D2D COMMUNICATION METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a device-to-device (D2D) communication method, apparatus, and system.

BACKGROUND

With rapid development of communication and widespread use of video chat services, virtual reality (VR) services, augmented reality (AR) services, and other types of services, users have increasingly high bandwidth requirements. To meet the bandwidth requirements of the users, D2D communication is proposed. D2D communication may allow user equipments (UEs) to communicate with each other through a proximity communication 5 (PCS) interface, to transmit different types of D21) service applications by sharing a physical transmission resource.

However, different D2D service applications have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. When D2D communication devices share a physical transmission resource to transmit different D2D service applications, because physical transmission resources in a physical transmission resource pool are limited, quality of service that can be achieved for a D2D service application is limited. This is difficult to meet QoS requirements of different D2D service applications.

SUMMARY

This application provides a D2D communication method, apparatus, and system, to resolve a problem that quality of service requirements of different service applications cannot be met in existing D2D communication.

According to a first aspect, a D2D communication method is provided. The method includes: A first terminal establishes a sidelink that is between the first terminal and a second terminal and that corresponds to a sidelink slice; and communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the method in the first aspect, the first terminal establishes the sidelink that is between the first terminal and the second terminal and that corresponds to the sidelink slice, and communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, to implement D2D communication between the terminals based on the sidelink slice. In addition, because physical transmission resource pools corresponding to different sidelink slices may be different, transmitting data of different D2D service applications by using physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can meet quality of service requirements of the different D2D service applications. In addition, transmitting the D2D service applications by using the physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can improve resource utilization in a network.

In a possible design, that the first terminal establishes the sidelink between the first terminal and the second terminal includes: The first terminal sends, to the second terminal, a first request that includes identification information of the sidelink slice and that is used to establish the sidelink.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal sends the first request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the second terminal, so that the second terminal can identify the sidelink slice based on the identification information of the sidelink slice. Therefore, the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice is established between the first terminal and the second terminal.

In a possible design, that the first terminal sends the first request to the second terminal includes: The first terminal sends the first request to the second terminal based on a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, where the sidelink is used to transmit data of the D2D service application.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal determines the corresponding sidelink slice based on the D2D service application, and sends the identification information of the sidelink slice to the second terminal, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink that can he for transmitting the data of the D2D service application.

In a possible design, the first terminal sends, to a mobility management network element, a second request including capability information that is of the first terminal and that is used to indicate that the first terminal supports D2D communication, and receives, from the mobility management network element, a response to the second request, where the response to the second request includes the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal sends, to the mobility management network element, the capability information indicating that D2D communication is supported, and the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal based on the capability information, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice and that corresponds to the first terminal. In this way, the first terminal determines, based on the correspondence, the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink that can be for transmitting the data of the D2D service application, and communicate with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the second request may he a registration request.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may include the capability information of the first terminal in the registration request in a registration process, to reduce signaling exchange between the first terminal and the mobility management network element.

In a possible design, that the first terminal sends the first request to the second terminal includes: The first terminal sends the first request to the second terminal if the first terminal determines that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, when determining that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, the first terminal sends, to the second terminal, the first request for establishing the sidelink, This can avoid sending the first request to other terminals that do not support the sidelink slice, and reduce signaling exchange with other terminals in the network.

In a possible design, the first terminal sends a broadcast message including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and receives, from the second terminal, a response to the broadcast message, where the response is used to indicate that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may broadcast the identification information of the sidelink slice in the network. After receiving the broadcast message, the second terminal that supports the sidelink slice in the network sends the response to the broadcast message to the first terminal. In this way, the first terminal can discover the second terminal that supports the sidelink slice in the network, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, when determining that the access network device allows use of the sidelink slice, the first terminal sends, to the second terminal, the first request for establishing the sidelink, to ensure that the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice is successfully established between the first terminal and the second terminal.

In a possible design, the first terminal sends a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device; and the first terminal receives, from the access network device, a response to the third request, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal sends the third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device, and the access network device determines, based on the received request, whether the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, and sends the response to the third request to the first terminal if the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, indicating that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used. This ensures successful establishment of the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and the second terminal,

In a possible design, the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal determines the corresponding physical transmission resource based on the sidelink slice. Because different sidelink slices correspond to different physical transmission resource pools, transmitting different D2D service applications by using physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can meet quality of service requirements of the different D2D service applications. In addition, transmitting the D2D service applications by using the physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can improve resource utilization in the network.

In a possible design, that the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource includes: The first terminal sends a fourth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device, and receives, from the access network device, a response to the fourth request, where the response includes the physical transmission resource, and the fourth request is used to request the physical transmission resource of the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may directly send the fourth request to the access network device, to obtain the physical transmission resource that corresponds to the sidelink slice and that is allocated by the access network device to the first terminal. This provides a. feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, that the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice includes: The first terminal receives, from the access network device, a system information block (SIB) including a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may determine, based on the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is included in the SIB broadcast by the access network device, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, that the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource includes: The first terminal receives, from the access network device, an SIB including a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may determine, based on the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool and that is included in the SIB broadcast by the access network device, the physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. Therefore, the physical transmission resource required for transmitting the data of the D2D service application is determined in the physical transmission resource pool. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, that the first terminal determines the physical transmission resource includes: The first terminal sends a fifth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element; receives, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and determines the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool, where the fifth request is used to request the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the first terminal may receive, by sending the fifth request to the mobility management network element, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool and that is sent by the mobility management network element, to determine the physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. Therefore, the physical transmission resource required for transmitting the data of the D2D service application is determined in the physical transmission resource pool. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the first terminal sends a fifth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element, and receives, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool.

Based on this possible design, the first terminal can receive, by sending the fifth request to the mobility management network element, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is sent by the mobility management network element. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

According to a second aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the first terminal in the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect, and the functions may be implemented by hardware by executing corresponding software. The hardware or the software includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoing functions. For example, the communication apparatus includes a processing module and a transceiver module.

The processing module is configured to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and a second terminal, where the sidelink corresponds to a sidelink slice. The transceiver module is configured to communicate with the second terminal on the sidelink by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus, refer to behavior functions of the first terminal in the D2D communication method provided in any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect. Based on the communication apparatus in the second aspect, the first terminal establishes the sidelink that is between the first terminal and the second terminal and that corresponds to the sidelink slice, and communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, to implement D2D communication between the terminals based on the sidelink slice. In addition, because different sidelink slices correspond to different physical transmission resource pools, transmitting different D2D service applications by using physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can meet quality of service requirements of the different D2D service applications. In addition, transmitting the D2D service applications by using the physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can improve resource utilization in a network.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is configured to send, to the second terminal, a first request that includes identification information of the sidelink slice and that is used to establish the sidelink.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus sends the first request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the second terminal, so that the second terminal can identify the sidelink slice based on the identification information of the sidelink slice. Therefore, the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice is established between the first terminal and the second terminal.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal based on a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, where the sidelink is used to transmit data of the D2D service application.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus determines the corresponding sidelink slice based on the D2D service application, and sends the identification information of the sidelink slice to the second terminal, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink that is for transmitting the data of the D2D service application.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send, to a mobility management network element, a second request including capability information that is of the first terminal and that is used to indicate that the first terminal supports D2D communication; and the transceiver module is configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the second request, where the response to the second request includes the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus sends, to the mobility management network element, the capability information indicating that D2D communication is supported, and the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal based on the capability information, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice and that corresponds to the first terminal. In this way, the first terminal determines, based on the correspondence, the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink that can be for transmitting the data of the D2D service application, and communicate with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal if the first terminal determines that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, when determining that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus sends, to the second terminal, the first request for establishing the sidelink. This can avoid sending the first request to other terminals that do not support the sidelink slice, and reduce signaling exchange with other terminals in the network.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send a broadcast message including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the second terminal, a response to the broadcast message, where the response is used to indicate that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus may broadcast the identification information of the sidelink slice in the network in a broadcast manner. After receiving the broadcast message, the second terminal that supports the sidelink slice in the network sends the response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

In this way, the first terminal can discover the second terminal that supports the sidelink slice in the network, to establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal if the first terminal determines that an access network device allows use of the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, when determining that the access network device allows use of the sidelink slice, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus sends, to the second terminal, the first request for establishing the sidelink, to ensure that the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice is successfully established between the first terminal and the second terminal.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device, and the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the access network device, a response to the third request, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus sends the third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device, and the access network device determines, based on the received request, whether the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, and sends the response to the third request to the first terminal if the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, indicating that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used. This ensures successful establishment of the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and the second terminal.

In a possible design, the processing module is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource.

