Patent Application
20240121827
This application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a data retransmission method, a network allocation vector (NAV) value control method, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
With the development of wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, the IEEE 802.11 working group has started research and development of a next-generation wireless communication technology (Wi-Fi) standard. The next-generation Wi-Fi standard is briefly referred to as extremely high throughput (EHT), with a project code IEEE 802.11be, and aims to further increase a system capacity (for example, increase the system capacity to 30 Gbps), to meet requirements of emerging traffic services such as augmented reality (AR) services and ultra-high definition video services.
In the next-generation Wi-Fi standard, because a higher modulation order is used at the physical layer, a transmission rate at the physical layer may be substantially higher. Low protocol efficiency of the existing medium access control (MAC) layer becomes an important factor that limits the expansion of system throughput. To effectively improve protocol efficiency of the MAC layer, in the next-generation Wi-Fi standard, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARM) technology is planned to be incorporated into the standard as a reliable transmission solution, to improve system transmission efficiency by reducing the quantity of times an incorrect data frame is transmitted.
To resolve the foregoing disadvantages and further improve the data throughput of wireless communication systems, this application provides a new data retransmission method, a network allocation vector (NAV) value control method, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
According to some embodiments of this application, this application discloses a data retransmission method for a first electronic device, including:
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the transmission opportunity duration is adjacent to the retransmission period.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the transmission opportunity duration ends when the first electronic device completes receiving the first acknowledgement information from the second electronic device, and the retransmission period starts when the first electronic device receives the first acknowledgement information from the second electronic device.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the information related to the at least a part of the data includes at least the at least a part of the data or a redundancy version of the at least a part of the data.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the retransmitting information related to the at least a part of the data to the second electronic device in the retransmission period includes: sending the information related to the at least a part of the data to the second electronic device following a start moment of the retransmission period and after at least one interframe space.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the retransmission period includes:
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the first acknowledgement information is included in a first block acknowledgement (BA) frame that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the retransmission period is included in a duration field of the first block acknowledgement frame.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the first block acknowledgement frame includes indication information used to specify the at least a part of the data, or indication information used to specify the redundancy version (RV) of the at least a part of the data.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the indication information includes an index pointing to the at least a part of the data or the redundancy version.
Compared with the conventional technology, in the foregoing data retransmission method for a first electronic device, a dynamic retransmission period is added immediately following the TXOP duration. This not only omits time that needs to be occupied by re-contending for a channel to obtain an opportunity to retransmit data, but also accurately notifies in advance another station in the communication system of time to be occupied by retransmitting the data, so that the other station can remain silent and does not interfere with the work of the AP. In addition, fast and accurate data transmission reduces data buffering pressure of each station.
According to some embodiments of this application, this application discloses a data retransmission method for a second electronic device, including:
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the transmission opportunity duration is adjacent to the retransmission period.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the transmission opportunity duration ends when the first electronic device receives the first acknowledgement information from the second electronic device, and the retransmission period starts when the first electronic device receives the first acknowledgement information from the second electronic device.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the receiving, in the retransmission period, information that is related to the at least a part of the data and that is from the first electronic device includes: receiving, following a start moment of the retransmission period and after at least one interframe space, the information that is related to the at least a part of the data and that is from the first electronic device.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the information related to the at least a part of the data includes at least the at least a part of the data or a redundancy version of the at least a part of the data.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the retransmission period includes:
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the first acknowledgement information is included in a first block acknowledgement (BA) frame that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the retransmission period is included in a duration field of the first block acknowledgement frame.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the first block acknowledgement frame includes indication information used to specify the at least a part of the data, or indication information used to specify the redundancy version (RV) of the at least a part of the data.
In the foregoing data retransmission method, the indication information includes an index pointing to the at least a part of the data or the redundancy version.
Compared with the conventional technology, in the foregoing data retransmission method for a second electronic device, in addition to performing operations such as decoding and checking the received data frame, the second electronic device further calculates the duration (the retransmission period) required to retransmit the part of data that needs to be retransmitted, and writes the duration into the duration field of the acknowledgement frame. Because all other stations in a same communication system can read the duration field of the acknowledgement frame, addition of the retransmission period into the acknowledgement frame serves as a notification, that is, notifying the other stations that data transmission between the first electronic device and the second electronic device is to continue and a duration thereof is the retransmission period. Therefore, the TXOP duration between the first electronic device and the second electronic device is substantially prolonged.
According to some embodiments of this application, this application discloses a network allocation vector (NAV) value control method for a third electronic device, including:
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the first acknowledgement information is included in a first block acknowledgement (BA) frame that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard, and the retransmission period is included in a duration field of the first block acknowledgement frame.
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the retransmission period includes:
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the first period includes a period required, after RTS transmission, for the first electronic device to complete the sending of the data frame to the second electronic device and for the second electronic device to complete the sending of the first acknowledgement information to the first electronic device.
Compared with the conventional technology, in the foregoing network allocation vector (NAV) value control method for a third electronic device, the third electronic device listens to the RTS frame sent by the first electronic device and the acknowledgement frame sent by the second electronic device, and reads duration fields of the RTS frame and the acknowledgement frame, to adjust the NAV value of the third electronic device. The NAV value may be used to manage a silent period of the third electronic device, so that the third electronic device continues to remain silent in the foregoing retransmission period.
According to some embodiments of this application, this application further discloses a network allocation vector (NAV) value control method for a fourth electronic device, including:
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the first acknowledgement information is included in a first block acknowledgement (BA) frame that complies with the IEEE 802.11 standard, and the retransmission period is included in a duration field of the first block acknowledgement frame.
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the retransmission period includes:
In the foregoing NAV value control method, the second period includes a period required, after CTS transmission, for the first electronic device to complete the sending of the data frame to the second electronic device and for the second electronic device to complete the sending of the first acknowledgement information to the first electronic device.
Compared with the conventional technology, in the foregoing network allocation vector (NAV) value control method for a fourth electronic device, the fourth electronic device listens to the CTS frame and the acknowledgement frame that are sent by the second electronic device, and reads duration fields of the CTS frame and the acknowledgement frame, to adjust the NAV value of the fourth electronic device. The NAV value may be used to manage a silent period of the fourth electronic device, so that the fourth electronic device continues to remain silent in the foregoing retransmission period.
