Patent Grant
9291104
The present invention relates to a damping device that can suppress combustion vibrations generated in a combustor, for example, in a gas turbine that obtains rotational power by supplying fuel to compressed high-temperature and high-pressure air for combustion, and supplying generated combustion gas to a turbine, and relates to a gas turbine combustor including the damping device.
For example, a gas turbine includes a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. Air taken in from an air inlet port is compressed by the compressor to compressed air with high-temperature and high-pressure. Fuel is supplied to the compressed air for combustion in the combustor, and the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas drives the turbine and a generator connected to the turbine. In this case, the turbine has a chamber in which a plurality of stator vanes and rotor blades are alternately arranged, and an output shaft to which the generator is connected is rotated and driven by driving the rotor blades with the combustion gas. The combustion gas having driven the turbine is converted into static pressure by a diffuser in an exhaust casing, and released to atmosphere.
In the combustor of the gas turbine formed in this manner, an inner tube is contained in and supported by an outer casing, and a casing is formed by connecting a combustor transition piece to an end portion of the inner tube. An air passage that supplies high-pressure air to the inner tube is formed between the outer casing and the inner tube. A pilot nozzle is arranged at the center of the inner tube, a plurality of main fuel nozzles is arranged at an inner peripheral surface of the inner tube, and a pilot burner is arranged at the periphery of the pilot nozzle.
A bypass pipe is connected to the combustor transition piece, and the bypass pipe forms a bypass passage for supplying high-pressure air to the combustor transition piece. A high-pressure flow rate adjustment valve is installed in the bypass pipe.
Accordingly, an air flow of the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air compressed by the compressor flows into the air passage of the gas turbine combustor, and is introduced into the inner tube. In the inner tube, the compressed air and fuel injected from a fuel nozzle are mixed, and flow into the combustor transition piece as a swirl flow of an air-fuel premixture. At this time, the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the pilot burner, combusted, and generates combustion gas. At this time, a part of the combustion gas is blown into the combustor transition piece so as to be diffused to surrounding areas with a flame. Accordingly, the air-fuel premixture injected from the main fuel nozzles is ignited and combusted. The compressed air from the compressor is divided into combustion air guided to the inner tube through the air passage and bypass air guided to the combustor transition piece through the bypass pipe, by opening and closing the flow rate adjustment valve. Accordingly, the air-fuel ratio in the inner tube can be adjusted. The air-fuel ratio is reduced by opening the flow rate adjustment valve, and the air-fuel ratio is increased by closing the flow rate adjustment valve.
In the gas turbine combustor operated as described above, combustion vibrations may occur during the combustion of air-fuel mixture. The combustion vibrations cause noise and vibration during the operation of the gas turbine. In particular, in recent gas turbines, environmental effects are taken into consideration during operation, and reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) from flue gas has been carried out. To reduce NOx, fuel-lean combustion is often used. However, in the lean combustion, combustion tends to become unstable, thereby easily generating combustion vibrations. Accordingly, the conventional gas turbine combustors include a damping device to damp vibrations.
For example, Patent document 1 discloses a gas turbine combustor that includes the damping device. In the gas turbine combustor disclosed in Patent document 1, an acoustic damper is attached to a bypass elbow. The acoustic damper includes a holder mounted so as to hold the bypass elbow, a pair of acoustic boxes fixed at an interval from the bypass elbow, and a pair of cassettes arranged between the bypass elbow and the pair of acoustic boxes and fixed with the holder. The cassettes include a porous metal. Accordingly, low frequency vibrations resonate in the acoustic boxes including a resonance pipe in a maze shape, and the porous metals fixed to more than two locations can damp vibrations over a wider range of frequencies.
[Patent document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-022966
In the conventional gas turbine combustors, the acoustic box is a spiral duct partitioned by partitions. Accordingly, to form the acoustic box, a number of plate members need to be curved and connected by welding, thereby complicating manufacturing and increasing manufacturing costs.
The present invention has been made to solve the problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a damping device and a gas turbine combustor that can effectively damp vibrations, simplify the structure, and reduce costs.
