A virtual machine is a virtual sharing or partitioning of computer resources. For example, the virtually partitioned resources may include one or more processors, memory, storage, network cards, etc. Each virtual machine may run its own instance of an operating system and may run one or more applications on its operating system. The virtual machines may have separate file systems, separate users, separate applications, and separate processes. The virtual machines are generally separate, or isolated, from each other in some ways, thereby providing a look and feel like a separate server or machine from the perspective of its users. A virtual input/output (I/O) server generally provides I/O processing for the different virtual machines to bridge communications between a physical network adapter and each of the virtual machines.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure a method and technique for data flow affinity for heterogeneous virtual machines is disclosed. The method includes: connecting first and second logical partitions to a shared virtual adapter, the first logical partition having a maximum receive unit (MRU) different than a MRU of the second logical partition; and responsive to receiving data by the shared virtual adapter destined for the first or second logical partitions, performing transmission control protocol (TCP) segmentation offload processing of the data by the shared virtual adapter utilizing the MRU of the first logical partition as the transmission unit for data destined for the first logical partition and utilizing the MRU of the second logical partition as the transmission unit for data destined for the second logical partition.
For a more complete understanding of the present application, the objects and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and technique for data flow affinity for heterogeneous virtual machines. For example, in some embodiments, the method and technique includes: connecting first and second logical partitions to a shared virtual adapter, the first logical partition having a maximum receive unit (MRU) different than a MRU of the second logical partition; and responsive to receiving data by the shared virtual adapter destined for the first or second logical partitions, performing transmission control protocol (TCP) segmentation offload processing of the data by the shared virtual adapter utilizing the MRU of the first logical partition as the transmission unit for data destined for the first logical partition and utilizing the MRU of the second logical partition as the transmission unit for data destined for the second logical partition. Embodiments of the present disclosure enable better and/or full utilization of virtual machine bandwidth capabilities by tailoring the packet sizes destined for the respective virtual machines according to the bandwidth capacity of the respective virtual machines. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure utilize a shared virtual adapter to custom-fit the packet sizes communicated to a respective virtual machine based on the maximum receive unit (MRU) of the respective virtual machine. The shared virtual adapter is configured to perform software-based large receive offload (LRO) processing of the incoming data packets based on the MRU for the virtual machine destination. The aggregated data packets may then be communicated to the virtual machine destination (e.g., using transmission control protocol (TCP) segmentation offload (TSO) processing) using the MRU for the respective virtual machine as the transmission unit.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied as a system, method or computer program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
Any combination of one or more computer usable or computer readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
Aspects of the present disclosure are described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
With reference now to the Figures and in particular with reference to
In some embodiments, server 140 and server 150 connect to network 130 along with data store 160. Server 140 and server 150 may be, for example, IBM System p® servers. In addition, clients 110 and 120 connect to network 130. Clients 110 and 120 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers. In the depicted example, server 140 provides data and/or services such as, but not limited to, data files, operating system images, and applications to clients 110 and 120. Network data processing system 100 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices.
In the depicted example, network data processing system 100 is the Internet with network 130 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, network data processing system 100 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN).
Processor unit 204 serves to execute instructions for software that may be loaded into memory 206. Processor unit 204 may be a set of one or more processors or may be a multi-processor core, depending on the particular implementation. Further, processor unit 204 may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which a main processor is present with secondary processors on a single chip. As another illustrative example, processor unit 204 may be a symmetric multi-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type.
In some embodiments, memory 206 may be a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device. Persistent storage 208 may take various forms depending on the particular implementation. For example, persistent storage 208 may contain one or more components or devices. Persistent storage 208 may be a hard drive, a flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above. The media used by persistent storage 208 also may be removable such as, but not limited to, a removable hard drive.
Communications unit 210 provides for communications with other data processing systems or devices. In these examples, communications unit 210 is a network interface card. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network interface adapters. Communications unit 210 may provide communications through the use of either or both physical and wireless communications links.
Input/output unit 212 enables input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to data processing system 200. In some embodiments, input/output unit 212 may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard and mouse. Further, input/output unit 212 may send output to a printer. Display 214 provides a mechanism to display information to a user.
Instructions for the operating system and applications or programs are located on persistent storage 208. These instructions may be loaded into memory 206 for execution by processor unit 204. The processes of the different embodiments may be performed by processor unit 204 using computer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such as memory 206. These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code that may be read and executed by a processor in processor unit 204. The program code in the different embodiments may be embodied on different physical or tangible computer readable media, such as memory 206 or persistent storage 208.
Program code 216 is located in a functional form on computer readable media 218 that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto or transferred to data processing system 200 for execution by processor unit 204. Program code 216 and computer readable media 218 form computer program product 220 in these examples. In one example, computer readable media 218 may be in a tangible form, such as, for example, an optical or magnetic disc that is inserted or placed into a drive or other device that is part of persistent storage 208 for transfer onto a storage device, such as a hard drive that is part of persistent storage 208. In a tangible form, computer readable media 218 also may take the form of a persistent storage, such as a hard drive, a thumb drive, or a flash memory that is connected to data processing system 200. The tangible form of computer readable media 218 is also referred to as computer recordable storage media. In some instances, computer readable media 218 may not be removable.
Alternatively, program code 216 may be transferred to data processing system 200 from computer readable media 218 through a communications link to communications unit 210 and/or through a connection to input/output unit 212. The communications link and/or the connection may be physical or wireless in the illustrative examples.
