Patent Grant
8060817
Data may be displayed in any number of different ways. One traditional approach that has been used to display data is a tabular representation. In a tabular representation, data is displayed in a table format with records displayed as rows in the table and attributes of the records displayed as columns. The attribute values are displayed in a textual format in cells (the intersection of a row and a column). With large data sets, a user has to scroll through multiple pages to view all the data. Additionally, this type of view does not facilitate rapid user comprehension of the data set.
Another technique that has been used is to display data in a table format, but instead of displaying the data values as textual values, the data is displayed as graphical bars. To get more detailed information, the user may specify a focus region to see the textual values of the data. This technique may allow a user to view large amounts of data on a single screen and more easily notice data trends with data sets having two dimensions of data. However, this type of display does not provide for the comprehension of hierarchical relationships in multidimensional data having multiple hierarchical levels.
Methods, systems, and machine readable mediums are disclosed for viewing multidimensional data. In one embodiment, a method is disclosed which comprises displaying multidimensional data in a table format. The table format has a plurality of rows, a plurality of columns, and a plurality of cells displaying data. One column of the plurality of columns includes data for at least two hierarchical levels. Data for at least a first set of the plurality of cells is displayed in a graphical format. The first set includes cells in the first column and the graphical format of the cells in the first column indicates a hierarchical level associated with the cell data. By way of example, the graphical format may comprise graphical bars and the graphical bars may be indented to indicate the hierarchical level of the data in the first column. The method also comprises displaying a mechanism for a first one of the rows to display at least one additional row having data in the first column associated with a lower hierarchical level of the first row data.
The method may also comprise detecting an activation of the mechanism associated with a first one of the rows. The first row has data in the first column at a first hierarchical level. One or more additional rows are then displayed. The additional row(s) have data in the first column at a lower hierarchical level than the first hierarchical level and the data at the lower hierarchical level shares at least one data dimension with the data in the first cell data. In some embodiments, the one or more additional rows are displayed in the graphical format and the graphical format for data in the first column of the row(s) may indicate the lower hierarchical level. A mechanism associated with the first row may also be displayed to remove the one or more additional rows from the displayed data. Optionally, the user may select to expand or collapse all hierarchical levels of the displayed data and the data may be re-displayed in accordance with the user selection.
In some instances, the method may also comprise displaying the data for a second set of the plurality of cells in a textual format. The second set may include non-contiguous rows. Before the second set is displayed in the textual format, it may first be displayed in a graphical format. Upon detecting a selection of the second set, the table may be re-displayed to display the second set in the textual format. Alternately or additionally, the method may comprise detecting a selection of a row having data in the first set which is graphically represented. The data associated with the selected row may then be displayed in a textual format in a status line.
In other embodiments, the method may further comprise invoking a configuration interface having a plurality of configuration options for a user to change a configuration of the displayed data. After a selection is received from a user to change a display mode configuration option, the data may be re-displayed in accordance with the selection. For example, one configuration option may be to display the data in the first set in the graphical format with textual values. As another example, configuration option(s) may be provided to set minimum/maximum threshold values for data. Data that exceeds a maximum threshold value or is less than a minimum threshold value may be displayed in a different format. Another configuration option may be to display the data in a list format, so that when data is resorted the hierarchical relationships between the rows is not maintained. Additional configuration options may be provided to change a top hierarchy level so that data above the top hierarchy level are not displayed; to set the columns that are to be displayed; to display a number of descendents of a row; to change the graphical format (e.g., change the height or spacing of graphical bars); or to right-justify the graphical data of a column.
Other variations of the method are also contemplated. By way of example, the method may further include receiving a sort column selection. The data at a first hierarchical level may be sorted in accordance with the sort column selection and the sorted data may be displayed to maintain a display of the hierarchical relationship between rows of data. As another example, the method may include receiving a selection of one or more rows and re-displaying the table to include only the selected rows.