A damping device of the present invention used to solve the problems has configurations of the following 1 to 10.
1) According to an aspect of the present invention, a damping device that is mounted on an outer peripheral portion of a pipe including a flow passage through which fluid flows and that damps acoustic vibrations by introducing therein the fluid in the pipe, includes: a fluid introducing unit in which a fluid introduction space that is able to introduce therein the fluid in the flow passage is formed by covering at least a part of the outer peripheral portion of the pipe; a plurality of acoustic boxes that includes a resonance space communicably connected with the fluid introduction space, a base portion connected to the fluid introducing unit, and an end portion extending along the outer peripheral portion of the pipe; and a partition plate that forms a resonance duct of a predetermined length by partitioning each resonance space.
2) Advantageously, in the damping device, the fluid introducing unit is connected to the acoustic boxes through a branch pipe, and the fluid introduction space is communicably connected with the resonance spaces through a communication passage whose diameter is reduced in the branch pipe.
3) Advantageously, in the damping device, the fluid introducing unit communicably connects the fluid introduction space and the resonance spaces.
4) Advantageously, in the damping device, the fluid introduction space is communicably connected with the flow passage through a plurality of through holes formed in the pipe, and communicably connected with the resonance spaces so that the resonance spaces are branched from the fluid introduction space.
5) Advantageously, in the damping device, the resonance duct having a predetermined length is formed in a zigzag manner with the resonance spaces partitioned by alternately fixing a plurality of such partition plates to wall surfaces opposite to each other in the acoustic boxes.
6) Advantageously, in the damping device, a plurality of such resonance ducts is set at different lengths.
7) Advantageously, in the damping device, the resonance ducts having a predetermined length are formed by fixing the partition plate in the acoustic boxes, and two resonance ducts having different lengths are formed by communicably connecting an end portion of the resonance ducts with the fluid introduction space by connecting the end portion of the acoustic boxes to the fluid introducing unit through a connection pipe, and by fixing a closing plate at a middle portion of the resonance ducts in a longitudinal direction.
8) Advantageously, in the damping device, the resonance duct is a plurality of independent resonance ducts divided with a partition wall that divides the pipe in an axial direction of the pipe, and includes an opening for communicably connecting the resonance ducts or a closing plate that closes the opening.
9) Advantageously, in the damping device, the resonance duct includes a resistance member that provides resistance to fluid.
10) According to another aspect of the present invention, a gas turbine combustor includes: a combustion cylinder in which high-pressure air and fuel are combusted to generate combustion gas; a transition piece that is connected to the combustion cylinder and that guides the combustion gas to a turbine; a high-pressure combustion air supply passage that supplies high-pressure air to be used for combustion to the combustion cylinder; a fuel nozzle that injects fuel into high-temperature air in the combustion cylinder; and a bypass pipe that supplies high-pressure air to the transition piece. The bypass pipe includes the damping device according to any one of 1) to 9).
A damping device according to the present invention includes a fluid introducing unit in which a fluid introduction space that can introduce therein fluid in a flow passage is formed, by covering at least a part of an outer peripheral portion of a pipe, a plurality of acoustic boxes that includes a resonance space communicably connected with the fluid introduction space with the base portions connected to the fluid introducing unit and the end portions extending along the outer peripheral portion of the pipe, and a partition plate that forms a resonance duct of a predetermined length by partitioning each resonance space. Accordingly, acoustic vibrations are generated in the flow passage of the pipe. However, when acoustic energy caused by the acoustic vibrations is transmitted to the resonance duct through the fluid introduction space, the acoustic vibrations are suppressed by resonance in the resonance duct. Consequently, it is possible to damp the acoustic vibrations effectively. A resonance duct of a predetermined length can be easily formed by partitioning the resonance spaces of the acoustic boxes with the partition plate. As a result, it is possible to simplify the structure and reduce costs.
