Patent Grant
11746688
This disclosure relates to the field of exhaust components for vehicles. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a cross-over pipe exhaust assembly for improving flow of exhaust gases.
Internal combustion engines generate hot waste gases that are typically expelled from an exhaust port of the engine. The hot waste gases through an exhaust system including one or more pipes that direct flow of exhaust gases through the exhaust system to an exhaust pipe where the gases leave the exhaust system.
Some exhaust systems include dual pipes with each pipe corresponding to a bank of cylinders of the engine. For example, in an engine wherein cylinders are arranged in a “V”, exhaust gases are expelled from exhaust ports on opposing sides of the engine. The expelled gases travel through headers into a pair of exhaust pipes. Exhaust pipes typically include several bends along lengths of the exhaust pipes between exhaust ports of the engine and an exhaust pipe. These bends can create pressure within the exhaust pipes, thereby decreasing efficiency of the engine and may create unequal pressure across exhaust pipes corresponding to separate cylinder banks of the engine.
Some exhaust systems include crossover or x-pipes that allow exhaust gas pressure from two cylinder banks to equalize. Existing crossover pipes may in some cases reduce the efficiency of exhaust flow through the exhaust system or otherwise create undesirable an undesirable sound or note of the engine emitted from the exhaust pipes. What is needed, therefore, is a cross-pipe exhaust system that improves the flow of exhaust gases from an engine.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the first conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the second conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second conduit; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein the at least one bend of the first conduit and the second conduit is U-shaped.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including one or more brackets located on one of the first conduit, the second conduit, the first crossover conduit, and the second crossover conduit for supporting the exhaust assembly on a vehicle.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including: a bend located along a length of the first crossover pipe; a bend located along a length of the second crossover pipe conduit; wherein the bend located along the length of the second crossover pipe is located proximate to a point at which the first crossover pipe intersects with the second crossover pipe such that the first crossover pipe and the second crossover pipe are at least partially intertwined.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein a diameter of the first inline conduit is greater than a diameter of the first crossover conduit and wherein a diameter of the second inline conduit is greater than a conduit of the second crossover conduit.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the first crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the second crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second crossover conduit; wherein the bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit is proximate to the bend formed along the length of the second crossover conduit such that the first crossover conduit and the second crossover conduit are at least partially intertwined.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including: a bend located along a length of the first conduit; and a bend located along a length of the second conduit.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein the bend located along the length of the first conduit and the bend located along the length of the second conduit are U-shaped.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the first conduit including a U-shaped bend formed along a length thereof; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the second conduit including a U-shaped bend formed along a length thereof; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the first crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the second crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second crossover conduit; wherein the bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit is proximate to the bend formed along the length of the second crossover conduit such that the first crossover conduit and the second crossover conduit are at least partially intertwined.
In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the first conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first conduit; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the second conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second conduit; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein the at least one bend of the first conduit and the second conduit is U-shaped. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including one or more brackets located on one of the first conduit, the second conduit, the first crossover conduit, and the second crossover conduit for supporting the exhaust assembly on a vehicle. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including: a bend located along a length of the first crossover pipe; a bend located along a length of the second crossover pipe conduit; wherein the bend located along the length of the second crossover pipe is located proximate to a point at which the first crossover pipe intersects with the second crossover pipe such that the first crossover pipe and the second crossover pipe are at least partially intertwined. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein a diameter of the first inline conduit is greater than a diameter of the first crossover conduit and wherein a diameter of the second inline conduit is greater than a conduit of the second crossover conduit. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the first crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the second crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second crossover conduit; wherein the bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit is proximate to the bend formed along the length of the second crossover conduit such that the first crossover conduit and the second crossover conduit are at least partially intertwined. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, further including: a bend located along a length of the first conduit; and a bend located along a length of the second conduit. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein the bend located along the length of the first conduit and the bend located along the length of the second conduit are U-shaped. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly for exhausting gas from an internal combustion engine, the exhaust assembly including: a first upstream conduit in fluid communication with a first bank of cylinders of an internal combustion engine; a second upstream conduit in fluid communication with a second bank of cylinders of the internal combustion engine; a first inlet collector connected to an end of the first upstream conduit, the first inlet collector having an inlet and splitting into first outlet and a second outlet, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector are aligned with the inlet; a second inlet collector connected to an end of the second upstream conduit, the second inlet collector splitting into a first outlet and a second outlet; a first outlet collector located downstream of the first inlet collector, the first outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the first outlet collector; a second outlet collector located downstream of the second outlet collector, the second outlet collector joining a first inlet and a second inlet into a single outlet of the second outlet collector; a first conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the first conduit including a U-shaped bend formed along a length thereof; a second conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the second conduit including a U-shaped bend formed along a length thereof; a first crossover conduit in fluid communication one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the first inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the second outlet collector, the first crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit; and a second crossover conduit in fluid communication with one of the first outlet and the second outlet of the second inlet collector and one of the first inlet and the second inlet of the first outlet collector, the second crossover conduit having at least one bend formed along a length of the second crossover conduit; wherein the bend formed along a length of the first crossover conduit is proximate to the bend formed along the length of the second crossover conduit such that the first crossover conduit and the second crossover conduit are at least partially intertwined. In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an exhaust assembly, wherein: the first inlet collector and the second inlet collector are oriented such that the first outlet and the second outlet are oriented inward towards a center of a vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed; and the first outlet collector and the second outlet collector are oriented such that the outlet of the first outlet collector and the outlet of the second outlet collector are oriented outward away from the center of the vehicle on which the exhaust assembly is installed.