Based on the possible design, the processing module of the communication apparatus determines the corresponding physical transmission resource based on the sidelink slice. Because different sidelink slices correspond to different physical transmission resource pools, transmitting different D2D service applications by using physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can meet quality of service requirements of the different D2D service applications. In addition, transmitting the D2D service applications by using the physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can improve resource utilization in the network.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send a fourth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device; and the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the access network device, a response to the fourth request, where the response includes the physical transmission resource.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus may directly send the fourth request to the access network device, to obtain the physical transmission resource that corresponds to the sidelink slice and that is allocated by the access network device to the first terminal. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus may determine, based on the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is included in the SIB broadcast by the access network device, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the access network device, an SIB including a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and the processing module is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool.

Based on the possible design, the processing module of the communication apparatus may determine, based on the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool and that is included in the SIB broadcast by the access network device, the physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. Therefore, the physical transmission resource required for transmitting the data of the D2D service application is determined in the physical transmission resource pool. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send a fifth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element; the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and the processing module is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool.

Based on the possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus may receive, by sending the fifth request to the mobility management network element, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool and that is sent by the mobility management network element, to determine the physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. Therefore, the physical transmission resource required fix transmitting the data. of the D2D service application is determined in the physical transmission resource pool. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to send a fifth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool.

Based on this possible design, the transceiver module of the communication apparatus can receive, by sending the fifth request to the mobility management network element, the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is sent by the mobility management network element. This provides a feasible solution for the first terminal to determine the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be a first terminal or a chip or a system on chip in the first terminal. The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the first terminal in the foregoing aspects or the possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware. In a possible design, the communication apparatus may include a processor and a transceiver. The processor and the transceiver may be configured to support the communication apparatus in implementing the functions in any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect. For example, the processor may be configured to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and a second terminal, where the sidelink corresponds to a sidelink slice. The transceiver may be configured to communicate with the second terminal on the sidelink by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. In another possible design, the communication apparatus may further include a memory, and the memory is configured to store computer-executable instructions and data that are necessary for the communication apparatus. When the communication apparatus runs, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication apparatus performs the D2D communication method according to any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect.

According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories, the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are configured to store computer program code or computer instructions. When the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication apparatus is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect.

According to a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect.

According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product that includes instructions is provided. When the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the first aspect or the possible designs of the first aspect.

For technical effects achieved by any one of the designs of the third aspect to the sixth aspect, refer to the technical effects achieved by any one possible design of the first aspect or the second aspect. Details are not described again.

According to a seventh aspect, a D2D communication method is provided. The method includes: A second terminal receives, from a first terminal, a first request including identification information of a sidelink slice, where the first request is used to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the sidelink corresponds to the sidelink slice; and the second terminal sends a response to the first request to the first terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink is successfully established.

Based on the method in the seventh aspect, the second terminal may identify the sidelink slice based on the received first request including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and when the second terminal supports establishment of the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice, send the response to the first request to the first terminal, and establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, that the second terminal sends the response to the first request to the first terminal includes: The second terminal sends the response to the first request to the first terminal if the second terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, after receiving the first request of the first terminal, the second terminal determines whether the sidelink slice carried in the first request is in a sidelink slice that the second terminal subscribes to or is in a sidelink slice allowed by the second terminal. If the sidelink slice carried in the first request is in the sidelink slice that the second terminal subscribes to or is in the sidelink slice allowed by the second terminal, it is considered that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice, and the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice can be established. When supporting the sidelink slice, the second terminal sends the response to the first request to the first terminal, to notify the first terminal that the sidelink is successfully established.

In a possible design, that the second terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice includes the following cases: The sidelink slice belongs to a sidelink slice that the second terminal subscribes to; the sidelink slice belongs to a sidelink slice allowed by the second terminal, and the sidelink slice allowed by the second terminal is determined by a mobility management network element based on the sidelink slice that the second terminal subscribes to and capability information of an access network device.

In a possible design, the method further includes: The second terminal receives, from the mobility management network element, identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the second terminal has permission to use.

Based on the possible design, the second terminal receives the subscribed sidelink slice and/or the allowed sidelink slice from the mobility management network element, to provide a feasible solution for the second terminal to determine whether the second terminal supports the sidelink slice in the first request sent by the first terminal.

According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the second terminal in the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect, and the functions may be implemented by hardware by executing corresponding software. The hardware or the software includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoing functions. For example, the communication apparatus includes a transceiver module.

The transceiver module is configured to receive, from a first terminal, a first request including identification information of a sidelink slice, where the first request is used to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the sidelink corresponds to the sidelink slice.

The transceiver module is configured to send a response to the first request to the first terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink is successfully established.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus, refer to behavior functions of the second terminal in the D2D communication method provided in any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect. Based on the communication apparatus in the eighth aspect, the second terminal may identify the sidelink slice based on the received first request including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and when the second terminal supports establishment of the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice, send the response to the first request to the first terminal, and establish, between the first terminal and the second terminal, the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the communication apparatus further includes a processing module. The transceiver module is specifically configured to send the response to the first request to the first terminal if the processing module determines that the second terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to receive, from a mobility management network element, identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the second terminal has permission to use.

According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may be a second terminal or a chip or a system on chip in the second terminal. The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the second terminal in the foregoing aspects or the possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware. In a possible design, the communication apparatus may include a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to support the communication apparatus in implementing the functions in any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect. For example, the transceiver is configured to receive, from a first terminal, a first request including identification information of a sidelink slice, where the first request is used to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the sidelink corresponds to the sidelink slice. The transceiver may be further configured to send a response to the first request to the first terminal through a communication interface, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink is successfully established. In another possible design, the communication apparatus may further include a memory, and the memory is configured to store computer-executable instructions and data that are necessary for the communication apparatus. When the communication apparatus runs, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication apparatus performs the D2D communication method according to any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect.

According to a tenth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories, the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are configured to store computer program code or computer instructions. When the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication apparatus is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect.

According to an eleventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect.

According to a twelfth aspect, a computer program product that includes instructions is provided. When the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the seventh aspect or the possible designs of the seventh aspect.

For technical effects achieved by any one of the designs of the ninth aspect to the twelfth aspect, refer to the technical effects achieved by any possible design of the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect. Details are not described again.

According to a thirteenth aspect, a D2D communication method is provided. The method includes: An access network device broadcasts, to a terminal, an SIB including a correspondence between identification information of one or more sidelink slices and a physical transmission resource pool.

Based on the method in the thirteenth aspect, the access network device may directly broadcast the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool, so that each terminal determines, based on the SIB broadcast by the access network device, a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to a sidelink slice corresponding to the terminal, to determine, in the physical transmission resource pool, a corresponding physical transmission resource for transmitting a D2D service application.

In a possible design, the method further includes: The access network device receives, a fourth request including identification information of a sidelink slice from the terminal, where the identification information of the one or more sidelink slices includes the identification information of the sidelink slice, and the access network device sends a response to the fourth request to the terminal, where the response includes a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the access network device may notify each terminal of the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool in a broadcast manner, and the terminal determines a physical transmission resource in the determined physical transmission resource pool. Alternatively, the access network device may receive the fourth request sent by the terminal, and send, to the terminal based on the sidelink slice in the fourth request, the physical transmission resource that corresponds to the sidelink slice and that is allocated to the terminal.

In a possible design, the method further includes: The access network device receives a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice from the terminal; and the access network device sends a response to the third request to the terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

Based on the possible design, after receiving the third request sent by the terminal, the access network device determines whether a first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice; and if the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, sends the response to the third request to the first terminal, indicating that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used. This ensures successful establishment of a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and a second terminal.

In a possible design, that the access network device sends the response to the third. request to the terminal includes: The access network device sends the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device determines that a quantity of established sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice is less than a preset quantity threshold, where the preset quantity threshold is a maximum value of the quantity of sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, the access network device determines whether a quantity of currently supported sidelinks is less than the preset quantity threshold. If the quantity of currently supported sidelinks is less than the preset quantity threshold, it indicates that the access network device can still support establishment of a sidelink. If the quantity of currently supported sidelinks is not less than the preset quantity threshold, it indicates that the quantity of sidelinks currently supported by the access network device has reached an upper limit, and establishment of a new sidelink cannot be supported to ensure that use of an established sidelink is not affected. The access network device controls the quantity of supported sidelinks, to ensure normal use of an established sidelink.

In a possible design, that the access network device sends the response to the third request to the terminal includes: The access network device sends the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device verifies that the terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

Based on the possible design, when the sidelink slice is in a subscribed sidelink slice, and the access network device supports the sidelink slice, the access network device sends the response to the third request to the terminal, to ensure successful establishment of a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the access network device receives, from a mobility management network element, identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the terminal has permission to use.