In another embodiment, a method is disclosed which comprises displaying multidimensional data in a table format. The table format has a plurality of rows, a plurality of columns, and a plurality of cells displaying data. A first column of the plurality of columns includes data for at least two hierarchical levels. The data for at least a first set of the data is displayed in a graphical bar format The graphical bars in the first column are indented to indicate the hierarchical level associated with the data in the first column. A selection of a subset of the first set is detected and the data for the subset is re-displayed in a textual format. The method also comprises detecting a selection of a row in the first set and displaying the data associated with the selected row in a textual format in a status line.
The methods may be also be embodied in computer systems. The computer system may include a display, a processor, and memory communicatively coupled with the processor. The memory may include instructions, which, when executed by the processor cause the processor to display data in accordance with the embodiments described above. The computer system may also comprise data storage to store the data.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings.
Illustrative embodiments in accordance with the invention are illustrated in the drawings in which:
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form.
In some embodiments, the system 100 may also include a network 120. The network may can be any type of network familiar to those skilled in the art that can support data communications using any of a variety of commercially-available protocols, including without limitation TCP/IP, SNA, IPX, AppleTalk, and the like. Merely by way of example, the network 120 maybe a local area network (“LAN”), such as an Ethernet network, a Fiber Channel network, a Token-Ring network and/or the like; a wide-area network; a virtual network, including without limitation a virtual private network (“VPN”); the Internet; an intranet; an extranet; a public switched telephone network (“PSTN”); an infra-red network; a wireless network (e.g., a network operating under any of the IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols, the Bluetooth™ protocol known in the art, and/or any other wireless protocol); and/or any combination of these and/or other networks.
The system may also include one or more server computers 125, 130. One server may be a web server 125, which may be used to process requests for web pages or other electronic documents from user computers 105, 110, and 120. The web server can be running an operating system including any of those discussed above, as well as any commercially-available server operating systems. The web server 125 can also run a variety of server applications, including HTTP servers, FTP servers, CGI servers, database servers, Java servers, and the like.
The system 100 may also include one ore more file and or/application servers 130, which can, in addition to an operating system, include one or more applications accessible by a client running on one or more of the user computers 105, 110, 115. The server(s) 130 may be one or more general purpose computers capable of executing programs or scripts in response to the user computers 105, 110 and 115. As one example, the server(s) 130 may execute one or more web applications. The web application may be implemented as one or more scripts or programs written in any programming language, such as Java™, C, C#™ or C++, and/or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python, or TCL, as well as combinations of any programming/scripting languages. The application server(s) 130 may also include database servers, including without limitation those commercially available from Oracle, Microsoft, Sybase™ IBM™ and the like, which can process requests from database clients running on a user computer 105, 110, 115.
In some embodiments, an application server 130 may create web pages dynamically for displaying user data. The web pages created by the web application server 130 may be forwarded to a user computer 105 via a web server 125. Similarly, the web server 125 can receive web page requests and/or input data from a user computer 105 and can forward the web page requests and/or input data to the web application server 130. In alternate embodiments, application server 130 may implement a Graphical User Interface (GUI), other than a web application, to display data.
In further embodiments, the server 130 may function as a file server. Although for ease of description,
The system 100 may also include a database 135. The database 135 may reside in a variety of locations. By way of example, database 135 may reside on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) one or more of the computers 105, 110, 115, 125, 130. Alternatively, it may be remote from any or all of the computers 105, 110, 115, 125, 130, and in communication (e.g., via the network 120) with one or more of these. In a particular set of embodiments, the database 135 may reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilled in the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functions attributed to the computers 105, 110, 115, 125, 130 may be stored locally on the respective computer and/or remotely, as appropriate. In one set of embodiments, the database 135 may be a relational database, such as Oracle 10g™, that is adapted to store, update, and retrieve data in response to SQL-formatted commands.
The computer system 200 may additionally include a computer-readable storage media reader 225; a communications system 230 (e.g., a modem, a wireless or wired network card, an infra-red communication device, etc.); and working memory 240, which may include RAM and ROM devices as described above. In some embodiments, the computer system 200 may also include a processing acceleration unit 235, which can include a DSP, a special-purpose processor and/or the like.
