Patent Application
20200186188
This application relates to the communications field, and more specifically, to a data transmission method and device.
A frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology means that a transmit end and a receive end synchronously change a frequency domain resource to perform data transmission.
In actual application, there may be a scenario in which different transmission technologies coexist. For example, a communications device using a broadband technology and an FHSS-based communications device may simultaneously perform data transmission. For example, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) device and a Bluetooth device simultaneously perform data transmission. In this case, a frequency domain resource, for frequency hopping transmission, used by the FHSS-based communications device may overlap a frequency domain resource occupied by the communications device using a broadband technology. Consequently, collision may occur between data transmitted by the FHSS-based communications device and data transmitted by the communications device using a broadband technology, resulting in a transmission failure.
This application provides a data transmission method and device, to help increase a transmission success rate.
According to a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method includes: broadcasting, by a network device, first channel information, where the first channel information is used to indicate a channel state of each of N channels, the channel state is that the channel is available or that the channel is unavailable, and N 1; and determining, by the network device, a channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel state of each channel.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device may broadcast the first channel information, so that a terminal device can learn about the channel state of each of the N channels. The network device determines the channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel state of each channel. This helps prevent the network device from sending or receiving data on an unavailable channel, thereby increasing a data transmission success rate. Further, the network device broadcasts the first channel information, so that a plurality of terminal devices can obtain the first channel information, thereby reducing signaling overheads.
In a possible implementation, the broadcasting, by a network device, first channel information includes: broadcasting, by the network device, the first channel information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device broadcasts the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. Generally, the channel for synchronization signal transmission has a fixed frequency location, and a frequency domain resource on which the channel for synchronization signal transmission is located is not interfered with by a Wi-Fi system. Based on this, the network device broadcasts the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, thereby increasing a transmission success rate of the first channel information. In addition, a terminal device needs to detect a synchronization signal when performing cell search or random access. Therefore, when the first channel information is broadcast on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, the terminal device that is performing the cell search or the random access can more easily obtain the first channel information. This method has comparatively high applicability.
In a possible implementation, before the broadcasting, by a network device, first channel information, the method further includes: sending, by the network device, channel indication information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission, where the channel indication information is used to indicate a channel for broadcasting the first channel information.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device sends the channel indication information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, so that a terminal device receives the first channel information based on the channel indication information. This solution helps prevent the network device from sending the first channel information on an unavailable channel, thereby increasing a transmission success rate of the first channel information.
In a possible implementation, before the broadcasting, by a network device, first channel information, the method further includes: sending, by the network device, update indication information, where the update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated, and the first channel information is updated channel information.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device sends the update indication information, so that a terminal device receives the first channel information based on the update indication information. This helps the terminal device obtain the first channel information in a timely manner.
In a possible implementation, the sending, by the network device, update indication information includes: sending, by the network device, the update indication information in a first time period. The broadcasting, by a network device, first channel information includes: broadcasting, by the network device, the first channel information in a second time period. The second time period and the first time period are two adjacent time periods.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device sends the update indication information in one time period, and performs data transmission on an updated channel starting from another time period. This helps a terminal device synchronously perform a channel information update.
Optionally, in a possible implementation, the method may further include: sending or receiving, by the network device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, in a possible implementation, the sending or receiving, by the network device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission includes: sending or receiving, by the network device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission starting from a start location of the second time period.
Optionally, in a possible implementation, the sending or receiving, by the network device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission includes: sending, by the network device, data to a terminal device on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission; or receiving, by the network device, data from a terminal device on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
According to a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information, where the first channel information is used to indicate a channel state of each of N channels, the channel state is that the channel is available or that the channel is unavailable, and N≥1; and determining, by the terminal device, a channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the first channel information.
In this embodiment of this application, the terminal device receives the first channel information, and the terminal device determines the channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the first channel information. This helps prevent the terminal device from sending or receiving data on an unavailable channel, thereby increasing a data transmission success rate. Further, the first channel information is carried in the broadcast message, thereby reducing signaling overheads.
In a possible implementation, the receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information includes: receiving, by the terminal device, the first channel information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission.
In this embodiment of this application, the terminal device receives the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, thereby increasing a transmission success rate of the first channel information.
In a possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving, by the terminal device, channel indication information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission, where the channel indication information is used to indicate a channel on which the network device broadcasts the first channel information. The receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information includes: receiving, by the terminal device, the first channel information based on the channel indication information.
In this embodiment of this application, the channel indication information is used to indicate the channel on which the network device broadcasts the first channel information. This solution helps increase a success rate of receiving the first channel information by the terminal device.
In a possible implementation, before the receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information, the method further includes: receiving, by the terminal device, update indication information from the network device, where the update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated, and the first channel information is updated channel information. The receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information includes: receiving, by the terminal device, the first channel information based on the update indication information.
In this embodiment of this application, the terminal device receives the update indication information, and determines, based on the update indication information, that the channel information is updated, to receive the first channel information. This solution helps reduce power consumption of the terminal device, and helps the terminal device obtain the first channel information in a timely manner.
In a possible implementation, the receiving, by the terminal device, update indication information from the network device includes: receiving, by the terminal device, the update indication information in a first time period. The receiving, by a terminal device from a network device, a broadcast message carrying first channel information includes: receiving, by the terminal device, the first channel information based on the update indication information in a second time period. The first time period and the second time period are two adjacent time periods.