According to some embodiments, this application further discloses an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory is configured to store instructions executed by one or more processors, and the processor is one of the processors of the electronic device, and is configured to perform one or more of the foregoing methods.
According to some embodiments, this application further discloses a computer-readable storage medium, where the storage medium is configured to store computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed, one or more of the foregoing methods are implemented.
In conclusion, compared with the conventional technology, the technical solutions provided in this application can greatly improve a data throughput of a wireless communication system.
The following describes implementations of this application by using specific embodiments. A person skilled in the art may easily learn of other advantages and effects of this application based on content disclosed in this specification. Although the descriptions of this application are presented in conjunction with certain embodiments, this does not mean that features of the present invention are limited only to the implementations. On the contrary, a purpose of describing the present invention in conjunction with the implementations is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. To provide a comprehensive understanding of this application, the following descriptions include a plurality of specific details. This application may be alternatively implemented without using these details. In addition, to avoid confusing or blurring the focus of this application, some specific details are omitted from the descriptions. It should be noted that embodiments of this application and features in the embodiments may be mutually combined if they do not conflict with each other.
In addition, various operations are described as a plurality of discrete operations in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the illustrative embodiments. However, the described sequence should not be construed as implying that these operations need to depend on the sequence. Particularly, these operations do not need to be performed in a presented sequence. It should be noted that, in this specification, similar symbols and letters in the following accompanying drawings represent similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one accompanying drawing, the item does not need to be further defined or explained in the following accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that although terms such as “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features, these features should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used for distinction, and should not be understood as an indication or implication of relative importance. For example, without departing from the scope of the example embodiments, a first feature may be referred to as a second feature, and similarly, the second feature may be referred to as the first feature.
In addition, the terms “contain”, “have”, and “include” are synonyms unless otherwise specified in the context. The phrase “A/B” indicates “A or B”. The phrase “A and/or B” indicates “(A), (B), or (A and B)”.
As used herein, the terms “module”, “unit”, and “apparatus” herein may be or include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (for example, a shared processor, a dedicated processor, or a group processor) that executes one or more software or firmware programs and/or a memory (for example, a shared memory, a dedicated memory, or a group memory), a combined logic circuit, and/or another suitable component that provides the described functions; or may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (for example, a shared processor, a dedicated processor, or a group processor) that executes one or more software or firmware programs and/or a memory (for example, a shared memory, a dedicated memory, or a group memory), a combined logic circuit, and/or another appropriate component that provides the described functions.
It should be further stated that, in this application, the method and the procedure are numbered for ease of reference, instead of limiting a sequence. If there is a sequence between steps, refer to the textual description.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following further describes the implementations of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the wireless communication system 100 shown in
The first electronic device STA1, the third electronic device STA3, and the fourth electronic device STA4 need to preempt, by using a contention mechanism, a channel for communicating with the AP (the second electronic device STA2). When the first electronic device STA1 occupies the channel, the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 suspend channel contention (that is, remain silent). When the first electronic device STA1 occupies the channel to communicate with the second electronic device STA2, the third electronic device STA3 directly obtains, from information sent by the first electronic device STA1, information about time in which the first electronic device STA1 is to occupy the channel, to correct a network allocation vector (NAV) value of the third electronic device STA3 (the third electronic device STA3), to avoid sending information to the second electronic device STA2 during communication between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2. Generally, the NAV value may be set to control the silent time of a station that does not preempt the channel, for example, indicate the third electronic device STA3 that does not preempt the channel to remain silent during communication between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2. The fourth electronic device STA4 may obtain, from information sent by the second electronic device STA2, the information about the time in which the first electronic device STA1 is to occupy the channel, that is, as a hidden station, the fourth electronic device STA4 can indirectly obtain the information about the time in which the first electronic device STA1 is to occupy the channel. The fourth electronic device STA4 may also modify an NAV value of the fourth electronic device STA4 by using the time information, to avoid sending information to the second electronic device STA2 during communication between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2.
In
According to the foregoing communication protocol, stations that do not preempt the channel suspend application for a use right of the channel in respective silent periods, to reduce interference on the AP (namely, the second electronic device STA2), thereby improving efficiency of communication between the AP and each electronic device.
In the solution shown in
Specifically, after the transmit end obtains a channel between the transmit end and the receive end through contention, a time sequence of receiving and sending a data frame within a duration of one TXOP is as follows: First, the transmit end sends a control frame request to send (RTS). After receiving the RTS frame, if the receive end is ready to receive data, the receive end sends a control frame clear to send (CTS) serving as an acknowledgement. After receiving the CTS frame, the transmit end may send a packaged data packet (or may be referred to as a data frame). After receiving the data frame, the receive end replies with an acknowledgement frame to indicate whether the data frame is received and/or whether the received data frame is incorrect. Specifically, at the MAC layer, the packed data packet is a MAC layer protocol data unit (MPDU). In a more recent IEEE 802.11 protocol, the data packet may also be an aggregate MPDU (A-MPDU). The A-MPDU may include at least one MPDU. Because the MPDU may include a plurality of service data frames, it is equivalent to one A-MPDU includes a plurality of service data frames. To identify an end of the A-MPDU, a tail of the A-MPDU further includes a block acknowledgement request (BAR). After receiving the BAR, the receive end replies with a block acknowledgement (BA) frame. If the BA frame indicates that the data is correctly received, the current data transmission ends. If the BA frame indicates that the data is incorrectly received, a part of the incorrect data needs to be retransmitted.
In the foregoing time sequence, a duration of one TXOP is fixed and can be explicitly calculated. Transmission moments of the RTS frame, the CTS frame, the A-MPDU frame (data frame), and the BA frame shown in
In the retransmission mechanism shown in
Based on the time sequence shown in
First, in a process of establishing a communication connection between the transmit end and the receive end, the following is agreed on or is specified based on another management frame: A duration of one TXOP includes a duration T1 used for transmitting a data frame and a duration T2 used for retransmitting data, where the duration T1 may be calculated based on a size of the data frame, and the duration T2 is a specified value that is not changed in a transmission process. Preferably, a data frame (for example, one A-MPDU) sent by the transmit end may be segmented into N HARQ units, and sequence numbers are assigned to the N HARQ units, so that a HARQ unit with a specified sequence number is retransmitted in a retransmission process.
