BACKGROUND
Data storage devices such as disk drives comprise a disk and a head connected to a distal end of an actuator arm which is rotated about a pivot by a voice coil motor (VCM) to position the head radially over the disk. The disk comprises a plurality of radially spaced, concentric tracks for recording user data sectors and servo sectors. The servo sectors comprise head positioning information (e.g., a track address) which is read by the head and processed by a servo control system to control the actuator arm as it seeks from track to track.
FIG. 1 shows a prior art disk format 2 as comprising a number of servo tracks 4 defined by servo sectors 60-6N recorded around the circumference of each servo track. Each servo sector 6i comprises a preamble 8 for storing a periodic pattern, which allows proper gain adjustment and timing synchronization of the read signal, and a sync mark 10 for storing a special pattern used to symbol synchronize to a servo data field 12. The servo data field 12 stores coarse head positioning information, such as a servo track address, used to position the head over a target data track during a seek operation. Each servo sector 6i further comprises groups of servo bursts 14 (e.g., N and Q servo bursts), which are recorded with a predetermined phase relative to one another and relative to the servo track centerlines. The phase based servo bursts 14 provide fine head position information used for centerline tracking while accessing a data track during write/read operations. A position error signal (PES) is generated by reading the servo bursts 14, wherein the PES represents a measured position of the head relative to a centerline of a target servo track. A servo controller processes the PES to generate a control signal applied to a head actuator (e.g., a voice coil motor) in order to actuate the head radially over the disk in a direction that reduces the PES.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a prior art disk format comprising a plurality of servo tracks defined by servo sectors.
FIG. 2A shows a data storage device in the form of a disk drive according to an embodiment comprising a first head actuated over a first disk by a first VCM, and a second head actuated over a second disk by a second VCM, wherein the disks are rotated by a spindle motor configured to generate a back electromotive force (BEMF) voltage during a power failure.
FIG. 2B is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein during a power failure the VCMs are unloaded by alternately applying the BEMF voltage to each VCM during at least part of an unload operation, thereby balancing the VCM driving currents.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein while the BEMF voltage is applied to the first VCM, the second VCM is shorted.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein during at least part of the unload operation the BEMF voltage is applied to both VCMs.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein if the BEMF voltage falls below a threshold during the unload operation, the VCMs are disconnected from the BEMF voltage for an interval to allow the BEMF voltage to recover.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show a simulation of the VCM driving currents and the position/velocity of the first and second VCM during at least part of an unload operation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 2A shows a data storage device in the form of a disk drive according to an embodiment comprising a first voice coil motor (VCM) 161 comprising a first voice coil 181 configured to actuate a first head 201 over a first disk 221, and a second VCM 162 comprising a second voice coil 182 configured to actuate a second head 202 over a second disk 222. The disk drive further comprises a spindle motor 24 configured to rotate the first and second disk 221 and 222, wherein during a power failure the kinetic rotation of the first and second disks 221 and 222 causes the spindle motor to generate a back electromotive force (BEMF) voltage 26. Control circuitry 28 is configured to unload the first VCM and the second VCM during the power failure (block 30) by executing the flow diagram of FIG. 2B, wherein during a first interval the first voice coil is connected to the BEMF voltage and the second voice coil is disconnected from the BEMF voltage (block 32), and during a second interval different from the first interval the second voice coil is connected to the BEMF voltage and the first voice coil is disconnected from the BEMF voltage (block 34). The flow diagram of FIG. 2B is repeated at least once in order to alternately apply the BEMF voltage to the voice coils during the unload operation, wherein in one embodiment, alternately applying the BEMF voltage to the voice coils helps balance the VCM driving currents and may also prevent the BEMF voltage from collapsing, thereby improving the unload operation.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the first VCM 161 and the second VCM 162 rotate respective actuator arms about a common pivot in what may be referred to as a split actuator design. In another embodiment, the first VCM and the second VCM may be separated so as to rotate respective actuator arms about independent pivots. Also in the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the disk drive comprises four disks having respective heads actuated over top and bottom disk surfaces. Other embodiments may employ a different number of head/disk combinations, and still other embodiment may employ more than two VCMs for independent actuation of one or more heads.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, each voice coil 181 and 182 is driven by an H-bridge circuit comprising a plurality of switches (e.g., switches 36A, 36B, 36C and 36D). The switches are configured by the control circuitry 28 in order to rotate the VCM in one direction or the other, thereby actuating the respective heads toward the outer diameter of inner diameter of the disk. For example, when switches 36B and 36C are turned on and switches 36A and 36D are turned off, the VCM2 may be rotated so that the heads 2 move toward the outer diameter of the disk 222 toward a ramp (not shown). When a power failure occurs while the disks are spinning, the kinetic energy of the spinning disks can convert the spindle motor 24 into a power generator used to power the VCM H-bridge circuits using the BEMF voltage that builds across the windings of the spindle motor 24.
