Patent Application
20160194601
This invention relates to a method for culturing microorganisms, and specifically relates to a culturing method that is suitable for the storage of bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas for a long period of time.
Bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas are known as microorganisms that suppress the proliferation of plant pathogenic bacteria, on which various studies are conducted. If the action of bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas to suppress the proliferation of plant pathogenic bacteria is revealed, then practical use of these bacteria in microorganism agrochemicals can be expected.
Microorganisms that are incorporated in microorganism agrochemicals are desired to have high storage stability so as to exert the actions possessed by the respective microorganisms.
As the storage of microorganisms, a freeze storage-drying method, a storage method utilizing a freeze storage-drying method suggested in Patent Literature 1, and the like are known.
The inventors conducted intensive studies so as to obtain a method for storing microorganisms which enables storage for a long period of time other than the above-mentioned conventionally-known methods for storing microorganisms.
Consequently, the inventors succeeded in storing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas for about one year by adding Towada stone, which is green tuff, as an additive, under certain conditions of a culture medium, or after pre-culturing.
Therefore, this invention aims at providing novel culturing and storage methods that are suitable for storing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas for a long period of time.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the following inventions are suggested.
The invention of claim 1 is a method for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas, including culturing the bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas in a culture medium containing a rice bran culture medium and/or a soy pulp culture medium in a sealed state.
The invention of claim 2 is the method for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas according to claim 1, wherein green tuff is added as an additive to the culture medium containing a rice bran culture medium and/or a soy pulp culture medium.
The invention of claim 3 is a method for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas, including culturing the bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas in a culture medium containing green tuff.
The invention of claim 4 is a method for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas, wherein, in claim 3, the bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas is cultured by adjusting a ratio of a weight of the green tuff to a water content in a culture liquid to be 7:3.
The invention of claim 5 is a method for storing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas, including storing cultured bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas under an ordinary temperature in any one of claims 1 to 4.
According to this invention, novel culturing and storage methods that are suitable for storing bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas for a long period of time can be provided.
Hereinafter the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be explained.
The microorganisms used in the exemplary embodiments were microorganisms belonging to the Collimonas sp. Examples of the microorganisms belonging to the Collimonas sp. include D-25 strain, Cal2 strain and Cal31 strain. Among these, the mycological properties of D-25 strain are as shown in Tables 1 to 3.
Bacillus, extended type is present
D-25 strain, which has the mycological properties described in Tables 1 to 3, was assumed to be relegated to the Collimonas taxon. This strain was deposited with the accession number NITE P-1104 with the Patent Microorganisms Depositary of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba, Japan) on Jun. 9, 2011.
Towada stone as the additive used in this exemplary embodiment is green tuff that is mined in Hinaimachi, Odate-shi, Akita, Japan, has a formal nomenclature “quartz dacitic pumiceous tuff”, and is known under the name of “green tuff”.
Towada stone is characterized by being a composite ore having a mineral composition containing quartz, albite, chlorite and the like as mineral composition, and much minerals. Furthermore, since Towada stone is porous, and thus has actions to adsorb and release substances, and the like, it is also utilized as an agricultural fertilizer. The major composition of Towada stone is shown in Table 4.
Storage of Collimonas sp. D-25 strain (hereinafter referred to as “D-25 strain”) was tried in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium and a R2A culture medium of D-25 strain by adding glycerin and Towada stone.
The culture medium in the pre-culturing was used as an R2A culture medium. The culture media in the main culturing were used as a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium and an R2A culture medium. Glycerin and Towada stone were used as the additive materials for the culture media in the main culturing. The composition of the R2A culture medium is as follows.
Yeast extract: 0.5 g
Casamino acid: 0.5 g
Soluble starch: 0.5 g
Sodium pyruvate: 0.5 g
K2HPO4: 0.3 g
D-25 strain was inoculated into 2 mL of an R2A culture medium with a pick, pre-cultured for 2 days, at 24° C. at 200 rpm, and the number of the viable bacteria was counted.
After the pre-culturing, 2% of D-25 strain was inoculated into 10 mL of an R2A culture medium, and 10 mL of a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium (rice bran and soy pulp: each 1% (w/v)), respectively, and the culture media were subjected to main culturing for 6 days, at 24° C. at 200 rpm.