The computer-readable storage media reader 225 can further be connected to a computer-readable storage medium, together (and, optionally, in combination with storage device(s) 220) comprehensively representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storage devices plus storage media for temporarily and/or more permanently containing computer-readable information. The communications system 230 may permit data to be exchanged with a network and/or any other computer.
The computer system 200 may also comprise software elements, shown as being currently located within a working memory 240, including an operating system 245 and/or other code 250, such as an application program. It should be appreciate that alternate embodiments of a computer system 200 may have numerous variations from that described above. For example, customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, such as applets), or both. Further, connection to other computing devices such as network input/output devices may be employed.
An exemplary embodiment of a data viewer that may be used to view multidimensional data is illustrated in
One of the columns 302 may be used to display data having multiple hierarchical levels having at least one data dimension in common. As illustrated in
In one view, the hierarchical data may be collapsed as shown in
Data for a first plurality of rows 320 is displayed in a graphical format. By way of example, the graphical format may comprise graphical bars. The graphical bars may take up less vertical screen area than textual data and may thus provide for the display of larger amounts of data on a single screen. Numerical data (e.g., availability 304, average response time 306, slowest response time 308) may be displayed so that the length of the bar indicates a larger number. Graphical bars (or other type of graphical format) may also be used for attributes having a pre-defined number of allowable values (yes/no, available/offline, etc.). For example, the status 310 of the web site target may be displayed as graphical bars with an available status equated to a first numerical value (with a first bar length) and an offline status equated to a second numerical value (with a second bar length). Alternately, graphical bars may be indented to indicate different allowable values. Character data may also be displayed in graphical format to indicate information, such as the starting letter of the character data. This may be accomplished in any number of ways. For instance, the length of a graphical bar may indicate the position in the alphabet of the starting character or graphical bars may be indented to indicate the position in the alphabet of the starting character.
Hierarchical data may also be displayed in graphical format to indicate the hierarchical position of the cell data. In one embodiment, graphical bars may be used to display hierarchical level information. As will be illustrated in later figures, the hierarchical level of the data may be indicated by indenting the graphical bars for lower hierarchical levels. Alternately, the hierarchy level may be indicated by a length of the graphical bar. In
As illustrated by row 322, a second set of the data may be displayed in textual format. A user may select which data to display in the textual format. By way of example, the user may “single-click”, “double-click”, “right-click” or use another mechanism to indicate which rows of data should be displayed in textual format. The rows of data may or may not be contiguous to each other. The user may also be able to select to display one or more columns or one or more individual cells in textual format. The display of data in the textual format may cause the size of the cell(s) displayed in textual format to increase in order to display the text in a readable size. In some embodiments, in addition to the textual values, the graphical format may also be displayed (e.g., above/below/right/left of textual values or textual value may be displayed inside the graphical format).
A user may also be able to select to display the data for a row 324 in a status line 326. For instance, a user may position a cursor (“roll-over”) on a row of data, which may cause the data viewer 300 to display the textual values of the data in status line 326. Within the table, the data may continue to be displayed in graphical format. The status line 326 could, in other embodiments, appear within the displayed table of data, at the bottom of the displayed data, or in another location.
As will be described in more detail with reference to
Data viewer 300 may also provide the ability for a user to sort the data by a sort column 306. An indicator 340 may be displayed to show the current sort column. In some instances, indicator 340 may also indicate whether the data is sorted in ascending (e.g., up arrow indicator) or descending order (e.g., down arrow indicator). The sort column may be selected by “single-clicking” or “double-clicking” on a column header or by another mechanism. The sort order may be switched from ascending to descending (or visa versa) by selecting the sort column a second time. Data may be sorted to maintain the display of the hierarchical relationships of rows of data, so that hierarchical relationships may be easily viewed. Thus, the data may first be sorted at the highest hierarchical level. Data associated with lower hierarchical levels (descendent data) may then be sorted within their respective parent data category. In some embodiments, a secondary sorting capability may be provided, in which additional columns may also be selected to sort rows by the selected additional columns.