In this embodiment of this application, the terminal device receives the update indication information in one time period, and receives the first channel information in another time period. This helps the terminal device synchronously perform a channel information update.
Optionally, in a possible implementation, the method may further include: receiving or sending, by the terminal device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, in a possible implementation, the receiving or sending, by the terminal device, data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission includes: receiving, by the terminal device, data from the network device on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission; or sending, by the terminal device, data to the network device on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
With reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, the first time period and the second time period are two adjacent time cycles of a plurality of time cycles.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device sends the update indication information in a current cycle, and the network device performs a channel update in a next cycle. This solution helps the terminal device and the network device synchronously perform the channel update.
With reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, the first channel information is a bitmap. The bitmap includes N bits in one-to-one correspondence with the N channels, and each of the N bits is used to indicate a channel state of a corresponding channel. Alternatively, each of at least one bit in the bitmap is used to indicate a channel state of J of the N channels, and J≥2.
In this embodiment of this application, each bit in the bitmap may indicate whether one channel is available, or at least one bit in the bitmap may indicate whether at least two channels are available. This solution helps reduce overheads of the first channel information.
With reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, a total bandwidth of the J channels is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the J channels are contiguous in frequency domain.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, N 2, and the N channels are contiguous in frequency domain. The channel information includes index information and quantity information corresponding to the index information. The index information is used to indicate a channel with a smallest number in the N channels, and the quantity information is used to indicate N. The index information and the quantity information are specifically used to indicate that the N channels are available, or the index information and the quantity information are jointly used to indicate that the N channels are unavailable.
In this embodiment of this application, the index information and the quantity information are jointly used to indicate whether the N channels are available, thereby reducing channel overheads.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, the total bandwidth of the J channels is greater than or equal to 5 megahertz and/or the total bandwidth of the J channels is less than or equal to 20 megahertz.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, the update indication information is carried in a paging message, the update indication information is carried in a unicast message, or the update indication information is carried in a second broadcast message. The update indication information is a MIB value tag unequal to a master system information block MIB value tag of a third broadcast message, or the update indication information is a SIB value tag unequal to a master system information block SIB value tag of a third broadcast message. The third broadcast message is a broadcast message previous to the second broadcast message.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device may send the update indication information in one of a plurality of manners. This solution has comparatively high compatibility and applicability. It should be understood that the “broadcast message carrying the first channel information” may be described as a “first broadcast message”, and a “broadcast message carrying the update indication information” may be described as the “second broadcast message”.
Optionally, with reference to any one of the foregoing aspects or the possible implementations of the foregoing aspects, in a possible implementation, duration of the first time period is equal to first duration. A boundary of the first time period belongs to a preset boundary corresponding to the first duration, and the boundary includes a start location or an end location. The second time period and the first time period are consecutive, and duration of the second time period is equal to the duration of the first time period.
According to a third aspect, a data transmission device is provided, including units configured to perform any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect. The device may be a network device or a baseband chip.
According to a fourth aspect, a data transmission device is provided, including units configured to perform any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect. The device may be a terminal device or a baseband chip.
According to a fifth aspect, a data transmission device is provided, including a transmission component and a processor, to enable the device to perform the method in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect. Optionally, the device may further include a receiving component. The device may be a network device or a baseband chip. When the device is a network device, the transmission component may be a transmitter, and the receiving component may be a receiver. When the device is a baseband chip, the transmission component may be an output circuit of the baseband chip, and the receiving component may be an input circuit of the baseband chip.
According to a sixth aspect, a data transmission device is provided, including a receiving component and a processor, to enable the device to perform the method in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect. Optionally, the device may further include a transmission component. The device may be a terminal device or a baseband chip. When the device is a terminal device, the receiving component may be a receiver, and the transmission component may be a transmitter. When the device is a baseband chip, the receiving component may be an input circuit of the baseband chip, and the transmission component may be an output circuit of the baseband chip.
According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided, and the computer program product includes computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a network device, the network device is enabled to perform the method in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect.
According to an eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided, and the computer program product includes computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a network device, the terminal device is enabled to perform the method in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect.
According to a ninth aspect, a computer readable medium is provided. The computer readable medium stores program code, and the program code includes an instruction used to perform the method in any one of the first aspect or the possible implementations of the first aspect.
According to a tenth aspect, a computer readable medium is provided. The computer readable medium stores program code, and the program code includes an instruction used to perform the method in any one of the second aspect or the possible implementations of the second aspect.
In the embodiments of this application, the channel for frequency hopping transmission is determined based on the channel state of each of the N channels. This helps prevent the network device and the terminal device from transmitting data on an unavailable channel, thereby increasing a data transmission success probability. Further, the network device may broadcast the first channel information. This solution helps reduce signaling overheads. Still further, the network device may send the update indication information to indicate that channel information is updated, so that the terminal device receives the first channel information based on the update indication information. This solution helps improve efficiency of obtaining the first channel information by the terminal device.
The following describes technical solutions of this application with reference to accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that division of manners, cases, types, and embodiments in the embodiments of this application are merely for ease of description, but should not constitute any special limitation, and features in various manners, types, cases, and embodiments may be combined provided that they do not conflict with each other.
It should also be understood that “first”, “second”, and “third” in the embodiments of this application are merely used for differentiation, and should not constitute any limitation on this application.