After receiving the data frame including the N HARQ units, the receive end performs processing such as decoding and error correction on the data frame. If one HARQ unit still cannot be correctly decoded after error correction processing, the information is recorded in a corresponding field of an acknowledgement frame, to indicate that the HARQ unit needs to be retransmitted. After an SIFS, the receive end feeds back an acknowledgement frame (BA frame) to the transmit end, where the acknowledgement frame includes indication information of a HARQ unit that needs to be retransmitted.
The transmit end generates a retransmission data frame based on sequence number information of the HARQ unit specified in the acknowledgement frame. For example, if the acknowledgement frame indicates n incorrect HARQ units, the transmit end generates a retransmission data frame including the n incorrect HARQ units, and sends the retransmission data frame after one SIFS.
After receiving the retransmission data frame, the receive end performs processing such as decoding and error correction again. If the data is correctly received, the receive end feeds back an acknowledgement frame to the transmit end, where the acknowledgement frame includes indication information indicating that the data is correctly received. If the data is still not correctly received, the receive end may feed back an acknowledgement frame to the transmit end, where the acknowledgement frame includes indication information of a HARQ unit that needs to be retransmitted again. However, total time occupied by retransmitting the data frame should not exceed the duration T2. If the currently transmitted data frame is not correctly received after the time occupied by retransmitting the data exceeds the duration T2, the current data transmission needs to be exited, and the transmit end re-contends for the channel to continue to complete data transmission.
In addition, a person skilled in the art may understand that a maximum value of the TXOP duration (that is, T1+T2) is restricted by the foregoing limit value of the TXOP duration.
In the retransmission mechanism shown in
In addition, a person skilled in the art may understand that a maximum value of the TXOP duration is also restricted by the foregoing limit value of the TXOP duration.
The process of dynamically prolonging the TXOP duration is as follows:
First, to obtain an opportunity (TXOP) of transmitting data to the AP (the second electronic device STA2), the first electronic device STA1 needs to first contend for a channel against the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4. Specifically, the first electronic device STA1 performs clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel has been idle. When determining that duration in which the channel is idle reaches an arbitration interframe space (AIFS), the first electronic device STA1 performs a backoff process, that is, the local NAV value starts to decrease with time until the NAV value decreases to 0.
Immediately after the backoff process (that is, the local NAV value decreases to 0), the first electronic device STA1 enters the TXOP duration in which the first electronic device STA1 transmits data. The first electronic device STA1 first sends an RTS frame to the second electronic device STA2, to provide a prompt that the first electronic device STA1 is ready to start to send data. A duration field (DR field) field of the RTS frame indicates a duration (a first period) required to complete the current data transmission after sending of the RTS frame is completed. It can be learned from
After receiving the RTS frame sent by the first electronic device STA1, the second electronic device STA2 sends a CTS frame after one SIFS, to provide the following prompt: The first electronic device STA1 may start data transmission, and the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 need to remain silent. ADR field of the CTS frame indicates a duration (a second period) required to complete the current data transmission after sending of the CTS frame is completed. It can be learned from
After receiving the CTS frame, the first electronic device STA1 starts to send a data frame (A-MPDU) after one SIFS. The data frame includes a plurality of data segments, and each data segment, as a basic form of retransmission data, has an identifier (for example, a sequence number). In a retransmission process, the sequence number is used to determine a specific part, of the data frame, to which data that needs to be retransmitted belongs. For example, in this embodiment, when the data frame is an A-MPDU, one data segment may be one MPDU, or may be a plurality of MPDUs, or even may be less than one MPDU (for example, a half MPDU). How to segment the data frame does not fall within the scope of discussion of this application. Every MPDU/every plurality of MPDUs/every half MPDU may be uniquely indicated based on a sequence number thereof in the data frame.
After receiving the data frame, the second electronic device STA2 performs decoding and error correction on the data frame. For a data segment whose error cannot be corrected, the second electronic device STA2 indicates, by using a corresponding location in a block acknowledgement bitmap (which is not shown in
In addition, the second electronic device STA2 further calculates a duration (namely, a retransmission period) required to transmit information related to the fifth data segment. Specifically, a length of the data segment is agreed on in advance. A time required to transmit the data segment may be calculated based on a network speed. More simply, when one data segment is one MPDU, the time to be occupied by the data segment that needs to be retransmitted may be calculated only by accumulating content of a DR field of an MPDU that is not correctly received. According to some embodiments of this application, the retransmission period may include the time required to transmit a retransmission data frame (namely, a correct version of an incorrect data segment) between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2, a period required to transmit an acknowledgement frame (BA2) between the second electronic device STA2 and the first electronic device STA1 to determine whether the second electronic device STA2 correctly receives the retransmission data frame, and at least two interframe spaces (SIFS). A person skilled in the art should understand that the retransmission period may further include other times related to completing transmission of the retransmission data frame, for example, a control frame required to transmit a retransmission data segment. The second electronic device STA2 stores the retransmission period in a duration field of the acknowledgement frame (BA1).
After one SIFS, the second electronic device STA2 sends, to the first electronic device STA1, the acknowledgement frame BA1 including retransmission indication information. The retransmission indication information is used to at least indicate that at least a part of the data (namely, the data segment that needs to be retransmitted) in the data frame needs to be retransmitted (for example, several data segments are specified by using the block acknowledgement bitmap) and indicate a retransmission period. The third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 may read the BA1 and extract the retransmission period from the BA1, to adjust respective local NAV values. The third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 each receive the BA1 before the local NAV value reaches 0 (that is, within the TXOP duration) and adjust the local NAV value again based on the retransmission period in the BA1. Therefore, the third electronic device STA1 and the fourth electronic device STA4 remain silent in the subsequent retransmission period. In this way, the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 may continue to occupy the channel in the subsequent retransmission period to transmit the retransmission data frame. In other words, based on the mechanism, the TXOP duration is substantially dynamically prolonged. A reason is that the prolonged period (namely, the retransmission period) is dynamically determined based on the data segment that needs to be retransmitted.