Other functionality may also be provided by data viewer 300. As one example, a mechanism 350 may be provided for the user to expand the hierarchy to display data at all hierarchical levels associated with column 302. Another mechanism 352 may be provided for the user to collapse all hierarchical levels and only display data at the top hierarchical level. A mechanism 360 (e.g., a button) may also be provided to reset the table to a default format. As will be described in further detail below with reference to
The configuration interface 400 may also provide an option for the user to configure the top hierarchy level 408 to display. Thus, the user may select to view only data at the top hierarchy level and below. Data at hierarchical levels above the selected top hierarchy level 408 is not displayed. In other embodiments, the user may select specific hierarchical levels to display, or the user may select to view only data at a bottom hierarchy level and above.
One or more option(s) may also be provided in configuration interface 400 to configure display preferences. As one example, the configuration interface may include an area 410 to configure the display of the data attributes. Area 410 may include the column (attribute) names 412 available for display. For each of the columns, the user may use an indicator, such as a checkbox or other suitable mechanism, to indicate whether to display 414 the attribute. Checkboxes or other mechanisms may also be provided to configure or change the justification 416 of one or more columns (e.g., set the justification as right justify). The justification option 416 may override a default justification (e.g., left justify). As will be illustrated with reference to
Additional options may also be provided to configure threshold values for one or more attributes. By way of example, options 418 (e.g., a mechanism such as a text box), may be provided for one or more of the attributes to configure a minimum threshold value. Data values that are below the minimum threshold may be displayed in a different format, such as a different color, highlighted, or otherwise visually convey that the data values fall below the minimum threshold value. Similarly, options 420 may be provided for one or more of the attributes to configure a maximum threshold value and values above the maximum threshold value may be displayed in a different format to visually convey the data value exceeds the configured maximum threshold value. In some embodiments, an option 418 may be provided to reset the threshold values to default values.
Configuration interface may also include one or more option(s) to display descendent information as attribute(s).
Configuration interface 400 may further include options to configure the display of graphical values 430. By way of example, in embodiments in which the graphical values are displayed as graphical bars, a first configuration option 432 may be provided to configure the height of the graphical bars. An additional option 434 may also be provided to configure the spacing between the graphical bars. In other embodiments, configuration interface 400 may include options to change the format of the graphical display and/or appropriately configure different types of graphical formats.
As previously described, threshold values may be configured for one or more attributes. An area may be provided to configure the format of data that is below minimum threshold values or above maximum threshold values. In one embodiment, area 440 may be used to configure the color to display values outside the threshold parameters. A first option 442 may be provided to select the color to display values below minimum thresholds and a second option 444 may be provided to select the color to display values above maximum thresholds. Alternately, the color preferences 442, 444 may be set differently for each attribute. In alternate embodiments, configuration interface may provide other types of formatting choices, such as highlighting or blinking, to display values outside thresholds. Additionally, in some embodiments, threshold values may be set for specific rows and/or hierarchy levels. In these cases, the threshold settings for rows may supercede those specified for a column, in those intersecting data elements defined by a row and column.
Configuration interface 400 further provides a configuration option 452 to configure the display length of character data when it is in non-graphical format. In the exemplary embodiment of web performance data, the character data is limited to the “target” attribute, but in alternate embodiments, additional attributes may also be character data. A user may be able to select from a drop-down list or other mechanism to display the character data full length, or other lengths, such as 5, 10, or 15 characters. The chosen option may change the displayed width of columns associated with character data. By configuring the display length of character data, users may decide between seeing more detailed information (full character name) at the expense of more screen space (possibly necessitating scrolling) or less detailed information with less screen space taken up by the character data.
