Patent Grant
9055662
This application is a national phase application of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/061238, filed Jul. 4, 2011, designating the United States and claiming priority to Belgian Patent Application No. 201000415, filed Jul 9, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to a cyclotron and to a method for modifying the magnetic field profile in the cyclotron according to the <<charge-over-mass>> ratio of a particle to be accelerated.
Cyclotrons are circular accelerators with which charged particles may be accelerated, such as positive ions (protons, deuterons, helium nuclei, alpha particles, etc.) or negative ions (H−, D−, etc.), which are used i.a. for producing radioactive isotopes, for radiotherapy, or for experimental purposes. A cyclotron of the isochronous type essentially comprises:
An example of a cyclotron of the isochronous type is described in document BE1009669. In an isochronous cyclotron, the profile of the magnetic field should be such that the frequency of rotation of the particles is constant and independent of their energy. In order to compensate the relativistic mass increase of the particles, the average magnetic field should increase with the radius so as to ensure this isochronism condition. In order to describe this relationship, the field index is defined by the following relationship (1):
wherein dB/B and dR/R are respectively relative variations of the magnetic field B and of the radius with respect to the radius R.
The increase in the intensity of the magnetic field is effected according to a law given by equation (2):
wherein
In certain isochronous cyclotrons, the sectors are machined so as to accelerate one type of particle with a well specified <<charge over mass>> q/m. For example a cyclotron for which the sectors are machined for accelerating particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio q/m=½ may accelerate alpha particles, deuterons D−, HH+, 6Li3+, 10B5+ or 12C6+ or other particles with the same q/m ratio=½. The acceleration of another type of particles with a ratio of q/m=1 requires the use of another cyclotron for which the sectors are machined for acceleration of this type of particles.
It is nevertheless possible in an isochronous cyclotron to pass from a first magnetic field profile allowing acceleration of a first type of particles to a second magnetic field profile for accelerating a second type of particles, wherein by means of concentric annular coils for magnetic field correction, positioned at the surface of the poles according to a well specified distribution, each of said concentric coils being connected to a specific current generator in order to induce the required additional magnetic field. An example of such a device is described in document U.S. Pat. No. 3,789,355. Nevertheless, the number of coils each connected to a specific current generator, the distribution of these coils and the current to be applied in each coil for obtaining the desired magnetic field, complicate the making and the use of this kind of cyclotrons.
Other cyclotrons, such as the Cyclone 18/9 of IBA, have been designed so as to be able to accelerate different types of ions characterized by their different <<charge-over-mass>> ratio q/m. The cyclone 18/9 may accelerate protons (q/m=1) to an energy of 18 MeV, deuterons (q/m=½) to an energy of 9 MeV. The isochronous magnetic field profile has to be adapted depending on the type of particles to be accelerated.
In the case of low energy cyclotrons, the corrections to be carried out on the magnetic field for passing from one magnetic field profile intended for accelerating particles with a ratio q/m=½ to a magnetic field profile intended for accelerating particles with a ratio q/m=1 do not require the application of an additional magnetic field which is too large. In a first approximation, it is considered that for accelerating protons, the profile of the average magnetic field versus the average radius varies by increasing by about 1% per <<step>> of 10 MeV. The profile of the average magnetic field versus the average radius increases by about 0.5% per step of 10 MeV for the case of deuterons. For example, for a 10/5 cyclotron capable of accelerating protons to an energy of 10 MeV and deuterons to an energy of 5 MeV, the variation of the average magnetic field from the center of the cyclotron to the end of the poles is of 1% for the proton and 0.25% for the deuteron. In this case, said ferromagnetic plates as used in the Cyclone 18/9 and Cyclone 30/15 are sufficient for producing the additional magnetic field required for accelerating protons. If it is desired to design a cyclotron capable of accelerating protons to 70 MeV and deuterons to 35 MeV, the variation of the profile of the average magnetic field from the center of the cyclotron towards the end of the poles would have to be about 7% for accelerating protons and 1.75% for accelerating deuterons. For accelerating deuterons, the variation of the profile of the average magnetic field versus the average radius only requires adequate machining of the sectors, i.e. an azimuthal widening of the hills in proximity to the ends of the poles. If this solution for accelerating deuterons poses very little problems as regards manufacturing, on the other hand for accelerating protons, said ferromagnetic plates should be able to reduce sufficient additional magnetic field for obtaining the desired average magnetic field profile versus the average radius. With said ferromagnetic plates, it is not possible to produce a sufficiently large additional magnetic field for ensuring isochronism. On the other hand, the volume comprised between two hills does not allow azimuthal widening of said ferromagnetic plates with the purpose of generating an additional magnetic field.