After receiving the acknowledgement frame BA1, the first electronic device STA1 extracts, based on the retransmission indication information (specifically, the retransmission indication information is stored in the block acknowledgement bitmap) in the acknowledgement frame BA1, data segments that need to be retransmitted and that is in the foregoing sent data frame A-MPDU1, and recombines correct versions of the data segments (that is, data segments that are not correctly received in the data frame A-MPDU1 transmitted within the TXOP duration and that need to be retransmitted) that need to be retransmitted into a data frame (a retransmission A-MPDU). After one SIFS, the first electronic device STA1 sends the data frame (the retransmission A-MPDU) to the second electronic device STA2. Because the embodiment shown in
After receiving the data frame (the retransmission A-MPDU), the second electronic device STA2 performs decoding and error correction again, and determines whether the data frame (the retransmission A-MPDU) still includes a data segment that needs to be retransmitted again. If further retransmission is not required, current data transmission is completed, and the channel may be released. If further retransmission is required, the second retransmission period needs to be calculated and stored in a DR field of the acknowledgement frame BA2, and information related to the data segment that needs to be retransmitted is indicated in a block acknowledgement bitmap field of the BA2, for example, an identifier of the data segment that needs to be retransmitted. The third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 adjust respective NAV values again based on the second retransmission period.
In this embodiment, the time occupied in the entire process of transmitting data between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 is a sum of the TXOP duration and the retransmission period. In addition, there is no waiting time between data transmission and data retransmission. After receiving the acknowledgement frame including the retransmission indication, the first electronic device STA1 generates the retransmission data frame based on a sequence number of a data segment specified in the retransmission indication, and retransmits the data after one SIFS. This is equivalent to prolonging the original TXOP duration, and substantially dynamically prolongs the TXOP duration. Dynamically prolonging the TXOP duration helps enhance time management, improve time utilization, and alocate more time for data transmission.
In this embodiment, because a plurality of MPDUs are aggregated into one A-MPDU, interframe spaces between the plurality of MPDUs are omitted in a data transmission process. Therefore, the data throughput per unit time is improved. In addition, because the retransmission period is dynamically added immediately following the TXOP duration, the original data frame and the retransmission data frame are continuously sent. This avoids one channel contention process, shortens the time span for correctly receiving one data frame, and correspondingly reduces data buffering pressure of the data receive end and the data transmit end. In addition, the retransmission period in this embodiment is obtained through calculation based on a data amount of the data segment that needs to be retransmitted. This resolves a disadvantage in the conventional technology that preset retransmission time is not long enough or is excessively long.
For the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4, because the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 can obtain the value of the retransmission period in the BA1 within the TXOP duration, the third electronic device STA3 and the fourth electronic device STA4 can continue to remain silent in the retransmission period of the first electronic device STA1, and cause no interference on the second electronic device STA2. This also improves the efficiency of communication between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 from another perspective.
In addition, a person skilled in the art may understand that a maximum value of the sum of the TXOP duration and the retransmission period is further restricted by the foregoing limit value of the TXOP duration.
For example, in this embodiment, a data frame (A-MPDU) includes a plurality of data segments (for example, MPDUs). When sending the data frame, the transmit end buffers several redundancy versions (RV) corresponding to one data segment (for example, one MPDU) at the physical layer. Based on different framing manners of the physical layer and the MAC layer, the MPDU and the redundancy version (RV) appear different, but carry the same information (data). An example is provided in which four RV are used. Each RV has an index, that is, an RV0, an RV1, an RV2, and an RV3. It may also be understood that each RV has a number, to indicate, in the acknowledgement frame, which RV needs to be retransmitted. The RV0 may be complete data corresponding to the MPDU, and the RV1 to the RV3 may be error-correcting code sequences used to perform error correction on the RV0. That is, if an MPDU received for the first time at the MAC layer is correct, it indicates that the RV0 at the physical layer is correctly received, and a retransmission process is not required. However, if it is determined that the MPDU received at the MAC layer is incorrect (including that an error cannot be corrected through cyclic redundancy check), it indicates that the RV0 at the physical layer is not correctly received, and the first electronic device STA1 needs to transmit an RV in the retransmission period. The second electronic device STA2 determines, based on a damage status of the MPDU, which RV needs to be transmitted, and indicates the RV in the acknowledgement frame. The second electronic device STA2 may specify, in the block acknowledgement bitmap field of the acknowledgement frame, the RV that needs to be transmitted during retransmission. For example, when four RV are provided, every two bits in the block acknowledgement bitmap indicate an RV of one MPDU (that is, the first group of two bits indicates the first MPDU in the A-MPDU, the second group of two bits indicates the second MPDU, . . . ). A bit combination “00” indicates that the RV0 needs to be transmitted in the retransmission period, “01” indicates that the RV1 needs to be transmitted in the retransmission period, “10” indicates that the RV2 needs to be transmitted in the retransmission period, and “11” indicates that the RV3 needs to be transmitted in the retransmission period.
In addition, the second electronic device STA2 further needs to calculate the retransmission period based on the determined RV. Specifically, the retransmission period includes: a time that is calculated based on a network speed and a length of the RV that needs to be occupied to retransmit data, a duration of one acknowledgement frame, and two interframe spaces. The second electronic device STA2 stores the retransmission period in a duration field of the acknowledgement frame.
In addition, a person skilled in the art may understand that a maximum value of the TXOP duration is still restricted by the foregoing limit value of the TXOP duration.
This embodiment has the advantages in the embodiment shown in
A structure of the BA frame provided in this embodiment includes: a frame control field, a duration field (DR Field), a receive address field (RA Field), a transmit address field (TA Field), a BA control field, a start sequence control field, a block acknowledgement bitmap field (BA Bitmap Field), and a frame check sequence (FCS).
