The present invention relates generally to crankshafts for internal combustion engines, and more specifically to such crankshafts for opposed piston engines and/or opposed piston, opposed cylinder engines.
Examples of conventional built-up crankshafts for internal combustion engines are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 7,469,664 and in U.S. Pat. No. 1,286,852. Such built-up crankshafts may implement fork-and-blade connecting rods, such as shown in FIG. 16 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,469,664. Such an arrangement allows two connecting rods to couple to a single journal, with the forked connecting rod and the blade connecting rod each wrapped around the entire circumference of the journal.
U.S. Patent Pub. No 2012/0207415 A1 and U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2012/0247419 A1 both disclose OPOC engines in which some of the connecting rods, e.g., so-called pushrods, are primarily in compression and others of the connecting rods, e.g., so-called pullrods, are primarily in tension, either of which means that the forces that such connecting rods impose on the journals of a crankshaft are primarily in unidirectional. Both publications disclose a unitary crankshaft and two opposing connecting rods coupled to the same bearing, with each of connecting rods engaging with a corresponding journal of the crankshaft over only a portion of the circumference.
The present invention may comprise one or more of the features recited in the attached claims, and/or one or more of the following features and combinations thereof. In one aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web portion defining an inner opening and defining an undercut proximate the inner opening, a second web portion defining an inner opening and defining an undercut proximate the inner opening and an inner bearing portion that engages with the inner opening of the first web portion and with the inner opening of the second web portion, a first pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, and a second pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft ends of the first and second pushrods each having a concave surface placed over different portions of the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft ends of the first and second pushrods each having shoulders adjacent the concave surface thereof that engages with the undercuts of the first and second web portions.
In another aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first portion defining an opening, a second portion, and a cylindrical member that couples the first portion to the second portion with the cylindrical member engaging with the opening of the first portion, and first and second connecting rods each having a piston end and a crankshaft end with the crankshaft end having a concave surface and two shoulders adjacent the concave surface and with the concave surfaces of the first and second connecting rods placed over the cylindrical member, the concave surfaces of each of the connecting rods each engaging with the cylindrical member over fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of cylindrical member.
In a further aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web portion defining an inner opening, a second web portion defining an inner opening, and an inner bearing portion that engages with the inner opening of the first web portion and with the inner opening of the second web portion, a first pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, a second pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft end of the first pushrod having a concave surface placed over the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft end of the second pushrod having a concave surface placed over the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft end of the first pushrod having shoulders adjacent the concave surface, the crankshaft end of the second pushrod having shoulders adjacent the concave surface, a first retention ring containing engaging with a first shoulder of the first pushrod and a first shoulder of the second pushrod, and a second retention ring engaging with a second should of the first pushrod and a second shoulder of the second pushrod.
In yet another aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web, a second web, and a journal coupled between the first web and the second web, a first connecting rod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, and a second connecting rod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft ends of the first and second connecting rods each having a concave surface placed over the journal, the crankshaft ends of the first and second connecting rods each having two shoulders adjacent the concave surface, and a retention ring formed by separating a portion of the first web proximate the journal from the crankshaft is slid over a first of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a first of the shoulders of the second connecting rod.
In still another aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a cylinder having a first piston and a second piston disposed therein with the pistons arranged in an opposed arrangement, and a built-up crankshaft disposed on one end of the cylinder, the built-up crankshaft having a first outer piece having a first main bearing journal and a first outer journal, a second outer piece having a second main bearing journal and a second outer journal, an inner journal, a first web defining a first outer opening into which the first outer journal is inserted and a first inner opening orifice into which a first end of the inner journal is inserted, and a second web defining a second outer opening into which the second outer journal is inserted and a second inner opening into which a second end of the inner journal, opposite the first end if the inner journal, is inserted, a pushrod coupled between the first piston and the inner journal, a first pullrod coupled between the second piston and the first outer journal, and a second pullrod coupled between the second piston and the second outer journal, wherein at least one of a crankshaft end of the pushrod is continuous and surrounds the inner journal, a crankshaft end of the first pullrod is continuous and surrounds the first outer journal and the second pullrod is continuous and surrounds the second outer journal.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to a number of illustrative embodiments shown in the attached drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same.