It should also be understood that sequence numbers of processes do not mean execution sequences in the embodiments of this application. The execution sequences of the processes should be determined according to functions and internal logic of the processes, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation processes of the embodiments of this application.
The embodiments of this application may be applied to various FHSS-based communications systems, for example, a machine type communication on unlicensed spectrum (enhanced machine type communication on unlicensed spectrum, eMTC-U) system or a Bluetooth system.
In the embodiments of this application, a network device is an apparatus, deployed in a radio access network, that is configured to provide a wireless communication function for a terminal device. The network device may include base stations in various forms, such as a macro base station, a micro base station (also referred to as a small cell), a relay station, an access point, a new radio controller (NR controller), a centralized unit, a remote radio unit, a distributed unit, a reception point (RP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a transmission point (TP), or any other radio access device, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. In systems that use different radio access technologies, names of devices with a base station function may be different. For example, the network device may be an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN), or may be an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system. Alternatively, the network device may be a NodeB in a third generation (3G) system. In addition, the network device may alternatively be a relay station or an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a network device in a future fifth generation (5G) network, a network device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), or the like.
A terminal device in the embodiments of this application may include various handheld devices, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, or computing devices, that have a wireless communication function, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. The terminal device may be a device, in a communications system (for example, a 5G system), that accesses a network side by using a network device (for example, an NR or a TRP), and may also be referred to as user equipment (UE). The terminal device is a device providing voice and/or data connectivity for a user, for example, a handheld device or a vehicle-mounted device with a wireless connection function. A common terminal includes, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palmtop computer, a mobile internet device (MID), or a wearable device such as a smartwatch, a smart band, and a pedometer. The terminal device may alternatively be a relay device.
Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method, to help increase a transmission success rate.
To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, several concepts in the embodiments of this application are first described.
Frequency hopping transmission: The frequency hopping transmission means that a carrier frequency changes, based on an agreed pattern or sequence, within a specific frequency band range when a network device or a terminal device sends/receives data. For example, frequency hopping is performed after a specified period (for example, 400 milliseconds) of transmission on each channel, and the period of transmission on each channel is specified in a protocol.
Frequency hopping pattern: The frequency hopping pattern represents a change rule of a signal carrier frequency (a channel) of two communication parties. For example, a network device and a terminal device receive and send data according to the rule. In other words, a channel on which data transmission is performed at a specified time point may be determined based on the frequency hopping pattern.
The following describes in detail a data transmission method in the embodiments of this application with reference to
The method 200 may be performed by a network device and/or a terminal device. Optionally, the network device and the terminal device may be respectively corresponding to the network device 101 and the terminal device 102 in the foregoing communication scenario. As shown in
210: The network device broadcasts first channel information, and correspondingly, the terminal device may receive the first channel information.
It should be understood that, that the network device broadcasts first channel information may be as follows: The network device sends the first channel information by using a message, so that a plurality of terminal devices can obtain the first channel information. Specifically, the network device may broadcast the first channel information in one of a plurality of manners.
For example, the network device may send a broadcast message carrying the first channel information. Optionally, the broadcast message may be a system message. The system message may include a master system information block (MIB) message or a system information block (SIB) message.
For another example, the network device may send the first channel information on a cell-level control channel. The cell-level control channel may be a common control channel (common physical downlink control channel, CPDCCH).
The first channel information is used to indicate a channel state of each of N (N≥1) channels, and the channel state is that the channel is available or that the channel is unavailable. The first channel information may indicate the channel state of each channel in one of the following manners.
(1) The first channel information is specifically used to indicate whether each of the N channels is available.
Optionally, the first channel information may be a bitmap. Each bit in the bitmap may be used to indicate whether at least one of the N channels is available. In other words, each bit in the bitmap may be corresponding to at least one channel. It should be understood that a quantity of channels corresponding to a bit may be the same as or different from a quantity of channels corresponding to another bit.
For example, the bitmap may include N bits corresponding to the N channels respectively, and each bit is used to indicate whether one corresponding channel is available.
For another example, the bitmap includes K (2≤K≤N) bits. Each of the K bits corresponds to J (J≥2) channels, and each bit is used to indicate whether the corresponding J channels are available. Optionally, J is a preset value, and the preset value may be defined in a standard or may be preconfigured by the network device. Optionally, a total bandwidth of the J channels is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. The preset threshold may be defined in a standard or may be preconfigured by the network device. Optionally, the J channels are contiguous in frequency domain.
For still another example, the bitmap includes L (2≤L≤N) bits. K (1≤K≤L) of the L bits correspond to J channels, and (L−K) bits correspond to G (G≥1) channels. For detailed descriptions of J, refer to the foregoing related descriptions. For brevity, details are not described herein.
That is, in this embodiment of this application, a bit in the bitmap may be used to indicate whether one channel is available, and/or a bit in the bitmap is used to indicate whether a plurality of channels are available. Further, optionally, because interference at the 2.4 GHz band mainly comes from a broadband system, namely, a Wi-Fi system, a value of J may be determined based on a channel bandwidth of the Wi-Fi system.
Based on
For example, assuming that the FHSS system has 75 (N=75) channels in total, the bitmap may include 25 bits, and each bit is used to indicate whether three channels are available.