The block acknowledgement bitmap field provides retransmission indication information. The retransmission indication information indicates the location of the data that needs to be retransmitted in a data frame. For example, the data frame is segmented into a plurality of data segments, a sequence number is assigned to each data segment, and a bit in a block acknowledgement bitmap also has sequence information, for example, the 1st bit, the 2nd bit, . . . , or the first group of bits, the second group of bits, . . . . The bits in the block acknowledgement bitmap are sequentially in a one-to-one correspondence with the sequence numbers of the data segments, and a state 0 or 1 of each bit/each group of bits is used to indicate whether a corresponding data segment is correctly received. If the corresponding data segment is not correctly received, it means that the data segment or information related to the data segment needs to be retransmitted. For example, in the embodiment shown in
The DR field is used to store the value of the retransmission period obtained by dynamically prolonging the TXOP duration. Based on a data amount of the data that needs to be retransmitted and that is indicated by the block acknowledgement bitmap and a parameter such as a network transmission speed, duration required to retransmit the data that needs to be retransmitted or the information related to the data that needs to be retransmitted may be calculated.
In this embodiment, the receive end calculates the retransmission period, and stores the retransmission period in the DR field of the acknowledgement frame. When the receive end sends the acknowledgement frame, if an electronic device in a signal coverage area of the receive end may read the retransmission duration, the electronic device may adjust an NAV value of the electronic device based on the retransmission duration, to maintain silent for a sufficiently long time, to avoid sending an interference message such as a management frame or a control frame to the receive end when the transmit end retransmits data.
The first electronic device STA1 performs S901, that is, first electronic device STA1 is ready to send data after successfully obtaining a channel through contention. An RTS frame is first sent, where the RTS frame is used to notify the second electronic device STA2 that a data frame from the first electronic device STA1 needs to be sent. In addition, a DR field included in the RTS frame indicates duration (a first period) required to complete the current data transmission after sending of the RTS frame is completed. The first period may be used to indicate a time in which the third electronic device STA3 remains silent. For a specific composition of the first period, refer to the descriptions related to
After receiving the RTS frame, the second electronic device STA2 performs S904, that is, sends a CTS frame to the first electronic device STA1, to notify the first electronic device STA1 that the first electronic device STA1 may send the data frame. In addition, a DR field included in the CTS frame indicates a duration (a second period) required to complete the current data transmission after sending of the CTS frame has been completed. The second period may be used to indicate a time in which the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent. For a specific composition of the first period, refer to the descriptions related to
After receiving the CTS frame, the first electronic device STA1 performs S902 to send the data frame (for example, the A-MPDU shown in
Then, the second electronic device STA2 performs S905, that is, receives and checks the received data frame, to determine a data segment or data segments in the data frame that is/are not correctly received, that is, determine which parts of the data need to be retransmitted. The second electronic device STA2 may calculate, based on a data amount of the determined parts of data that need to be retransmitted, a retransmission period that needs to be occupied to retransmit the data. For a specific calculation method of the retransmission period, refer to the descriptions related to
Then, the second electronic device STA2 performs S906, that is, generates an acknowledgement frame, and sends the acknowledgement frame. The second electronic device STA2 determines a value of a bit at a corresponding location in a block acknowledgement bitmap based on a sequence number of the data segment that is not correctly received (refer to the descriptions related to
After receiving the acknowledgement frame, the first electronic device STA1 performs S903, that is, generates information related to the retransmission data based on content in a block acknowledgement bitmap field in the acknowledgement frame, and sends the information to the second electronic device STA2. Specifically, in the CC mode shown in
After receiving the information related to the retransmission data, the second electronic device STA2 performs a check process in S907. If the check succeeds, the second electronic device STA2 may exit the current data transmission process. If the check fails, the foregoing process of S901 to S911 may be repeated to retransmit a part of data in the foregoing part of data again until the entire data frame is correctly received.
In this embodiment, an interaction relationship between several typical stations (an active station, an inactive station, and a hidden station) connected to one AP is mainly described. Mutual interference between a plurality of stations is resolved by processing the DR field by the first electronic device STA1 to the fourth electronic device STA4, to ensure that the active station is not interfered with by another station within the TXOP duration. In addition, the block acknowledgement bitmap is used to resolve a problem of how to specify information related to retransmission in different transmission modes.
First, corresponding to the two retransmission modes shown in
In step S101, the first electronic device STA1 first sends an RTS frame to a second electronic device STA2, to notify the second electronic device STA2 that the first electronic device STA1 is ready to start to transmit data. In addition, a DR field of the RTS frame includes a first period required to complete the current data transmission after sending the RTS frame ends. An end of the first period means that the TXOP duration ends, that is, the first time period used to transmit a data frame ends. Another function of sending the first period is to notify an inactive station (for example, a third electronic device STA3) in a same BSS of how long the channel will still be occupied by the current data transmission. In this period, the third electronic device STA3 should not send information to the AP (the second electronic device STA2). The third electronic device STA3 remains silent in the first period, to avoid any information loss caused because the AP responds to a plurality of STAs. A time in which the third electronic device STA3 remains silent is controlled by using a local NAV of the third electronic device STA3. For a specific process of controlling the NAV value, refer to the descriptions related to
In step S102, the first electronic device STA1 receives a CTS frame from the second electronic device STA2, where the CTS frame is a response of the second electronic device STA2 to the RTS frame, and receiving the CTS frame means that the second electronic device STA2 is ready to receive data. In addition, a DR field of the CTS frame includes a second period required to complete the current data transmission after sending the CTS frame ends. The second period is used to notify a hidden station (for example, a fourth electronic device STA4) in an adjacent BSS of how long the channel will still be occupied by the current data transmission. In this period, the fourth electronic device STA4 should not send information to the AP (the second electronic device STA2). Same as above, the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent in the second period, to avoid information loss caused because the AP responds to a plurality of STAs. For control of an NAV value of the fourth electronic device STA4, refer to the descriptions related to
In step S103, the first electronic device STA1 sends a data frame to the second electronic device STA2. If the data frame can be correctly received, the TXOP ends, and the TXOP duration does not need to be prolonged. Otherwise, a retransmission data frame needs to be generated based on retransmission indication information in an acknowledgement frame. The retransmission indication information is used to at least indicate that at least a part of the data in the data frame needs to be retransmitted.