1,000 μL of each of the bacteria liquids of the R2A culture medium and the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium on day 6 of the culturing was dispensed into a 1.5 mL sample tube, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 3 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded, whereby a fungus body was obtained.
Four pieces of sample tubes containing only each fungus body were prepared, and aqueous solutions containing glycerin at concentrations of 0% (only sterilized distilled water), 10% (W/W), 30% (W/W) and 50% (W/W), each 1 mL, were added to the respective four sample tubes, and the sample tubes were sealed with paraffin films and allowed to stand still at 24° C.
Furthermore, fungus bodies from the respective bacteria liquids of the above-mentioned R2A culture medium and the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium on day 6 of the culturing were obtained. Two pieces of sample tubes containing each fungus body alone were separately prepared, and 200 μL of sterilized water was added to the respective two sample tubes, sterilized Towada stone was further added by 0.5 g and 1.0 g, respectively, the sample tubes were thoroughly subjected to vortex, the openings were thoroughly wrapped with paraffin films, and the sample tubes were allowed to stand still at 24° C.
For the samples that had undergone the main culturing in the above-mentioned R2A culture medium and rice bran-soy pulp culture medium, the number of the viable bacteria was counted on day 0, day 2, day 4 and day 6. For the samples to which the above-mentioned glycerin had been added, the number of the viable bacteria was counted on day 3 and day 6. For the samples to which the above-mentioned Towada stone had been added, the number of the viable bacteria was counted on day 6.
For the D-25 strain that had been pre-cultured in the R2A culture medium, the number of the viable bacteria on day 2 of the culturing was 5.67×109 cfu/ml. Tables 5 to 7 respectively show the results of the count of the number of the viable bacteria of the D-25 strain in the above-mentioned samples that had undergone the main culturing in the R2A culture medium and the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium, the sample to which the above-mentioned glycerin had been added, and the sample to which the above-mentioned Towada stone had been added.
When the samples in which D-25 strain was cultured in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium and an R2A culture medium are compared, the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium showed more excellent proliferation property as a whole, and the number of the viable bacteria was able to be retained for a long time period (Table 5). Furthermore, 108 cfu/ml was maintained under an ordinary temperature even after 8 months had passed. The reason therefor is considered that, since the culture medium components were carried into at large amounts in the centrifugation of the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium (a part of the rice bran and the soy pulp precipitates as a precipitation), the number of the viable bacteria was able to be maintained for a long time.
Bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas are known as microorganisms that proliferate under a poor nutrition environment, for example, microorganisms that proliferate in an R2A culture medium, but are difficult to proliferate in a culture medium containing much nutrient contents. Furthermore, regarding the storage of the bacteria, it is known that the bacteria are stored at a low temperature of 4° C. or less.
From the results of the count of the number of the viable bacteria in the above-mentioned D-25 strain, it was confirmed that the bacteria proliferate also in the rice bran-soy pulp culture medium, which contains more nutrient contents than that of the above-mentioned R2A culture medium, and it can also be confirmed that the number of the viable bacteria can be maintained under an ordinary temperature over 8 months under a sealed condition.
Furthermore, it is considered that, if sterilized Towada stone is added to a sealable container, D-25 strain is added thereto and then a small amount of water is added thereto, the bacteria can be stored in a powdery form judging from appearance (Table 7). This method can prevent the death of fungus bodies due to vacuum drying and lyophilization.
The storage of D-25 strain in a rice bran culture medium or a soy pulp culture medium, or in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium was tried. The culture medium in the pre-culturing was the same as the R2A culture medium described in Example 1.
D-25 strain was inoculated into 2 mL of a R2A culture medium with a pick, pre-cultured for 2 days, at 24° C. at 200 rpm, and the culture liquid was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 3 minutes, the supernatant was removed, an equivalent amount of saline was added thereto, and this was used as a bacteria liquid for inoculation.
