Throughout the world's major economies, smart lighting and digital ceiling initiatives are leading to significant changes in building lighting and power distribution. In particular, there has been a proliferation of light-emitting diode (LED) lighting options and competing smart lighting topologies in the marketplace as the demand for more efficient and more capable lighting solutions has increased. Smart lighting systems, which enable automatic control and adjustment of building lighting, are growing rapidly in popularity. These smart lighting systems generally comprise (i) luminary components (e.g., bulbs, fixtures) and (ii) a variety of control and communication components (e.g., drivers, ballasts, gateways, etc.). LEDs, for example, have become particularly popular as the luminary component for smart lighting systems. In comparison to conventional lighting technologies, LEDs consume less power, have a longer life, are more versatile, and have improved color quality. Control and communication components, however, are offered as part of a number of smart lighting platforms and topologies having various drawbacks.
As just some examples,
Thus, there is an on-going need in the art for improved power management systems for powering lighting and other building features. In particular, there is a need for improved system control and flexibility, an integrated architecture with minimal components, improved ease of installation, improved ease of maintenance, improved safety, and reduced cost.
Reference will now be made to the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:
Various embodiments of the present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are shown. Indeed, these inventions may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. The term “or” is used herein in both the alternative and conjunctive sense, unless otherwise indicated. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to a power management and smart lighting system that enables efficient distribution of DC power to various building features, including LED lighting. According to various embodiments, the power management system includes an intelligent power supply unit configured to convert AC power drawn from a building load center into a deadband DC waveform. The deadband DC power generated by the intelligent power supply unit is then transmitted over power-with-Ethernet cables to a plurality of distributed intelligent drivers, each configured to intelligently power one or more LED troffers. In various embodiments, the intelligent drivers are daisy-chained to one another by the power-with-Ethernet cables, enabling a power-ring architecture. To enable easy control of the drivers, intelligent sensors are distributed throughout the topology and connected to the drivers over power-with-Ethernet cables to enable a wide array of lighting control options.
As explained in greater detail herein, the intelligent power supply unit (iPSU) and distributed, daisy-chained intelligent drivers (iDrivers) improve the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the power management system. For example, because the iPSU is configured to convert AC power into a deadband DC waveform—which includes regular periods of zero-voltage dead time—the transmission of power from the iPSU to the distributed iDrivers presents a reduced risk of arcing, thereby improving the safety of the system as a whole. In addition, various embodiments of the iPSU are provided with a modular configuration that enables the iPSU to be easily scaled for different applications. As explained in greater detail herein, the iPSU is provided with removable power modules, which can be added and removed into the iPSU's chassis as needed in order to provide the necessary capacity for converting AC power into deadband DC power. For this reason, each individual iPSU unit can be used in a variety of power management systems, including both small-scale (e.g., residential) and large-scale (e.g., commercial building) systems.
In various embodiments, the distributed iDrivers are connected to one another—and ultimately to the iPSU—by power-with-Ethernet (PWE) cables and connectors. The power-with-Ethernet cables are each comprised, for example, of two power conductor cables, two twisted pairs of data communication cables, and two additional untwisted data communication cables. As explained in greater detail herein, the inclusion of separate power and data communication cables within the PWE cable enables efficient transmission of power alongside uninterrupted data communication. As an example, the use of PWE cables in the power management system enables a large number of iDrivers to be daisy-chained together (unlike, for example, conventional power-over-Ethernet systems, which are more power limited and require each driver to be separately wired back to a central switch). This improves ease of installation and improves the flexibility in the system's architecture and design. Moreover, when the iDrivers are daisy-chained with a continuous power-ring architecture, the power management system has improved resistance to system vulnerabilities (e.g., a fault or break at one point in the daisy-chain ring can be circumvented by communication with a particular iDriver around the opposite side of the ring). Additionally, the use of separate, dedicated communication wires enables the communication between the iPSU, iDrivers, and other system components using high bandwidth protocols, such as Ethernet. As a result, larger amounts of data can be exchanged as compared with lower bandwidth protocols.