After a user has completed use of the configuration interface 400, a mechanism 460 (e.g., an “OK” button) may be provided to apply all the changes made, close the configuration interface, and re-display the data using the selected configuration options. A second mechanism 462 (e.g., an “Apply” button) may be provided to apply the changes made, but continue the display of configuration interface 400 for potential additional changes. A third mechanism 464 (e.g., a “Cancel” button) may be provided to undo any configuration changes made, close the configuration interface 400 and return to the previous display of data.
It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, configuration interface 400 may include fewer, additional, or different options than those discussed with reference to
Descendent information is displayed as attributes in columns 512, 514. Column 512 displays the number of children (direct descendents that are at one hierarchical level below the associated row data) and column 514 displays the total number of descendents. “My Bike Shop” displayed in row 502 has 14 children (displayed in rows 504) and 28 total descendents. As can be appreciated, one or more of the target data values in rows 504 also has descendents.
A mechanism 508 is displayed to provide the user the ability to collapse the display of the hierarchical data, so that descendent rows 504 of row 502 are not displayed. Mechanism 508 may also indicate (e.g., by a minus sign) row 502 has been expanded to display descendent rows 506. If mechanism 508 is activated to collapse the display of hierarchical data, the display of mechanism may change to indicate that descendent data exists (e.g., changed to a plus sign) and mechanism 508 may then be used to expand the data to display the descendents 504. In the illustrated embodiment, mechanisms are not displayed to indicate whether a row has descendent data when the data is displayed in graphical format (as currently illustrated by rows 504). Mechanisms, such as mechanism 508, are displayed when the data is in textual format (row 502). A mechanism is not displayed for row 506 (associated with target attribute value “App3”) as it has no descendents. This may provide for the conservation of screen space. However, alternate embodiments may display or otherwise indicate which rows have descendent data when the data is in graphical format. Additionally, in some embodiments, the expansion of a row of data to display data at lower hierarchy levels may result in the expansion of all descendents, not just child descendents.
The data displayed in data viewer 500 is currently being sorted in descending order by the average response time attribute 516 as indicated by an indicator 520 (e.g., down arrow) 520 displayed in the header of column 516. Data is sorted according to hierarchical levels. First, the data at the top hierarchy level is sorted by the sort column 516. Descendent data at hierarchy levels below the top hierarchy level are then sorted within their respective parent hierarchy level. Thus, the display of the hierarchical relationships between rows of data is maintained. In
The selected data 610 includes the data associated with target “My Bike Shop” (row 612) and two rows 612, 614 having descendent data. A minus sign 622 is displayed to indicate the data associated with row 612 (target “My Bike Shop”) has descendent data associated with it and that the data display is currently expanded to display the descendent data. By clicking on the minus sign 622, the user may collapse the display of the descendent data associated with “My Bike Shop”. Similarly, a plus sign 624 is displayed to indicate the data associated with row 614 (target “Storefront Page”, which is a child of “My Bike Shop”) has associated descendent data and that the descendent data is not currently displayed. A user may click on the plus sign 624 to expand the displayed data to include the descendent data. It should be appreciated that alternate mechanisms may also be used to expand/collapse the display of descendent data and/or to indicate whether the descendent data is currently displayed.
For the data displayed as graphical bars, the reverse justification of columns 702, 704 may produce a tree effect for the data values. This type of display may facilitate the perception of relationships between the data values of these columns. In the example data of
The selection of a row of data may be detected 804. A user may have selected a row by “clicking” on a row of data. One or more of the attribute values for the data may be displayed in graphical format. Upon detection 804 of the data selection, the data values may be displayed 806 in a status line in textual format.
The method may also include the detection 808 of a focus area selection (e.g., by detecting a “roll-over” or other mechanism activated by a user to select a focus area). The data selected for focus may have been displayed 802 in graphical format. Upon detection 808 of the focus area selection, the data associated with the selected focus area may be re-displayed 810 in textual format. In some instances, the size of the cell or row displaying the data values may increase to accommodate the display of the textual data in a readable size. In other embodiments, this displayed row may appear at the bottom of, or floating over the displayed graphical table image. Thus, in some cases, the entire table image or other portions of the table image may need to be re-displayed.
