This application is a national stage application Under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2018/000240 having an international filing date of 7 May 2018 which designated the United States, which PCT application claimed the benefit of German Application No. 20 2017 002 387.3 filed 8 May 2017 and German Application No. 20 2018 000 803.6 filed 16 Feb. 2018, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The invention relates to a crushing device with a comb system, wherein the crushing device consists of at least one crushing roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one crushing tool arranged thereon, wherein the crushing device comprises at least one counter blade, which cooperates with the crushing tool, wherein the comb system comprises at least one base comb, on which the at least one counter blade is arranged and on which at least one screening element can be arranged as a component of a screening device, wherein the screening device at least partly encloses the crushing roller during intended use and the screening element is spring-mounted with a suspension on the base comb.
Such crushing devices are rather well known in the prior art. Such a crushing device is also known from the earlier utility model DE 20 2015 003 527 of the applicant. The spring-loaded mounting of the screening elements was described here. Thanks to this movable, spring-loaded mounting, it was already possible to reduce overloading of the devices by clogging even to the point of standstill and breakage of the tools.
One drawback which has been encountered during the intended use of the above-described devices is that the compression springs are compressed by the process strain even to the point of a “block pressure.” This can also lead to contact with the spring wire coils, for example. This results in random contact points leading to local overload and which may cause a breakage of the spring wire coils. This is tantamount to a total failure of the individual subassembly. A further drawback is that the compression spring becomes deformed into an S shape during lateral yielding movements. This also may lead to a breakage of the spring wire and/or the spring wire coils.
Starting from this prior art, the problem which the invention proposes to solve is to propose a crushing device no longer having at least one of the above-described drawbacks.
The object of the invention is solved by a crushing device having a comb system, wherein the crushing device consists of at least one crushing roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one crushing tool arranged thereon, wherein the crushing device comprises at least one counter blade which cooperates with the crushing tool, wherein the comb system comprises at least one base comb on which the at least one counter blade is arranged and on which at least one screening element can be arranged as a component of a screening device, wherein the screening device during intended use at least partly encloses the crushing roller and the screening element is spring-mounted with a suspension on the base comb, characterized in that the suspension comprises an end position limit. This end position limit for example may be formed from an elastic material. Of course, it is also possible to provide a spring with an opposing spring action.
The object of the invention is also solved by a crushing device having a comb system, wherein the crushing device consists of at least one crushing roller rotatably mounted in a machine frame with at least one crushing tool arranged thereon, wherein the crushing device comprises at least one counter blade, which cooperates with the crushing tool, wherein the comb system comprises at least one base comb, on which the at least one counter blade is arranged and on which at least one screening element can be arranged as a component of a screening device, wherein the screening device during intended use at least partly encloses the crushing roller and the screening element is spring-mounted with a suspension on the base comb, characterized in that the suspension is formed from at least one compression spring configured as a spiral spring, in the core of which at least one cylindrical body made from an elastic material is arranged.
Thanks to the two solutions described above, an overloading of the compression springs is avoided by the end position limit and/or the cylindrical body made from an elastic material preventing the yielding movements and/or pointlike contacts between spring coils from occurring. Thus, for example, in the clear internal region of the compression spring there is installed a cylindrical body which consists of an elastic material. Elastomers preferably used for this have the desirable attribute that they have a progressive characteristic curve of pressure and distance. Now, this material can prevent the spring coils from striking against each other. Because the spring undergoes a spherical broadening when placed under load on account of the compression of the elastic material, the above-described S-shaped yielding deformation is prevented from occurring. Thus, the two described drawbacks of the prior art are eliminated by the solution proposed according to the invention. The down times will be even further reduced and the fault susceptibility on the whole will be decreased.
Thanks to a suitable match between the outer diameter of the elastomer element and the clear inner diameter of the spiral compression spring, a specific nonlinear graduated suspension characteristic can also be created. This is another major benefit resulting from the use of the solution according to the invention.
The basic design of the device of the prior art has been changed by the solution according to the invention in such a way that there is no longer any central through bolt for the fastening. Instead, the design has now been chosen such that the spiral compression spring has end disks which in turn possess fastening features at the ends. In this way, the spring and further functional components are held in position in the unloaded state.
One advantageous modification of the solution according to the invention calls for the elastic material being an elastomer with a progressive characteristic curve of pressure and distance. The material chosen for the cylindrical elastomer body has a hardness of 60 to 120 Shore. A material having the hardness ranking of 90 Shore A is preferred. Such a material best fulfills the above-described desirable properties by means of which the benefits according to the invention can be achieved.
One advantageous modification of the solution according to the invention, as has been described above, is characterized in that the cylindrical elastomer body has a central through bore by means of which a further parameter for adjusting a specific suspension behavior is provided. In this way, an elastic yielding of the elastomer body may occur under a corresponding loading in the middle. A deformation and damage by a corresponding loading is specifically avoided in this way. The suspension behavior can be specifically influenced by changing the diameter of the bore. If one selects the diameter of the bore to be larger, the spring behavior becomes softer, while with a smaller bore the suspension becomes more rigid.
It is advantageous for the cylindrical body to be formed according to one modification of the invention as an elastomer spring element whose outer diameter corresponds to the inner diameter and/or the core diameter of the compression spring. This enhances the stability of the spring assembly. At the same time, the desired effects of the limiting of the spring distance and/or the damping of pressure under loading are achieved.
A crushing device as previously described is characterized in that the cylindrical body extends across only a portion of the internal spring distance. However, the invention also calls for the cylindrical body to extend across the entire internal spring distance of the compression spring. The above-described effects and/or desired properties can be achieved with both solutions by an appropriate adjustment.