Exemplary embodiments of a damping device and a gas turbine combustor according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
[First Embodiment]
A gas turbine of the first embodiment, as shown in
Accordingly, air taken in from the air inlet port 15 of the compressor 11 passes though the stator vanes 21 and the rotor blades 22, is compressed, and becomes high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air. The compressed air to which a predetermined fuel is supplied is combusted in the combustor 12. The high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas that is working fluid generated in the combustor 12 passes through the stator vanes 21 and the rotor blades 22 in the turbine 13, and drives and rotates the rotor 24. The combustion gas also drives the generator connected to the rotor 24, and the flue gas is converted into static pressure by the exhaust diffuser 23 in the exhaust chamber 14, and released to atmosphere.
In the combustor 12, as shown in
Describing in more detail, as shown in
A top hat unit 47 is attached to the outer casing cover 42, and fastened with a plurality of fastening bolts 48. The top hat unit 47 includes the top hat nozzles 37. In other words, a fuel cavity 49 is formed on a base portion of the top hat unit 47 in the circumferential direction, and a plurality of fuel passages 50 is formed from the fuel cavity 49 towards the tip end. A peg 52 is connected to an end portion of each of the fuel passages 50.
A pilot fuel line is connected to a fuel port 53 of the pilot nozzle 34, a main fuel line is connected to a fuel port 54 of the main fuel nozzles 35, and a top hat fuel line is connected to a fuel port 55 of the top hat nozzles 37. The pilot fuel line, the main fuel line, and the top hat fuel line are not shown.
As shown in
In the damping device 63, as shown in
The fluid introducing unit 71 is formed in a ring-shape so as to cover a part of the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61, and is fixed to the bypass pipe 61 by welding and the like. A plurality of acoustic boxes 73a and 73b (two in the present embodiment) is connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through a branch pipe 72. Base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72, and end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portions of the bypass pipe 61 and the fluid introducing unit 71 in the circumferential direction. Resonance spaces Da and Db are formed inside the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b by closing the end portions thereof. The resonance spaces Da and Db are communicably connected with the fluid introduction space B of the fluid introducing unit 71 through a communication passage C whose diameter is reduced in the branch pipe 72.
Each of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b is branched from the branch pipe 72, bent in an L-shape, and formed in a hollow box shape. By fixing a plurality of partition plates 74a and 74b in the end portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b, the resonance spaces Da and Db are partitioned, whereby resonance ducts Ea and Eb having a predetermined length are formed. In other words, in the end portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b, only the ends of the partition plates 74a and 74b are alternately fixed to the wall surfaces opposite to each other. Accordingly, the resonance spaces Da and Db are partitioned, and the resonance ducts Ea and Eb having a predetermined length are formed in a zigzag manner. In this case, the lengths of the resonance ducts Ea and Eb formed in a zigzag manner are obtained by obliquely fixing the ends of the partition plates 74a and 74b to the wall surfaces opposite to each other in the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b.
In the present embodiment, a housing of the damping device is integrally formed with the fluid introducing unit 71, the branch pipe 72, and the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b. The damping device 63 is produced by fixing the partition plates 74a and 74b in the inside of the housing (acoustic boxes 73a and 73b). In this case, the fluid introducing unit 71, the branch pipe 72, and the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b may be made of sheet metal, and the members may be joined by welding. The damping device 63 is fixed to the bypass pipe 61 by welding.
Accordingly, the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 is communicably connected with the fluid introduction space B of the fluid introducing unit 71 through the through holes 61a, and the fluid introduction space B is communicably connected with the resonance spaces Da and Db of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72. The resonance spaces Da and Db are communicably connected with the resonance ducts Ea and Eb formed at the end portions of the resonance spaces Da and Db.
In the gas turbine combustor 12 of the first embodiment formed in this manner, as shown in
By adjusting the opening of the bypass valve 62 in the bypass pipe 61 connected to the combustor transition piece 33, the compressed air in the chamber is supplied to the transition piece 33 through the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61. In other words, by opening and closing the bypass valve 62, the compressed air is divided into combustion air guided to the inner tube 32 through the air passage 44 and bypass air guided to the combustor transition piece 33 through the bypass pipe 61. Accordingly, air-fuel ratio in the inner tube 32 can be adjusted.