One or more of the rows of data selected in the focus area may have associated descendent data (data at a lower hierarchy level than the value in the row's hierarchical column that shares at least one common data dimension with the value). A mechanism 812 may be displayed for each of these rows to allow a user to view the descendent data. Alternately, mechanism(s) may be displayed for all rows having descendent data, regardless of whether the data in the row is displayed in textual or graphical format.
An activation of one of the mechanisms one of the rows is detected 814. The additional descendent data associated with the row having the activated mechanism is displayed 816. By way of example, the descendent data rows may be displayed as rows immediately below the parent data row. In some embodiments, the activation of the mechanism may result in only the display of child data rows (e.g., data at a hierarchical level immediately below the parent data). The mechanism associated with the parent row may be changed to display 818 a mechanism to collapse the display and remove the descendent rows of data from the displayed data.
The method may further include the detection 820 of the activation of an expand all hierarchy levels mechanism. This may result in the display 822 of all additional rows of data at all hierarchy levels. These additional rows may be displayed 822 immediately following the parent rows to indicate the hierarchical relationships between the rows. By way of example, the descendent data may be displayed 822 as indented graphical bars or other symbols, the indented position indicating the hierarchical level of the descendent data.
It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, a great number of variations may be made to the exemplary method described above. For instance, the method may not include all of the illustrated blocks or the blocks may be performed in a different order. As another example, additional or different interactions may occur that use the same or additional functionality provided by a data viewer.
Selection(s) may then be received to change one or more of the configuration options. One of the received changes may be to change 904 a display mode configuration option. By way of example, the display mode configuration selection may be to display the data previously displayed in the graphical format in a graphical format with textual values (e.g., displaying textual values above/below, left/right, or within graphical format). Another configuration option may be received to set 906 the top hierarchy level for the displayed data. This option may result in the display of data including only the data at hierarchical levels at or below the configured top hierarchy level. In other embodiments, configuration options may allow the user to set specific hierarchy levels for display, or may allow display of data at a specified or higher level of hierarchy.
The method may also include receiving configuration option(s) selecting 908 the columns (data attributes) to be displayed in the data viewer. Thus, columns associated with data attributes may be added or removed from the display according to the preferences of the user. In some instances, the user may also select 908 to display columns indicating a number of children and/or descendents of data. Format options (e.g., justification) for columns may also be selected 910 using configuration interface.
Additional configuration options may be received to set 912 threshold values for data. Maximum and/or minimum threshold values may be set 912 for one or more of the attributes. Data that exceeds maximum threshold values or is less than minimum threshold values may be displayed in a different format to indicate the data is outside a threshold value. In one embodiment, the data may be displayed in a different color. Thus, a configuration option may be received to set 914 the color(s) to display data that falls outside threshold values. In alternate embodiments, different or additional formatting options may be set to display values outside threshold parameters.
Graphic display option(s) may also be set 916. For instance, graphic display option(s) may be set to indicate a graphical format to use to display graphical values. In some embodiments, the graphical format may be horizontal graphical bars. In these embodiments, graphical display option(s) may be set to change the vertical height and/or spacing of the graphical bars. Thus, the user may decide whether to display larger amounts of data (using smaller vertical heights and spacing) or to display less data that may possibly be more comprehensible to a user, but may necessitate scrolling to view all data.
Additional configuration option(s) may also be set 918, such as option(s) previously described with reference to
In the foregoing description, for the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described. Additionally, the methods may include fewer, additional, or different blocks than those described. The methods may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in sequences of machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a machine, such as a general-purpose or special-purpose processor or logic circuits programmed with the instructions to perform the methods. These machine-executable instructions may be stored on one or more machine readable mediums, such as CD-ROMs or other type of optical disks, floppy diskettes, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or other types of machine-readable mediums suitable for storing electronic instructions. Alternatively, the methods may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.
While illustrative and presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited by the prior art.
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