Further features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying figures, wherein elements are not to scale so as to more clearly show the details, wherein like reference numbers indicate like elements throughout the several views, and wherein:
Various terms used herein are intended to have particular meanings. Some of these terms are defined below for the purpose of clarity. The definitions given below are meant to cover all forms of the words being defined (e.g., singular, plural, present tense, past tense). If the definition of any term below diverges from the commonly understood and/or dictionary definition of such term, the definitions below control.
The exhaust assembly 10 includes a first inlet 12 and a second inlet 14 for receiving exhaust gases from the internal combustion engines. The first inlet 12 preferably receives exhaust gases from the first bank of cylinders and the second inlet 14 preferably receives exhaust gases from the second bank of cylinders. The first inlet 12 is in fluid communication with a first inlet collector 16 and the second inlet 14 is in fluid communication with a second inlet collector 18. The first inlet collector 16 and second inlet collector 18 are shaped to split an incoming exhaust flow from the first inlet 12 and the second inlet 14 respectively. The first inlet 12 and the second inlet 14 may be upstream from the exhaust assembly 10 such that exhaust gases pass through the first inlet 12 and the second inlet 14 into the exhaust assembly as described herein.
Each of the first inlet collector 16 and second inlet collector 18 split an incoming exhaust flow into two separate flows such that a portion of the exhaust flow crosses the exhaust assembly 10 and such that another portion of the exhaust flow continues at least partially along an existing path of the exhaust flow. The first inlet collector 16 and the second inlet collector 18 may split an incoming gas flow into a first outlet 17 and a second outlet 19. The first outlet 17 may be an upper outlet and the second outlet 19 may be a lower outlet as shown in
The first inlet collector 16 is connected to and is in fluid communication with a first conduit 20 and the second inlet collector 18 is in fluid communication with a second conduit 22. The first conduit 20 and second conduit 22 are preferably elongate in shape having a circular cross-sectional area. The first conduit 20 and second conduit 22 extend from a first end to a second end that is distal from the first end. The first conduit 20 and second conduit 22 may be straight such and may be oriented such that the first conduit 20 is substantially parallel to the second conduit 22, as shown in
The first inlet collector 12 is further in fluid communication with a first crossover pipe 24 and the second inlet collector 14 is further in fluid communication with a second crossover pipe 26, as shown in
A diameter of the first crossover pipe 24, the second crossover pipe 26, the first conduit 20, and the second conduit 22 may vary. A diameter of the first crossover pipe 24, the second crossover pipe 26, the first conduit 20, and the second conduit 22 may be the same. Alternatively, a diameter of the first crossover pipe 24 and the second crossover pipe 26 may be greater than a diameter of the first conduit 20 and the second conduit 22. In another alternative, a diameter of the first conduit 20 and the second conduit 22 may be greater than a diameter of the first crossover pipe 24 and the second crossover pipe 26.
The first inlet collector 12 and the second inlet collector 14 preferably split a flow from a single conduit into at least two conduits, such as into the crossover pipes and inline pipes. The first inlet collector 12 and second inlet collector 14 each preferably split an entering flow into two outlets, such as an upper outlet and a lower outlet from each of the first inlet collector 12 and the second inlet collector 14.
A first outlet collector 28 is located at and in fluid communication with the distal end of the first conduit 20. A second outlet collector 30 is similarly located at and in fluid communication with the distal end of the second conduit 22. The distal end of the first crossover pipe 24 is in fluid communication with the second outlet collector 30, and the distal end of the second crossover pipe 26 is in fluid communication with the first outlet collector 28. A first outlet pipe 32 is in fluid communication with the first outlet collector 28 and a second outlet pipe 34 is in fluid communication with the second outlet collector 30.
The parallel pipes and crossover pipes are preferably in alignment with one another along at least a portion of lengths of the parallel pipes and the crossover pipes such that exhaust flow is gradually diverted through the crossover pipes before recombining with an opposite-side flow. For example, the first conduit 20 and the first crossover pipe 24 preferably extend parallel to one another along a first section of the first crossover pipe 24 such that a direction of flow remains in a parallel direction. When the first crossover pipe 24 joins with the second conduit 22 at the second outlet collector 30, the first crossover pipe 24 and second conduit 22 are preferably aligned such that when the flow through the first crossover pipe 24 joins with the flow through the second conduit 22 the flow is moving in a parallel direction.