In the gas turbine combustor 12 operated in this manner, combustion vibrations may occur when the compressed air-fuel mixture is combusted in the inner tube 32. In the present embodiment, the damping device 63 is mounted on the bypass pipe 61. Accordingly, the combustion vibrations generated in the inner tube 32 are damped by the damping device 63 through the bypass pipe 61.
In other words, when the high-pressure air and the fuel are combusted in the inner tube 32 and generate combustion gas, the combustion vibrations are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61 with the combustion gas, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the damping device 63. Accordingly, as shown in
In this manner, in the damping device 63 and the gas turbine combustor 12 of the first embodiment, the inner tube 32 is arranged inside the outer casing 31, the combustor transition piece 33 is connected to the end portion of the inner tube 32, and the pilot nozzle 34 and the main fuel nozzles 35 are arranged inside of the inner tube 32. The air passage 44 for supplying high-pressure air used for combustion to the inner tube 32 is arranged, and the bypass pipe 61 for supplying an amount of high-pressure air to the combustor transition piece 33 is also arranged. The damping device 63 is mounted on the bypass pipe 61, and the damping device 63 includes the fluid introducing unit 71 that forms the fluid introduction space B by covering the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61. The damping device 63 also includes the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b that form the resonance spaces Da and Db with the base portions connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 and the end portions extending along the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 in the circumferential direction, and includes the partition plates 74a and 74b that form the resonance ducts Ea and Eb at a predetermined length obtained by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db.
Accordingly, when the high-pressure air and the fuel are combusted in the inner tube 32 and generate combustion gas, the combustion vibrations generated correspondingly are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the fluid introduction space B from the flow passage A. The acoustic energy is then transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db from the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C, and resonates in the resonance ducts Ea and Eb obtained by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db with the partition plates 74a and 74b. Accordingly, it is possible to properly damp the combustion vibrations.
In this case, the damping device 63 is produced by integrally forming the fluid introducing unit 71, the branch pipe 72, and the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b, and by fixing the partition plates 74a and 74b in the inside of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73. Accordingly, the damping device 63 can be easily produced by joining the fluid introducing unit 71, the branch pipe 72, the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b, and the partition plates 74a and 74b together by welding. Consequently, it is possible to simplify the structure and reduce costs.
In the damping device 63 of the first embodiment, the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72. The fluid introduction space B is communicably connected with the resonance spaces Da and Db through the communication passage C whose diameter is reduced in the branch pipe 72. Accordingly, acoustic energy caused by acoustic vibrations generated in the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 is transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db through one communication passage C and is damped. Accordingly, the acoustic vibrations can be effectively damped by using the resonance spaces Da and Db, and the resonance ducts Ea and Eb can be efficiently obtained in a limited space.
In the damping device 63 of the first embodiment, the fluid introduction space B is communicably connected with the flow passage A through the through holes 61a formed on the bypass pipe 61, and the resonance spaces Da and Db are communicably connected so as to be branched from the fluid introduction space B. Accordingly, acoustic energy caused by the acoustic vibrations generated in the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 is transmitted to the fluid introduction space B through the through holes 61a. The acoustic energy is then transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db through the communication passage C and is damped. Consequently, it is possible to effectively damp the acoustic vibrations by using the resonance spaces Da and Db, and the resonance ducts Ea and Eb can be efficiently obtained in a limited space.
In the damping device 63 of the first embodiment, the partition plates 74a and 74b are alternately fixed to the wall surfaces opposite to each other in the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b to partition the resonance spaces, and the resonance ducts Ea and Eb having a predetermined length are formed in a zigzag manner. Consequently, the acoustic vibrations can be effectively damped, because the resonance ducts Ea and Eb having a predetermined length are formed in the resonance spaces Da and Db having a limited space by using the partition plates 74a and 74b.
