I. Field
The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and, amongst other things, to flexible communication schemes for wireless communications systems.
II. Background
Wireless networking systems have become a prevalent means to communicate with others worldwide. Wireless communication devices, such as cellular, telephones, personal digital assistants, and the like have become smaller and more powerful, in order to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience. Consumers have become dependent upon these devices, demanding reliable service, expanded areas of coverage, additional services (e.g., web browsing capabilities), and continued reduction in size and cost of such devices.
A typical wireless communication network (e.g., employing frequency, time, and code division techniques) includes one or more base stations that provides coverage areas to subscribers as well as mobile (e.g., wireless) devices that can transmit and receive data within the coverage areas. A typical base station can simultaneously transmit multiple data streams to multiple devices for broadcast, multicast, and/or unicast services, wherein a data stream is a stream of data that can be of independent reception interest to a user device. A user device within the coverage area of that, base station can be interested in receiving one, more than one or all the data streams carried by the composite stream. Likewise, a user device can transmit data to the base station or another user device.
In wireless networks that enable a wireless terminal to connect to the Internet, Mobile IP (MIP) is a common protocol that is often utilized to facilitate mobility of the wireless terminal while maintaining connection to the Internet. Using MIP, wireless terminals can alter their point of attachment to the Internet without altering Internet Protocol (IP) addresses associated therewith. Thus, mobile devices can transition amongst several different local area networks (LANs) that are associated with different IP addresses without forcing the mobile to alter a point of attachment to the Internet.
Additionally, in some systems Mobile IF can be utilized to enable a wireless terminal to be associated with multiple links at different access points. More particularly, multiple tunnels can be created through utilization of Mobile IP, and certain traffic can be directed by way of each of the tunnels (e.g., based upon expected throughput measured signal-to-noise ratio, or other suitable factor(s)).
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview, and is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of such subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Briefly described, the subject matter disclosed in more detail below relates to a first network module “taking over” for a second network module with respect to an access terminal. In more detail, a wireless terminal can be associated with a first foreign agent that acts as a regional mobility agent for the access terminal. Such foreign agent can be resident within an access router and/or be a separate network entity. As signal strength perceived at the wireless terminal alters, the wireless, terminal can request that a second network module act as a regional mobility agent for the wireless terminal. The wireless terminal can additionally identify one or more access routers with respect to which the wireless terminal desires links. A mobility agent can receive the request and can create a tunnel with the second network module. The second network module can then create a message (an add message) and transmit such message to the identified wireless terminals. The add message indicates that the second network module is acting as the regional mobility agent for the wireless terminal and further indicates that recipients of the add message will he receiving traffic from the second network module intended for the wireless terminal. The add message also enables recipients thereof to revoke tunnels associated with network modules previously acting as a regional mobility agent for the wireless terminal.
In a related aspect is a method that is undertaken at a first network module. The method can comprise receiving an indication from a wireless terminal that the first network module is to act as a mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal and informing a second network module that the first network module is to act as the mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal.
In accordance with another aspect is a communications apparatus that can include a memory that comprises instructions for receiving an indication that a first mobility agent is to act as a primary mobility agent with respect to a wireless terminal. The instructions can also include informing a second mobility agent, previously acting as the primary mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal, that the first mobility agent will henceforth be acting as the primary mobility agent. The communications apparatus can also include a processor that is configured to execute the instructions.
In accordance with another aspect is a communications apparatus that can comprise a means for receiving an indication from a wireless terminal that a first network module is to act as a regional mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal. The communications apparatus can also include a means for informing a second network module that the first network module is to act as the regional mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal.
According to another aspect is a computer-readable medium that can comprise computer-executable instructions. The instructions can include receiving an indication that a first mobility agent is to act as a primary mobility agent with respect to a wireless, terminal. The instructions can further include informing a second mobility agent, previously acting as the primary mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal, that the first mobility agent will henceforth be acting as the primary mobility agent.
According to a further aspect is a processor that can be configured to execute instructions for determining that a first access router will be acting as a regional mobility agent with respect to a wireless terminal and informing a second access router previously acting as a regional mobility agent that the first access router will be acting as the regional mobility agent.