For another example, assuming that the FHSS system has 79 (N=79) channels in total, because 79 is not an integer multiple of 3, the bitmap may include 27 bits. Each of first 26 of the 27 bits is used to indicate whether three channels are available, and a last bit of the 27 bits is used to indicate whether one channel (a 79th channel) is available.
Based on
For example, assuming that the FHSS system has 75 (N=75) channels in total, the bitmap may include five bits, and each bit is used to indicate whether 15 channels are available.
For another example, assuming that the FHSS system has 79 (N=79) channels in total, the bitmap may include six bits. Each of first five of the six bits is used to indicate whether 15 channels are available, and a last bit of the six bits is used to indicate whether four channels (a 76th channel, a 77th channel, a 78th channel, and a 79th channel) are available.
To be specific, assuming that a bandwidth of each channel in the FHSS system is D MHz, optionally, J may meet the following formula:
5/D≤J≤20/D (1)
D is a value of the bandwidth of each channel in the FHSS system, and J is a quantity of channels. Optionally, if D=1.4 MHz, 3≤J≤15.
In this embodiment of this application, a plurality of channels are bonded together and indicated by using one bit, thereby reducing overheads of the first channel information.
(2) The first channel information is specifically used to indicate that all the N channels are available.
To be specific, the first channel information may be a whitelist. All channels indicated by the first channel information are available channels. For example, each channel has an index (or an identifier), and the first channel information may be used to indicate an index of an available channel.
For example, the first channel information may include identifiers of all of the N channels.
For another example, the N channels are contiguous in frequency domain. The first channel information includes index information and quantity information corresponding to the index information. The index information may be used to indicate a channel with a smallest number (or a largest number) in the N channels, and the quantity information is used to indicate N. The index information and the quantity information are jointly used to indicate that the N channels are available channels.
(3) The first channel information is specifically used to indicate that all the N channels are unavailable.
To be specific, the first channel information may be a blacklist. All channels indicated by the first channel information are unavailable channels. For related descriptions about that the first channel information is used to indicate that all the N channels are unavailable, refer to the foregoing related descriptions. For brevity, details are not described herein.
220: The network device determines a channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel state of each channel, and correspondingly, the terminal device determines the channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the first channel information (the channel state of each channel).
It should be understood that the channel for frequency hopping transmission includes a plurality of channels. For ease of description, a “channel for frequency hopping transmission” may be described as a “channel set”, and the “channel for frequency hopping transmission determined based on the channel state of each of the N channels” is described as a “first channel set”.
The network device is used as an example. Assuming that the network device determines, based on the channel state of each channel, that a channel #1 is unavailable, the network device may determine that the channel #1 does not belong to the first channel set. Assuming that the network device determines, based on the channel state of each channel, that a channel #2 is available, the network device may determine that the channel #2 belongs to the first channel set. The network device and the terminal may select one channel or some channels from the first channel set according to an agreed frequency hopping rule, to perform data transmission. For related descriptions of the terminal device in step 220, refer to related descriptions of the network device. For brevity, details are not described herein.
Optionally, the method 200 may further include the following step:
230: The network device sends or receives data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives or sends data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, that the network device sends or receives data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission may include the following: The network device sends data to the terminal device based on the first channel set, or the network device receives data from the terminal device based on the first channel set. Similarly, optionally, that the terminal device receives or sends data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission may include the following: The terminal device receives data from the network device based on the first channel set, or the terminal device sends data to the network device based on the first channel set. It should be understood that the terminal device may, based on the first channel set, further send data to another terminal device or receive data from another terminal device.
In an optional example, that the network device sends or receives data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission may include the following: The network device determines a frequency hopping pattern based on the first channel set, and the network device sends or receives data based on the frequency hopping pattern.
For ease of description, step 230 may be described as “the network device and the terminal device perform data transmission on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission”.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device may send the first channel information, where the first channel information is used to indicate the channel state of each of the N channels, so that the terminal device obtains channel states of the N channels. The network device (or the terminal device) may determine the channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel states of the N channels. This helps prevent the network device (or the terminal device) from sending or receiving data on an unavailable channel, thereby increasing a data transmission success rate. Further, compared with that the network device sends the first channel information in a unicast manner, the network device broadcasts the first channel information, thereby helping reduce signaling overheads.
Further, the network device may broadcast the first channel information in one of the following manners.
Manner #1
Step 210 may include the following:
The network device broadcasts the first channel information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission.
Specifically, a channel in the FHSS system includes a data channel or a channel for synchronization signal transmission. The data channel is a channel (a channel set) for frequency hopping transmission in the FHSS system. It should be understood that the network device determines a different channel for frequency hopping transmission in a different case. However, each channel for frequency hopping transmission determined by the network device belongs to the data channel.
For example, it is assumed that the FHSS system includes 79 data channels, and the 79 data channels include a channel #1 and a channel #2. At a first moment, the network device determines, through channel detection, that the channel #1 is unavailable and the channel #2 is available, so that the network device determines that the channel for frequency hopping transmission does not include the channel #1 and includes the channel #2. The channel for frequency hopping transmission determined by the network device belongs to the 79 data channels. At a second moment, the network device determines, through channel detection, that the channel #1 is available and the channel #2 is unavailable, so that the network device determines that the channel for frequency hopping transmission includes the channel #1 and does not include the channel #2. The channel for frequency hopping transmission determined by the network device belongs to the 79 data channels.