The different components illustrated for data processing system 200 are not meant to provide architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrative embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system including components in addition to or in place of those illustrated for data processing system 200. Other components shown in
In the embodiment illustrated in
One way of enabling Internet protocol-based communication among LPARs within the same computer system is by software-based, virtual adapters 346 (e.g., virtual Ethernet adapters) provided by hypervisor 342. Virtual adapters are provided for LPARs 3101, 3102 and 3103 (referred to as VEA1 3461, VEA2 3462 and VEA3 3463, respectively, in
In some embodiments, some LPARs 310 may have different data receiving properties depending on the operating system running on the particular LPAR 310, thereby resulting in a heterogeneous virtual machine environment. For example, OS 330 may have a maximum receive unit (MRU) of 64 KB (e.g., when software-based large receive offload (LRO) is enabled), while OS 332 may not support software-based LRO (e.g., having a MRU of 9 KB). LRO is a technique for increasing inbound throughput of network connections by aggregating multiple incoming packets into a buffer before passing the data onward. OS 334 may also have a different MRU. Typically, to accommodate different MRUs between different LPARs, a lowest common MRU may be used to communicate data from adapter 350 to LPARS 310. Embodiments of the present disclosure enable a LPAR's bandwidth to be better/fully utilized by custom-fitting the data packet sizes according to the LPAR 310 capabilities.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In some embodiments, LRO may be disabled in physical adapter 338 (e.g., by a user/administrator or by logic 360/362) to prevent LRO data processing in connection with LPARs not supporting LRO. To connect a particular LPAR 310 to adapter 350, an address resolution protocol (ARP) exchange is implemented/performed between adapter 350 and a respective virtual adapter 346 for the respective LPAR 310 to determine/assign a particular media access control (MAC) address to the respective virtual adapter 346 internet protocol (IP) address. In some embodiments, an extra flag/field is included in the ARP response packet from the respective virtual adapter 346 indicating the MRU for the respective LPAR 310. During the ARP message exchange, adapter 350 is configured to parse the ARP response packet(s) and read the designated MRU flag/field to identify the MRU for the respective LPAR 310 (e.g., via logic 360). However, it should be understood that other methods may be used to identify the MRU for a particular LPAR 310 (e.g., based on an identification of the operating system running in the particular LPAR 310, data stored by hypervisor 342 upon LPAR 310 provisioning, etc.). Logic 360 of adapter 350 my then store the MRU for each respective LPAR 310 as MRU data 370 (e.g., as a relational database or otherwise). For example, in the illustrated embodiment, MRU data 370 includes a destination MAC address (DMAC) 372 for each respective LPAR 310 (e.g., DMAC1 for LPAR 3101, DMAC2 for LPAR 3102, etc.). MRU data 370 also includes the MRU 374 for each respective LPAR 310 (e.g., MRU1 for LPAR 3101, MRU2 for LPAR 3102, etc.).
In response to adapter 350 receiving incoming data packets, adapter 350 parses the incoming data packets to determine a destination address (DMAC) for the respective data packets. In response to adapter 350 identifying the destination address(es) for the incoming data packets as corresponding to a particular LPAR 310 connected to adapter 350, adapter 350 accesses MRU data 370 (e.g., via logic 360) to identify/determine a MRU for the respective destination LPAR 310. Adapter 350 then performs LRO processing of the data packets by aggregating the data packets destined for a particular LPAR 310 up to the MRU for the respective destination LPAR 310 via LRO logic 360 and forwards the data packets to the destination LPAR 310 using TSO using the identified MRU as the transmission unit in the transfer operation.
At block 412, shared virtual adapter 350 receives incoming data packets (e.g., from network 348). At block 414, shared virtual adapter 350 parses the incoming data packets to identify a destination address for the communications. At decisional block 418, a determination is made by shared virtual adapter 350 (e.g., via MRU logic 362) whether the identified destination address for the incoming data packets corresponds to an LPAR 310 connected to shared virtual adapter 350. For example, MRU logic 362 may be configured to compare the destination address parsed from the incoming data packets with information stored as MRU data 370 to determine whether MRU data 370 reflects a corresponding/matching MAC address. If not, the method proceeds to block 424, where the incoming data packets may be forwarded/transmitted the indicated destination using TSO or other applicable protocol. If it is determined at decisional block 418 that the destination address parsed from the incoming data packets matches a MAC address stored as MRU data 370, the method proceeds to block 420, where MRU logic 362 acquires and/or otherwise identifies the MRU for the LPAR 310 with the matching MAC address. At block 422, LRO logic 360 of shared virtual adapter 350 performs LRO aggregation and buffering of the incoming data packets up to the identified MRU for the destination LPAR 310. The method then proceeds to block 424, where the aggregated data packets are forwarded to the destination LPAR 310 using TSO and using the identified MRU for the destination LPAR 310 as the transmission unit.
Thus, embodiments of the present disclosure enable better utilization of virtual machine bandwidth capabilities by tailoring the packet sizes destined to MAC addresses of the virtual machines to meet the capacity of the respective virtual machines. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure utilize a shared virtual adapter to custom-fit the packet sizes communicated to a respective virtual machine based on the MRU of the respective virtual machine. The shared virtual adapter is configured to perform LRO processing of the incoming data packets based on the MRU for the virtual machine destination. The aggregated data packets may then be communicated to the virtual machine destination (e.g., using TSO processing) using the MRU for the respective virtual machine as the transmission unit.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13706213 | Dec 2012 | US |
Child | 13775203 | US |