A built-up crankshaft 10, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, is shown in exploded view in
Cylindrical bearings 22 and 26 can be slipped onto outer bearing journals 36 and 70, respectively. To build up the crankshaft, outer bearing journal 36 engages with outer opening 50 via press fit. In alternative embodiments, a key and keyway are provided for alignment purposes and to avoid relative rotation. Any suitable coupling configuration may alternatively be used. Similarly, outer bearing journal 70 is press fit into outer opening 62 of second web portion 18. Also, inner bearing portion 16 is press fit into inner opening 52 of first web portion 14 and press fit into inner opening 60 of second web portion 18. Outer bearing journals 36 and 70 and inner bearing portion 16 are hollow for at least a portion of their length in the illustrated embodiment as represented by 38 in
A view of a portion of crankshaft 10 and two pushrods 110 which couple thereto are shown in an exploded view in
In
Referring now to
Continuing to refer to
A cross section of the assembled crankshaft with the pullrods and pushrods is shown in
When crankshaft 10 rotates around axis 116, outer bearing 22 rotates between outer bearing journal 36 and pullrods 100. It is a fully-floating bearing that rotates at a speed less than crankshaft speed. In other embodiments, the bearing is pinned to one of two pullrods 100 or to crankshaft 10. In yet another embodiment, no outer bearing is provided. Instead, the concave surfaces of pullrods 100 bear directly on outer bearing journal 36.
A view of the cranktrain 8 of an opposed-piston, opposed-cylinder engine, including the crankshaft 10 illustrated in
Lubrication passages are illustrated in a cross-sectional view of crankshaft 10 in
A passage 150 passes through second main bearing portion 20, second web portion 18, and inner bearing portion 16. Flow through passage 150 is provided via an intersection 152. Passage 150 is machined from an outer surface of second main bearing portion 20. Passage 150 has a plug 158 near the outer surface of second main bearing portion 20 to ensure that lubricant flows to the bearings instead of leaking out of the opening. A through hole (not shown) in inner bearing portion 16 intersects with passage 150 to provide lubricant to a bearing surface 80 of inner bearing portion 16.
The drilling locations for the lubrication passages in
Referring to
An alternative embodiment of a crankshaft 200 is shown in
Continuing to refer to
In
Another alternative crankshaft embodiment is shown in
Referring now to
The embodiment illustrated in
Yet another alternative embodiment of a built-up crankshaft 500 compatible with employing a common bearing is shown in
Assembly of the crankshaft portions 502, 504, 506, 508, and 510 are aided by the openings in the mating part having a positive stop. The embodiment in
Another aid for assembly is shown in
A cranktrain 600 of a shorter alternative to that shown in
An exploded view of crankshaft 640 is shown in
In
A block diagram of the engine is shown in
In
In a first example aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web portion defining an inner opening and defining an undercut proximate the inner opening, a second web portion defining an inner opening and defining an undercut proximate the inner opening and an inner bearing portion that engages with the inner opening of the first web portion and with the inner opening of the second web portion, a first pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, and a second pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft ends of the first and second pushrods each having a concave surface placed over different portions of the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft ends of the first and second pushrods each having shoulders adjacent the concave surface thereof that engages with the undercuts of the first and second web portions.
A second example aspect includes the subject matter of the first example aspect and wherein each of the concave surfaces of the first and second pushrods extends circumferentially on the inner bearing portion over fewer than 170 degrees.
A third example aspect includes the subject matter of the first example aspect and further comprises an inner, cylindrical bearing located radially on the inner bearing portion between the inner bearing portion and concave surface of the crankshaft ends of the first and second pushrods and located axially between the first and second web portions.
A fourth example aspect includes the subject matter of the first example aspect and wherein the first web portion further defines an outer opening and the second web portion further defines an outer opening, and the engine may further comprise a first main bearing portion having a main bearing journal, a flange, a counterweight, and an outer bearing journal, and a second main bearing portion having a main bearing journal, a flange, a counterweight, and an outer bearing journal, the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion engaging with the outer opening of the first web portion, and the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion engaging with the outer opening of the second web portion.
A fifth example aspect includes the subject matter of the fourth example aspect and may further comprise a first outer bearing placed onto the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, a second outer bearing placed onto the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, and first, second, third, and fourth pullrods each having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft end having a concave surface and two shoulders proximate the concave surface, the concave surfaces of the first and second pullrods placed over an outer surface of the first outer bearing each concave surface covering fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of the first outer bearing, and the concave surfaces of the third and fourth pullrods placed over an outer surface of the second outer bearing each concave surface covering fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of the second outer bearing.