Generally, to increase a transmission success rate of a synchronization signal, a channel for synchronization signal transmission in the FHSS system has a fixed frequency location, and a frequency band for synchronization signal transmission is located in a guard band of a Wi-Fi system. It should be understood that, in the Wi-Fi system, the network device and the terminal device do not perform data transmission within the guard band. Therefore, it may be considered that the Wi-Fi guard band of is a blank resource in the Wi-Fi system. To be specific, the channel for synchronization signal transmission is not interfered with by the Wi-Fi system.
For example, currently, the network device transmits a synchronization signal on an anchor channel. It should be understood that the anchor channel has a fixed frequency location, and a frequency band of the anchor channel is located in the guard band of the Wi-Fi system.
Based on this, to increase a transmission success rate of the first channel information, the network device may broadcast the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. For example, the network device may broadcast the first channel information on the anchor channel. This solution helps increase a success rate of transmitting the first channel information by the network device. Further, data is sent on a fixed channel of the anchor channel, and no frequency hopping is performed. Therefore, sending the first channel information on the anchor channel facilitates channel alignment between the network device and the terminal device. In other words, the network device sends the first channel information on the anchor channel, and the terminal device receives the first channel information on the anchor channel, thereby avoiding a problem that the network device sends the first channel information on a data channel #1 and the terminal device receives the first channel information on a data channel #2.
It should be understood that the FHSS system may include a plurality of anchor channels, and the network device may send a synchronization signal on the plurality of anchor channels, or may send a synchronization signal on one of the plurality of anchor channels. It should be understood that regardless of a manner in which the network device sends the synchronization signal, the network device may send the first channel information on a channel for sending the synchronization signal. For example, the network device may send the first channel information on at least two of the plurality of anchor channels, or the network device may send the first channel information on one of the plurality of anchor channels. This is not limited in this embodiment of this application.
Manner #2
Step 210 may include the following.
The network device broadcasts the first channel information on a data channel.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device may send channel information, so that the network device and the terminal device may update a channel for frequency hopping transmission. In an optional example, before the network device broadcasts the first channel information, the method 200 may further include the following step.
201: The network device broadcasts second channel information, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the second channel information, where the second channel information is used to indicate a channel state of each of E (E≥1) channels.
It should be understood that, for related descriptions of step 201, reference may be made to related descriptions of step 210. For brevity, details are not described herein.
Optionally, the method 200 may further include the following step.
202: The network device determines a channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel state of each of the E channels, and correspondingly, the terminal device determines the channel for frequency hopping transmission based on the channel state of each of the E channels.
Optionally, the method 200 may further include the following step.
203: The network device and the terminal device perform data transmission on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
To be specific, the network device may update channel information, so that the network device and the terminal device may update a channel (a channel set) for frequency hopping transmission based on updated channel information. In this embodiment of this application, the second channel information may be considered as “before-update channel information”, and the first channel information may be considered as the “updated channel information”. The “channel for frequency hopping transmission determined based on the channel state of each of the E channels” is considered as a “before-update channel for frequency hopping transmission”. The “channel for frequency hopping transmission determined based on the channel state of each of the N channels” is considered as an “updated channel for frequency hopping transmission”. It can be learned from the foregoing description that the “updated channel for frequency hopping transmission” may be described as the “first channel set”, and similarly, the “before-update channel for frequency hopping transmission” may be described as a “second channel set”.
In other words, before the network device and the terminal device perform data transmission based on the first channel set, the network device and the terminal device perform data transmission based on the second channel set.
It should be understood that, that the network device and the terminal device perform data transmission based on the second channel set includes the following: The network device and the terminal device determine (or calculate) a frequency hopping pattern based on the second channel set, and the network device and the terminal device perform data transmission based on the frequency hopping pattern. For ease of description, the “frequency hopping pattern determined based on the second channel set” may be described as a “second frequency hopping pattern”. Similarly, the “frequency hopping pattern determined based on the first channel set” may be described as a “first frequency hopping pattern”. In other words, it may be considered that the channel information is updated to update the channel set for frequency hopping transmission. It may also be considered that the channel information is updated to update the frequency hopping pattern.
Generally, the network device updates the channel information because there may be an unavailable channel in a current channel set (a channel for frequency hopping transmission), or an originally unavailable channel is currently available. For example, a current channel for frequency hopping transmission includes a channel #1. The network device determines, through channel detection, that the channel #1 is unavailable, and the network device needs to update channel information, so that the terminal device learns that the channel #1 is unavailable. After receiving updated channel information, the terminal device may determine, based on the updated channel information, a channel for frequency hopping transmission that does not include the channel #1, thereby improving data transmission efficiency.
Because there may be an unavailable channel in the second channel set, when the network device sends the first channel information based on the second frequency hopping pattern, a transmission failure of the first channel information may occur. For example, the second channel set includes a channel #1, and the network device determines, through channel detection, that the channel #1 is unavailable. In this case, if the network device transmits the first channel information on the channel #1 based on the second frequency hopping pattern, the first channel information may not be sent successfully.
Based on this, the network device may determine, based on the channel states of the N channels, a channel (a data channel) for sending the first channel information. In other words, the network device may not perform data transmission based on the second frequency hopping pattern. In this case, the method 200 may further include the following step:
204: The network device sends channel indication information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the channel indication information, where the channel indication information is used to indicate a channel for broadcasting the first channel information.