According to various embodiments, the LED troffers 5 shown in
According to various embodiments, the power management system's iDrivers 100 are each configured to receive deadband DC power generated by the iPSU 300. As an example,
According to various embodiments, the intelligent power supply unit (iPSU) 300 is configured to generate deadband DC power for distribution to the power management system's iDrivers 100, serve as a control and data aggregation center for the power management system, and act as a communications gateway to enable data transmission between system components (e.g., iDrivers 100) and remote systems outside of the power management system (e.g., remote computers or other devices). As discussed in detail below, the iPSU 300 is also provided with a modular configuration that allows it to be easily scaled up (or down) to accommodate various power requirements for various environments, including commercial and residential scale applications.
Referring back to
According to various embodiments, the iPSU's power modules 320 are switch mode power supplies configured to convert AC power drawn from the building load center 4 into deadband DC power (e.g., a rectified sine wave having deadband periods as shown in
As will be appreciated from the description herein, the iPSU 300 can be scaled to handle various thresholds of power by adding or removing power modules 320. For example, in the illustrated embodiment of
According to various embodiments, the iPSU's aggregator module 340 is configured to control the operation of the iPSU 300, orchestrate user policies, collect and perform edge mining on all sensor data, host installer and maintainer applications, and generally function as a communications gateway between the remaining components of the power management system (e.g., the iDrivers 100, iSensors 600, etc.) and remote devices (e.g., computers configured for interoperability with the iPSU 300). In the illustrated embodiment of
As noted earlier with respect to
According to various embodiments, each PWE cable 200 is comprised of two power conductors, two twisted pairs of conductors for data communication, and two additional untwisted data communication conductors.
According to various embodiments, the PWE cable's power conductors 202 are configured to transmit the deadband DC power generated by the iPSU 300 throughout the power management system. Separately, the twisted pairs of data communication conductors 204 and untwisted data communication conductors 208 are configured to enable data communication the between the iDrivers 100, iSensors 600, iRouters 700, remote i/O modules 800, and the iPSU 300. In particular, the data communication conductors may serve as an Ethernet up link, Ethernet down link, and local communication line, respectively. For example, in one embodiment, instructions from the iPSU to specific iDrivers 100 (e.g., to power on, power off, or dim an LED troffer 5) can be transmitted via the twisted pairs of data communication conductors 204 (or, alternatively, untwisted data communication conductors 208. Additional data communication, such as for the purpose of monitoring the status and performance of the iDrivers 100 and iSensors 600, can also be transmitted along the remaining data communication conductors. In various embodiments, by providing separate, isolated conductors for power and data communication, the power generated by the iPSU 300 can be distributed uninterrupted along the PWE cables 200 to the iDrivers 300. The dedicated power cables in the PWE cable 200 also enable higher wattages to be transmitted over the PWE cable 200 (e.g., in comparison to more limited methods, such as power-over-Ethernet).
The PWE cable's female and male PWE connectors 120, 130 are shown in
The female PWE connector 120 also includes an upper data connector protrusion 123 and a lower data connector protrusion 126. Both the upper and lower data connector protrusions extend outwardly from the connector 120 and are disposed at least partially between the power connector protrusions 121. As shown in
Likewise, the lower data connector protrusion 126 includes three electrical contacts disposed in a recessed fashion within the lower data connector protrusion 126. According to various embodiments, two of the lower data connector's electrical contacts are electrically connected to one of the PWE cable's twisted pairs of data communication conductors 204, while the third of the upper data connector's electrical contacts are electrically connected to one of the PWE's cables untwisted data communication conductors 208. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the lower data connector protrusion's three electrical contacts are arranged in a triangle, with two of the electrical contacts disposed laterally adjacent to one another and the third electrical contact disposed above and between the first two electrical contacts. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the upper electrical contact is positioned partially between the power connector protrusions 121.