In step S104, the first electronic device STA1 receives an acknowledgement frame from the second electronic device STA2, and then performs step S105. In step S105, the first electronic device STA1 determines, based on a block acknowledgement bitmap field in the acknowledgement frame, whether data needs to be retransmitted and which data needs to be retransmitted. For example, if a bit corresponding to a data segment in a block acknowledgement bitmap is 0 (CC mode) or 00 (IR mode), it indicates that the data segment is correctly received, and does not need to be retransmitted. If each data segment is correct, it indicates that the data frame is correctly received, and the first electronic device STA1 may exit the current data transmission and release the channel. If one bit is not 0, it indicates that a corresponding data segment is incorrectly received, and the first electronic device STA1 needs to retransmit the data segment (CC mode) or a redundancy version related to the data segment (IR mode).
When it is determined, based on the block acknowledgement bitmap, that data needs to be retransmitted, step S106 is performed, that is, the first electronic device STA1 further determines whether the DR field includes a retransmission period required for data retransmission. Whether the DR field includes the retransmission period means whether a value in the DR field is 0 or non-zero. If the value in the DR field is 0, it indicates that time required for retransmission is not obtained through contention, and the channel needs to be obtained through re-contention after the channel is released, that is, step S108 is performed. In step S108, after the channel is obtained through contention, data is retransmitted within new TXOP duration obtained through contention. The process is similar to the time sequence shown in
If the value in the DR field is not 0, step S107 is performed, that is, information related to the at least a part of the data is retransmitted in the retransmission period specified by the DR field. Specifically, based on whether the retransmission type is CC or IR, the data segment that needs to be retransmitted or the redundancy version specified by the block acknowledgement bitmap is retransmitted based on
Further, if the retransmission data frame further includes a part of the data that fails to be correctly received, an acknowledgement frame of the retransmission data frame may indicate that a part of data still needs to be retransmitted, so that S105 to S108 are performed again to correctly receive data.
In this embodiment, in a branch of S106 and S107, a process of re-contending for the channel is omitted between the retransmission period and the TXOP duration, and the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 do not need to exit the transmission process and then enter the transmission process, thereby actually prolonging the TXOP duration, and improving the data throughput of the system.
In step S111, the second electronic device STA2 receives an RTS frame 0 sent by a first electronic device STA1.
In step S112, when the second electronic device STA2 is idle, the second electronic device STA2 replies with a CTS frame, to indicate that the second electronic device STA2 can receive data. After a DR field of the CTS frame is obtained by a STA4 through listening, the STA4 adjusts an NAV value.
In step S113, the second electronic device STA2 receives a data frame sent by the first electronic device STA1, and decodes the data frame.
In step S114, the second electronic device STA2 determines the decoded data frame, and if the received data frame is correct, performs step S117 to send an acknowledgement frame indicating that the data frame is correctly received. A value in a DR field of the acknowledgement frame is 0, and a value in a bitmap field indicates that all data segments are correctly received. Then, the second electronic device STA2 may end the current data transmission.
If it has been determined that the received data frame is incorrect, the second electronic device STA2 performs S115. Specifically, which data segment is incorrect is first determined. As described above, to reduce an amount of retransmission data, one data frame is generally segmented into a plurality of data segments, for example, segmented into a plurality of HARQ units. In a retransmission process, the data segment is used as a basic form for retransmission. The second electronic device STA2 collects statistics about a data segment or data segments that needs/need to be retransmitted (for details, refer to the descriptions in
In the retransmission type of the CC type and the retransmission type of the IR type, definitions of the block acknowledgement bitmap are different. For details, refer to the descriptions in
Then, in step S116, the second electronic device STA2 waits for and receives a retransmission data frame generated by the first electronic device STA1 based on an indication of the acknowledgement frame, where the retransmission data frame includes a data segment that is not correctly received and that is indicated by the acknowledgement frame.
Subsequently, the second electronic device STA2 decodes and determines the retransmission data frame, that is, performs step S114. Steps S114 to S116 may be repeatedly performed (that is, data needs to be repeatedly retransmitted). When the TXOP limit value mentioned above is not exceeded, steps S114 to S116 may be repeatedly performed until S117 is performed, that is, until the data frame is correctly received.
In this embodiment, with reference to
In step S121, the third electronic device STA3 obtains, through listening, an RTS frame sent by the first electronic device STA1 to the second electronic device STA2, and then performs step S122 to read a DR field of the RTS. The DR field stores a time, namely, a first period, required to complete the current data transmission after sending of the RTS frame is completed.
In step S123, the third electronic device STA3 compares the first period with the local NAV value. If the first period is greater than the NAV value, it indicates that the time required for the current data transmission is long, and the third electronic device STA3 updates the NAV value to a value of the first period, so that the third electronic device STA3 remains silent for a sufficiently long time. If the first period is less than the NAV value, it indicates that the third electronic device STA3 originally needs to remain silent for a longer time (which may depend on another interaction process), and does not need to update the NAV value by using a value of the first period. In this embodiment, the NAV value is used to control a time in which the third electronic device STA3 remains silent. When the NAV value is not zero, the third electronic device STA3 remains silent, and should not send interference information such as a control frame or a data frame.
In step S124, the third electronic device STA3 decreases the NAV value, and determines whether a new NAV value is equal to 0. If the NAV value is equal to 0, it means that the third electronic device STA3 may perform clear channel assessment (CCA), to detect whether a channel is idle, that is, the third electronic device STA3 may start a channel contention.
If the NAV value is not 0, the third electronic device STA3 performs step S125, that is, continues to listen to a frame in a communication system. When there is no new frame, the third electronic device STA3 returns to perform step S124. When obtaining, through listening, an acknowledgement frame sent by the second electronic device STA2, the third electronic device STA3 performs step S126.
In step S126, the third electronic device STA3 reads a DR field of the acknowledgement frame, that is, reads a retransmission period.
Similar to step S123, in step S127, the third electronic device STA3 compares the retransmission period with the local NAV value, and selects a larger value as the NAV value, so that the third electronic device STA3 remains silent for a sufficiently long time. Then, the third electronic device STA3 returns to perform step S124.