The document <<Magnetic field design and calculation for the IBA C70 cyclotron>> S. Zaremba et al., Cyclotrons and their applications 2007, Eighteenth International Conference, pages 75-77, describes the development of an isochronous cyclotron called C70 or Cyclone 70, capable of accelerating 4 types of particles: protons (q/m=1) and alpha particles (q/m=½) to an energy of 70 MeV, as well as deuterons (q/m=½) and HH+ (q/m=½) to an energy of 35 MeV. This document explains the different solutions which have been contemplated in order to obtain a cyclotron which may operate according to two different isochronous magnetic fields so as to simulate a type of particles with a desired q/m ratio. This cyclotron C70 comprises hills divided into three superposed portions and parallel to the middle plane:
This configuration of hills is nevertheless complicated and requires very accurate alignment of said three portions as well as very accurate distribution of the coils. As an intensive vacuum is required inside the cyclotron, in particular for accelerating negatively charged particles, the assembly should be able to support significant variations in pressure, without this producing misadjustment of the different parts. Also, during the application of vacuum to the cyclotron, degassing problems at the correction coils may occur, the latter being confined between the base of the hill and the shielding plate. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the thickness of the shielding plate so that the magnetic flux fraction useful for accelerating the particles in the gap is sufficient while retaining some mechanical rigidity of said plate.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron capable of accelerating types of particles with different <<charge-over-mass>> q/m ratios, not having the drawbacks of the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron with means for correcting the profile of the magnetic field according to the q/m ratio of the type of particles to be accelerated, said means allowing a simpler embodiment than the means of the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron with a means for correcting the profile of the magnetic field according to the q/m ratio of the type of particles to be accelerated, said means may produce a sufficient additional magnetic field in the case of medium to high energy cyclotrons.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron with a means for correcting the magnetic field profile not perturbing the internal vacuum of the cyclotron.
The present invention relates to a cyclotron capable of producing a first beam of accelerated charged particles defined by a first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) or a second beam of accelerated charge particles defined by a second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ less than said first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m), said cyclotron comprising:
Preferably, the secondary induction coil is positioned around said ferromagnetic part in a way parallel to said main induction coil.
Preferably, said ferromagnetic part comprises:
Preferably, said secondary induction coil surrounds said pillar.
Preferably, the cyclotron comprises means for modifying the magnetic field profile located in two opposite valleys.
Preferably, the cyclotron is characterized by:
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing a beam of accelerated charged particles and characterized by the fact that:
Preferably, the method is characterized in that:
Preferably, the method is characterized in that:
Preferably, the method is characterized in that:
Preferably, the method is characterized in that a beam of particles is accelerated onto a target comprising a radio-isotope precursor.
According to a last aspect, the present invention also relates to a use of a cyclotron as described above or of the method as described above for producing radio-isotopes.
The device of the present invention is a cyclotron capable of producing a beam of accelerated charge particles defined by a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) or a beam of accelerated particles defined by a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ less than said <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m). Said cyclotron is capable of accelerating particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m), for example equal to 1 like protons or particles with a ratio (q/m)′ equal to a ½, such as alpha particles, deuterons, HH+, 6Li3+, 10B5+ or 12C6+ or other particles of the same ratio (q/m)′=½. Said cyclotron according to the present invention is illustrated in
Said cyclotron is characterized in that said means for modifying the magnetic field profile comprises:
In said means for modifying the magnetic field profile, said ferromagnetic part 2 may assume different shapes as long as a portion or the totality of the latter extends from the center to the periphery of cyclotron. For example, said ferromagnetic part 2 may comprise:
Said cyclotron may for example comprise two means for modifying the magnetic field profile located in opposite valleys 4. Two other opposite valleys comprise acceleration electrodes commonly called <<dice>> (not shown).
For example, said cyclotron may comprise four hills 5, each of these hills 5 being separated from each other by valleys 4. In this non-limiting example of the present invention, the sectors of the cyclotron are arranged according to symmetry of order 4, with two opposite valleys 4 comprising said means for modifying the magnetic field and two other valleys comprising the dice.