A soy pulp-rice bran culture medium (each 1% (w/v)), a soy pulp culture medium (1% (w/v)) and a rice bran culture medium (1% (w/v)), each 100 mL, were prepared in flasks, and inoculation was conducted by adding 100 μL of the bacteria liquid prepared above. After the inoculation, the culture media were cultured under shaking for 6 days at 24° C. and 200 rpm, and the numbers of the viable bacteria were counted.
Thereafter, each culture liquid was transferred from the flask to a bottle, and static culturing was conducted. The number of the viable bacteria was counted every week in the first four weeks, thereafter the number of the viable bacteria was counted every month. The results of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria of D-25 strain in the above-mentioned three kinds of culture liquids are shown in
In the soy pulp-rice bran culture medium, the bacteria proliferated to 1010 cfu/ml on day 6 (
At after 1 week from the transfer to the bottle, the bacteria decreased by 102 cfu/ml in each culture medium (
After transferred to the bottle, the number of the viable bacteria became 10 times in 2 weeks, and was retained at 108 cfu/ml for another two months, in the soy pulp-rice bran culture medium (
In the soy pulp culture medium, the number of the viable bacteria became 1/10 in 2 weeks, and increased to 10 times again in 3 weeks. Thereafter the number was retained at 107 cfu/ml (
In the rice bran culture medium, the number of the viable bacteria decreased to 1/10 in 3 weeks, and was retained at 106 cfu/ml thereafter.
It was confirmed also in this Example that D-25 strain proliferates in rice bran and soy pulp culture media, and that the number of the viable bacteria is retained at a predetermined number.
The storage of respective strains: D-25 strain, Collimonas sp Cal2 strain (hereinafter referred to as “Cal2 strain”) and Collimonas sp. Cal31 strain (hereinafter referred to as “Cal31 strain”) in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium was tried. The culture medium in the pre-culturing was the same as the R2A culture medium described in Example 1.
The D-25 strain, Cal2 strain and Cal31 strain that had been stored in the R2A culture medium at 4° C. were each inoculated in a new R2A liquid culture medium, and pre-cultured at 24° C. for 2 days.
After the pre-culturing, 20 mL of a culture medium to which rice bran and soy pulp had been added by each 1% was prepared, and 200 μL of the pre-culture liquid was inoculated (1% inoculation). After the inoculation, culturing was conducted under shaking at 24° C. for 3 days at 120 rpm.
After the culturing, the numbers of the viable bacteria were counted for Cal2 strain and Cal31 strain, and whether or not these strains show similar growth to that of D-25 strain was confirmed.
For the Cal2 strain, Cal31 strain and D-25 strain pre-cultured in the R2A culture medium, the numbers of the viable bacteria after the pre-culturing were respectively as follows.
D-25 strain: 4.3×109 cfu/mL
Cal2 strain: 1.8×109 cfu/mL
Cal31 strain: 5.3×109 cfu/mL
Table 8 shows the result of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria for the Cal2 strain, Cal31 strain and D-25 strain.
For the Cal2 strain and Cal31 strain, it was found that both of these strains grow up to 109 cfu/ml when cultured in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium for 3 days. The D-25 strain showed a slightly higher number of the viable bacteria than those of the Cal2 strain and Cal31 strain.
It was suggested by this Example that strains belonging to the genus Collimonas (Collimonas sp.) proliferate in rice bran and soy pulp culture media, and that a predetermined number of viable bacteria can be retained.
Using the culture liquid of D-25 strain, which was cultured in a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium in Example 3, an experiment for preparing a microorganism formulation was conducted.
As a support for fixing D-25 strain, Towada stone, which had been processed into a powdery form, was used.
The culture liquid of D-25 strain by a rice bran-soy pulp culture medium prepared in Example 3 was dispensed into a 2 mL centrifuge tube (15 mL volume). The number of the viable bacteria was 1.5×1010 cfu/2 mL.
A Towada stone powder that had undergone a dry heat sterilization treatment was prepared, 5 g of which was added to the above-mentioned centrifuge tube including the culture liquid of D-25 strain, and the mixture was stirred by a Mothers small reactor. The stirring was conducted three times in total, for 1 minute respectively, with changing the upper and lower attachment positions. During the stirring, some agglomerates with large particle sizes of Towada stone were produced, and were processed by crushing with a platinum loop.