Actually, in a period in which the third electronic device STA3 remains silent, the third electronic device STA3 listens to a frame (for example, a BA frame sent by the second electronic device STA2) in the BSS, to adjust some local parameters (for example, the NAV) in a timely manner. In addition, the third electronic device STA3 periodically decreases the NAV value and determines whether the NAV value is 0, to restore in a timely manner from a silent state to a state in which the third electronic device STA3 can participate in channel contention. Compared with the conventional technology, the third electronic device STA3 can obtain the retransmission period in a timely manner in a period in which the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 dynamically prolong the TXOP, to correspondingly adjust the NAV value, so that the third electronic device STA3 can remain silent after the TXOP of the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 is prolonged. This ensures that no interference is caused to the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 during data transmission between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2.
In step S131, the fourth electronic device STA4 obtains, through listening, a CTS frame sent by the second electronic device STA2 to the first electronic device STA1, and then performs step S132 to read a DR field of the CTS. The DR field stores a time, namely, a second period, required to complete the current data transmission after sending the CTS frame is completed.
In step S133, the fourth electronic device STA4 compares the second period with the local NAV value. If the second period is greater than the NAV value, it indicates that the time required for the current data transmission is long, and the fourth electronic device STA4 updates the NAV value to a value of the second period, so that the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent for a sufficiently long time. If the second period is less than the NAV value, it indicates that the fourth electronic device STA4 originally needs to remain silent for a longer time (which may depend on another interaction process), and does not need to update the NAV value by using a value of the second period. In this embodiment, the NAV value is used to control the time in which the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent. When the NAV value is not zero, the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent, and should not send interference information such as a control frame or a data frame.
In step S134, the fourth electronic device STA4 decreases the NAV value, and determines whether a new NAV value is equal to 0. If the NAV value is equal to 0, it means that the fourth electronic device STA4 may perform clear channel assessment (CCA), to detect whether a channel is idle, that is, the fourth electronic device STA4 may start a channel contention.
If the NAV value is not 0, the fourth electronic device STA3 performs step S135, that is, continues to listen to a frame sent by the second electronic device STA2. When there is no new frame, the fourth electronic device STA4 returns to perform step S134. When obtaining, through listening, an acknowledgement frame sent by the second electronic device STA2, the fourth electronic device STA4 performs step S136.
In step S136, the fourth electronic device STA4 reads a DR field of the acknowledgement frame, that is, reads a retransmission period.
Similar to step S133, in step S137, the fourth electronic device STA4 compares the retransmission period with the local NAV value, and selects a larger value as the NAV value, so that the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent for a sufficiently long time. Then, the fourth electronic device STA4 returns to perform step S134.
Similar to the third electronic device STA3, in a period in which the fourth electronic device STA4 remains silent, the fourth electronic device STA4 listens to a frame (for example, a BA frame sent by the second electronic device STA2) sent by the second electronic device STA2, to adjust some local parameters (for example, the NAV) in a timely manner. In addition, the fourth electronic device STA4 periodically decreases the NAV value and determines whether the NAV value is 0, to restore in a timely manner from a silent state to a state in which the fourth electronic device STA4 can participate in channel contention. Compared with the conventional technology, the fourth electronic device STA4 can obtain the retransmission period in a timely manner in a period in which the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 dynamically prolong the TXOP, to correspondingly adjust the NAV value, so that the fourth electronic device STA4 can remain silent after the TXOP of the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2 is prolonged. This ensures that no interference is caused to the second electronic device STA2 during data transmission between the first electronic device STA1 and the second electronic device STA2.
The electronic device may include a processor 1000, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) interface 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, an antenna 1, an antenna 2, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, a headset jack 170D, a sensor module 180, a button 190, a motor 191, an indicator 192, a camera 193, a display screen 194, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card interface 195, and the like. The sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor 180A, a gyroscope sensor 180B, a barometric pressure sensor 180C, a magnetic sensor 180D, an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, an optical proximity sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor 180J, a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, and the like.
It may be understood that the structure illustrated in this embodiment of this application constitutes no specific limitation on the electronic device. In some other embodiments of this application, the electronic device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine some components, or split some components, or have different component arrangements. The components shown in the figure may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.
The processor 1000 may include one or more processing units. For example, the processor 1000 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a micro control unit (MCU), an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, a neural-network processing unit (NPU), and/or the like.
The modem is configured to, according to the IEEE 802.11 protocol, modulate a baseband signal that needs to be transmitted into a modulated signal that can be transmitted by using an antenna, and demodulate a signal received by the antenna into a baseband signal that can be processed by a processor of the electronic device. Different processing units may be independent components, or may be integrated into one or more processors.
The processor may generate an operation control signal based on an instruction operation code and a time sequence signal, to complete control of instruction reading and instruction execution.
A memory may be further disposed in the processor 1000, and is configured to store instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the processor 1000 is a cache memory. The memory may store instructions or data that have or has been used or cyclically used by the processor 1000. If the processor 1000 needs to use the instructions or the data again, the processor may directly invoke the instructions or the data from the memory. This avoids repeated access, and reduces the waiting time of the processor 1000, thereby improving system efficiency.
In some embodiments, the processor 1000 may include one or more interfaces. The interface may include an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) interface, an inter-integrated circuit sound (I2S) interface, a pulse code modulation (PCM) interface, a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) interface, a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) interface, and a subscriber identity module (SIM) interface.
A wireless communication function of the electronic device may be implemented by using the antenna 1, the antenna 2, the mobile communication module 150, the wireless communication module 160, the modem processor, the baseband processor, and the like.
The antenna 1 and the antenna 2 are configured to transmit and receive an electromagnetic wave signal. Each antenna in the electronic device may be configured to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different antennas may be further multiplexed to improve antenna utilization. For example, the antenna 1 may be multiplexed as a diversity antenna of a wireless local area network. In some other embodiments, the antenna may be used in combination with a tuning switch.
