Patent Application
20110307874
Not Applicable.
Computer systems and related technology affect many aspects of society. Indeed, the computer system's ability to process information has transformed the way we live and work. Computer systems now commonly perform a host of tasks (e.g., word processing, scheduling, accounting, etc.) that prior to the advent of the computer system were performed manually. More recently, computer systems have been coupled to one another and to other electronic devices to form both wired and wireless computer networks over which the computer systems and other electronic devices can transfer electronic data. Accordingly, the performance of many computing tasks are distributed across a number of different computer systems and/or a number of different computing environments.
More specifically, spreadsheet programs are used in a wide variety of different environments. In some more specialized environments, spreadsheets are used in technical computing. For example, domain specialists can use spreadsheets to build and run models and benefit from the rapid prototyping that this form offers. However, fundamental limitations of using spreadsheets as a programming language make them difficult reuse and maintain when changes to a model are entered. For example, a user may have to manual re-enter data in a plurality of different fields to implement changes. As such, spreadsheets often become tangled and unwieldy when used in these environments.
Some techniques use programming language constructs that can be embedded within a spreadsheet. However, these techniques lack any mechanism to extract functions from a spreadsheet.
Other techniques attempt to mitigate these difficulties by replacing entire calculation chains with source code. These other techniques provide a certain level of “code behind” for a spreadsheet. However, these other techniques lack modularity because they replace large blocks of calculations having little, if any, structure.
The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for creating text functions from a spreadsheet. One or more results cells are selected in a page of a spreadsheet. The results cell storing a value representing the result of executing a plurality of formulas within the spreadsheet. Values in a plurality of other cells related to the one or more results cell are identified. The value in each of the plurality of other cells corresponding to execution of a combination of one or more of the plurality of formulas.
Additional data in further cells related to the values in the plurality of other cells is identified. The additional data describes the values on the plurality of other cells. The identified additional data is used to generate local variables for use in a programming language. The local variables correspond to the values in the plurality of other cells. A semantic tree representing a function is generated based on the plurality of formulas and the generated local variables. The semantic tree is compilable into executable code configured to calculate the value representing the result, generating of the semantic tree.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for creating text functions from a spreadsheet. One or more results cells are selected in a page of a spreadsheet. The results cell storing a value representing the result of executing a plurality of formulas within the spreadsheet. Values in a plurality of other cells related to the one or more results cell are identified. The value in each of the plurality of other cells corresponding to execution of a combination of one or more of the plurality of formulas.
Additional data in further cells related to the values in the plurality of other cells is identified. The additional data describes the values on the plurality of other cells. The identified additional data is used to generate local variables for use in a programming language. The local variables correspond to the values in the plurality of other cells. A semantic tree representing a function is generated based on the plurality of formulas and the generated local variables. The semantic tree is compilable into executable code configured to calculate the value representing the result, generating of the semantic tree.
Embodiments of the present invention may comprise or utilize a special purpose or general-purpose computer including computer hardware, such as, for example, one or more processors and system memory, as discussed in greater detail below. Embodiments within the scope of the present invention also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and/or data structures. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer system. Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions are physical storage media. Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, embodiments of the invention can comprise at least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media: computer storage media and transmission media.
Computer storage media includes RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable the transport of electronic data between computer systems and/or modules and/or other electronic devices. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmission medium. Transmissions media can include a network and/or data links which can be used to carry or desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures can be transferred automatically from transmission media to computer storage media (or vice versa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structures received over a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within a network interface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventually transferred to computer system RAM and/or to less volatile computer storage media at a computer system. Thus, it should be understood that computer storage media can be included in computer system components that also (or even primarily) utilize transmission media.
Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which, when executed at a processor, cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or even source code. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the described features or acts described above. Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced in network computing environments with many types of computer system configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones, PDAs, pagers, routers, switches, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed system environments where local and remote computer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired data links, wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired and wireless data links) through a network, both perform tasks. In a distributed system environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
Embodiments of the invention extract functions from spreadsheets and represent the function in textual form. Representation in textual form promotes code reuse, clarify, expressive power, and better performance. Text can be rendered in virtually any programming language, such as, for example, C#, C++, Visual Basic (“VB”), etc. In some embodiments, programming language extensibility to support spreadsheet compatible data types and functions is utilized.
Spreadsheet 101 includes a plurality of cells arrange in a grid. Cells are referred to by column id, row id. For example, cell A2 refers to the cell containing value 104. On the other hand, cell D3 is empty. Spreadsheet 101 can be running within a spreadsheet application, such as, for example, Microsoft® Excel®.
Generally, parameter selection module 111 is configured to receive one or more values from a spreadsheet and derive parameters for use in text based formulas corresponding to the spreadsheet. Auto selection module 112 is configured to automatically select values form spreadsheet 101 for user in deriving parameters. Automatically selected values can be used alternate to or in combination with user selected values for deriving parameters. Adjustment module 113 is configured to adjust values after selection. For example, adjustment module 113 can be used to unselect parameters or select different cells to use as input.