0.2 g of the prepared formulation was weighed, and 1 mL of sterilized water was added thereto, and the number of the viable bacteria of D-25 strain was counted by using this.
The number of the viable bacteria of the D-25 strain to which Towada stone was added was 5.5×107 cfu/g, and thus a microorganism formulation of about 107 cfu/g was to be prepared. The factor of the decrease in the number of the viable bacteria includes too vigorous stirring. However, since Collimonas sp. can ensure a large amount of bacteria within a short time, it is considered that this decrease can be covered by increasing the initial injection amount.
In Example 1, it was considered that it is possible to store D-25 strain in a powdery form by adding Towada stone to a culture liquid of D-25 strain. Therefore, in this Example, the content of the Towada stone powder and the water content suitable for the growth of bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas were considered.
The bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas used in this Example was used as D-25 strain. As a support for fixing D-25 strain, Towada stone was used, which had been processed into a powdery form of from 1 μm to 80 μm.
The Towada stone powder was weighed 0.9 g, 0.7 g and 0.5 g, and each was dispensed in a test tube, and subjected to a sterilization treatment in a dry heat sterilizer.
A pre-culture liquid of Collimonas D-25, which had been inoculated from an R2A culture medium to a 1/10 TSB culture medium in advance and pre-cultured, was prepared, and 0.9 g of a Towada stone powder to which 100 μL of the above-mentioned pre-culture liquid had been inoculated (Sample 1), 0.7 g of a Towada stone powder to which 100 μL of the above-mentioned pre-culture liquid had been inoculated and 200 μL of sterilized water had been added (Sample 2), and 0.5 g of a Towada stone powder to which 100 μL of the above-mentioned pre-culture liquid had been inoculated and 400 μL of sterilized water had been added (Sample 3) were prepared. After the inoculation, culturing was conducted at room temperature. The states of the culturing are shown in
After 4 days of culturing, in order to measure the number of the viable bacteria, 3 mL of sterilized water was added to each sample, and the sample was stirred by vortex for 30 seconds. After the stirring, the sample was allowed to stand still for 10 minutes to precipitate the Towada stone powder, and the number of the viable bacteria of D-25 strain was counted by using the supernatant.
Table 9 shows the results of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria of D-25 strain. The numbers of the viable bacteria are represented by the values when 3 mL of sterilized water was added. Furthermore, the states of the D-25 strain during the count are shown in
For Sample 1, the growth of D-25 strain was not seen. In
For Samples 2 and 3, the growth of D-25 strain was confirmed. Specifically, in Sample 3, viable bacteria were confirmed up to 104 cfu/mL.
In Example 4, when D-25 strain was inoculated into the Towada stone powder, and sterilized water was added, the growth of D-25 strain was able to be confirmed. Therefore, in this Example, an experiment for confirming a weight ratio of the Towada stone to the water content suitable for the growth of D-25 strain was conducted.
D-25 strain was cultured for a week in a culture medium containing Towada stone, and vacuum drying was conducted for three days (a reduced pressure treatment was conducted once, for about 30 seconds) to remove the water content. After the drying, 3 mL of sterilized water was added, the resultant was suspended, and the number of the viable bacteria in the suspension liquid was counted.
0.9 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated
0.7 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated, and 200 μL of sterilized water was added
0.5 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated, and 400 μL of sterilized water was added
As a result of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria, the growth of D-25 strain was not detected in any sample, unlike as indicated in
Samples in which the ratio of the weight of Towada stone and the amount of the water content of the water content containing the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain and sterilized water was adjusted to 7:3 and 5:5, respectively, were prepared, and the respective number of the viable bacteria of D-25 strain was counted.
As illustrated in
In the above-mentioned Experimental Method 1, since the Collimonas was killed when a vacuum drying treatment was conducted after the culturing of D-25 strain, TSB and 3% of glycerin were added instead of the sterilized water, and culturing was tried. In addition, the number of the viable bacteria of the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was 2.6×107 cfu/mL.