[Second Embodiment]
In the second embodiment, as shown in
In other words, in the damping device 81, the fluid introduction space B is formed by fixing the fluid introducing unit 71 to the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61. The fluid introduction space B is communicably connected with the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 through the through holes 61a. Two acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72, and the base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72, and the end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portions of the bypass pipe 61 and the fluid introducing unit 71 in the circumferential direction. The base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are communicably connected with the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and the end portions thereof are closed, whereby the resonance spaces Da and Db are formed. The resonance ducts Ea and Eb in a predetermined length are formed in the resonance spaces Da and Db, by fixing the partition plates 74a and 74b to the end portions of the resonance spaces Da and Db.
In the present embodiment, a closing plate 82 is fixed between the two partition plates 74b by welding in the resonance space Db of the second acoustic box 73b. Accordingly, the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 is communicably connected with the fluid introduction space B of the fluid introducing unit 71 through the through holes 61a, communicably connected with the resonance space Da of the first acoustic box 73a through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and communicably connected with the resonance duct Ea. The flow passage A is also communicably connected with the resonance space Db of the second acoustic box 73b through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and communicably connected with the resonance duct Eb. In this case, the closing plate 82 is fixed to the partition plates 74b of the second acoustic box 73b. Accordingly, the length from the flow passage A to the end portion of the resonance duct Ea through the fluid introduction space B, the communication passage C, and the resonance space Da, and the length from the flow passage A to the closed end (closing plate 82) of the resonance duct Eb through the fluid introduction space B, the communication passage C, and the resonance space Db are different.
In the damping device 81 formed in this manner, combustion vibrations are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61 with combustion gas, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the damping device 81. The acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations transmitted to the fluid introduction space B of the fluid introducing unit 71 from the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 through the through holes 61a is transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b from the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and then transmitted to the resonance ducts Ea and Eb from the resonance spaces Da and Db. Accordingly, the combustion vibrations (acoustic energy) are damped by producing resonance in the resonance ducts Ea and Eb. In this case, because the lengths of the resonance ducts Ea and Eb are set differently, vibrations of different frequencies caused by combustion are properly damped.
In the damping device 81 of the present embodiment, because the closing plate 82 is fixed between the two partition plates 74b in the acoustic box 73b, the length of the second resonance duct Eb is different from that of the first resonance duct Ea. In this case, the resonance space Db of the acoustic box 73b is divided into two resonance ducts Eb and Ec by the closing plate 82. Accordingly, three resonance ducts Ea, Eb, and Ec having different lengths can be formed by connecting the fluid introducing unit 71 and the end portion of the acoustic box 73b with a connection pipe 83 and by communicably connecting the fluid introduction space B and the resonance duct Ec. Consequently, the vibrations of three types of frequencies caused by combustion are properly damped.
In this manner, in the damping device 81 of the second embodiment, the fluid introduction space B is formed by covering the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 with the fluid introducing unit 71, the base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b including the resonance spaces Da and Db are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71, the end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 in the circumferential direction, the resonance ducts Ea and Eb are formed by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db with the partition plates 74a and 74b, and the length of the second resonance duct Eb is made shorter than that of the first resonance duct Ea by fixing the closing plate 82 between the two partition plates 74b in the second acoustic box 73b.
Accordingly, vibrations caused by combustion are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the fluid introduction space B from the flow passage A. The acoustic energy is then transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db from the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C, and resonates in the resonance ducts Ea and Eb formed by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db with the partition plates 74a and 74b. Consequently, it is possible to properly damp the combustion vibrations. At this time, by making the lengths of the resonance ducts Ea and Eb different from each other, the generated acoustic vibrations of different frequencies can be properly damped by the resonance ducts Ea and Eb.
The three resonance ducts Ea, Eb, and Ec having different lengths can be formed by connecting the fluid introducing unit 71 and the end portion of the acoustic box 73b with the connection pipe 83, and by communicably connecting the fluid introduction space B and the resonance duct Ec. Accordingly, vibrations of three types of frequencies caused by combustion can be properly damped, and the resonance ducts Ea, Eb, and Ec having different lengths can be efficiently formed in a limited space.