A sixth example aspect includes the subject matter of the fifth example aspect and may further comprise a first retention ring engaging with a first of the shoulders of the first pullrod and a first of the shoulders of the second pullrod, a second retention ring engaging with a second of the shoulders of the first pullrod and a second of the shoulders of the second pullrod, a third retention ring engaging with a first of the shoulders of the third pullrod and a first of the shoulders of the fourth pullrod, and a fourth retention ring engaging with a second of the shoulders of the third pullrod and a second of the shoulders of the fourth pullrod.
A seventh example aspect includes the subject matter of the fourth example aspect and may further comprise first, second, third, and fourth pullrods each having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft end having a concave surface and two shoulders proximate the concave surface, the concave surfaces of the first and second pullrods placed over the outer bearing journal associated with the first main bearing portion, the concave surfaces of the third and fourth pullrods placed over the outer bearing journal associated with the second main bearing portion, and each concave surface of the first, second, third, and fourth pullrods engage with fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of its associated outer bearing journal.
An eighth example aspect includes the subject matter of the fourth example aspect and wherein a first lubrication passage is defined in the first main bearing portion extending from the flange of the first main bearing portion to the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, a second lubrication passage is defined in the main bearing journal of the first main bearing portion and has an outlet on a surface of the main bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, the second lubrication passage intersecting the first lubrication passage, a third lubrication passage is defined in the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion and has an outlet on a surface of the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, the third lubrication passage intersecting the first lubrication passage, a fourth lubrication passage is defined in the second main bearing portion extending from the flange of the second main bearing portion to the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, a fifth lubrication passage is defined in the main bearing journal of the second main bearing portion and has an outlet on a surface of the main bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, the fifth lubrication passage intersecting the third lubrication passage, and a sixth lubrication passage is defined in the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion and has an outlet on a surface of the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, the sixth lubrication passage intersecting the fourth lubrication passage.
A ninth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eighth example aspect and wherein a seventh lubrication passage is defined in the crankshaft and extends from a surface of the second main bearing portion through the second web portion and into the inner bearing portion, and an eighth lubrication passage is defined in the inner bearing portion and has an outlet on a surface of the inner bearing portion, the seventh lubrication passage intersecting the fourth and eighth lubrication passages, and wherein the engine further comprises a plug in the seventh lubrication passage proximate the surface of the second main bearing portion.
A tenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eighth example aspect and wherein a seventh lubrication passage is defined in the crankshaft and extends from a surface of the inner bearing portion through the first web portion and into the first main bearing portion, an eighth lubrication passage is defined in the crankshaft and extends from the surface of the inner bearing portion through the second web portion and into the second main bearing portion, and a ninth lubrication passage extends from one of the seventh and the eighth lubrication passages to the surface of the inner bearing portion, the seventh lubrication passage intersecting with the first, eighth, and ninth lubrication passages and the eighth lubrication passage intersecting with the fourth and ninth lubrication passages.
In an eleventh example aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first portion defining an opening, a second portion, and a cylindrical member that couples the first portion to the second portion with the cylindrical member engaging with the opening of the first portion, and first and second connecting rods each having a piston end and a crankshaft end with the crankshaft end having a concave surface and two shoulders adjacent the concave surface and with the concave surfaces of the first and second connecting rods placed over the cylindrical member, the concave surfaces of each of the connecting rods each engaging with the cylindrical member over fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of cylindrical member.
A twelfth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh aspect and may further comprise a first retention ring engaging with a first of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a first of the shoulders of the second connecting rod, and a second retention ring engaging with a second of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a second of the shoulders of the second connecting rod.
A thirteenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the first portion has an undercut proximate the opening, the second portion has an undercut proximate the location where the cylindrical member couples to the second portion, the first shoulder of the first connecting rod and the first shoulder of the second connecting rod engage with the undercut of the first portion, and the second shoulder of the first connecting rod and the second shoulder of the second connecting rod engage with the undercut of the second portion.
A fourteenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the first portion is a first web portion, the second portion is a first main bearing portion, the connecting rods are pullrods which are primarily in tension during operation of the engine, and the cylindrical member is integrally formed with the first main bearing portion, and wherein the engine further comprises a second web portion defining an opening, a second main bearing portion having a cylindrical member that engages with the opening on the second web portion, a cylindrical inner bearing portion that couples between the first and second web portions, and third and fourth pullrods each having a piston end and a crankshaft end, wherein the crankshaft end has a concave surface and two shoulders adjacent the concave surface, the concave surfaces of the third and fourth pullrods are placed over the cylindrical member of the second main bearing portion, and the concave surfaces of each of the third and fourth pullrods each engage with the cylindrical member over fewer than 175 degrees of the circumference of cylindrical member.
A fifteenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the first portion is a first web portion, the second portion is a second web portion, the second web portion defining an opening, the cylindrical member further couples with the opening of the second web portion, and the first and second web portions define undercuts proximate their associated openings, and wherein the engine further comprises a first retention ring engaging with a first of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a first of the shoulders of the second connecting rod, and a second retention ring engaging with a second of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a second of the shoulders of the second connecting rod.
A sixteenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the first portion is a first web portion, the second portion is a second web portion, the second web portion defines an opening, and the cylindrical member further couples with the opening of the second web portion, the first shoulder of the first connecting rod and the first shoulder of the second connecting rod engaging with the undercut of the first web portion and the second shoulder of the first connecting rod and the second shoulder of the second connecting rod engaging with the undercut of the second web portion.
A seventeenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the crankshaft has an axis of rotation, and the first portion has at least one flat surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation for fixturing.
An eighteenth example aspect includes the subject matter of the eleventh example aspect and wherein the opening of the first portion has a positive stop at the end of the opening, and the cylindrical member of the second portion abuts the positive stop of the first portion.
In a nineteenth example aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web portion defining an inner opening, a second web portion defining an inner opening, and an inner bearing portion that engages with the inner opening of the first web portion and with the inner opening of the second web portion, a first pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, a second pushrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft end of the first pushrod having a concave surface placed over the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft end of the second pushrod having a concave surface placed over the inner bearing portion between the first and second web portions, the crankshaft end of the first pushrod having shoulders adjacent the concave surface, the crankshaft end of the second pushrod having shoulders adjacent the concave surface, a first retention ring containing engaging with a first shoulder of the first pushrod and a first shoulder of the second pushrod, and a second retention ring engaging with a second should of the first pushrod and a second shoulder of the second pushrod.
A twentieth example aspect includes the subject matter of the nineteenth example aspect and may further comprise a first bearing placed between an outer surface of the inner bearing portion and the concave surfaces of the first and second pushrods.
A twenty first example aspect includes the subject matter of the nineteenth example aspect and wherein the first web portion further defines an outer opening and the second web portion further defines an outer opening, and wherein the engine further comprises a first main bearing portion having an outer bearing journal engaged with the outer opening of the first web portion, a second main bearing portion having an outer bearing journal engaged with the outer opening of the second web portion, a first pullrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, a second pullrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, a third pullrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, and a fourth pullrod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, wherein the crankshaft end of the first pullrod has a concave surface placed over the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, the crankshaft end of the second pullrod has a concave surface placed over the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion, the crankshaft end of the third pullrod has a concave surface placed over the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, the crankshaft end of the fourth pullrod has a concave surface placed over the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion, and the crankshaft end of the first, second, third, and fourth pullrods also have shoulders adjacent their associated concave surface, and wherein the engine further comprises a third retention ring containing engaging with a first shoulder of the first pullrod and a first shoulder of the second pullrod, a fourth retention ring engaging with a second shoulder of the first pullrod and a second shoulder of the second pullrod, a fifth retention ring containing engaging with a first shoulder of the third pullrod and a first shoulder of the fourth pullrod, and a sixth retention ring engaging with a second shoulder of the third pullrod and a second shoulder of the fourth pullrod.
A twenty second example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty first example aspect and may further comprise a first bearing placed between an outer surface of the inner bearing portion and the concave surfaces of the first and second pushrods, a second bearing placed between an outer surface of the outer bearing journal of the first main bearing portion and the concave surfaces of the first and second pullrods, and a third bearing placed between an outer surface of the outer bearing journal of the second main bearing portion and the concave surfaces of the third and fourth pullrods.
In a twenty third example aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a crankshaft having a first web, a second web, and a journal coupled between the first web and the second web, a first connecting rod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, and a second connecting rod having a piston end and a crankshaft end, the crankshaft ends of the first and second connecting rods each having a concave surface placed over the journal, the crankshaft ends of the first and second connecting rods each having two shoulders adjacent the concave surface, and a retention ring formed by separating a portion of the first web proximate the journal from the crankshaft is slid over a first of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a first of the shoulders of the second connecting rod.
A twenty fourth example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty third example aspect and wherein the second web has an undercut proximate the journal, and a second of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a second of the shoulders of the second connecting rod engage with the undercut of the second web.