In a possible design, that the terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice includes the following cases: The sidelink slice belongs to a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to; the sidelink slice belongs to a sidelink slice allowed by the terminal, and the sidelink slice allowed by the terminal is determined by a mobility management network element based on the sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to and capability information of an access network device.

Based on the possible design, when the sidelink slice is in an allowed sidelink slice, the access network device sends the response to the third request to the terminal, to ensure successful establishment of a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

According to a fourteenth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the access network device in the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect, and the functions may be implemented by hardware by executing corresponding software. The hardware or the software includes one or more modules corresponding to the foregoing functions. For example, the communication apparatus includes a transceiver module.

The transceiver module is configured to broadcast, to a terminal, an SIB including a correspondence between identification information of one or more sidelink slices and a physical transmission resource pool.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus, refer to behavior functions of the access network device in the D2D communication method provided in any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect. Based on the communication apparatus in the fourteenth aspect, the access network device may directly broadcast the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool, so that each terminal determines, based on the SIB broadcast by the access network device, a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to a sidelink slice corresponding to the terminal, to determine, in the physical transmission resource pool, a corresponding physical transmission resource for transmitting a D2D service application.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is configured to receive a fourth request including identification information of a sidelink slice from the terminal, where the identification information of the one or more sidelink slices includes the identification information of the sidelink slice. The transceiver module is further configured to send a response to the fourth request to the terminal, where the response includes a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is further configured to receive a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice from the terminal; and the transceiver module is further configured to send a response to the third request to the terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

Based on the possible design, after receiving the third request sent by the terminal the access network device determines whether a first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice; and if the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, sends the response to the third request to the first terminal, indicating that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used. This ensures successful establishment of a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and a second terminal.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device determines that a quantity of established sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice is less than a preset quantity threshold, where the preset quantity threshold is a maximum value of the quantity of sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device verifies that the terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device supports the sidelink slice.

According to a fifteenth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus may he an access network device, or a chip or a system on chip in the access network device. The communication apparatus may implement functions performed by the access network device in the foregoing aspects or the possible designs, and the functions may be implemented by hardware. In a possible design, the communication apparatus may include a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to support the communication apparatus in implementing the functions in any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect. For example, the transceiver may broadcast, to a terminal, an SIB including a correspondence between identification information of a plurality of sidelink slices and a physical transmission resource pool. In another possible design, the communication apparatus may further include a memory, and the memory is configured to store computer-executable instructions and data that are necessary for the communication apparatus. When the communication apparatus runs, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication apparatus performs the D2D communication method according to any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect.

According to a sixteenth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories, the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are configured to store computer program code or computer instructions. When the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication apparatus is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect.

According to a seventeenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect.

According to an eighteenth aspect, a computer program product that includes instructions is provided. When the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the D2D communication method according to any one of the thirteenth aspect or the possible designs of the thirteenth aspect.

For technical effects achieved by any one of the designs of the fifteenth aspect to the eighteenth aspect, refer to the technical effects achieved by any possible design of the thirteenth aspect or the fourteenth aspect. Details are not described again.

According to a nineteenth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes the communication apparatus according to any one of the second aspect or the possible designs of the second aspect and the communication apparatus according to any one of the eighth aspect or the possible designs of the eighth aspect.

According to a twentieth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes the communication apparatus according to any one of the second aspect or the possible designs of the second aspect, the communication apparatus according to any one of the eighth aspect or the possible designs of the eighth aspect, and the communication apparatus according to any one of the fourteenth aspect or the possible designs of the fourteenth aspect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1a is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 1B is a simplified schematic diagram showing that terminals communicate with each other using a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of composition of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a D2D communication method according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and identification information of a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication method for finding a second terminal according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a communication method for determining to allow a first terminal to use a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for establishing a sidelink to a second terminal by a first terminal according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of composition of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of composition of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application; and

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of composition of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following describes implementations of embodiments of this application in detail with reference to accompanying drawings in this specification.

The D2D communication method provided in embodiments of this application may be applied to any communication system that supports D2D communication, or may be applied to any communication system that supports vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The communication system may be a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) communication system, for example, a long term evolution (LTE) system, may be a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system, a new radio (NR) system, an NR V2X system, or another next generation communication system, or may be a non-3GPP communication system. This is not limited. FIG. 1a is used as an example below to describe the D2D communication method provided in embodiments of this application.

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 1a, the communication system may include a plurality of terminals, an access network device, a core network device, and a data network (DN). The terminal may be located within cell coverage of the access network device, or may be located outside the cell coverage of the access network device. The terminal may perform air interface communication with the access network device on an uplink (UL). The terminal sends data to the access network device on the UL, the access network device forwards the received data to the core network device, and the core network device processes the data, and delivers processed data to the terminal via an access network device. For example, the terminal sends uplink data to the access network device on the UL by using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the access network device forwards the received uplink data to the core network device, and the core network device processes the uplink data, and delivers processed uplink data to the terminal via an access network device. The access network device that forwards the uplink data from the terminal to the core network device and an access network device that forwards downlink data from the core network device to the terminal may be a same access network device, or may he different access network devices, which may be specifically determined by a server.

Alternatively, the terminal may communicate with the core network device through a specific interface. For example, the terminal may communicate with an access and mobility management function (AMF) network element in the core network device through an N1 interface.

Alternatively, the terminal may perform sidelink communication or D2D communication with another terminal on a sidelink (SL), and send data to the another terminal on the SL. For example, the terminal sends sidelink data to the another terminal on the SL by using a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and sends sidelink feedback control information (SFCI) corresponding to the received sidelink data to another terminal on the SL by using a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH). D2D communication may include vehicle-to-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV)-to-unmanned-aerial-vehicl communication, and the like. This is not limited. It should be noted that in this embodiment of this application, the SL may also be referred to as a direct link, a PC5 interface link, or the like. This is not limited.

The terminal in FIG. 1a may be referred to as user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), or the like. Specifically, the terminal in FIG. 1a may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or a computer having a wireless transceiver function. Alternatively, the terminal may be a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in unmanned driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a vehicle having a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication capability, an intelligent connected vehicle, a UAV having a UAV-to-UAV (U2U) communication capability, or the like. This is not limited.

The access network device in FIG. 1a may be any device having a wireless transceiver function, and is mainly configured to implement functions such as a radio physical control function, resource scheduling and radio resource management, radio access control, and mobility management. Specifically, the access network device may be an access network (AN) device/a radio access network (RAN) device, may he a device including a plurality of 5G-AN/5G-RAN nodes, or may be a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a transmission point (TP), a road side unit (RSU), any other access node, or the like. This is not limited.

The core network device in FIG. 1a may include network function entities such as the access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, a session management function (SMF) network element, a user plane function (UPF) network element, a network slice selection function (NSSF) network element, a network exposure function (NEF) network element, a network repository function (NRF) network element, a policy control function (PCF) network element, a unified data management (UDM) network element, and an authentication server function (AUSF) network element. Although not shown, in addition to the network elements shown in FIG. 1a, the network shown in FIG. 1a may further include a unified data repository (UDR) network element, a network data analytics function (NWDAF) network element, and the like. In addition, the network further includes an application function (AF) entity. The AF entity may be a third-party application control platform, or may be a device of an operator. The AF entity may provide a service for a plurality of application servers.

The data network in FIG. 1a, may include a proximity service function (ProSe Function) network element.

It should he noted that in embodiments of this application, the ProSe function network element may replace the policy control network element, to perform a function performed by the policy control network element in embodiments of this application.

It should be noted that the plurality of terminals, the access network device, and the core network device in embodiments of this application each may be one or more chips, or may be a system on chip (SOC), or the like. FIG. 1a is merely an example diagram, and a quantity of devices included in FIG. 1a is not limited. In addition, the communication system may further include other devices in addition to the devices shown in FIG. 1a. Names of the devices and names of the links in FIG. 1a are not limited. In addition to the names shown in FIG. 1a, the devices and the links may have other names. For example, the terminal communicates with the access network device through a user equipment Uu interface. The UL may also be named as a Uu link or the like. The terminal directly communicates with another terminal through a direct communication interface or a PC5 interface. The SL may also be named as a PC5 link, a direct link, or the like. This is not limited.

Currently, in the communication system shown in FIG. 1a, D2D communication may allow terminals to communicate with each other through a PC5 interface, and share, under control of a cell network, a physical transmission resource with a cell user to transmit different types of D2D service applications. However, different D2D service applications have different quality of service (QoS) requirements. When D2D communication devices share a physical transmission resource to transmit different D2D service applications, because physical transmission resources in a physical transmission resource pool are limited, quality of service that can be achieved for a D2D service application is limited. This is difficult to meet QoS requirements of different D2D service applications.