The mobile communication module 150 may provide a solution to wireless communication such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G applied to the electronic device. The mobile communication module 150 may include at least one filter, a switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and the like. The mobile communication module 150 may receive an electromagnetic wave by using the antenna 1, perform processing such as filtering and amplification on the received electromagnetic wave, and transmit the electromagnetic wave to the modem processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 may further amplify a signal modulated by the modem processor, and convert the signal into an electromagnetic wave for radiation by using the antenna 1. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be disposed in the processor 1000. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 may be disposed in a same component as at least some modules of the processor 1000. As shown in
The modem processor may include a modulator and a demodulator. The modulator is configured to modulate a to-be-sent low-frequency baseband signal into an intermediate/high-frequency signal. The demodulator is configured to demodulate a received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. Then, the demodulator transmits the low-frequency baseband signal obtained through demodulation to the baseband processor for processing. The low-frequency baseband signal is processed by the baseband processor, and then transmitted to the application processor. The application processor outputs a sound signal by using an audio device (which is not limited to the speaker 170A or the receiver 170B), or displays an image or a video by using the display screen 194. In some embodiments, the modem processor may be an independent component. In some other embodiments, the modem processor may be independent of the processor 1000, and is disposed in a same component as the mobile communication module 150 or another functional module.
In some embodiments, the antenna 1 and the mobile communication module 150 of the electronic device are coupled, and the antenna 2 and the wireless communication module 160 are coupled, so that the electronic device can communicate with a network and another device by using a wireless communication technology. The wireless communication technology may include a global system for mobile communications (GSM), a general packet radio service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), time-division code division multiple access (TD-CDMA), long term evolution (LTE), BT, a GNSS, a WLAN, NFC, FM, an IR technology, and/or the like.
The external memory interface 120 may be configured to connect to an external memory card, for example, a micro SD card, to expand a storage capability of the electronic device. The external memory card communicates with the processor 1000 through the external memory interface 120, to implement a data storage function, for example, to store files such as music or a video into the external memory card. In this embodiment of this application, a cell search parameter table may be stored in the external memory card connected by using the external memory interface 120.
The internal memory 121 may be configured to store computer-executable program code. The executable program code includes instructions. The internal memory 121 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system, an application required by at least one function (for example, a sound playing function or an image playing function), and the like. The data storage area may store data (such as audio data and a phone book) and the like that are created during use of the electronic device. In addition, the internal memory 121 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may further include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or a universal flash storage (UFS). The processor 1000 runs the instructions stored in the internal memory 121 and/or the instructions stored in the memory disposed in the processor, to perform various function applications and data processing of the electronic device. In this embodiment of this application, the internal memory 121 may be configured to store the cell search parameter table, and the processor 1000 may be configured to perform the foregoing methods shown in
The SIM card interface 195 is configured to connect to a SIM card. The SIM card may be inserted into the SIM card interface 195 or removed from the SIM card interface 195, to be in contact with and separated from the electronic device. The electronic device may support one or N SIM card interfaces, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The SIM card interface 195 may support a nano-SIM card, a micro-SIM card, a SIM card, and the like. A plurality of cards may be inserted into a same SIM card interface 195. Types of the plurality of cards may be the same or different. The SIM card interface 195 may also be compatible with different types of SIM cards. The SIM card interface 195 may also be compatible with an external storage card. The electronic device interacts with a network by using the SIM card, to implement functions such as calling and data communication. In some embodiments, the electronic device uses an eSIM, namely, an embedded SIM card. The eSIM card may be embedded into the electronic device, and cannot be separated from the electronic device. In this embodiment of this application, information about a wireless communication network such as a PLMN may be stored in the SIM card.
All method implementations of this application may be implemented by software, a magnetic member, firmware, or the like.
Program code may be used to input instructions, to perform functions described in this specification and generate output information. The output information may be used in one or more output devices in a known manner. For the purposes of this application, a processing system includes any system having a processor such as a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a microprocessor. The program code may be implemented in a high-level programmatic language or an object-oriented programming language, to communicate with the processing system. When necessary, the program code may alternatively be implemented by using an assembly language or a machine language. Actually, the mechanism described in this specification is not limited to a scope of any particular programming language. In any case, the language may be a compiled language or an interpreted language.
One or more aspects of at least one embodiment may be implemented by using representative instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The instructions represent various logic in a processor, and when the instructions are read by a machine, the machine acts on the logic for performing the technologies described in this specification. These representations referred to as “IP cores” may be stored in a tangible computer-readable storage medium, and provided for a plurality of customers or production facilities for loading into a manufacturing machine that actually manufactures the logic or the processor.
In the accompanying drawings, some structure or method features may be shown in a particular arrangement and/or order. However, it should be understood that the particular arrangement and/or order may not be required. In some embodiments, these features may be arranged in a manner and/or order different from that shown in the illustrative accompanying drawings. In addition, inclusion of the structure or method features in a particular figure does not imply that the features are required in all embodiments, and in some embodiments, these features may not be included or may be combined with other features.
Various embodiments of the mechanisms disclosed in this application may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or a combination of these implementation methods. Embodiments of this application may be implemented as a computer program or program code executed on a programmable system. The programmable system includes a plurality of processors, a storage system (including volatile and non-volatile memories and/or a storage element), a plurality of input devices, and a plurality of output devices.
In some cases, the disclosed embodiments may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. In some cases, one or more aspects of at least some embodiments may be implemented by using representative instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
The computer-readable storage medium may include but is not limited to a non-transient tangible arrangement of an article manufactured or formed by a machine or a device, including a storage medium, for example, a hard disk and any other type of disk, including a floppy disk, a compact disc, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a compact disc rewritable (CD-RW), and a magneto-optical disc; a semiconductor device, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM) such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and a static random access memory (SRAM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM); a phase change memory (PCM); a magnetic card or an optical card; or any other type of medium suitable to store electronic instructions.
Therefore, various embodiments of this application further include a non-transient computer-readable storage medium. The medium includes instructions or design data, for example, a hardware description language (HDL) that defines a structure, a circuit, an apparatus, a processor, and/or a system feature described in this application.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202110667330.6 | Jun 2021 | CN | national |
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2022/086115, filed on Apr. 11, 2022, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202110667330.6, filed on Jun. 16, 2021. The disclosures of the aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2022/086115 | Apr 2022 | US |
| Child | 18540169 | US |