Optionally, it is assumed that the channel for synchronization signal transmission is an anchor channel. Therefore, sending the channel indication information on the anchor channel facilitates frequency hopping channel alignment between the network device and the terminal device. To be specific, the network device sends the channel indication information on the anchor channel, and the terminal device receives the channel indication information on the anchor channel, thereby avoiding a problem that the network device sends the channel indication information a data channel #1 and the terminal device receives the channel indication information on a data channel #2. This helps increase a success rate of receiving the channel indication information by the terminal device, and facilitates alignment between a channel on which the network device sends the first channel information and a channel on which the terminal device receives the first channel information.
The terminal device receives the channel indication information and may determine a location of the first channel information based on the channel indication information, so that the terminal device can receive the first channel information at the location.
For example, the channel indication information is used to indicate a channel #2. After receiving the channel indication information on the anchor channel, the terminal device may perform frequency hopping to switch to the channel #2, to receive the first channel information.
Further, optionally, the channel indication information may be used to indicate a time domain resource for broadcasting the first channel information. For example, the channel indication information is used to indicate a subframe #2 and the channel #2. After receiving the channel indication information on the anchor channel, the terminal device may receive the first channel information at a location corresponding to the subframe #2 and the channel #2.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device broadcasts the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, or the network device sends information (the channel indication information) related to the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. This helps increase a success rate of receiving the first channel information by the terminal device. In addition, when performing cell search or random access, the terminal device may obtain the first channel information or the channel indication information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. This method helps the terminal device that is not connected to the network device obtain the first channel information. This solution has comparatively good compatibility and applicability.
Further, the method 200 may include the following step.
205: The network device sends update indication information, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the update indication information, where the update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated.
A manner in which the terminal device listens to the channel for synchronization signal transmission may include the following.
(1) Real-Time Listening
The terminal device listens to, in real time, the channel for synchronization signal transmission. This manner helps prevent the terminal device from missing information sent by the network device, but power consumption of this manner is comparatively high.
(2) Periodic Listening
The terminal device periodically listens to the channel for synchronization signal transmission. Compared with the real-time listening manner, this manner can reduce power consumption of the terminal device. However, this solution is unfavorable to obtaining, by the terminal device in a timely manner, information sent by the network device.
Based on this, in this embodiment of this application, the network device may send the update indication information, and after receiving the update indication information, the terminal device may learn that the channel information is updated. This helps the terminal device determine that there is a need to obtain the first channel information.
Optionally, the terminal device may listen to the channel for synchronization signal transmission after receiving the update indication information, so that the terminal device obtains the first channel information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, or the terminal device obtains the channel indication information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission and obtains the first channel information based on the channel indication information.
This solution not only helps reduce power consumption of the terminal device, but also helps the terminal device obtain corresponding information in a timely manner, thereby helping the terminal device obtain the first channel information.
It should be understood that, that the terminal device listens to the channel for synchronization signal transmission after receiving the update indication information is an implementation of this embodiment of this application, and should not constitute any limitation on this application. If the network device does not send the channel indication information, but directly broadcasts the first channel information on a data channel, the terminal device listens to the data channel for a broadcast message after receiving the update indication information, to obtain the first channel information.
The network device may send the update indication information in one of a plurality of manners.
In an optional example, the network device may send the update indication information by using a unicast message. For example, assuming that a terminal device #1 is currently connected to a network device #1 and the network device #1 needs to update the channel information, the network device #1 may send update indication information to the terminal device #1 by using a unicast message, so that the terminal device #1 listens to the channel for synchronization signal transmission based on the update indication information. The unicast message may include a physical layer message or a radio resource control (RRC) message.
In another optional example, the network device may send the update indication information by using a paging message. For example, assuming that a terminal device #2 is currently not connected to the network device #1 and the network device #1 needs to update the channel information, the network device #1 may send the update indication information to the terminal device #2 by using a paging message, so that the terminal device #2 listens to the channel for synchronization signal transmission based on the update indication information.
In still another optional example, the network device may send the update indication information by using a broadcast message. For ease of differentiation, a “broadcast message carrying the first channel information” may be described as a “first broadcast message”, and a “broadcast message carrying the update indication information” may be described as a “second broadcast message”. The network device may send the update indication information by using the second broadcast message, where the update indication information is specifically a MIB value tag unequal to a MIB value tag of a third broadcast message, or the update indication information is specifically a SIB value tag unequal to a SIB value tag of a third broadcast message. The third broadcast message is a broadcast message previous to the second broadcast message. In other words, the network device may indicate, to the terminal device by updating the MIB value tag or updating the SIB value tag, that the channel information is updated. Correspondingly, the terminal device may determine, based on whether the MIB value tag or the SIB value tag is changed, whether the channel information is updated.
Further, optionally, step 205 may include the following.
The network device sends the update indication information in a first time period.
Optionally, step 210 may include the following.
The network device broadcasts the first channel information in a second time period, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first channel information in the second time period.
To be specific, the network device sends the update indication information in the first time period, and the network device may broadcast the first channel information starting from the second time period. It should be understood that the network device still sends the second channel information in the first time period. That is, the network device still sends the before-update channel information in the first time period.
Optionally, step 230 may include the following.
The network device performs data transmission with the terminal device based on the first channel set starting from a start location of a second time period. Correspondingly, starting from the start location of the second time period, the terminal device may, by listening to the channel for synchronization signal transmission, obtain the first channel information, or obtain the channel indication information and obtain the first channel information based on the channel indication information.