To resolve this problem, embodiments of this application provide a D2D communication method. A D2D communication network is divided into a plurality of sidelink slices, different D2D service applications correspond to different sidelink slices, and the plurality of sidelink slices correspond to physical transmission resources in a plurality of physical transmission resource pools. Therefore, a terminal can transmit, by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice, data of a D2D service application corresponding to the sidelink slice on a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice. In this way, D2D communication between terminals is implemented based on a sidelink slice, to meet quality of service requirements of different D2D service applications. Specifically, for the implementation process, refer to descriptions in embodiments corresponding to FIG. 3 to FIG. 10 below.

It should be noted that the sidelink slice may be referred to as a sidelink network slice, is a logical network having a specific network feature, and is a key technology for meeting a network requirement of the D2D communication network proposed by the 3GPP. Different sidelink slices are logically isolated from each other, and can flexibly provide one or more network services according to a requirement of a demander. As shown in FIG. 1b, a terminal 1 and a terminal 2 may communicate with each other by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice 1, and the terminal 1 and the terminal 2 may also communicate with each other by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice 2; the terminal 1 and a terminal 3 may communicate with each other by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice 3, and the terminal 2 and the terminal 3 may also communicate with each other by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice 4.

During specific implementation, as shown in FIG. 1a, for example, each of the terminals, the access network device, and the core network device may use a composition structure shown in FIG. 2, or include components shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of composition of a communication apparatus 200 according to an embodiment of this application. The communication apparatus 200 may be a terminal or a chip or a system on chip in the terminal, may be an access network device or a chip or a system on chip in the access network device, or may be a core network device or a chip or a system on chip in the core network device. As shown in FIG. 2, the communication apparatus 200 includes a processor 201, a transceiver 202, and a communication line 203.

Further, the communication apparatus 200 may include a memory 204. The processor 201, the memory 204, and the transceiver 202 may be connected to each other through the communication line 203.

The processor 201 is a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device (PLD), or any combination thereof. The processor 201 may alternatively be another apparatus having a processing function, for example, a circuit, a component, or a software module. This is not limited.

The transceiver 202 is configured to communicate with another device or another communication network. The another communication network may be the Ethernet, a radio access network (RAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or the like. The transceiver 202 may be a module, a circuit, or any apparatus that can implement communication.

The communication line 203 is used to transmit information between components included in the communication apparatus 200.

The memory 204 is configured to store instructions. The instructions may be a computer program.

The memory 204 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device that can store static information and/or instructions, may be a random access memory (RAM) or another type of dynamic storage device that can store information and/or instructions, or may be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or another compact disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compressed optical disc, a laser disc, an optical disc, a digital universal optical disc, a Blu-ray optical disc, or the like), a magnetic disk storage medium or another magnetic storage device, or the like. This is not limited.

It should be noted that the memory 204 may exist independently of the processor 201, or may be integrated with the processor 201. The memory 204 may be configured to store instructions, program code, some data, or the like. The memory 204 may be located inside the communication apparatus 200, or may be located outside the communication apparatus 200. This is not limited. The processor 201 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 204, to implement the D2D communication method provided in the following embodiments of this application.

In an example, the processor 201 may include one or more CPUs, for example, a CPU 0 and a CPU 1 in FIG. 2.

In an optional implementation, the communication apparatus 200 includes a plurality of processors. For example, in addition to the processor 201 in FIG. 2, the communication apparatus 200 may further include a processor 207.

In an optional implementation, the communication apparatus 200 further includes an output device 205 and an input device 206. For example, the input device 206 is a device, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or a joystick, and the output device 205 is a device, for example, a display screen or a speaker.

It should be noted that the communication apparatus 200 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal, an embedded device, a chip system, or a device with a structure similar to that in FIG. 2. In addition, the composition structure shown in FIG. 2 does not constitute a limitation on the communication apparatus. In addition to the components shown in FIG. 2, the communication apparatus may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or have different component arrangements, or some components are combined.

In embodiments of this application, the chip system may include a chip, or may include a chip and another discrete component.

In addition, actions, terms, and the like in embodiments of this application may be mutually referenced. This is not limited. In embodiments of this application, names of messages exchanged between devices, names of parameters in the messages, or the like are merely examples. Other names may alternatively be used during specific implementation. This is not limited.

Based on the communication system shown in FIG. 1a, the following describes the D2D communication method provided in embodiments of this application by using an example in which a first terminal and a second terminal transmit data on a sidelink corresponding to a sidelink slice. The first terminal may be any terminal in FIG. 1a, and the second terminal may be any terminal that can perform SL communication with the first terminal in FIG. 1a. The first terminal and the second terminal described in the following embodiments may have the components shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a D2D communication method according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 3, the method may include the following steps.

Step 301. A first terminal establishes a sidelink between the first terminal and a second terminal.

The sidelink may correspond to a sidelink slice. In a D2D communication network, there are a plurality of sidelink slices, and different sidelink slices may meet transmission requirements of one or more different D2D service applications. For example, there are a sidelink slice 1, a sidelink slice 2, a sidelink slice 3, and a sidelink slice 4 in the D2D communication network, the sidelink slice 1 can meet a transmission requirement of a D2D service application 1, the sidelink slice 2 can also meet the transmission requirement of the D2D service application 1, the sidelink slice 3 can meet a transmission requirement of a D2D service application 2, and the sidelink slice 4 can also meet the transmission requirement of the D2D service application 2.

In an actual application process, when transmitting data of a D2D service application, the first terminal may determine a corresponding sidelink slice based on the D2D service application, establish a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice, and transmit current service data on the sidelink.

For example, that a first terminal establishes a sidelink between the first terminal and a second terminal may include: The first terminal obtains a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and identification information of a sidelink slice, determines, based on the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, a sidelink slice corresponding to a D2D service application, and establishes a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In embodiments of this application, the identification information of the D2D service application may be used to indicate the D2D service application. The identification information may be identity information of the D2D service application or other information used to indicate the D2D service application. For example, the identification information may be an identifier of an internet of vehicles application or an identifier of an unmanned aerial vehicle communication application, and may be specifically an application identifier (APP ID). This is not limited. The identification information of the sidelink slice may be used to indicate the sidelink slice, and the identification information may be identity information of the sidelink slice or other information used to indicate the sidelink slice. For example, the identification information may be an internet of vehicles communication slice or an unmanned aerial vehicle communication slice, and may be specifically a sidelink slice identifier (sidelink slice ID). This is not limited.

In the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, the identification information of the sidelink slice may include identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the first terminal has permission to use. The identification information of the one or more sidelink slices that the first terminal has the permission to use includes identification information of a sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and/or identification information of a sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal. The identification information of the one or more sidelink slices that the first terminal has the permission to use may also be described as identification information of one or more sidelink slices corresponding to the first terminal.

For related descriptions of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal, and a specific process in which the first terminal obtains the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, refer to FIG. 4 below.

Optionally, to ensure that the sidelink is successfully established between the first terminal and the second terminal, before performing step 301, the first terminal further needs to determine the following condition (1) and/or condition (2). When the condition (1) and/or the condition (2) are/is met, step 301 is performed.

Condition (1): The second terminal is a terminal that supports a sidelink slice and a D2D service application corresponding to the sidelink slice.

That the second terminal supports a sidelink slice may be that the sidelink slice is in a sidelink slice that the second terminal subscribes to or is in a sidelink slice allowed by the second terminal.

For example, the first terminal may determine, in a plurality of terminals that can perform D2D communication with the first terminal, a second terminal that supports a sidelink slice and a D2D service application corresponding to the sidelink slice, to establish a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and the second terminal.

For a specific process in which the first terminal determines the second terminal in the plurality of terminals, refer to FIG. 5 below

Condition (2): The first terminal is allowed to use a sidelink slice, or the first terminal is allowed to use a sidelink slice.

For example, the first terminal may obtain, from an access network device or a core network device, an authorization grant for allowing the first terminal to use a sidelink slice. When the access network device or the core network device allows the first terminal to use a sidelink slice, the first terminal may establish a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice between the first terminal and the second terminal.

For a specific process in which the access network device or the core network device determines whether to allow the first terminal to use a sidelink slice, refer to FIG. 6 below

In embodiments of this application, for a specific process in which the first terminal establishes the sidelink to the second terminal, refer to FIG. 7 below.

Step 302. The first terminal communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

The physical transmission resource may include one or more of a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, or a space domain resource. This is not limited. The physical transmission resource may be included in a physical transmission resource pool.

