Patent Application
20120104965
The disclosure relates to lighting systems and more particularly to drivers or ballasts for powering light sources such as LED arrays, fluorescent or other discharge light sources or lamps (e.g., HID). Many lighting system installations include a user-operated control unit, such as a wall-mounted switch or dimmer control, allowing controlled operation of a light source that is mounted remotely from the control device.
A high in-rush of current or high current peaks to the light source(s) (e.g., compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs) is a common problem association with a dimmable CFL ballast when the lamp is just turned “on” or when the dimmer operates more than one dimmable lamp.
Another problem relates to cross-impact between multiple lamps such as in a chandelier and the need to limit flickering.
Still another problem is associated with current ringing when one or more dimmable lamps are connected to a dimmer. Current ringing or ripple is an undesired current oscillation that may occur in response to a sudden change in the current, such as turning the lamp “on”.
Therefore a need exists to address one or more of these problems in a simple, effective, and low cost manner, and that advantageously permits dimmable lamps such as CFLs to be used with lower cost dimmers.
An improved ballast or driver circuit is provided for one or more dimmable light sources such as a compact fluorescent lamp or CFL, discharge lamp, or LED array.
In a preferred arrangement, a ballast circuit located between an associated dimmer switch and at least one associated lamp includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter operatively disposed between the associated dimmer switch and the at least one associated lamp. The EMI filter includes an inductor. A low pass filter interfaces between the EMI filter and the associated dimmer switch for reducing high current peaks when the at least one lamp is turned on.
The low pass filter is preferably in series with the EMI filter, particularly the low pass filter is in series with the inductor of the EMI filter.
The EMI filter further includes first and second capacitors in parallel relation with the at least one associated lamp, where the low pass filter is an inductor.
A method of reducing current ringing in a lamp circuit includes providing an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter between an associated dimming switch and an associated light source and adding an inductor between the EMI filter and the associated dimming switch.
The preferred method includes using a series inductance, i.e., placing the inductor that acts as a low pass filter in series with an inductor of the EMI filter.
The method further includes locating the inductor between the dimmer switch and upstream of the EMI filter.
One benefit is the reduction or substantial elimination of high in-rush current to the lamp(s).
A further advantage resides in the ability to eliminate current ringing.
Yet another advantage is associated with decreasing the cross-impact between individual lamps operated in a multiple light source environment such as a chandelier, and thereby reducing flickering.
Still other features and benefits of the disclosure may be realized upon reading and understanding the following detailed description.
An electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 150 is coupled to the input terminals 122a, 122b. In this example, the EMI filter 150 includes a C-L-C filter circuit with an input parallel capacitance 152, a series inductance or inductor 154 and a further parallel capacitance 156.
A rectifier portion 160 of the ballast is coupled with the input 122 (e.g., through the EMI filter 150 in the illustrated example) and includes one or more passive or active rectifiers (e.g., diodes) to convert the AC input power to provide rectifier DC output power. The rectifier portion of the ballast is shown as a passive full bridge rectifier 160 constructed using diodes 162, 164, 166, 168 forming a rectifier bridge circuit receiving the AC input power through the EMI filter 150 and providing rectifier DC output power at rectifier output terminals 170a, 170b.
The ballast 120 further includes an output power stage 180 having one or more power conversion circuits (not shown) operatively coupled with the rectifier output teiiiiinals 170a, 170b to convert the rectifier DC output power to provide ballast or driver output power to the light source(s) 140. A DC bus capacitance 190 is coupled between the output of the rectifier 170a, 170b and the output power stage 180.
In certain embodiments, the ballast 120 is an LED driver circuit, with the output power stage 180 having a DC to DC converter circuit coupled with the rectifier output terminals 170a and 170b to convert the rectifier DC output power to provide DC driver output power to at least one LED light source 140. In other embodiments, the apparatus ballast or driver circuit 120 is a fluorescent lamp ballast, where the output power stage 180 includes a DC to DC converter as well as an inverter providing AC output power to one or more fluorescent light sources 140 via output terminals 200a and 200b. The DC to DC converter may be omitted in certain ballast implementations, with the inverter directly converting the output of the rectifier 160 to provide AC output power to the light source(s) 140.
To this above-described ballast is added a low pass, current ringing and transient filter 300 that is disposed between the AC inputs 122a, 122b to the ballast and the EMI filter. More specifically, the current ringing filter 300 is a part of the ballast and located upstream of the EMI filter between the dimmer 130 and the EMI filter. The current ringing filter 300 is an inductor 302 that is disposed in series with the inductor 154 of the EMI filter, In a dimmable lighting arrangement, ringing results in the input current, i.e., high frequency ringing occurs in the current line when the dimmer switch 132 is closed. There is a need for cooperation between the dimmer and the lamp so that the dimmer and the lamp input do not interfere with one another. The current ringing filter is a series inductor and as one skilled in the art will appreciate, has a value or is sized dependent on the value of the EMI filter.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several possible embodiments of various aspects of the present disclosure, wherein equivalent alterations and/or modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon reading and understanding this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components (assemblies, devices, systems, circuits, and the like), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component, such as hardware, processor-executed software, or combinations thereof, which performs the specified function of the described component (i.e., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the illustrated implementations of the disclosure. In addition, although a particular feature of the disclosure may have been illustrated and/or described with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, references to singular components or items are intended, unless otherwise specified, to encompass two or more such components or items. Also, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in the detailed description and/or in the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”. The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.