In this embodiment of this application, the network device and the terminal device may continue to perform data transmission based on a second channel set in the first time period. The network device performs data transmission based on the first channel set starting from the second time period, and the terminal device performs data transmission based on the first channel set after receiving the first channel information.
In an optional example, as shown in
In other words, channel information broadcast by the network device does not change in one time period. For example, the network device broadcasts the second channel information in the first time period, the network device determines to update channel information in the first time period, and the network device continues to broadcast the second channel information in the first time period. The network device broadcasts the first channel information in the second time period.
Specifically, if the network device broadcasts the first channel information immediately after sending the update indication information, in this case, some terminal devices may not receive the update indication information, and consequently, these terminal devices cannot perform the channel set update in a timely manner, resulting in a failure in subsequent data transmission performed by these terminal devices. The network device broadcasts the update indication information in one time period, and updates the channel information in a next time period. This helps the network device and the terminal device synchronously update a channel set, thereby increasing a data transmission success rate.
Similar to the foregoing descriptions, the network device may broadcast second channel information in the first time period. For ease of description, “channel indication information used to indicate a channel for broadcasting the first channel information” may be described as “first channel indication information, and “channel indication information used to indicate a channel for broadcasting the second channel information” may be described as “second channel indication information”. The network device may send the second channel indication information in the first time period, so that the terminal device may receive the second channel information based on the second channel indication information in the first time period. For detailed descriptions of this solution, refer to the foregoing related descriptions. For brevity, details are not described herein.
Further, optionally, the network device may periodically broadcast the first channel information in the second time period. Similarly, the network device may periodically broadcast the second channel information in the first time period.
To be specific, in this embodiment of this application, the network device may periodically broadcast channel information, and the channel information broadcast by the network device remains unchanged in one time period. For example, the network device periodically broadcasts the second channel information in the first time period, and even though the network device sends the update indication information in the first time period, the network device still broadcasts the second channel information in the first time period. Similarly, the network device periodically broadcasts the first channel information starting from the second time period, until channel information is updated again.
For example, the network device periodically broadcasts the second channel information before the first time period. Assuming that the network device sends the update indication information in the first time period, the network device continues to periodically broadcast the second channel information in the first time period, and the network device periodically broadcasts the first channel information starting from the second time period. The network device sends update indication information in a third time period later than the second time period, where the update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated. The network device sends third channel information in a fourth time period later than the third time period. The network device periodically broadcasts the first channel information starting from the second time period to the third time period.
Based on the foregoing descriptions, in this embodiment of this application, the network device sends data based on a frequency hopping pattern in one time period. For example, the network device sends data based on a second frequency hopping pattern before the second time period, and the network device sends data based on a first frequency hopping pattern starting from the second time period until the frequency hopping pattern is updated again. Similarly, the terminal device sends data based on a frequency hopping pattern in one time period.
Optionally, the first time period and the second time period are two adjacent time periods. Further, optionally, the first time period and the second time period may be two adjacent time cycles of a plurality of time cycles.
Specifically, the network device and the terminal device may agree on the time cycle in advance, the time cycle may be specified in a protocol, or the network device may configure the time cycle for the terminal device. For example, the method 200 may include the following:
The network device sends cycle information, where the cycle information is used to configure the time cycle for the terminal device. The cycle information is specifically used to indicate first duration and a boundary corresponding to the first duration. The boundary includes a start location or an end location. Duration of the time cycle is the first duration, and a boundary of the time cycle is the boundary corresponding to the first duration.
It is assumed that the cycle information indicates that the first duration includes five subframes, and the cycle information is further used to indicate that the boundary corresponding to the first duration is a subframe #0. Therefore, the duration of the time cycle includes five subframes, and the boundaries of the time cycle are the subframe #0 and a subframe #5. The first time period may be from the subframe #0 to a subframe #4, and the second time period may be from the subframe #5 to a subframe #9.
In other words, assuming that the network device finds, through channel detection, that a channel is unavailable, the network device may send the update indication information in a time cycle # n (n>0), broadcast the first channel information in a time cycle # (n+1), and perform data transmission based on the first channel set starting from the time cycle # (n+1). Alternatively, assuming that the network device finds, through channel detection, that a channel is unavailable, the network device may send the update indication information in a time cycle # n, send the channel indication information and the first channel information in a time cycle # (n+1), and perform data transmission based on the first channel set starting from the time cycle # (n+1).
Optionally, the first duration is greater than or equal to a return cycle of the channel for synchronization signal transmission.
It should be understood that the network device periodically sends information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. To be specific, after sending information #1 on the channel for synchronization signal transmission, the network device needs to wait for a period of time before sending information again. Duration of the period of time is the return cycle of the channel for synchronization signal transmission.
If the first duration is less than the return cycle, when the channel for synchronization signal transmission reaches the first duration, the channel for synchronization signal transmission may be unable to be used for transmission of the first channel information. Based on this, the first duration is greater than or equal to the return cycle of the channel for synchronization signal transmission, so that the network device can efficiently send the first channel information.
Optionally, the first duration is an integer multiple of a paging cycle.
It should be understood that the network device periodically sends a paging message. To be specific, after sending a paging message #1, the network device needs to wait for a period of time before sending a paging message again. The period of time is the paging cycle.