In embodiments of this application, a plurality of sidelink slices may correspond to a plurality of physical transmission resource pools in a network. For example, there are a sidelink slice 1, a sidelink slice 2, a sidelink slice 3, and a sidelink slice 4, and there are a physical transmission resource pool 1 and a physical transmission resource pool 2 in a D2D communication network. The sidelink slice 1 and the sidelink slice 2 may correspond to the physical transmission resource pool 1, and the sidelink slice 3 and the sidelink slice 4 may correspond to the physical transmission resource pool 2. Alternatively, the sidelink slice 1 corresponds to the physical transmission resource pool 1 and the physical transmission resource pool 2, the sidelink slice 2 corresponds to the physical transmission resource pool 1, the sidelink slice 3 corresponds to the physical transmission resource pool 2, and the sidelink slice 4 corresponds to the physical transmission resource pool 1 and the physical transmission resource pool 2. In an actual application process, a sidelink slice corresponding to a D2D service application may be mapped, according to a transmission requirement of the D2D service application, to a physical transmission resource pool that can meet the transmission requirement of the D2D service application.

Optionally, in different connection management states, the first terminal obtains, in different manners, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. The different connection management states may include a plurality of states such as a connected (radio resource control connected, RRC connected) state and an idle (radio resource control idle, RRC idle) state. That the first terminal is in the RRC connected state or the RRC idle state is used as an example below to describe how the first terminal obtains the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

(1) The first terminal is in the RRC connected state.

For example, the first terminal may obtain, from the access network device, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Specifically, the first terminal may obtain, based on a method shown in FIG. 8, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

(2) The first terminal is in the RRC idle state.

For example, the first terminal may receive a broadcast message that is sent by the access network device and that includes a physical transmission resource pool or a physical transmission resource, and obtain, based on the broadcast message, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. Specifically, for the method, refer to a method shown in FIG. 9.

For example, the first terminal may receive a physical transmission resource pool or a physical transmission resource sent by the core network device, to obtain the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. Specifically, for the method, refer to a method shown in FIG. 10.

Based on the method in FIG. 3, the first terminal establishes the sidelink that is between the first terminal and the second terminal and that corresponds to the sidelink slice, and communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, to implement D2D communication between the terminals based on the sidelink slice. In addition, because physical transmission resource pools corresponding to different sidelink slices may be different, transmitting data of different D2D service applications by using physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can meet quality of service requirements of the different D2D service applications. In addition, transmitting the D2D service applications by using the physical transmission resources in the different physical transmission resource pools can improve resource utilization in the network.

In step 301, for a specific process in which the first terminal obtains the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows a method for obtaining a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and identification information of a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes the following steps.

Step 401. A first terminal sends a second request to a mobility management network element.

The mobility management network element may be an AMF in a core network device.

In a possible design, the second request includes capability information of the first terminal, and the second request is used to request related information of a sidelink slice corresponding to the first terminal.

The capability information of the first terminal may be capability information indicating that the first terminal supports D2D communication, or may be capability information indicating that the first terminal supports V2X communication.

The capability information of the first terminal may be included in a policy container of the first terminal.

The sidelink slice corresponding to the first terminal may include a sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and/or a sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal. The related information of the sidelink slice includes identification information of the sidelink slice and/or a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and identification information of a D2D service application.

In another possible design, the second request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, and the second request is used to request to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

Optionally, the second request is further used to request related information of the sidelink slice, where the related information includes a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and identification information of a D2D service application, and/or a physical transmission resource pool or a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In another possible design, the second request includes both capability information of the first terminal and identification information of a sidelink slice.

In the foregoing three possible designs, the second request may further include identification information of the first terminal and other information, This is not limited.

Optionally, in a process of registering with a network, the first terminal may include the second request in a registration request and send the registration request to the mobility management network element, to reduce signaling exchange.

Step 402. The mobility management network element receives the second request, and sends the identification information of the first terminal to a policy control network element.

The policy control network element may be a PCF in the core network device.

Further, the mobility management network element sends the second request of the first terminal to the policy control network element.

Optionally, to reduce signaling exchange in the network, the mobility management network element may include the identification information of the first terminal and/or the second request in a policy association request in a process in which the first terminal registers with the network, and send the policy association request to the policy control network element.

In the process in which the first terminal registers with the network, related descriptions of the policy association request are consistent with those in a conventional technology. Details are not described again.

Step 403. The policy control network element receives the identification information of the first terminal, and determines, based on subscription information of the first terminal, identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and identification information of a D2D service application.

For example, after identifying the first terminal based on the identification information of the first terminal, the policy control network element may obtain the subscription information of the first terminal from a UDR in the core network device. The UDR stores subscription information of each terminal, and the subscription information of each terminal includes identification information of a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to and a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and identification information of a D2D service application.

The policy control network element determines, based on the subscription information of the first terminal, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Further, when the policy control network element further receives the second request of the first terminal sent by the mobility management network element, if the second request includes capability information of the first terminal, the policy control network element determines, based on the capability information of the first terminal, that the first terminal supports D2D communication or V2X communication, and determines, based on the subscription information of the first terminal, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the identification information of the D2D service application.

If the second request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, the policy control network element may determine whether the sidelink slice is in the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to. If the sidelink slice is in the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the policy control network element determines to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice; otherwise, determines not to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

Alternatively, if the second request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, the policy control network element may determine related information of the sidelink slice, where the related information of the sidelink slice includes information such as a correspondence between identification information of the sidelink slice and identification information of a D2D service application, a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice, or a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Alternatively, if the second request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, the policy control network element may determine an authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, and determine related information of the sidelink slice.

If the second request includes capability information of the first terminal and identification information of a sidelink slice, the policy control network element may determine the following information based on the second request: related information of a sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, an authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice carried in the second request, or related information of the sidelink slice carried in the second request.

Step 404. The policy control network element sends, to the mobility management network element, the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Optionally, the policy control network element may further send, to the mobility management network element, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to. In other words, in step 404, the policy control network element may send, to the mobility management network element, the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application, or send, to the mobility management network element, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Further, when the policy control network element further receives the second request of the first terminal sent by the mobility management network element, if the second request includes the capability information of the first terminal, the policy control network element sends, to the mobility management network element, the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application; or the policy control network element sends, to the mobility management network element, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to.

If the second request includes the identification information of the sidelink slice, optionally, the policy control network element sends the authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element. Optionally, the policy control network element sends the related information of the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element. Optionally, the policy control network element sends both the authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice and the related information of the sidelink slice to the mobility management network element.

If the second request includes the capability information of the first terminal and the identification information of the sidelink slice, the policy control network element may send one or more of the following information to the mobility management network element: the related information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice carried in the second request, or the related information of the sidelink slice carried in the second request.

Optionally, the policy control network element may include, in policy information of the first terminal, the information that needs to be sent to the mobility management network element, and send the policy information to the mobility management network element, to reduce signaling exchange.

The policy information of the first terminal is a policy formulated by the policy control network element for the first terminal in the process in which the first terminal registers with the network. Related descriptions of the policy information are consistent with those in the conventional technology. Details are not described again.

Step 405. The mobility management network element receives the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application, and sends the correspondence between the identification information of the subscribed sidelink slice and the identification information of the D2D service application to the first terminal.

Optionally, the mobility management network element may further send, to the first terminal, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to.

For example, when the mobility management network element receives the second request of the first terminal, if the second request includes the capability information of the first terminal, the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application.

The mobility management network element may obtain the subscription information of the first terminal from the UDR, and determine, based on the subscription information of the first terminal, the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to. Alternatively, the mobility management network element may receive the identification information, sent by the policy control network element, of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to.

If the second request includes the identification information of the sidelink slice, optionally, the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal, the authorization result that is received from the policy control network element and that indicates whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice. Optionally, the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal, the related information of the sidelink slice that is received from the policy control network element and that is carried in the second request. Optionally, the mobility management network element sends, to the first terminal, the authorization result that is received from the policy control network element and that indicates whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice and the related information of the sidelink slice carried in the second request.

If the second request includes the capability information of the first terminal and the identification information of the sidelink slice, the mobility management network element sends one or more of the following information received from the policy control network element to the first terminal: the related information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the authorization result indicating whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice carried in the second request, or the related information of the sidelink slice carried in the second request.

Optionally, the mobility management network element stores the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to as a context of the first terminal.

Optionally, the method may further include the following step 406, step 407, and step 408, so that the first terminal obtains the related information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal.

Step 406. The mobility management network element obtains capability information of the access network device.

The capability information of the access network device includes identification information of a sidelink slice that can be supported by the access network device.

Optionally, the access network device may obtain the capability information of the access network device by using a next generation application protocol (NGAP) message.

Step 407. The mobility management network element determines, based on the capability information of the access network device and the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal.