Of course, it is also proposed according to the invention that the cylindrical body acts as an end position limit and/or end position buffer for the compression spring. The solution so described constitutes the preferred variant of the solution according to the invention.
The crushing device according to the invention is also characterized by design variants which have already proven themselves in the prior art, which in combination with the above-described solution proposals lead to further improvements in the crushing device. Thus, it is also proposed that a mounting as a part of the bearing is provided as a gimballed bearing on the base comb, on which the screening element is pivot-mounted, preferably pivoting in two different directions, e.g., pivoting horizontal and vertical orientation. In particular, the bearing pivoting in two different directions means that the screening elements can yield not only to larger vertically-oriented disturbing elements, but also to horizontal ones. Of course, this even further reduces the fault susceptibility of the device.
According to one modification of the above-described solution, it is proposed that the mounting is configured at a right angle and shaped as a fork at least on the side facing the screening element or angled on one side, in order to enclose the screening element. This solution in terms of design is totally different from the solution known in the prior art and it leads to a further improvement in the spring behavior and in particular a decrease of the fault susceptibility.
A further aspect of this modification is indicated by provision of a locking piece to secure the screening element, wherein the locking piece can be fastened by means of a fastening element on the mounting.
It is also advantageous for the compression spring to have end disks with fastening features at the ends. This is likewise part of the altered design solution in regard to the mounting.
It has also proven to be advantageous to provide the suspension spaced apart from and parallel to the mounting. In this way, sufficient room can be provided in the device for the arrangement of the spring.
A further aspect of the crushing device according to the invention is indicated by provision of a preferably interchangeable seat on the base comb, on which the mounting, the suspension and the screening element are interchangeably arranged. In this way, the entire seat, possibly also with mounted screening elements, can be dismounted together from the base comb and/or mounted again. Hence, entire subassemblies can be kept on hand, which can then be replaced accordingly in the stipulated instance. One may also provide different configurations of subassemblies for repair purposes. An individual mounting and/or an individual replacement of damaged screening elements is also made possible in this way.
The crushing device according to the invention is also characterized according to another modification in that the suspension comprises an adjusting device by means of which the preloading force of the spring and/or the attack angle of the screening element can be adjusted.
Of course, it is also provided according to the invention that a plurality of screening elements are arranged on the seat and the screening elements are provided as a collectively mountable and/or dismountable assembly with the seat.
It is furthermore advantageous for the screening element as a comb extension element to be adapted to and/or follow the radius of the crushing roller.
One advantageous modification of the invention proposes that the distance of the screening element from the crushing roller is adjustable. In this way, it is possible for example to establish the size of the crushed material, and/or to establish how large the material can be which is fed back to the crushing process once more.
It has proven to be especially advantageous for the crushing device according to the invention to be configured such that a pivoting device is provided by means of which the base comb can pivot about an axis. This enables the distance of the crushing tools from the counter blades to be changed, which is necessary if one would like to change the size of the crushed material. At the same time, one can move the base comb together with the counter blades and the screening elements toward the crushing roller and away from it again. Besides the desired distance adjustment, this attribute of the device may also be used for cleaning the roll gaps between the teeth if too much material is stuck there. This may occur, for example, with very moist material. Of course, this will hinder the crushing process as a whole, which can be eliminated by the above-described attribute of the device.
A further aspect of the invention is to be seen in that a toothed rack is provided, on which the counter blade is arranged individually or as an assembly with a plurality of counter blades.
The invention proposes that the crushing device and/or the comb system comprises at least the base comb, the toothed rack having counter blades and/or alternation teeth, and the screening device with the seat and screening elements as comb extension elements.
The screening device of the crushing device according to the invention is advantageously shaped as a basket. Here, individual screening elements form the basket.
The crushing device according to the invention is further characterized in that the position of the crushing roller and the screening device in the device is oriented substantially horizontally and/or the screening device encloses the crushing roller in the lower region in its erect position.
The invention shall now be described with the aid of exemplary embodiments.
One embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention shall be described below with the aid of the figures. It is pointed out that the drawn representation is only one example of a crushing device according to the invention, and should in no way be construed in limiting manner. In the drawings, the same features are given the same reference numbers, so that all the drawings can be described as a complex.
The invention has previously been described with the aid of an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this. The claims now and later submitted with the application are attempts at a wording without detriment to the achievement of a further protection.
The references mentioned in the dependent claims point to the further configuration of the object of the main claim by the features of the respective dependent claim. However, these should not be understood as being a renunciation of the achievement of an independent, substantive protection for the features of the dependent claims being referred to.
Features which have thus far been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the proceeding as being of important inventive significance, for example to distinguish them from the prior art.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20 2017 002 387.3 | May 2017 | DE | national |
20 2018 000 803.6 | Feb 2018 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/EP2018/000240 | 5/7/2018 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2018/206143 | 11/15/2018 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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2261090 | Lind | Oct 1941 | A |
4836457 | Greiner | Jun 1989 | A |
5472147 | Doppstadt | Dec 1995 | A |
7909277 | Doppstadt | Mar 2011 | B2 |
7992812 | Doppstadt | Aug 2011 | B2 |
9573137 | Van der Galien | Feb 2017 | B2 |
10099224 | Peterson | Oct 2018 | B2 |
20090121058 | Doppstadt | May 2009 | A1 |
20100252670 | Kitaguchi | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20170361331 | Doppstadt et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
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202015003527 | Mar 2016 | DE |
1444158 | Dec 1988 | SU |
Entry |
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International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Application No. PCT/EP2018/000240, dated Nov. 21, 2019. |
International Search Report for International Application No. PCT/EP2018/000240, dated Sep. 17, 2018. |
Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/EP2018/000240, dated Sep. 17, 2018. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20200070177 A1 | Mar 2020 | US |