In accordance with another aspect is a method undertaken at a wireless terminal. The method can comprise identifying an access router that is to act as a regional mobility agent and indicating to a mobility agent associated with the wireless terminal the identity of the access router.
In accordance with a further aspect is a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus can include a memory and a processor. The memory can comprise instructions for determining an access router that desirably acts as a regional mobility agent with respect to the apparatus and determining one or more other access routers with respect to which a physical link is desired. The instructions can also include transmitting an identity of the access router and identifies of the one or more other access routers to a mobility agent. The processor can he configured to execute the instructions in the memory.
In accordance with another aspect is a computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions for identifying at a wireless terminal an access router that desirably acts as a regional mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal and informing a mobility agent, of the identity of the access router that desirably acts as the regional mobility agent with, respect to the wireless terminal.
According to another aspect is a wireless communications apparatus that can comprise a means for determining that an access terminal is to act as a regional mobility agent and a means for informing a mobility agent that the access router is to act as the regional mobility agent.
According to yet another aspect is a processor that can be configured to execute instructions for identifying an access router that is to act as a regional mobility agent with respect to a wireless terminal and indicating to a mobility agent associated with the wireless terminal the identity of the access router.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the disclosed subject matter may be employed and the claimed matter is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features may become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The disclosed subject matter is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosed subject matter. It maybe evident, however, that such subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the disclosed subject matter.
Furthermore, various embodiments are described herein in connection with an access terminal. An access terminal can also be called a system, a subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, user equipment, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, user terminal, terminal, user agent, or user device. For example, an access terminal can be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SEP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a PDA, a handheld device having wireless connection capability, a processor within, a mobile device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
Moreover, aspects of the disclosed subject matter may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement various aspects described herein. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ). Additionally it should be appreciated that a carrier wave can be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data such as those used in transmitting and receiving voice mail or in accessing a network such as a cellular network. Of course, it can be recognized that many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of what is described herein.
Turning now to the drawings,
Architecture 100 additionally includes an access router 110, wherein access router 110 can relay data to and receive data from wireless terminal 106. Additionally, access router 110 provides an over-the-air (OTA) point of attachment for wireless terminal 106.
In accordance with some aspects described herein, second mobility agent 104 can generate an “add” message and provide such message to access router 110, wherein the add message informs access router 110 that second mobility agent 104 is now a primary mobility agent 104 with respect to access terminal 106, and that access router 110 will be receiving data from mobility agent 104. Such an add message, for example, can accord to Mobile IP. Additionally, second mobility agent 104 can inform first mobility agent 102 that second mobility agent 104 will be the primary mobility agent with respect to wireless terminal. Still further, first mobility agent 102 can inform access router 110 that a tunnel therebetween has been revoked. Alternatively, access router 110 can inform first mobility agent 102 that a tunnel therebetween has been revoked.
In accordance with some aspects, access router 110 does not participate in signaling between access terminal 106 and home agents 102, 104. In such aspects, second home agent 104 provides the “add” message directly to access terminal 106 and first, home agent 102 can information access terminal 102 that a tunnel between first home agent 102 and access terminal 102 has been revoked.
Now referring to
As wireless terminal 206 geographically traverses over a particular region, signal strength perceived at wireless terminal 206 in association with second access router 210 can be sufficient enough to merit a link between wireless terminal 206 and second access router 210. In more detail, wireless terminal 206 can provide a message by way of Mobile IP to first access router 208 that indicates that a desired care of address (CoA) is associated with first access router 208 and an alternate CoA is associated with second access router 210. Such information can then be relayed by access router 208 to mobility agent 202, which can confirm receipt of the information. Mobility agent 202 can then provide an add message (in the form of a command) to second access router 210, wherein the add message includes a home address associated with wireless terminal 206, an indication of an identity of first access router 208, and an identity of the mobility agent. Contents of the add message can include more or less information depending upon context. Second access router 210 can then confirm the add message, and mobility agent 202 can create tunnels between mobility agent 202 and second access router 210 (and refresh a tunnel between mobility agent 202 and first access router 208). In accordance with some aspects, wireless terminal 206 provides the message to mobility agent 202 by routing the signal through first access router 208 and/or second access router 210. In such aspects, access routers 208, 210 do not participate in (or process) the signaling between wireless terminal 206 and mobility agent 202.