Referring to
In operation, dual flows of exhaust enter the exhaust assembly 10 through the first inlet 12 and second inlet 14. A first flow corresponding to a first bank of cylinders of the engine enters the first inlet 12 and a second flow corresponding to a second bank of cylinders of the engine enters the second inlet 14. When the first and second flows enter the first inlet collector 16 and second inlet collector 18 respectively, a portion of the first flow and the second flow enters the first conduit 20 and second conduit 22 such that the portion of the first flow and second flow travels along a length of the first conduit 20 and second conduit 22 to the first outlet collector 28 and second outlet collector 30. Another portion of the first flow and the second flow enters the first crossover pipe 24 and the second crossover pipe 26. The portions of the first flow and the second flow that enter the first crossover pipe 24 and second crossover pipe 26 are joined with the opposite of the first flow and second flow in the first outlet collector 28 and second outlet collector 30.
While embodiments herein described include substantially parallel pipes, it is also understood that the arrangement of pipes in the exhaust assembly 10 may vary. For example, and as shown in
Referring to
The exhaust assembly 10 may further include one or more brackets 36 for securing the exhaust assembly 10 to a vehicle. The one or more brackets 36 may be located on one or more of the first inlet collector 16, the second inlet collector 18, the first conduit 20, the second conduit 22, the first crossover pipe 24, the second crossover pipe 26, the first outlet collector 28, and the second outlet collector 30. The one or more brackets 36 may be clamped onto one or more portions of the exhaust assembly 10 and may be located such that the one or more brackets 36 support the exhaust assembly 10 on a vehicle.
The exhaust assembly 10 of the present disclosure advantageously provides an exhaust assembly that allows for equalization of pressure in exhaust flow from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust assembly 10 may further improve a sound of the internal combustion engine. Shapes of pipes of the exhaust assembly 10 further reduce an amount of space required to install the exhaust assembly 10 on a vehicle, and also create a distinctive appearance.
The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The described preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the disclosure to the precise form(s) disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments are chosen and described in an effort to provide the best illustrations of the principles of the disclosure and its practical application, and to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the concepts revealed in the disclosure in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the disclosure as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.
This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/666,277 for a “Cross-pipe Exhaust System” filed on Oct. 28, 2019, which claims priority to and is a non-provisional of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/751,590 filed on Oct. 27, 2018 for a “Cross-pipe Exhaust System,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1351122 | Paulson | Aug 1920 | A |
| 1591088 | Holmes | Jul 1926 | A |
| 1740805 | Brice | Dec 1929 | A |
| 1903803 | Barker | Apr 1933 | A |
| 2019697 | Smith | Nov 1935 | A |
| 2075316 | Tyden | Mar 1937 | A |
| 2896739 | Kuras | Jul 1959 | A |
| 2995200 | Seifert | Aug 1961 | A |
| 2996139 | Patterson | Aug 1961 | A |
| 3139153 | De Remer | Jun 1964 | A |
| 3447630 | Davidson | Jun 1969 | A |
| 3470690 | Thompson | Oct 1969 | A |
| 3507301 | Larson | Apr 1970 | A |
| 3572463 | Eschenburg | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3612212 | Macdonald | Oct 1971 | A |
| 3630311 | Nagamatsu | Dec 1971 | A |
| 3948349 | Bychinsky | Apr 1976 | A |
| 4036452 | Schairer | Jul 1977 | A |
| 4342195 | Lo | Aug 1982 | A |
| 4605092 | Harris et al. | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4621494 | Fujita | Nov 1986 | A |
| 4712644 | Sun | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4800719 | Campbell | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4926634 | Putz | May 1990 | A |
| 4953352 | Campbell | Sep 1990 | A |
| 5018349 | Pemberton | May 1991 | A |
| 5033581 | Feuling | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5144799 | Barth | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5198625 | Borla | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5214253 | Houston, Jr. | May 1993 | A |
| 5216883 | Flugger | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5727386 | Watanabe et al. | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5740671 | Jones | Apr 1998 | A |
| 6247305 | Bassani | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6273772 | Smullin | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6478340 | Butler | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6662900 | Cathcart et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 7380635 | Harris | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7426980 | Bassani | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7596944 | Mueller et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7610748 | Kono et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7856815 | Demura et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7866709 | Spieth et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 8042649 | Inoue | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8181732 | Butler | May 2012 | B1 |
| 8196703 | Stanley | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8209972 | Tüch | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| D664906 | Lucas | Aug 2012 | S |
| 8439159 | Borla | May 2013 | B1 |
| 8474252 | Butler | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| D696614 | Lee et al. | Dec 2013 | S |
| 8826651 | Laube et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8869932 | Butler et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 9284868 | Pommerer et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9605580 | Drees et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9638087 | Kim | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9945280 | Eichmueller et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 10753264 | Klemenc et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 20070095056 | Richter | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20170362991 | Schneider et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180094757 | Niaz | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62751590 | Oct 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16666277 | Oct 2019 | US |
| Child | 17662626 | US |
