Patent Application
20230108226
Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure pertain to the art of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) converters, and more specifically to DC output voltage regulation in a converter for air conditioning systems.
Air conditioning systems often employ an AC-DC converter to convert multiphase, AC input voltage (main or grid power) to a DC output voltage. Existing converters often operate in a closed loop fashion, where the DC output voltage command is preset in the control architecture and actual DC output voltage is regulated by the closed control loop to match the reference command. In other words, the DC output voltage is fixed by the DC output voltage command. This can result in unnecessarily high DC output voltage, which is detrimental to the life span of sensitive components in the converter.
According to an embodiment, a converter for an air conditioning system including a rectifier section configured to receive an AC input voltage; a voltage regulator section coupled to the rectifier section, the voltage regulator section configured to control a DC output voltage across a positive DC bus and a negative DC bus; and a controller in communication with the rectifier section and the voltage regulator section, the controller configured to control the converter such that the DC output voltage is greater than AC input voltage by an offset.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a fixed amount.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a variable amount.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a percentage of the AC input voltage.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a variable amount in response to load or speed of a compressor of the air conditioning system.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the converter is a Vienna rectifier.
According to another embodiment, an air conditioning system includes a compressor, condenser and evaporator; an inverter providing a multiphase, AC output voltage to the compressor; a converter configured to generate a DC output voltage across a positive DC bus and a negative DC bus, the DC output voltage supplied to the inverter; the converter including: a rectifier section configured to receive an AC input voltage; a voltage regulator section coupled to the rectifier section, the voltage regulator section configured to control the DC output voltage across the positive DC bus and the negative DC bus; and a controller in communication with the rectifier section and the voltage regulator section, the controller configured to control the converter such that the DC output voltage is greater than AC input voltage by an offset.
According to another embodiment, a method of controlling a converter in an air conditioning system includes monitoring an AC input voltage; monitoring a DC output voltage between a positive DC bus and a negative DC bus; controlling the converter such that the DC output voltage is greater than AC input voltage by an offset.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a fixed amount.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a variable amount.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a percentage of the AC input voltage.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the offset is a variable amount in response to load or speed of a compressor of the air conditioning system.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include wherein the converter is a Vienna rectifier.
Additional technical features and benefits are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed subject matter. For a better understanding, refer to the detailed description and to the drawings.
The following descriptions should not be considered limiting in any way. With reference to the accompanying drawings, like elements are numbered alike:
A detailed description of one or more embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and method are presented herein by way of exemplification and not limitation with reference to the Figures.
The air conditioning system 100 includes a variable speed motor 102 that is coupled to a compressor 104. The compressor 104 includes an impeller/rotor that rotates and compresses liquid refrigerant to a superheated refrigerant vapor for delivery to a condenser 106. In the condenser 106, the refrigerant vapor is liquefied at high pressure and rejects heat (e.g., to the outside air via a condenser fan in an air-cooled application). The liquid refrigerant exiting condenser 106 is delivered to an evaporator 108 through an expansion valve 107. The refrigerant passes through the expansion valve 107 where a pressure drop causes the high-pressure liquid refrigerant to achieve a lower pressure combination of liquid and vapor. As fluid passes the evaporator 108, the low-pressure liquid refrigerant evaporates, absorbing heat from the fluid, thereby cooling the fluid and evaporating the refrigerant. The low-pressure refrigerant is again delivered to compressor 104 where it is compressed to a high-pressure, high temperature gas, and delivered to condenser 106 to start the refrigeration cycle again. It is to be appreciated that while a specific air conditioning system is shown in
As shown in
The converter 200 includes a voltage regulator section 330 having a plurality of voltage regulator legs. The number of voltage regulator legs equals the number of phases of the multiphase, AC input voltage 177, shown as phases R, S and T at the input to the voltage regulator section 330. Each voltage regulator leg includes a pair of switches. As shown in
A controller 340 monitors one or more parameters of the converter 200 and controls switches 20-25 accordingly. The controller 340 may be implemented using a general-purpose microprocessor executing a computer program stored on a storage medium to perform the operations described herein. Alternatively, the controller 340 may be implemented in hardware (e.g., ASIC, FPGA) or in a combination of hardware/software. The controller 340 may also be part of an air conditioning control system. The controller 340 provides control signals to switches 20-25 of the voltage regulator section 330. The control signals may be pulse width modulation (PWM) signals, as known in the art.
The DC output voltage of the converter 200 is provided across the positive DC bus 321 and the negative DC bus 322. The DC output voltage of the converter 200 is provided to the inverter 110. The inverter 110 may be implemented using known multilevel, multiphase inverter topologies (e.g., a 3 level, multiphase, T-type inverter). The output of the inverter 110 is a multiphase, AC output voltage which is provided to the phase windings of the motor 102. The inverter 110 may be controlled by the controller 340 using known signaling (e.g., PWM control).
The controller 340 operates the converter 200 to control the DC output voltage across the positive DC bus 321 and the negative DC bus 322 as a function of a magnitude of the multiphase, AC input voltage 177. One or more sensors 402 are used to monitor a magnitude of the multiphase, AC input voltage 177. A sensor 402 may be used for each phase (e.g., R, S, and T) or a single sensor 402 may be used on a single phase. The one or more sensors 402 provide a magnitude (e.g., voltage) of the multiphase, AC input voltage 177 to the controller 340, by a wired and/or wireless connection.
A second sensor 404 is used to monitor a magnitude of the positive DC bus 321. The second sensor 404 provides a magnitude (e.g., voltage) of the positive DC bus 321 to the controller 340, by a wired and/or wireless connection. A third sensor 406 is used to monitor a magnitude of the negative DC bus 322. The second sensor 406 provides a magnitude (e.g., voltage) of the negative DC bus 322 to the controller 340, by a wired and/or wireless connection.
At 504, the controller 340 monitors the positive and negative DC bus voltages via sensors 404 and 406. Unless stated otherwise, the DC output voltage is the difference between the positive DC bus voltage and the negative DC bus voltage.
At 506, the controller 340 controls the DC output voltage match the reference for the DC output voltage. The controller 340 controls the DC output voltage by providing control signals to switches 20-25. For example, the controller 340 may provide control signals to switches 20-25 so that the DC output voltage equals the reference and is greater than the AC input voltage by the offset. While the air conditioning system 100 is operation, the method flows back to 502 for continuous control to the DC output voltage.
Embodiments of this disclosure provide a new way to control the DC output voltage for a power electronics converter for better life of electronics used in the power electronics converter. The automated approach to controlling the DC output voltage reduces voltage stress on the internal components and enhances the life of the sensitive electronics.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof
While the present disclosure has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this present disclosure, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 63/251,235 filed Oct. 1, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63251235 | Oct 2021 | US |