[Third Embodiment]
In the third embodiment, as shown in
In other words, in the damping device 91, the fluid introduction space B is formed by fixing the fluid introducing unit 71 to the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61, and the fluid introduction space B is communicably connected with the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 through the through holes 61a. Two acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72, and the base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72, and the end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portions of the bypass pipe 61 and the fluid introducing unit 71 in the circumferential direction. The base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b are communicably connected with the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and the end portions thereof are closed, whereby the resonance spaces Da and Db are formed. The resonance ducts Ea and Eb of a predetermined length are formed by fixing the partition plates 74a and 74b to the end portions of the resonance spaces Da and Db.
In the present embodiment, two resistance members 92 and 93 are provided in the resonance space Db of the second acoustic box 73b at the upstream of the resonance duct Eb. In this case, the resistance members 92 and 93 are made of a porous metal, a porous plate, and the like. In the embodiment, two resistance members 92 and 93 are provided in one resonance space Db. However, the installation position and the number of the resistance member are not limited by the embodiment, and may be set appropriately depending on the structure of the combustor and the combustion mode.
In the damping device 91 formed in this manner, combustion vibrations are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61 with combustion gas, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the damping device 91. Accordingly, the acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations transmitted to the fluid introduction space B of the fluid introducing unit 71 from the flow passage A of the bypass pipe 61 through the through holes 61a is transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b from the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C of the branch pipe 72, and transmitted to the resonance ducts Ea and Eb from the resonance spaces Da and Db. At this time, the vibration energy is reduced by passing through the resistance members 92 and 93. The combustion vibrations (acoustic energy) are then damped by producing resonance in the resonance ducts Ea and Eb.
In this manner, in the damping device 91 of the third embodiment, the fluid introduction space B is formed by covering the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 with the fluid introducing unit 71, the base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a and 73b including the resonance spaces Da and Db are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71, the end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 in the circumferential direction, the resonance ducts Ea and Eb are formed by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db with the partition plates 74a and 74b, and the resistance members 92 and 93 are arranged in the resonance space Db of the second acoustic box 73b.
Accordingly, vibrations caused by combustion are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the fluid introduction space B from the flow passage A. The acoustic energy is then transmitted to the resonance spaces Da and Db from the fluid introduction space B through the communication passage C, and resonates in the resonance ducts Ea and Eb formed by partitioning the resonance spaces Da and Db with the partition plates 74a and 74b. Consequently, it is possible to properly damp the combustion vibrations. When the combustion vibrations (acoustic energy) pass through the resistance members 92 and 93, the vibration energy is reduced. Consequently, it is possible to effectively damp acoustic vibrations.
[Fourth Embodiment]
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in
In other words, in the damping device 101, a fluid introduction space is formed by fixing the fluid introducing unit 71 to the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61, and four acoustic boxes 73a, 73b, 73c, and 73d are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71 through the branch pipe 72. In each of the resonance spaces in the acoustic boxes 73a, 73b, 73c, and 73d, a resonance duct having a predetermined length is formed with a plurality of partition plates, which is not shown.
In the damping device 101 formed in this manner, combustion vibrations are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61 with combustion gas, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the damping device 101. Accordingly, the acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations transmitted to the fluid introduction space of the fluid introducing unit 71 from the flow passage of the bypass pipe 61 is transmitted to the resonance spaces of the acoustic boxes 73a, 73b, 73c, and 73d from the fluid introduction space through the communication passage of the branch pipe 72, and transmitted to the resonance ducts from the resonance spaces. Consequently, the combustion vibrations (acoustic energy) are damped by producing resonance in the resonance ducts.
In this manner, in the damping device 101 of the fourth embodiment, the fluid introduction space is formed by covering the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 with the fluid introducing unit 71, the base portions of the acoustic boxes 73a, 73b, 73c, and 73d including the resonance spaces are connected to the fluid introducing unit 71, the end portions thereof are extended along the outer peripheral portion of the bypass pipe 61 in the circumferential direction, and the resonance ducts are formed by partitioning the resonance spaces with the partition plates.