Optionally, the mobility management network element obtains an intersection set of the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the sidelink slice that can be supported by the access network device, determines identification information of a sidelink slice in the intersection set as the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal.

For example, sidelink slices that the first terminal subscribes to include a sidelink slice 1, a sidelink slice 2, a sidelink slice 3, and a sidelink slice 4, and sidelink slices that can be supported by the access network device include the sidelink slice 1, the sidelink slice 2, the sidelink slice 4, a sidelink slice 5, and a sidelink slice 6. In this case, the mobility management network element determines that sidelink slices allowed by the first terminal are the sidelink slice 1, the sidelink slice 2, and the sidelink slice 4.

Further, the mobility management network element may determine a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal and identification information of a D2D service application based on the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Step 408. The mobility management network element sends the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal to the first terminal.

Further, the mobility management network element may further send, to the first terminal, the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Still further, the first terminal may store the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal, and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the identification information of the D2D service application that are sent by the mobility management network element. In this way, when transmitting data of a D2D service application, the first terminal performs transmission by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application.

It should be noted that step 401 to step 408 merely use an example in which the first terminal obtains the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal, the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to and the identification information of the D2D service application, and the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal and the identification information of the D2D service application. Each terminal in the network can obtain, based on step 401 to step 408, identification information of a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to, identification information of a sidelink slice allowed by the terminal, a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to and identification information of a D2D service application, and a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by the terminal and identification information of a D2D service application.

Optionally, in step 408, the mobility management network element may alternatively send the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by each terminal to the access network device, and the access network device stores the identification information of the sidelink slice allowed by each terminal. In this way, when a terminal subsequently uses a sidelink slice, the access network device determines whether the sidelink slice is a sidelink slice allowed by the terminal and if the sidelink slice is a sidelink slice allowed by the terminal, determines to allow the terminal to use the sidelink slice.

Alternatively, the mobility management network element may send, to the access network device, the identification information of the sidelink slice that each terminal subscribes to, and the access network device stores the identification information of the sidelink slice that each terminal subscribes to. In this way, when a terminal subsequently uses a sidelink slice, the access network device determines whether the sidelink slice is a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to; if the sidelink slice is a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to, determines whether the access network device supports the sidelink slice; and if the access network device supports the sidelink slice, determines to allow the terminal to use the sidelink slice.

In step 301, for a specific process in Which the first terminal determines the second terminal in the plurality of terminals, refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows a communication method for finding a second terminal according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes the following steps.

Step 501. A first terminal sends a broadcast message including identification information of a D2D service application.

Optionally, the broadcast message further includes identification information of the first terminal, so that a terminal supporting the D2D service application in a network determines the first terminal based on the identification information of the first terminal, and sends a response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the network includes a terminal 1, a terminal 2, a terminal 3, a terminal 4, and a terminal 5. The terminal 1 sends, in the network, a broadcast message that includes identification information of the terminal 1 and the identification information of the D2D service application.

Step 502. The terminal supporting the D2D service application sends the response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

The response to the broadcast message is used to indicate that the terminal supports the D2D service application.

Optionally, after receiving the broadcast message sent by the first terminal, each terminal in the network determines whether the terminal supports the D2D service application; and if the terminal supports the D2D service application, identifies the first terminal based on the identification information of the first terminal in the broadcast message, and sends the response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

Optionally, the response to the broadcast message includes identification information of the terminal that supports the D2D service application, so that the first terminal identifies, based on the identification information, the terminal that supports the D2D service application.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, after receiving the broadcast message sent by the terminal 1, the terminal 2, the terminal 3, the terminal 4, and the terminal 5 need to determine whether the terminal 2, the terminal 3, the terminal 4, and the terminal 5 support a D2D service application. Assuming that the terminal 3 learns that the terminal 3 supports the D2D service application, the terminal 3 sends, to the terminal 1, a response, including identification information of the terminal 3, to the broadcast message, and the terminal 1 determines, based on the response to the broadcast message, that the terminal 3 supports the D2D service application.

Because there is a correspondence between a D2D service application and a sidelink slice, when determining, based on step 501 and step 502, that a terminal supports a D2D service application, the first terminal may consider by default that the terminal supports a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, and determines the terminal as a second terminal.

Alternatively, when determining, based on step 503 and step 504, that a terminal supports a sidelink slice, the first terminal may consider by default that the terminal supports a D2D service application corresponding to the sidelink slice, and determine the terminal as a second terminal.

Alternatively, the first terminal may separately determine, based on step 501, step 502, step 503, and step 504, a terminal that supports a D2D service application and a terminal that supports a sidelink slice, and determine a terminal that supports both the D2D service application and the sidelink slice as a second terminal.

Step 503. The first terminal sends a broadcast message including identification information of a sidelink slice.

The first terminal determines the identification information of the sidelink slice based on the identification information of the D2D service application and a correspondence between identification information of a sidelink slice and identification information of a D2D service application.

For example, the first terminal sends identification information of a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application to another terminal in the network, so that the first terminal determines a terminal that supports the sidelink slice. If there is a terminal that supports the sidelink slice, the first terminal may establish, with the terminal, a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Optionally, the broadcast message further includes the identification information of the first terminal, so that a terminal supporting the sidelink slice in the network determines the first terminal based on the identification information of the first terminal, and sends a response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

Step 504. The terminal supporting the sidelink slice sends the response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

The response to the broadcast message may be used to indicate that the terminal supports the sidelink slice.

Optionally, after receiving the broadcast message sent by the first terminal, each terminal in the network determines whether the sidelink slice is in a sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to or is in a sidelink slice allowed by the terminal; and if the sidelink slice is in the sidelink slice that the terminal subscribes to or is in the sidelink slice allowed by the terminal, determines that the terminal supports the sidelink slice, identifies the first terminal based on the identification information of the first terminal in the broadcast message, and sends a response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

Optionally, the response to the broadcast message includes identification information of the terminal that supports the sidelink slice, so that the first terminal identifies, based on the identification information, the terminal that supports the sidelink slice.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, after receiving a broadcast message sent by the terminal 1, the terminal 2, the terminal 3, the terminal 4, and the terminal 5 need to determine whether the terminal 2, the terminal 3, the terminal 4, and the terminal 5 support a sidelink slice. Assuming that the terminal 3 learns that the terminal 3 supports the sidelink slice, the terminal 3 sends, to the terminal 1, a response, including the identification information of the terminal 3, to the broadcast message, and the terminal 1 determines, based on the response to the broadcast message, that the terminal 3 supports the sidelink slice.

Further, when determining, based on step 503 and step 504, that a terminal supports a sidelink slice, the first terminal may consider by default that the terminal supports a D2D service application corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Step 505. The first terminal determines the second terminal.

Optionally, when determining, based on step 501 and step 502, that a terminal supports a D2D service application, the first terminal may consider by default that the terminal supports a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, and determine the terminal as the second terminal.

Alternatively, when separately determining, based on step 501, step 502, step 503, and step 504, a terminal that supports a D2D service application and a terminal that supports a sidelink slice, the first terminal may determine a terminal that supports both the D2D service application and the sidelink slice as the second terminal.

Further, when the first terminal determines the second terminal based on step 501, step 502, step 503, and step 504, in step 503, the first terminal may send the identification information of the sidelink slice to the terminal supporting the D2D service application, with no need to broadcast the identification information of the sidelink slice in the network, thereby reducing signaling exchange in the network.

For example, when the terminal 1 determines, based on the response, sent by the terminal 2 in step 502, to the broadcast message, that the terminal 2 supports the D2D service application, the terminal 1 may send the identification information of the terminal 1 and the identification information of the sidelink slice to the terminal 2.

Alternatively, the first terminal sends the broadcast message that includes the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application. In this way, after receiving the broadcast message, a terminal supporting the D2D service application and the sidelink slice sends a response to the broadcast message to the first terminal. After receiving the response to the broadcast message, the first terminal determines a terminal corresponding to the response as the second terminal.

It should be noted that, when the first terminal does not know which terminal in the network can support the D2D service application and the sidelink slice, the method described in FIG. 5 may be used to find the second terminal in the network.

Alternatively, when the first terminal determines that the second terminal can support the D2D service application and/or support the sidelink slice, but does not know which terminal in the network is the second terminal, the first terminal may include identification information of the second terminal in the broadcast message. After determining, based on the identification information of the second terminal in the broadcast message, that a terminal in the network is the second terminal, the terminal sends a response to the broadcast message to the first terminal.

In step 301, for a specific process in which the access network device or the core network device determines whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, refer to FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, an example in which the access network device determines whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice is used. FIG. 6 shows a communication method for determining to allow a first terminal to use a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes the following steps.

Step 601. A first terminal sends a third request to an access network device.