Now turning to
In a detailed example, access router 308 can initially act as a regional mobility agent with respect to wireless terminal 306. Wireless terminal 306 can have links with access router 308, access router 310, access router 312, and access router 314. A tunnel can exist between mobility agent 302 and access router 308, such that traffic intended for wireless terminal 306 is first provided to access router 308. Access router 308 then can selectively disseminate traffic amongst access router 308 and the other access routers 310-314 that have links with wireless terminal 306. In architecture 300, wireless terminal 306 can, based upon any suitable metric or condition, select which access router is to act as a regional mobility agent. Pursuant to an example, wireless terminal 306 can select an access router that is associated with a highest signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio to act as a regional mobility agent.
As stated above, wireless terminal 306 may request that access router 308 act as a regional mobility agent. As wireless terminal 306 transitions over a geographic region and/or signal strengths change, wireless terminal 306 can request that access router 310 serve as a regional mobility agent with respect to wireless terminal 306. Additionally, within the request wireless terminal 306 can indicate which access routers should service wireless terminal. For instance, wireless terminal 306 can indicate that it desires links with access routers 308-314. Such information can be relayed by way of Mobile IP to access muter 310 (or another suitable access router), which can inform mobility agent 302 of the request. Mobility agent 302 can then redirect a tunnel from access router 308 to access router 310 (by way of Mobile IP messaging). Access router 310 can then create add messages and provide such messages to access router 308, access router 312, and access router 314. Thus, access router 308 will be implicitly informed that access router 308 will no longer be acting as a regional mobility agent. Additionally, access router 312 and access router 314 will be prepared for traffic intended for wireless terminal 306 that will be relayed from access router 310 (and not access router 308). While what has been described above relates to an access router acting as a regional mobility agent, it is understood that separate network modules acting as regional mobility agents can utilize add messages, in a similar manner.
Now turning to
As wireless terminal 426 is geographically ported, it may receive signals with greater strength from access point 424 when compared to signals received from access point 422. Accordingly, wireless terminal 426 can create a message that indicates that access point 424 should act as a regional mobility agent and that wireless terminal 426 additionally desires a link with access point 422. Such information can be transmitted to a mobility agent (not shown) byway of Mobile IP. The mobility agent can then revoke a tunnel with access point 422 and create a tunnel with access point 424 (the new regional mobility agent). Access point 424 can then create an add message and transmit the add message to access point 422, such that access point 422 can be prepared to receive traffic from access point 424 for transmittal to wireless terminal. As stated above, an add message can come in the form of a command by way of Mobile IP.
With reference now to
In an example, apparatus 500 can be a mobility agent or foreign agent, which may be a server, a collection of servers, within a sewer, and/or distributed amongst a collection of servers. In such a case, memory 502 can include instructions for receiving an indication that a wireless terminal desires a physical link with a particular access router. Such link can be in addition to another link that is pre-existent with respect to the wireless terminal. Memory 502 can additionally include instructions for transmitting an add message to the access router indicated within the request, wherein the add message informs the access router that the mobility agent will be providing traffic to the access router that is intended for the wireless terminal. Apparatus 500 can additionally include a processor 504 that is configured to execute the instructions within memory 502.
In another example, apparatus 500 can be an access router that can act as a regional mobility agent with respect to a wireless terminal. In such a case, memory 502 can include instructions for receiving a request from a wireless terminal that the access router act as a regional mobility agent with respect to wireless terminal. Memory 502 can also retain instructions for receiving other access routers with respect to which the access terminal desires a physical link. Still further, memory 502 can include instructions for creating and transmitting an add message to other access routers identified by the wireless terminal. Thus, the other access routers can remove tunnels associated with an access router (or other network module) previously acting as a regional mobility agent) and create funnels with the access router now acting as the regional mobility agent. Processor 504 can be configured to execute the instructions.
In yet another example, apparatus can be a wireless terminal. Memory 502 can include instructions for identifying which access router desirably acts as a regional mobility agent with respect to the wireless terminal. Memory 502 can also include instructions for identifying one or more access routers with respect to which wireless terminal desires physical links. Moreover, memory 502 can include instructions for transmitting the identified access routers (by way of Mobile IP) to an access router or mobility agent associated with the wireless terminal. Again, processor 504 can be configured to execute the instructions stored in memory 502.