Culturing was conducted in the prepared sample for 4 days, 3 mL of sterilized water was added thereto to forma suspension liquid, and the number of the viable bacteria was counted.
Sample 1: 0.7 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated, and 200 μL of TSB and 3% of glycerin were added
(The ratio of the weight of the Towada stone to the amount of the water content of the water content containing the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was 7:3)
Sample 2: 0.6 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated, and 300 μL of TSB and 3% of glycerin were added
(The ratio of the weight of the Towada stone to the amount of the water content of the water content containing the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was 6:4)
Sample 3: 0.5 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated, and 400 μL of TSB and 3% of glycerin were added
(The ratio of the weight of the Towada stone to the amount of the water content of the water content containing the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was 5:5)
The results of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria are shown in Table 10.
As illustrated in
It was confirmed by this Example that D-25 strain can be cultured not only in Towada stone alone, but also in a TSB culture medium (slightly diluted by a bacteria liquid) with Towada stone.
Furthermore, it was suggested that, in the case when the ratio of the weight of the Towada stone to the amount of the water content of the water content containing the pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain is 7:3, the culturing of D-25 strain can be promoted, and thus it is possible to store for a long period of time.
In Examples 4 and 5, when D-25 strain was inoculated into the Towada stone powder and sterilized water was added, the growth of the D-25 strain was able to be confirmed. Therefore, as a reference example, an experiment to confirm the growth states of the D-25 strain with changing the conditions of the Towada stone powder and D-25 strain and to observe the suppress ion effect of a bacterium belonging to the genus Collimonas on plant pathogenic bacteria was conducted.
Sample 1: 0.7 g of a Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated and 200 μL of sterilized water was added
Sample 2: 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain, to which 900 μL of sterilized water was added
Sample 3: 0.7 g of an unsterilized Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated and 300 μL of sterilized water was added
Sample 4: 0.7 g of a sterilized Towada stone powder, to which 100 μL of a pre-culture liquid of D-25 strain was inoculated and 300 μL of sterilized water was added
Collimonas D-25 strain was pre-cultured under shaking in a 1/10 TSB culture medium for 4 days at 24° C. The number of the viable bacteria after the pre-culturing was 2.6×107 cfu/mL.
Each sample was prepared and subjected to static culturing at room temperature for 2 days, 3 mL of sterilized water was added to each sample, and the resultant was stirred by using vortex. For D-25 in the stirred culture liquid, the number of the viable bacteria was counted by using a 1/10 TSA culture medium.
Furthermore, a culture liquid of each sample was inoculated in 10 μL of TSA and 1/10 TSA culture medium, and an agar slice of Rhizoctonia was inoculated at the same time. The culturing was conducted at room temperature, and whether or not D-25 strain suppresses Rhizoctonia was observed.
The results of the count of the numbers of the viable bacteria are shown in Table 11.
Since proliferation was also observed in Sample 2, it seems that it is appropriate to consider that the proliferation is caused by the nutrient contents that were brought by the 1/10 TSB in the pre-culturing rather than by the elution of the nutrient contents from the Towada stone.
When D-25 was cultured in Towada stone and the suppression effect on the plant pathogenic bacteria was confirmed, the blocking circles were formed more clearly than those in D-25 alone.
Furthermore, when an experiment of a suppression effect was conducted without a sterilization treatment of Towada stone, considerably large blocking circles were formed.
For the former case, it is assumed that, when Towada stone is added, a gene that reinforces the proliferation of microorganisms and the phagocytosis action of chitinase and the like is expressed by the effect of the minerals and the like in the Towada stone.
For the latter case, it was confirmed by visual observation that several kinds of bacteria and molds resided in Towada stone, and a matter that looked like the inhibition of the growth of fungal filaments was confirmed at the boundaries of the blocking circles. Therefore, the presence of a microorganism having a strong antibacterial activity was suggested.
This invention enables storage of bacteria belonging to the genus Collimonas for a long period of time, and thus the bacteria can be utilized as microorganism agrochemicals.
Furthermore, since it is also possible to use green tuff as a support, the bacteria can be utilized as coating materials for plant seeds.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/073781 | 9/4/2013 | WO | 00 |