In one embodiment during respective intervals of the unload operation, one of the voice coils 181 and 182 is connected to the BEMF voltage 26 while the other voice coil is disconnected from the BEMF voltage 26 (by opening the top switches of the respective H-bridge circuit), thereby helping balance the VCM driving currents and preventing the BEMF voltage 26 from collapsing. In one embodiment shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 3, while the BEMF voltage 26 is applied to the first voice coil 181 during a first interval, the second voice coil 182 may be shorted, for example, by turning off the top switches and turning on the bottom switches of the H-bridge circuit (block 38). While the BEMF voltage 26 is applied to the second voice coil 182 during a second interval, the first coil 181 may be shorted for example, by turning off the top switches and turning on the bottom switches of the H-bridge circuit (block 40). In this embodiment, shorting the voice coil while disconnected from the BEMF voltage 26 may help maintain the current in the voice coil, thereby minimizing the transient effect in the VCM speed during the unload operation.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein after the BEMF voltage is applied to each voice coil individually during the first interval and second interval, respectively, the BEMF voltage is applied to both the first and second voice coil 181 and 182 during a third interval (block 42). This embodiment may further improve the VCM drive current balancing and also reduce the transient effect on the VCM speeds due to being periodically disconnected from the BEMF voltage. In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the BEMF voltage 26 may be applied to both of the voice coils 181 and 182 by turning on the appropriate switches in the respective H-bridge circuits during the third interval.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram according to an embodiment wherein the BEMF voltage may be monitored by the control circuitry, and if the BEMF voltage falls below a threshold after the third interval (block 44), the first and second voice coils may be disconnected from the BEMF voltage for a fourth interval to allow the BEMF voltage to recover (block 46). In one embodiment, both the voice coils may be shorted (e.g., by turning on the lower switches of the H-bridge circuits) while both of the voice coils are disconnected from the BEMF voltage. The flow diagram of FIG. 5 is then repeated from block 38 until the unload operation is completed at block 48.
In one embodiment, the first and second voice coils may be disconnected from the BEMF voltage at block 46 of FIG. 5 for a predetermined fourth interval. In another embodiment, the predetermined fourth interval may vary over the duration of the unload operation, for example, by periodically lengthening the fourth interval since the kinetic energy of the rotating disks dissipates over time. In yet another embodiment, the first and second voice coils may be disconnected during the fourth interval until the BEMF voltage rises above a higher (hysteretic) threshold. Similarly, the durations of the first, second and/or third intervals in the embodiment of FIG. 5 may be of predetermined lengths, they may be varied over the duration of the unload operation as the kinetic energy of the rotating disks dissipates, or they may be based on threshold levels that the VCM driving currents reach. For example, in one embodiment during the first interval the first voice coil may be connected to the BEMF voltage until the VCM driving current of the first voice coil rises above a threshold, with a similar duration configured for the second interval. Both voice coils may be connected to the BEMF voltage during the third interval until either or both of the VCM driving currents rises above a threshold.
FIG. 6A shows a simulation of the VCM driving currents during part of a power failure unload operation, wherein FIG. 6B shows a magnified view for a time segment of the simulation. In FIG. 6B, graph 481 represents the VCM driving current for the first voice coil 181, and graph 482 represents the VCM driving current for the second voice coil 182. FIG. 6B shows how the respective VCM driving currents rise while connected to the BEMF voltage, and fall while disconnected from the BEMF voltage. In the example of FIG. 6B, both the first and second voice coils are connected to the BEMF voltage for an initial interval in order to “charge” both voice coils with current. The first voice coil is then disconnected from the BEMF voltage for a first interval, the second voice coil is disconnected from the BEMF voltage for a second interval, and then both the first and second voice coils are connected to the BEMF voltage for a third interval. In the example of FIG. 6B, there are two cycles of connecting one voice coil to the BEMF voltage before connecting both voice coils to the BEMF voltage, followed by multiple single cycles of connecting one voice coil to the BEMF voltage before connecting both voice coils to the BEMF voltage. However, any suitable number of cycles as well as any suitable pattern of cycles may be employed before connecting both voice coils to the BEMF voltage.