If the first duration is less than the paging cycle, assuming that the network device determines that channel information is updated, the network device may be unable to send a paging message carrying the update indication information. Based on this, the first duration is greater than or equal to the paging cycle, so that the network device can efficiently notify the terminal device that the channel information is updated.
The foregoing describes the data transmission method according to the embodiments of this application with reference to
Optionally, the transmission unit 310 is further configured to send data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, the device 300 may further include a receiving unit, configured to receive data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, the transmission unit 310 is specifically configured to broadcast the first channel information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission.
Optionally, the transmission unit 310 is further configured to send channel indication information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission before the transmission unit 310 broadcasts the first channel information. The channel indication information is used to indicate a channel for broadcasting the first channel information.
Optionally, the transmission unit 310 is further configured to send update indication information before the transmission unit 310 broadcasts the first channel information. The update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated, and the first channel information is updated channel information.
Optionally, the transmission unit 310 is specifically configured to send the update indication information in a first time period, and perform data transmission with a terminal device on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission starting from a start location of a second time period. The second time period and the first time period are two adjacent time periods.
Optionally, the first time period and the second time period are two adjacent time cycles of a plurality of time cycles.
Optionally, the first channel information is a bitmap. The bitmap includes N bits in one-to-one correspondence with the N channels, and each of the N bits is used to indicate a channel state of a corresponding channel. Alternatively, each of at least one bit in the bitmap is used to indicate a channel state of J of the N channels, and J≥2.
Optionally, a total bandwidth of the J channels is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the J channels are contiguous in frequency domain.
It should be understood that the units of the device 300 provided in this embodiment of this application and the foregoing other operations or functions are used to implement corresponding procedures performed by the network device in the method 200 provided in the embodiments of this application. For brevity, details are not described herein.
Optionally, the receiving unit 410 is further configured to receive data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, the device 400 may further include a transmission unit, configured to send data on the determined channel for frequency hopping transmission.
Optionally, the receiving unit 410 is specifically configured to receive the first channel information on a channel for synchronization signal transmission.
Optionally, the receiving unit 410 is further configured to receive channel indication information on the channel for synchronization signal transmission. The channel indication information is used to indicate a channel on which the network device broadcasts the first channel information.
The receiving unit 410 is specifically configured to receive the first channel information based on the channel indication information.
Optionally, the receiving unit 410 is further configured to receive update indication information from the network device before the receiving unit 410 receives, from the network device, the broadcast message carrying the first channel information. The update indication information is used to notify that channel information is updated, and the first channel information is updated channel information.
The receiving unit 410 is specifically configured to receive the first channel information based on the update indication information.
Optionally, the receiving unit 410 is specifically configured to receive the update indication information in a first time period, and receive, based on the update indication information, the first channel information in a second time period.
Optionally, the first time period and the second time period are two adjacent time cycles of a plurality of time cycles.
Optionally, the bitmap includes N bits in one-to-one correspondence with the N channels, and each of the N bits is used to indicate a channel state of a corresponding channel. Alternatively, each of at least one bit in the bitmap is used to indicate a channel state of J of the N channels, and J≥2.
Optionally, a total bandwidth of the M channels is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the M channels are contiguous in frequency domain.
It should be understood that the units of the device 400 provided in this embodiment of this application and the foregoing other operations or functions are used to implement corresponding procedures performed by the terminal device in the method 200 provided in the embodiments of this application. For brevity, details are not described herein.
It should be noted that the device 300 shown in
It should be noted that the device 400 shown in
It should be noted that the terminal device and the network device are used as an example in this application to describe the method and the device for determining a transmission direction in the embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the method for determining a transmission direction in the embodiments of this application may alternatively be implemented by two baseband chips, where a first baseband chip of the two baseband chips is configured to implement a related operation of the terminal device in the embodiments of this application, and a second baseband chip of the two baseband chips is configured to implement a related operation of the network device in the embodiments of this application.
It should be further noted that an input/output circuit of the first baseband chip can be configured to implement a related operation of the receiver or the transmitter of the foregoing terminal device, and an input/output circuit of the second baseband chip can be configured to implement a related operation of the receiver or the transmitter of the foregoing network device.
It should be understood that, the processor in the embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be another general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or another programmable logical device, discrete gate or transistor logical device, discrete hardware component, or the like.
It may be understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or may include a volatile memory and a nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM), used as an external cache. Through example but not limitative description, many forms of random access memory (RAM) may be used, for example, a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus dynamic random access memory (DR RAM).
All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When software is used to implement the embodiments, all or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded or executed on a computer, all or some of the procedures or functions according to the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or may be transmitted from a computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, infrared, radio, or microwave) manner. The computer readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by a computer, or a data storage device, such as a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a digital versatile disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium may be a solid-state drive.
It should be understood that the term “and/or” in this specification describes only an association relationship for describing associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. In addition, the character “/” in this specification generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects.
A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, units and algorithm steps in the examples described with reference to the embodiments disclosed in this specification may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the foregoing functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference may be made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the foregoing apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, the unit division is merely logical function division and may be other division in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented by using some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected depending on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
When the functions are implemented in a form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of this application essentially, or the part contributing to the prior art, or some of the technical solutions may be implemented in a form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/CN2017/098007, filed on Aug. 18, 2017, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2017/098007 | Aug 2017 | US |
| Child | 16792605 | US |