The third request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, and the third request is used to indicate to request to use the sidelink slice.

Optionally, before establishing a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice to a second terminal, the first terminal sends the third request to the access network device. When the access network device determines to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, the first terminal establishes the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Step 602. The access network device receives the third request, and determines, based on the third request, whether to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the access network device may compare a quantity of established sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice with a preset quantity threshold. For different sidelink slices, quantities of sidelinks that can be supported by the sidelink slices may be different. The access network device may obtain, from a network management network element, a maximum value of a quantity of sidelinks corresponding to each sidelink slice, that is, the preset quantity threshold. After receiving the third request, the access network device determines whether the quantity of established sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice is less than the preset quantity threshold. If the quantity is less than the preset quantity threshold, the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice, that is, the first terminal is allowed to establish the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In another possible design, if the access network device verifies that the terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice, the access network device allows the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

Specifically, the access network device determines whether the sidelink slice in the third request is in a sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to. If the sidelink slice in the third request is in the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to, the access network device determines whether the access network device supports the sidelink slice. If the access network device supports the sidelink slice, the access network device may allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

The access network device may receive identification information, sent by a mobility management network element, of the sidelink slice that the first terminal subscribes to.

In another possible design, if the access network device supports the sidelink slice in the third request, the access network device allows the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

Specifically, the access network device may determine whether the sidelink slice in the third request is in a sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal. If the sidelink slice in the third request is in the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal, the access network device allows the first terminal to use the sidelink slice.

The access network device may receive identification information, sent by a mobility management network element, of the sidelink slice allowed by the first terminal.

Step 603. The access network device sends a response to the third request to the first terminal.

The response to the third request is used to indicate that the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice.

When determining to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, the access network device may send the response to the third request to the first terminal, to notify the first terminal that the first terminal can use the sidelink slice, so that the first terminal subsequently transmits data by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Optionally, when the access network device determines not to allow the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, the access network device may send, to the first terminal, a response indicating that the first terminal is not allowed to use the sidelink slice.

Step 604. The first terminal receives the response, sent by the access network device, to the third request, and determines, based on the response to the third request, that the first terminal is allowed to use the sidelink slice.

For a specific process in which the first terminal establishes the sidelink to the second terminal in step 301, refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 shows a method for establishing a sidelink to a second terminal by a first terminal according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes the following steps.

Step 701. The first terminal sends a first request to the second terminal.

The first request includes identification information of a sidelink slice, the first request is used to request to establish a sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice, and a layer 2 address of the first request is associated with a D2D service application. The association relationship may be preconfigured in the first terminal or may be obtained by the first terminal from a network side in a process of registering with a network. The first request may include identification information of the second terminal, so that the second terminal identifies the identification information and sends a response to the first request to the first terminal. A source layer 2 address of the first request is a source layer 2 address of the first terminal, and the first request may use default setting information of an access layer (AS layer) in a conventional technology, so that the second terminal parses the first request.

Optionally, after determining that the second terminal supports a D2D service application and a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application, and determining that an access network device allows the first terminal to use the sidelink slice, the first terminal sends the first request to the second terminal.

Step 702. The second terminal receives the first request, and sends the response to the first request to the first terminal.

The second terminal identifies the identification information of the second terminal in the first request, and when determining that the sidelink slice in the first request is in a prestored subscribed sidelink slice or a prestored allowed sidelink slice, uses the source layer-2 address of the first request as a destination layer-2 address and a source layer-2 address of the second terminal as a source layer-2 address, and sends the addresses to the first terminal as the response to the first request, indicating that the sidelink is successfully established.

Step 703. The first terminal and the second terminal store a correspondence between the established sidelink and the sidelink slice.

The first terminal and the second terminal establish and store the correspondence between the established sidelink and the sidelink slice. In this way, when data of a D2D service application is to be subsequently transmitted, the data is transmitted, by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, on a sidelink corresponding to a sidelink slice corresponding to the D2D service application.

After the first terminal and the second terminal establish, by using the methods in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, a sidelink corresponding to a sidelink slice, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine, based on the method in FIG. 8. FIG. 9, or FIG. 10, a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, so that data of a D2D service application is transmitted, by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, on the sidelink corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In embodiments of this application, the first terminal is used as an example to describe a process in which a terminal obtains a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice.

In a possible design, when the first terminal is in network coverage and is in a connected state, the first terminal may obtain, by using the method in FIG. 8, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice. FIG. 8 shows a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 8, the method includes the following steps.

Step 801. The first terminal sends a fourth. request to an access network device.

The fourth request includes identification information of a sidelink slice. The fourth request is used to request a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Optionally, the fourth request further includes QoS requirement information of a service application corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Step 802. The access network device receives the fourth request, and sends a response to the fourth request to the first terminal based on the fourth request.

The response to the fourth request includes a physical transmission resource that corresponds to the sidelink slice and that is allocated by the access network device to the first terminal. The physical transmission resource that corresponds to the sidelink slice and that is allocated to the first terminal is selected from a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the identification information of the sidelink slice.

Optionally, the access network device determines, for the first terminal based on the QoS requirement information of the service application sent by the first terminal, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Step 803. The first terminal receives the response to the fourth request, and determines, based on the response to the fourth request, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

It should he noted that the first terminal may dynamically request, from the access network device based on a D2D service application, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. In other words, the first terminal may continuously schedule the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

The method in FIG. 8 is as follows: The first terminal sends the fourth request message to the access network device, to request, from the access network device, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Alternatively, the first terminal may report related information of an established sidelink to the access network device, where the related information of the sidelink includes identification information of a sidelink slice corresponding to the sidelink. After receiving the related information of the sidelink, the access network device delivers, to the first terminal based on the identification information of the sidelink slice, a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In another possible design, when the first terminal is in network coverage and is in an idle state, the first terminal may obtain, by using the method in FIG. 9, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice. FIG. 9 shows a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 9, the method includes the following steps.

Step 901. An access network device sends a system information block (SIB).

The SIB includes a correspondence between identification information of one or more sidelink slices and a physical transmission resource pool.

Step 902. The first terminal receives the SIB, and determines a physical transmission resource based on the SIB.

The identification information of the one or more sidelink slices in the SIB includes identification information of a sidelink slice corresponding to a physical transmission resource that needs to be obtained by the first terminal. The first terminal determines, based on the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool, a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice, and determines a physical transmission resource in the physical transmission resource pool based on a transmission requirement of a D2D service application. Optionally, the first terminal may store the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool and that is sent by the access network device. When the first terminal is not in network coverage, the first terminal may determine a physical transmission resource pool based on the prestored correspondence, and determine a physical transmission resource in the physical transmission resource pool based on a transmission requirement of a D2D service application.

Alternatively, the access network device sends a broadcast message including a correspondence between identification information of a sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource, so that the first terminal determines, based on the broadcast message of the access network device, a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice. In another possible design, when the first terminal is in network coverage, the first terminal may alternatively obtain, by using the method in FIG. 10, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice. FIG. 10 shows a method for obtaining, by a first terminal, a physical transmission resource corresponding to a sidelink slice according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 10, the method includes the following steps.

Step 1001. The first terminal sends a fifth request to a mobility management network element.

The fifth request includes identification information of a sidelink slice.

Step 1002. The mobility management network element receives the fifth request, and sends the fifth request to a policy control network element based on the fifth request.

The fifth request is used to request a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

Optionally, the first terminal may include the fifth request in a registration request in a process of registering with a network, to reduce signaling exchange, or may send the fifth request to the mobility management network element when the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice needs to be used. This is not limited.

Step 1003. The policy control network element receives the fifth request, and sends a response to the fifth request to the mobility management network element based on the fifth request.

The response to the fifth request includes a correspondence between identification information of a sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool.

Step 1004. The mobility management network element receives the response to the fifth request, and sends the response to the fifth request to the first terminal.

Step 1005. The first terminal receives the response to the fifth request, and determines the physical transmission resource based on the response to the fifth request.

The first terminal determines, based on the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slices and the physical transmission resource pool, a physical transmission resource pool corresponding to the sidelink slice, and determines a physical transmission resource in the physical transmission resource pool based on a transmission requirement of a D2D service application.

Optionally, the first terminal may store the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool and that is sent by the mobility management network element. When the first terminal is not in network coverage, the first terminal may determine a physical transmission resource pool based on the prestored correspondence, and determine a physical transmission resource in the physical transmission resource pool based on a transmission requirement of a D2D service application.