FIG. 6A also illustrates how both voice coils may be periodically disconnected from the spindle motor BEMF voltage for a fourth interval (e.g., at time 50) to allow the spindle motor BEMF voltage to recover and, in one embodiment, to measure the BEMF voltage across each voice coil in order to estimate the velocity of each VCM, thereby implementing a velocity control loop for each VCM during at least part of the unload operation. In the embodiment of FIG. 6A, both voice coils may be disconnected from the spindle motor BEMF voltage at a predetermined periodic interval, and in another embodiment, both voice coils may be disconnected from the spindle motor BEMF voltage when the spindle motor BEMF voltage falls below a threshold. The interval that both voice coils are disconnected from the spindle motor BEMF voltage may be predetermined, may vary over time, or it may extend until the spindle motor BEMF voltage rises above a higher (hysteretic) threshold. In one embodiment, each voice coil may be shorted for at least part of the interval that both voice coils are disconnected from the spindle motor BEMF voltage.
FIG. 6A also shows simulated graphs representing the position 521 and 522 of each VCM and the velocity 541 and 542 of each VCM during part of the power failure unload operation. In the example simulation of FIG. 6A, both VCMs are starting from the same position and velocity when the power failure occurs. FIG. 6A illustrates that balancing the VCM driving currents according to the above-described embodiments causes the position/velocity of the VCMs to track a desired profile, thereby improving the unload operation, as compared for example, to always connecting both voice coils to the BEMF voltage which can result in one or both VCMs failing to track the desired position/velocity profiles due to unbalanced VCM driving currents.
In the above-described embodiments, a power failure may be detected in any suitable manner, such as by detecting when a supply voltage received from a host falls below a predetermined threshold. In one embodiment, a power failure may be detected when the supply voltage remains below the threshold for a predetermined interval in order to filter out transients in the supply voltage not due to a power failure. The control circuitry 28 may implement any suitable servo control algorithm in order to execute the unload operation during a power failure. For example, the control circuitry 28 may implement a suitable proportional control, proportional-integral control, or proportional-integral-derivative control. In addition, the control circuitry 28 may change the control algorithm at different intervals of the unload operation, for example, by employing a proportional control while accelerating the VCMs toward a target velocity at the beginning of the unload operation, and then employing a proportional-integral control to maintain the VCMs at the target velocity until the heads are unloaded onto the ramp.
Any suitable control circuitry may be employed to implement the flow diagrams in the above embodiments, such as any suitable integrated circuit or circuits. For example, the control circuitry may be implemented in a power integrated circuit, or in a component separate from the power integrated circuit, such as a disk controller, or certain operations described above may be performed by a power integrated circuit and others by a disk controller. In one embodiment, the power integrated circuit and disk controller are implemented as separate integrated circuits, and in an alternative embodiment they are fabricated into a single integrated circuit or system on a chip (SOC). In addition, the control circuitry may include a suitable preamp circuit and a read channel circuit implemented as separate integrated circuits, integrated into the or disk controller circuit, or integrated into a SOC.
In one embodiment, the control circuitry comprises a microprocessor executing instructions, the instructions being operable to cause the microprocessor to perform the flow diagrams described herein. The instructions may be stored in any computer-readable medium. In one embodiment, they may be stored on a non-volatile semiconductor memory external to the microprocessor, or integrated with the microprocessor in a SOC. In another embodiment, the instructions are stored on the disk and read into a volatile semiconductor memory when the disk drive is powered on. In yet another embodiment, the control circuitry comprises suitable logic circuitry, such as state machine circuitry. In some embodiments, at least some of the flow diagram blocks may be implemented using analog circuitry (e.g., analog comparators, timers, etc.), and in other embodiments at least some of the blocks may be implemented using digital circuitry or a combination of analog/digital circuitry.
In various embodiments, a disk drive may include a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, etc. In addition, some embodiments may include electronic devices such as computing devices, data server devices, media content storage devices, etc. that comprise the storage media and/or control circuitry as described above.
The various features and processes described above may be used independently of one another, or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations and subcombinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure. In addition, certain method, event or process blocks may be omitted in some implementations. The methods and processes described herein are also not limited to any particular sequence, and the blocks or states relating thereto can be performed in other sequences that are appropriate. For example, described tasks or events may be performed in an order other than that specifically disclosed, or multiple may be combined in a single block or state. The example tasks or events may be performed in serial, in parallel, or in some other manner. Tasks or events may be added to or removed from the disclosed example embodiments. The example systems and components described herein may be configured differently than described. For example, elements may be added to, removed from, or rearranged compared to the disclosed example embodiments.
While certain example embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions disclosed herein. Thus, nothing in the foregoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, step, module, or block is necessary or indispensable. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the embodiments disclosed herein.
Patent Grant
9997182