Referring to
Referring solely to
At 608, data is selectively disseminated to one or more network modules for transmittal to the wireless terminal. For example, if the first network module is an access router, such access router can disseminate traffic intended for the wireless terminal to one or more different access routers for transmittal to the wireless terminal. If the first network module is a foreign agent, the foreign agent can relay a subset of traffic to one or more access routers related to the foreign agent for transmittal to the wireless terminal. The methodology 600 completes at 610.
Now referring to
At 706, a second mobility agent (that previously acted as the primary mobility agent) is informed that the first mobility agent will be acting as the primary mobility agent henceforth. This can be implicitly determined at the second mobility agent upon receipt of an add message, for example. At 708, the first mobility agent acts as the primary mobility agent with respect to the access terminal, and the methodology 700 completes at 710.
With reference now to
At 306, the wireless terminal can identify which access router is to act as a regional mobility agent. Such identification can be a function of the performed measurements. At 808, an indication of an identity of the access router that is to act as the regional mobility agent is transmitted to a mobility agent associated with the wireless terminal. Thus, the mobility agent can create a runnel between the mobility agent and the identified access router. The methodology 800 then completes at 810.
With reference now to
At 914, wireless terminal 902, by way of Mobile IP or other signaling (e.g., link layer mobility management signaling), can indicate to first mobility module 904 that wireless terminal 902 desires a link between first mobility module 904 and second mobility module 906 (with first mobility module 904 being a primary mobility module). At 916, first mobility module relays such information to mobility agent 908 (by way of Mobile IP), and at 918 mobility agent 908 confirms receipt of the information to first mobility module 904. At 920, first mobility module 904 indicates to wireless terminal 902 that mobility agent 908 has received the information (through utilization of a Mobile IP message).
At 922, mobility agent 908 creates an add message and provides the message to second mobility module 906, indicating to second mobility module 906 that second mobility module 906 will be receiving traffic for transmission to wireless terminal 902. The add message can also indicate that the first mobility module may be acting as a regional mobility agent for wireless terminal 902. At 924, second mobility module 906 confirms receipt of the add; message to mobility agent 908. At 926 and 928, tunnels for data are created between mobility agent 908 and first and second mobility modules 904 and 906, respectively. The tunnels are utilized for relay of traffic intended for wireless terminal 902.
Now referring collectively to
Turning specifically to
With reference to
Processor 1206 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver component 1202 and/or generating information for transmission by a transmitter 1214. Processor 1206 can be a processor that controls one or more portions of system 1200, and/or a processor that analyzes information received by receiver 1202, generates information for transmission by a transmitter 1214, and controls one or more portions of system 1200. System 1200 can include an optimization component 1208 that can optimize performance of user equipment before, during, and/or after handoff. Optimization component 1208 maybe incorporated into the processor 1206. It is to be appreciated that optimization component 1208 can include optimization code that performs utility based analysis in connection with determining which access router is to act as a regional mobility agent and to which access routers links are desired. The optimization code can utilize artificial intelligence based methods in connection with performing inference and/or probabilistic determinations and/or statistical-based determination in connection with making the aforementioned determinations.
System (user equipment) 1200 can additionally comprise memory 1210 that is operatively coupled to processor 1206 and that stores information such as signal strength information with respect to a base station (transceiver module), scheduling information, and the like wherein such information can be employed in connection with determining which access router is to act as a regional mobility agent, with respect to system 1200. Memory 1210 can additionally store protocols associated with generating lookup tables, etc., such that system 1200 can employ stored protocols and/or algorithms to increase system capacity. It will be appreciated that the data store (e.g., memories) components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or Hash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1210 is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory. Processor 1206 is connected to a symbol modulator 1212 and transmitter 1214 that transmits the modulated signal.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units within an user equipment or a network device may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
When the systems and/or methods described herein are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they may be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage component. A code segment may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc, may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. A memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case It can be communicatively coupled to the processor through, various means.
What has been described above includes examples of the disclosed subject matter. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination components or methodologies for purposes of describing such subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, the subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.