly, the size of the oil pan 10 can be sufficiently reduced in relation to the configuration for returning the oil from the crankcase side cover 21L to the oil pan 10.
As shown in
The wall portion 150 formed below the bolt insertion hole 122B defines a discharge oil space Z through which the discharge oil fed from the oil pump 68 is adapted to flow. As shown in
As shown in
Thus, the discharge oil passage (discharge passage for the lubricating oil) is also formed by utilizing a dead space below the journal bolt mounting surface 125 on the right side of the engine 1. That is, as described above, the return oil passage is formed by utilizing the dead space below the journal bolt mounting surface 125 on the left side of the engine 1. Accordingly, the oil pan 10 can be shifted in position from the space X toward the rear side, thereby reducing the length of the oil pan 10 in the longitudinal direction of the engine 1. Since the oil pan 10 is shifted in position toward the rear side, a dead space is also formed below the right journal bolt mounting surface 125 on the front side of the oil pan 10, and this dead space is utilized to form the discharge oil passage.
Accordingly, the discharge oil passage passing through the oil filter 69 can be formed without bypassing the journal support walls 110 and 120 and the journal bolts 131 and 132. As a result, a friction can be reduced and it is unnecessary to avoid the mounting position of the journal bolt 131 in mounting the oil filter 69. Accordingly, the flexibility to layout and shape of the oil filter 69 can be improved.
As shown in
As shown in
In
Having thus described a specific preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to this preferred embodiment. For example, while the present invention is applied to a water-cooled, four-stroke, V-type, four-cylinder engine in this preferred embodiment, the present invention may be applied to any other types of internal combustion engines.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-146382 | Jun 2009 | JP | national |
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| 6616836 | Covington | Sep 2003 | B1 |
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| 20070199524 | Nagahashi et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20100006057 | Mendler | Jan 2010 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100319649 A1 | Dec 2010 | US |