According to a first embodiment of the invention illustrated in
In a second embodiment illustrated in
In a third embodiment of the invention illustrated in
In order to avoid overheating due to the passing of the current in the secondary induction coil 1, the latter may be surrounded by a cooling element (not shown) allowing its cooling. Said secondary induction coil 1 may be surrounded by a metal frame with which it is possible to avoid degassing problems at the turns when a vacuum is generated in the cyclotron.
Preferably, the cyclotron according to the present invention comprises:
Advantageously, the cyclotron according to the present invention comprises means for correcting the magnetic field profile located in two opposite valleys.
Preferably, said means allowing decrease in the contribution of additional magnetic field provided by said ferromagnetic part, comprises:
Advantageously, said means allowing a decrease in the contribution of the additional magnetic field provided by said ferromagnetic part comprises:
Advantageously, said secondary induction coil surrounds said pillar.
The present invention also relates to a method for correcting the magnetic field profile in a cyclotron capable of producing a first beam of accelerated charge particles defined by a first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) or a second beam of accelerated charge particles defined by a second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ less than said first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m), said cyclotron comprising a magnetic circuit comprising:
Preferably, said ferromagnetic part comprises:
Advantageously, said means allowing a decrease in the contribution of the additional magnetic field provided by said ferromagnetic part comprises:
Still preferably, for said means allowing a decrease in the contribution of the additional magnetic field provided by said ferromagnetic part, provision is made for:
Advantageously, the current intensity is regulated or adjusted in said secondary induction coil according to the <<charge-over-mass>> ratio of the particle to be accelerated.
More preferably, the method according to the invention comprises the step for producing a first beam of accelerated particles defined by a first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) by means of said cyclotron, without applying any current in said secondary induction coil, or for producing a second beam of particles defined by a second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ by means of said cyclotron by applying a current in said secondary induction coil so as to induce a magnetic field opposing said main induction field, the first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) being greater than the second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′.
Still preferably, the method according to the invention comprises the step for applying a current in said secondary induction coil so as to induce a magnetic field opposing said main induction field if one switches from the acceleration of a first beam of particles having the first <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m) to the acceleration of a second beam of particles having the second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′, or closing the passing of the current in said secondary induction coil if one switches from the acceleration of a second beam of particles having the second <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ to the acceleration of a first beam of particles having the <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m).
Preferably, the beam of particles is accelerated on a target comprising a radio isotope precursor.
The present invention also relates to the use of said method or said cyclotron for producing a radio isotope.
Example of Use of the Present Invention
In an isochronous cyclotron according to the present invention, it is possible to select a type of particle with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio q/m, to be accelerated such as for example protons (q/m=1) or deuterons q/m=½), other particles may also be accelerated. In the non-limiting case of an isochronous cyclotron capable of accelerating protons to an energy of 70 MeV, the position of said ferromagnetic part 2 in two opposite valleys, influences the flux lines of the magnetic field induced by said main induction coil 6 and provides an additional magnetic field with which it is possible to obtain the isochronous magnetic field required for accelerating protons. If it is desired with this same cyclotron to accelerate deuterons or other particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio equal to a ½, to an energy of 35 MeV, the profile of the magnetic field has to be modified so as to obtain an isochronous magnetic field profile as shown in
With the present invention, it is possible to avoid resorting to a complex winding and machine system at the sectors. The second and third embodiments of the present invention give the possibility of avoiding resorting to a mobile system for passing from an isochronous magnetic field required for accelerating one type of particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio q/m, to another. Another substantial advantage of the second and third embodiments of the present invention is that in the case of an approximate machining of the poles, it is always possible to correct the magnetic field by varying the current in the secondary induction coil 1 so as to obtain the desired isochronous magnetic field with good accuracy.
The present invention may be used for accelerating particles with a ratio q/m onto a target for producing radio isotopes. For example, in a first use, said cyclotron may be used for accelerating particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio q/m equal to 1, such as for example protons onto a target comprising a radio isotope precursor. In a second use, the magnetic field in said cyclotron may be modified so as to accelerate particles with a <<charge-over-mass>> ratio (q/m)′ equal to a ½, such as for example deuterons, onto a target comprising a radio isotope precursor.
List of the Elements
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010/0415 | Jul 2010 | BE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/061238 | 7/4/2011 | WO | 00 | 2/21/2013 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012/004225 | 1/12/2012 | WO | A |
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| Entry |
|---|
| W. Beeckman et al., “Machining and Assembly of the IBA C70 Cyclotron Magnet.” Cyclotrons and Their Applications 2007, Eighteenth International Conference, pp. 81-83. |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130141019 A1 | Jun 2013 | US |