A twenty fifth example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty third example aspect and wherein a second retention ring is formed by separating a portion of the second web proximate the journal, and the second retention ring is slid over a second of the shoulders of the first connecting rod and a second of the shoulders of the second connecting rod.
A twenty sixth example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty third example aspect and may further comprise a snap ring placed over a majority of the circumference of the journal and located in a groove formed in an underside of the retention ring to thereby locate the retention ring.
A twenty seventh example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty third example aspect and may further comprise a cylindrical bearing having a first bearing portion and a second bearing portion, each bearing portion comprising 180 degrees of a cylinder, wherein the first bearing portion and the second bearing portion are placed onto the journal between the concave surfaces of the connecting rods and the journal.
In a twenty eighth example aspect, an internal combustion engine may comprise a cylinder having a first piston and a second piston disposed therein with the pistons arranged in an opposed arrangement, and a built-up crankshaft disposed on one end of the cylinder, the built-up crankshaft having a first outer piece having a first main bearing journal and a first outer journal, a second outer piece having a second main bearing journal and a second outer journal, an inner journal, a first web defining a first outer opening into which the first outer journal is inserted and a first inner opening orifice into which a first end of the inner journal is inserted, and a second web defining a second outer opening into which the second outer journal is inserted and a second inner opening into which a second end of the inner journal, opposite the first end if the inner journal, is inserted, a pushrod coupled between the first piston and the inner journal, a first pullrod coupled between the second piston and the first outer journal, and a second pullrod coupled between the second piston and the second outer journal, wherein at least one of a crankshaft end of the pushrod is continuous and surrounds the inner journal, a crankshaft end of the first pullrod is continuous and surrounds the first outer journal and the second pullrod is continuous and surrounds the second outer journal.
A twenty ninth example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty eighth example aspect and wherein the first and second pullrods each have two substantially parallel fingers extending outwardly from a piston end of the pullrods with the fingers substantially parallel to their associated pullrod.
A thirtieth example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty ninth example aspect and wherein the first and second pistons each comprise a t-bridge with each t-bridge having first and second pins that extend beyond the associated piston in a diametrically opposed fashion, the first pin sits between the fingers of the first pullrod, the second pin sits between the fingers of the second pullrod, and each of the fingers has an aperture of a predetermined diameter defined therein, and wherein the engine further comprises first and second caps each having an aperture of the predetermined diameter defined therein, and first and second dowels, the first dowel inserted through the apertures of the fingers of the first pullrod and through the aperture of the first cap and the second dowel inserted through the apertures of the fingers of the second pullrod and through the aperture of the second cap.
A thirty first example aspect includes the subject matter of the thirtieth example aspect and wherein the dowels extend out of each end of the fingers and the dowels have a groove near each end, and wherein the engine further comprises first and second clips engaged with the grooves of the first dowel, and third and fourth clips engaged with the grooves of the second dowel.
A thirty second example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty ninth example aspect and wherein the first and second pistons each comprise a t-bridge with each t-bridge having first and second pins that extend beyond the associated piston in a diametrically opposed fashion, the first pin sits between the fingers of the first pullrod, the second pin sits between the fingers of the second pullrod, and each of the fingers has an apertures defined therein, and wherein the engine further comprises first and second caps each having an aperture defined therein with at least a portion of the aperture being threaded, a first screw inserted through the aperture of a first of the fingers of the first pullrod and engaging with the threads of the aperture in the first cap, a second screw inserted through the aperture of a second of the fingers of the first pullrod and engaging with the threads of the aperture in the first cap, a third screw inserted through the aperture of a first of the fingers of the second pullrod and engaging with the threads of the aperture in the second cap, and a fourth screw inserted through the aperture of a second of the fingers of the second pullrod and engaging with the threads of the aperture in the second cap.
A thirty third example aspect includes the subject matter of the twenty eighth example aspect and may further comprise a first unitary bushing on the first outer journal, and a second unitary bushing on the second outer journal, wherein the first bushing is located between the first pullrod and the first outer journal and the second bushing is located between the second pullrod and the second outer journal.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the foregoing drawings and description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only illustrative embodiments thereof have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
This patent application claims the benefit of, and priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/041,825, filed Aug. 26, 2014, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/060,887, filed Oct. 7, 2014, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62041825 | Aug 2014 | US | |
62060887 | Oct 2014 | US |