Claims
- 1. A compound of the formula (II) or (III): ##STR10## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations, m is the number of M.sup.+ cations and n is an integer.
- 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein M.sup.+ comprises a hydrogen cation, an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, a group III metal cation, a lanthanide cation, an actinide cation, a cationic form of a primary amine, a cationic form of a secondary amine, a cationic form of a tertiary amine, a cationic form of a polyamine, a cationic form of an amino acid, a cationic form of a dendrimeric amine, a cationic form of a heterocycle, an ammonium cation, a quarternary ammonium cation, a cationic hydrazine derivative, an amidinium cation, a sulfoxonium cation, a sulfonium cation, a phosphonium cation, a guanidinium cation, hydrogen, a cationic form of a biologically active amine or mixtures thereof.
- 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein M.sup.+ is an alkali metal cation.
- 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein M.sup.+ is a lithium cation, a sodium cation or a potassium cation.
- 5. The compound of claim 2, wherein M.sup.+ is an ammonium cation.
- 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein M.sup.+ is an ammonium derivative.
- 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is an isopropylammonium cation.
- 8. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is an dimethylammonium cation.
- 9. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is a 2-hydroxyethylammonium cation.
- 10. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is a triethylammonium cation.
- 11. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is a trimethylammonium cation.
- 12. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is a tetramethylammonium cation.
- 13. The compound of claim 6, wherein M.sup.+ is a tetrabutylammonium cation.
- 14. The compound of claim 2, wherein M.sup.+ is a sulfonium cation.
- 15. The compound of claim 14, wherein M.sup.+ is a trimethyl sulfonium cation.
- 16. The compound of claim 2, wherein M.sup.+ is a phosphonium cation.
- 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein M.sup.+ is a tetramethylphosphonium cation.
- 18. The compound of claim 2, wherein M.sup.+ is a sulfoxonium cation.
- 19. The compound of claim 18, wherein M.sup.+ is a trimethylsulfoxonium cation.
- 20. The compound of claim 1, wherein the cation is herbicidally active.
- 21. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula (II) or (III) and n is an integer from 0 to 10.
- 22. The compound of claim 21, wherein the compound is of formula (II) or (III) and n is an integer from 0 to 5.
- 23. The compound of claim 22, wherein the compound is of formula (II) or (III) and n is an integer from 0 to 2.
- 24. The cyclic compound of the formula: ##STR11## wherein n is 3 to 8.
- 25. A compound of claim 16, wherein the compound is of the formula (IV) or (V): ##STR12##
- 26. A process for preparing a cyanophosphonate compound of the formula (I): wherein M.sup.+ comprises a suitable monovalent or polyvalent cation and m is the number of M.sup.+ cations;
- comprising contacting phosphoric anhydride and a cyanide, where the cyanide is selected from hydrogen cyanide and a cyanide salt in a reaction mixture under sufficient conditions to produce the cyanophosphate compound.
- 27. The process of claim 26, wherein the cyanide is hydrogen cyanide, an alkali metal cyanide, an alkaline earth metal cyanide, an ammonium cyanide, a tetraalkyl ammonium cyanide, a tetraalkyl phosphonium cyanide, a trialkyl sulfonium cyanide, a cyanide of a cationic form of an organic amine or mixtures thereof.
- 28. The process of claim 27, wherein the cyanide is hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, lithium cyanide, tetrabutylammonium cyanide or mixtures thereof.
- 29. The process of claim 26, wherein the molar ratio of the cyanide to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is from about 1 to about 15.
- 30. The process of claim 29, wherein the molar ratio of the cyanide to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is in the range of about 2 to about 10.
- 31. The process of claim 30, wherein the molar ratio of the cyanide to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is in the range of about 3.5 to about 8.5.
- 32. The process of claim 26, wherein the temperature of the reaction mixture during the contacting step is in the range of about -20.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C.
- 33. The process of claim 32, wherein the temperature of the reaction mixture during the contacting step is in the range of about 30 to about 90.degree. C.
- 34. The process of claim 26, wherein the reaction time ranges from about 0.1 to about 50 hours.
- 35. The process of claim 34, wherein the reaction time ranges from about 0.5 to about 20 hours.
- 36. The process of claim 35, wherein the reaction time ranges from about 1 to about 6 hours.
- 37. The process of claim 26, wherein the reaction mixture further contains a solvent.
- 38. The process of claim 37, wherein the solvent is a polar solvent.
- 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, benzonitrile, adiponitrile, propionitrile, dimethylacetonitrile, benzyl cyanide, sulfolane or mixtures thereof.
- 40. The process of claim 39, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, benzyl cyanide or adiponitrile.
- 41. The process of claim 26, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises a Lewis base.
- 42. The process of claim 41, wherein the Lewis base is triethylamine, diglyme, 4-isopropylpyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, tris�2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl!amine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine, trimethylamine, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino) naphthalene, 4-ethylpyridine, phenanthroline, piperidine, N,N,N,N-tetramethyl ethylenediamine, 1,4,7,10,13-pentamethyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane, quinuclidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, 1,4-diazobicyclo�2.2.2! octane, 1-butylimidazole, 3-benzylpyridine, 1,5-pentamethylenetetrazole, tris�2(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl!amine, N,N-dimethylaniline, collidine, N-benzylidine aniline, triphenylphosphine or mixtures thereof.
- 43. The process of claim 42, wherein the Lewis base is 4-t-butylpyridine, 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine, quinuclidine or N-methylpyrrolidine.
- 44. The process of claim 41, wherein the molar ratio of Lewis base to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is in the range of 1 to 10.
- 45. The process of claim 44, wherein the molar ratio of Lewis base to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is in the range of 2 to 8.
- 46. The process of claim 45, wherein the molar ratio of Lewis base to phosphoric anhydride added to the reaction mixture is in the range of 3 to 6.
- 47. A compound of the formula (I): ##STR13## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, a group III metal cation, a lanthanide cation, an actinide cation, a cationic form of a primary amine, a cationic form of a secondary amine, a cationic form of a tertiary amine, a cationic form of a polyamine, a cationic form of an amino acid, a cationic form of a dendrimeric amine, a cationic form of a heterocycle, an ammonium cation, a quarternary ammonium cation, a cationic hydrazine derivative, an amidinium cation, a sulfoxonium cation, a sulfonium cation, a phosphonium cation, a guanidinium cation, hydrogen, a cationic form of a biologically active amine and mixtures thereon, and m is the number of M.sup.+ cation.
- 48. A process for preparing at least one cyanophosphonate compound of the formula (II) or (III): ##STR14## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations, m is the number of M.sup.+ cations and n is an integer; ##STR15## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations, m is the number of M.sup.+ cations and n is an integer;
- comprising contacting phosphoric anhydride and hydrogen cyanide or a cyanide salt in a reaction mixture under sufficient conditions to produce at least one cyanophosphate compound, wherein the reaction mixture contains a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzyl cyanide and sulfolane.
- 49. A process for preparing at least one cyanophosphonate compound of the formula (II) or (III): ##STR16## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations, m is the number of M.sup.+ cations and n is an integer; ##STR17## wherein M.sup.+ is one or more suitable monovalent or polyvalent cations, m is the number of M.sup.+ cations and n is an integer;
- comprising contacting phosphoric anhydride and hydrogen cyanide or a cyanide salt in a reaction mixture under sufficient conditions to produce at least one cyanophosphate compound, wherein the reaction mixture contains a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of 4-isopropylpyridine and piperidine.
Parent Case Info
This application claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 60/034,514, filed Dec. 30, 1996.
US Referenced Citations (6)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
300 936 |
Sep 1992 |
DEX |