Generally, analysis module 121 is configured to analyze a spreadsheet and corresponding parameters and generate a semantic tree representing a text function. Parser 121 can parse formulas within a spreadsheet starting from a results value in results cell and working backwards through one or more formulas used to calculate the results value. Dependency detection module 123 can identify dependencies between values in the one or more formulas.
Local variable generator 124 can generate variables for inclusion in a text function. Variable names can be inferred from names that are expressly defined in a spreadsheet or guessed from cells that are adjacent to a give cell (e.g., comments in one cell describing data in another cell). Semantic tree generator 126 can generate a semantic tree representing formulas in a spreadsheet.
Translator 131 is configured to translate a semantic tree into source code (text). Compiler 133 is configured to compile source code into executable code.
Method 200 includes an act of selecting one or more results cells in a page of a spreadsheet, the one or more results cells storing a corresponding one or more values representing the results of executing a plurality of formulas within the spreadsheet (act 201). For example, auto selection module 112 can select values 102 and 103 from cells C5 and D6 of spreadsheet 101. Values 102 and 103 can represent the results of executing one or more formulas within spreadsheet 101. In some embodiments, a contiguous range of cells is selected. Parameter selection module 111 can use values 102 and 103 (with possible further using modification entered through adjustment module 113) to generate parameters 114.
Method 200 includes an act of identifying values in a plurality of other cells related to the one or more results cells, the value in each of the plurality of other cells corresponding to execution of a combination of one or more of the plurality of formulas (act 202). For example, parser 122 can identify values 104, 106, 107, and 111 in cells A2, A3, B2, and A5 respectively. Analysis module 121 can determine that values 104, 106, 107, 111 are related to values 102 and 103. For example, values 104, 106, 107, and 111 can be intermediate values used in formulas that calculate values 102 and 103. Dependency detection module 123 can determine when values in intermediate formulas depend from values 102 and/or 103.
Method 200 includes an act of identifying additional data in further cells related to the values in the plurality of other cells, the additional data describing the values on the plurality of other cells (act 203). For example, local variable generator 124 can identify data 108, 109, and 141 as related to (and possibly describing) values 104, 106, and 107 in cells A2, A3, and B2. For example, data 108, 109, and 141 can include comments describing variables and/or indicating what formulas are used in a for generating values 104, 106, and 107.
Method 200 includes an act of using the identified additional data to generate local variables for use in a programming language, the local variables corresponding to the values in the plurality of other cells (act 204). For example, local variable generator 124 can generate local variables for use in a programming language. The local variables can be correspond to values in values 104, 106, and 107 in cells A2, A3, and B2
Method 200 includes an act of generating a semantic tree representing a function from the plurality of formulas and the generated local variables, the semantic tree compilable into executable code configured to calculate the one or more values representing the results (act 205). For example, semantic tree generator 126 can generate a semantic tree 127 representing a function. Semantic tree 127 can be generated from formulas in spreadsheet 101 and local variables generated by local variable generator 124. Semantic tree 127 is compilable into executable code that can calculate values 102 and 103.
Translator 131 can translate semantic tree 127 into source code 132 of one or more programming languages. Compiler 133 can compile source code 132 into executable 134.
Accordingly, embodiments of the invention permit a user to create a new function by selecting the result cell of the spreadsheet. An analysis process can be run on the spreadsheet, starting from the result cell, and collects all cell dependencies. A list of parameters is supplied automatically from the leaf nodes in the calculation. A user can optionally unselect these parameters or pick a different cell (that is part of the calculation) to use as an input. The selected section of the calculation becomes a function.
As such, a subset of a spreadsheet can be captured and run on a different execution engine. A resulting function can interoperate with the spreadsheet via a UDF extensibility model (such as Excel's XLLs) to permit the function to be called as many times as desired on the sheet. The function can also be compiled into a library that is used outside the spreadsheet by other programming languages.
The function can capture the calculation semantics of the subset of the spreadsheet that was selected. More particularly, the function reuses spreadsheet libraries and operators, as well as the order of operations. Reuse allows users to be confident that the selected function behaves similar to the portion of the spreadsheet it was extracted from.
Heuristics can be used to make the source code more readable. Variable names can be inferred either from names that are expressly defined on the spreadsheet, or guessed from cells that are adjacent to the given cell. Further, code comments can be lifted from the spreadsheet. Positions respect calculation order and can use hints available in the spreadsheet to achieve similar ordering.
When the spreadsheet changes, the resulting code can be updated automatically by rerunning the analysis. The analysis can also output the mappings between cells and the locations in the text. Mappings can be used by other tools, for example to highlight regions in the sheet with regions of the code, and vice versa.
Source code for a function can also be generated in multiple languages. In some embodiments, a “precise” mode is used to capture semantics with increased accuracy. Precise mode can include spreadsheet-compatible functions and data types in the code. In other embodiments, an “approximate” mode is used. Approximate mode uses functions and data types in the target language whenever possible. Approximate mode results in less change of full compatibility. However, code generated in approximate mode looks more natural in the target language, and can generally be more performant.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