Alternatively, the policy control network element may directly send a correspondence between identification information of a sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource to the first terminal via the mobility management network element, so that the first terminal determines, based on the correspondence, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

It should be noted that the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 or the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool may be preconfigured by a. network management network element and stored in the access network device or the policy control network element. In the methods in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, for a sidelink slice, a physical transmission resource pool determined by the access network device may be the same as or different from a physical transmission resource pool determined by the policy control network element, that is the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is sent by the access network device may be the same as or different from the correspondence that is between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource and that is sent by the policy control network element.

Based on the foregoing methods, in different connection management states, the first terminal may obtain, in different manners, the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, so that the first terminal communicates with the second terminal on the sidelink by using the physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice, to implement D2D communication between the terminals by using the sidelink slice.

The solutions provided in embodiments of this application are mainly described. above from a perspective of interaction between the devices. It may be understood that to implement the foregoing functions, the devices include hardware structures and/or software modules corresponding to the functions, A person skilled in the art should be easily aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, algorithm steps may be implemented by hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in this application. Whether a function is performed by hardware or hardware driven by computer software depends on a particular application and a design constraint of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.

In embodiments of this application, a network node may be divided into function modules based on the foregoing method examples. For example, function modules corresponding to the functions may be obtained through division, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module may be implemented in a form of hardware, or may be implemented in a form of a software functional module. It should be noted that, in embodiments of this application, division into the modules is an example, and is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, another division manner may be used.

When each function module is obtained through division based on each corresponding function, FIG. 11 shows a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus 110 may be a first terminal, a chip or a system on chip in the first terminal. The communication apparatus 110 may be configured to perform a function of the first terminal in the foregoing embodiments. The communication apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 11 includes a processing module 1101.

The processing module 1101 is configured to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and a second terminal, where the sidelink corresponds to a sidelink slice. The processing module 1101 is further configured to communicate with the second terminal on the sidelink by using a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus 110, refer to behavior functions of the first terminal in the D2D communication method in FIG. 3.

In a possible design, the communication apparatus further includes a transceiver module 1102. The transceiver module 1102 is configured to send a first request including identification information of the sidelink slice to the second terminal, where the first request is used to establish the sidelink.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal based on a correspondence between identification information of a D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice, where the sidelink is used to transmit data of the D2D service application.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a second request including capability information of the first terminal to a mobility management network element, where the capability information is used to indicate that the first terminal supports D2D communication. The transceiver module 1102 is configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the second request including the correspondence between the identification information of the D2D service application and the identification information of the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal if the first terminal determines that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a broadcast message including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the second terminal, a response to the broadcast message, where the response is used to indicate that the second terminal supports the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send the first request to the second terminal if the first terminal determines that an access network device allows use of the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device: and the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the access network device, a response to the third request, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

In a possible design, the processing module 1101 is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a fourth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice to the access network device; and the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the access network device, a response to the fourth request, where the response includes the physical transmission resource.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the access network device, a system information block (SIB) including a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the access network device, an SIB including a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and the processing module 1101 is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a fifth request including the identification information of the. sidelink slice to the mobility management network element; the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes a correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and a physical transmission resource pool; and the processing module 1101 is further configured to determine the physical transmission resource based on the physical transmission resource pool.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to send a fifth request including the identification information of the sidelink slice; and the transceiver module 1102 is further configured to receive, from the mobility management network element, a response to the fifth request, where the response includes the correspondence between the identification information of the sidelink slice and the physical transmission resource pool,

In another possible implementation, in FIG. 11, the processing module 1101 may be replaced with a processor, the transceiver module 1102 may be replaced with a transceiver, a function of the processing module 1101 may be integrated into the processor, and a function of the transceiver module 1102 may be integrated into the transceiver. Further, the communication apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 11 may further include a memory. When the processing module 1101 is replaced with a processor, and the transceiver module 1102 is replaced with a transceiver, the communication apparatus 110 in this embodiment of this application may be the communication apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of a structure of a communication apparatus 120. The communication apparatus 120 may be a second terminal, or a chip or a system on chip in the second terminal. The communication apparatus 120 may be configured to perform a function of the second terminal in the foregoing embodiments. The communication apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 12 includes a transceiver module 1201.

The transceiver module 1201 is configured to receive, from a first terminal, a first request including identification information of a sidelink slice, where the first request is used to establish a sidelink between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the sidelink corresponds to the sidelink slice.

The transceiver module 1201 is configured to send a response to the first request to the first terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink is successfully established.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus 120, refer to behavior functions of the second terminal in the D2D communication methods in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1201 is specifically configured to send the response to the first request to the first terminal if the second terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1201 is further configured to receive, from a mobility management network element, identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the second terminal has permission to use.

In another implementation, the transceiver module 1201 in FIG. 12 may be replaced with a transceiver, and a function of the transceiver module 1201 may be integrated into the transceiver. Further, the communication apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 12 may further include a memory. When the transceiver module 1201 is replaced with a transceiver, the communication apparatus 120 in this embodiment of this application may be the communication apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 13 shows a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus 130 may be an access network device, or a chip or a system on chip in the access network device. The communication apparatus 130 may be configured to perform a function of the access network device in the foregoing embodiments. The communication apparatus 130 shown in FIG. 13 includes a transceiver module 1301.

The transceiver module 1301 is configured to broadcast, to a terminal, a system information block (SIB) including a correspondence between identification information of a plurality of sidelink slices and a physical transmission resource pool.

For a specific implementation of the communication apparatus 130, refer to behavior functions of the access network device in the D2D communication methods in FIG. 4, FIG. 6, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is configured to receive, a fourth request including identification information of a sidelink slice from the terminal, where the identification information of the one or more sidelink slices includes the identification information of the sidelink slice. The transceiver module 1301 is further configured to send a response to the fourth request to the terminal, where the response includes a physical transmission resource corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is further configured to receive a third request including the identification information of the sidelink slice from the terminal; and the transceiver module 1301 is further configured to send a response to the third request to the terminal, where the response is used to indicate that the sidelink slice is allowed to be used.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device determines that a quantity of established sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice is less than a preset quantity threshold, where the preset quantity threshold is a maximum value of the quantity of sidelinks corresponding to the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device verifies that the terminal has permission to use the sidelink slice.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is further specifically configured to receive, from a mobility management network element, identification information of one or more sidelink slices that the terminal has permission to use.

In a possible design, the transceiver module 1301 is specifically configured to send the response to the third request to the terminal if the access network device supports the sidelink slice.

In another implementation, the transceiver module 1301 in FIG. 13 may be replaced with a transceiver, and a function of the transceiver module 1301 may be integrated into the transceiver. Further, the communication apparatus 130 shown in FIG. 13 may further include a memory. When the transceiver module 1301 is replaced with a transceiver, the communication apparatus 130 in this embodiment of this application may be the communication apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. All or some of the procedures in the foregoing method embodiments may be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program may be stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the procedures in the foregoing method embodiments may be included. The computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the terminal (including a data transmit end and/or a data receive end) in any one of the foregoing embodiments, for example, a hard disk or a memory of the terminal. Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium may be an external storage device of the terminal, for example, a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, or the like that is configured on the terminal. Further, the computer-readable storage medium may include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium is configured to store the computer program and other programs and data that are required by the terminal. The computer-readable storage medium may be further configured to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.

It should be noted that, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application, the terms “first”, “second”, and the like are intended to distinguish between different objects but do not indicate a particular order. In addition, the terms “including”, “having”, and any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, a method, a system, a product, or a device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes an unlisted step or unit, or optionally further includes another inherent step or unit of the process, the method, the product, or the device.

It should he understood that in this application, “at least one (item)” means one or more. “a plurality of” means two or more, and “at least two (items)” means two, three, or more. The term “and/or” is used to describe an association relationship between associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, “A and/or B” may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “/” generally represents an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces)” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces). For example, at least one of a, b, or c may indicate a, b, c, “a and b”, “a and c”, “b and c”, or “a, b, and c”, where a, b, and c may be singular or plural.

The foregoing description about the implementations allows a. person skilled in the art to clearly understand that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, division into only the foregoing function modules is used as an example for description. During actual application, the foregoing functions can be allocated to different function modules for implementation as required. In other words, an inner structure of an apparatus is divided into different function modules to implement all or some of the functions described above.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiments are merely examples. For example, division into the modules or units is merely logical function division, and may be other division during actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another apparatus, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components displayed as units may be one or more physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of different places. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solutions in the embodiment.

In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or may be implemented in a form of a software function unit.

When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, the integrated unit may be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions in embodiments of this application essentially, or the part contributing to the conventional technology, or all or some of the technical solutions may be implemented in the form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for instructing a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip or the like) or a processor to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in embodiments of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.

The foregoing description is merely a specific implementation of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	PCT/CN2019/130943	Dec 2019	US
Child	17839648		US

D2D COMMUNICATION METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM

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CPC

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Abstract

Description

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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

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