The female PWE connector 120 also includes a pair of laterally disposed fastener tabs 129. As shown in
As shown in
The male PWE connector 130 also includes an upper data connector cavity 133 and a lower data connector cavity 136. As shown in
Likewise, the lower data connector cavity 136 includes three protruding electrical contacts disposed within the lower data connector cavity 136 and arranged in triangular pattern. According to various embodiments, two of the lower data connector cavity's protruding electrical contacts are electrically connected to one of the PWE cable's twisted pairs of data communication conductors 204, while the third of the upper data connector cavity's electrical contacts is electrically connected to one of the PWE's cables untwisted data communication conductors 208. In particular, the lower data connector cavity 136 is dimensioned to receive the lower data connector protrusion 126 of the female PWE connector 120 such that the male connector's data connector electrical contacts are inserted within the female connector's data connector electrical contacts, thereby connecting the data portions of the contacts 120, 130.
The male PWE connector 130 also includes a pair of laterally disposed fastener cavities 139. As shown in
According to various embodiments, based on the design and configuration of the iDrivers 100 and the iPSU 300, the PWE cable 200 may be provided without the twisted pairs of data communication conductors 204 (e.g., in simplified embodiments where the data communication provided by the cables 204 is not necessary).
Referring back to
As shown in
The iDrivers 100 are each configured to be daisy chained to one another—and to the iPSU 300 and other system components—by the PWE cables 200. Via the PWE cables 200, each iDriver 100 receives power and data communications. By daisy chaining the iDrivers 100 using PWE cables 200 (e.g., as shown in
In the illustrated embodiment of
According to various embodiments, the iDrivers 100 are addressable via a DHCP protocol executed by the iPSU 300. As a result, the iPSU 300 can transmit instructions and other data to specific iDrivers 100 along the PWE daisy chain, bypassing iDrivers for which the communication is not intended. In other words, communications to a respective iDriver 100 from the iPSU 300 or other system components are received only by the iDriver 100 to which they are addressed. The ability to automatically address each iDriver 100 also improves the ease with which the power management system can be installed.
In various embodiments, each iDrivers 100 is also configured to automatically detect a load from the LED troffer 5 to which it is connected. For example, in various embodiments the iDriver 100 is configured to automatically measure the forward voltage on output and measure how many LEDs are in its respective drive chain. The iDriver 100 then optimizes voltage based on the output needs. Because the load applied to the iDriver 100 may vary based on the size and output of the LED troffer 5, the ability to auto-detect a load from an LED troffer 5 enables each iDriver 100 to be used for a variety of LED troffer 5 loads. This reduces the number of unique components needed in the system and further improving the ease of installation.
As the iDrivers 100 are daisy chained together along lengths of PWE cable 200, iDrivers 100 positioned further along the daisy chain from the iPSU 300 may experience a slight voltage drop. To compensate for this, each iDriver 100 is configured with a boost function. In particular, the iDriver 100 is configured to detect a reduction in line voltage and step up the voltage to a desired level to appropriate drive the LED troffer 5.
To enable easy control of the iDrivers 100 and LED troffers 5, intelligent sensors (iSensors) 600 are distributed throughout the power management system and connected to the iDrivers (e.g., via PWE cables 200). According to various embodiments, the iSensors 600 are each input-output modules configured for interfacing and powering a wide variety of regular room and occupancy sensors, thereby enabling a wide array of lighting control options. As examples, the iSensors 600 can be configured to interface with conventional room controls and switches (e.g., dimmer switches), remote FOB devices, or other mobile-devices (e.g., phones running lighting control applications). Moreover, the iSensors 600 may themselves be provided with presence sensors (e.g., to turn on lighting upon detection of motion), light level sensors (e.g., to control the output of LED troffers 5 in response to the level of natural light available in the room), and/or temperature sensors. In various embodiments, the iSensors 600 may include both wireless internet and Bluetooth communication devices.
The power management system shown in
As an example, as shown in
According to various embodiments, the power management system disclosed herein can also be integrated with various non-lighting features within a building environment. As an example,
In addition, the power management system depicted in
While this specification contains many specific embodiment details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions described herein, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described herein in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations, one or more features from a combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
Moreover, many modifications and other embodiments of the inventions set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these inventions pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventions are not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/544,672, filed Aug. 11, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/567,497, filed Oct. 3, 2017, the contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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62544672 | Aug 2017 | US | |
62567497 | Oct 2017 | US |