Accordingly, vibrations caused by combustion are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61, acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the fluid introduction space from the flow passage, and transmitted to the four resonance spaces from the fluid introduction space through the communication passage. Consequently, the acoustic energy resonates in the resonance duct of the resonance spaces, whereby the combustion vibrations are properly damped. At this time, the combustion vibrations of four frequencies can be effectively damped by making the lengths of the four resonance ducts different from each other.
In the embodiments described above, two or four acoustic boxes are provided and the same number of resonance spaces and resonance ducts are formed. However, the numbers are not limited by the embodiments, and may be set appropriately depending on the structure of the combustor and the combustion mode.
In the embodiments described above, the damping device is mounted on the bypass pipe. However, it is not limited thereto, and the damping device may be mounted on the inner tube or on the combustor transition piece.
[Fifth Embodiment]
In the fifth embodiment, as shown in
In the present embodiment, four partition plates 74a-1 to 74a-4 and 74b-1 to 74b-4 are used as partition members for forming the resonance ducts Ea and Eb.
The size of the fluid introducing unit 71 is also reduced by covering about a quarter of the bypass pipe 61, unlike the damping device 63 shown in
Accordingly, unlike the damping device 63 of the first embodiment, as shown in
In this manner, in the present embodiment, the size of the damping device 111 can be reduced, and the damping device 111 can be removed without opening the chamber.
As shown in
In this manner, in the present embodiment, it is possible to damp low frequencies, without sacrificing the effect of reducing combustion vibrations.
[Sixth Embodiment]
In the sixth embodiment, low frequencies are damped by eliminating a part of the partition plates 74a-1 to 74a-4 and 74b-1 to 74b-4 from the damping device 111 shown in
In other words, in a damping device 121A in
In a damping device 121B in
This is because relationships of the damping ratios and the frequencies as shown in
In the test, the standard sectional area of each of the portions is set to “1”, and the relationship between the damping ratio and the frequency is measured, when the area is made smaller than the standard sectional area and when the area is made larger than the standard sectional area.
Accordingly, in A5 (corresponding to the damping device 121A in
Consequently, it is possible to damp low frequencies by increasing the spaces of the middle portions and the bottom portions of the resonance ducts Ea and Eb. As a result, it is possible to damp low frequency vibrations effectively.
[Seventh Embodiment]
In the seventh embodiment, as shown in
In the present embodiment, the left resonance duct of the damping device 121 in
In other words, in the damping device 131, as shown in
As shown in
In this manner, in the present embodiment, the lengths of the resonance ducts can be set differently corresponding to a desired frequency. Accordingly, it is possible to properly damp vibrations of different frequencies caused by combustion.
Consequently, vibrations caused by combustion are transmitted to the bypass pipe 61, and acoustic energy caused by the combustion vibrations is transmitted to the resonance spaces Da-f, Da-r, Db-f, and Db-r from the flow passage A through the communication passage C. The acoustic energy resonates in the resonance spaces Da-f, Da-r, Db-f, and Db-r, whereby the combustion vibrations are properly damped. At this time, the lengths of the Da-f, Da-r, Db-f, and Db-r are increased by twice by opening the opening 133, whereby the length of the pipe is increased. As a result, it is possible to properly perform low frequency tuning.
In the present embodiment, the chamber is divided into two, i.e., to the front chamber and the rear chamber in the axial direction. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the lengths of the resonance spaces can be further increased by dividing the chamber into more chambers.
The damping device and the gas turbine combustor according to the present invention effectively damp vibrations, simplify the structure, and reduce costs. The damping device and the gas turbine combustor can be applied to any type of damping devices and gas turbine combustors.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007-301644 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |
| 2008-146858 | Jun 2008 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2008/071050 | 11/19/2008 | WO | 00 | 5/20/2010 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/066706 | 5/28/2009 | WO | A |
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| 20050144950 | Flohr et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050223707 | Ikeda et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100251718 A1 | Oct 2010 | US |
