A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. This patent document may show and/or describe matter which is or may become trade dress of the owner. The copyright and trade dress owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright and trade dress rights whatsoever.
Field
This disclosure relates to a door lock and more particularly, to a more robust dead-latching slam bolt door lock especially useful for safes and/or lockers placed inside larger safes.
Description of the Related Art
Safes, or high security containers, come in an infinite array of designs. One primary markets is commercial safes, where safes are often designed and manufactured to the client's requirements. Many of these safes are equipped with a conventional outer safe door, but also have locker(s) inside to facilitate different cash handling methods and processes. Electronic safe locks have evolved rapidly to replace mechanical systems since their introduction in the early 1990s.
There are two fundamental locking systems used in safes:
a. Boltwork Blocking: where a safe door is held closed by robust locking bolts, carried by a common carriage bar. The locking bolts are engaged behind a stationary jamb in the safe body. The boltwork is held in the locked position by a safe lock that prevents the articulation of the common carriage bar. These locks are typically “dead-latching,” meaning they can only be disengaged by the actuating the manual or electronic switch to open the lock. The carriage bar is articulated manually by a rotating or sliding handle mechanism.
b. Direct Locking: where a safe lock directly engages the stationary jamb in the safe body. The locks of this type typically include a spring-biased ramped locking bolt that is depressed as the bolt contacts and passes the stationary jamb, thus making it unnecessary to activate the lock to close the locker door. The bolt action of this type of lock would be similar to a conventional door knob-lock, except the retraction is effected by the electronic locking system controls. These locks are often referred to as “Slam Bolt Locks,” as the closing action causes the spring-biased bolt to push open, then spring back behind the jamb when the door is fully closed. The name signifies that you “Slam” the door to close and lock it without any need for lock articulation.
One problem with existing direct locking slam bolt-type locks is that the contents of a safe may interfere with opening of the lock. That is, a weight applied from inside the safe on the door tends to apply an outward load. The spring-biased bolt is thus pressed outward against the door jamb, which might interfere with its smooth opening. The resulting wear imposed on surfaces that were not intended to be structurally loaded may eventually lead to failure. Further, since the bolt must be free to push in as it contacts the jamb during door closure, it likewise can be pressed in against the spring force when the door is closed, and cannot be dead-latched. This is true for solenoid or knob actuated slam bolt locks and presents a security risk, as opening can be accomplished by using a fishing probe from any opening where access may be made. This is also in contrast to a dead-latching lock which can only be disengaged by actuating the manual or electronic switch to open the lock.
There is thus a need for a more robust dead-latching slam bolt lock.
The present application discloses a more robust dead-latching slam bolt lock that is relatively unaffected by outwardly-directed loads imposed on the door from inside the container. The lock includes a rotating dead-latching slam bolt which prevents attempts at breaking in without actuating the lock mechanism. A tongue or toggle acted on by the door jamb engages the bolt and initiates rotation thereof in the door closing direction, but is passive in the opening direction. The locking mechanism may be manual or electronic, and controls the position of a blocking element which alternately prevents and permits unlocking (rotation) of the rotating bolt. In a forward or blocking position, the blocking element prevents rotation of the bolt from a locked position, while in a retracted position the blocking element permits rotation of the bolt to an unlocked position. A spring detent plunger holds the rotating bolt in either its locked or unlocked positions.
The disclosed lock includes a tongue or toggle, and is specific to the direct-locking door application. The present lock works on the plane of intended action, and is engineered to provide greater holding strength. The present lock actuates in an axial direction following the direction of door travel. It is mechanically stronger in the direction of door motion. The present lock provides better actuation, as it uses a rotational actuation path for the bolt that follows the geometry of the closure mechanics. The present lock is held in the locked position by a strong spring detent plunger that prevents the unintended loads from hindering the lock actuation. The present lock bolt is a rotating component that is blocked by a solenoid or other manual or electro-mechanical actuator. When the actuator is energized, the door can be pulled with moderate force to cause the bolt to “toggle” to the unlocked position. The spring loaded detent plunger works in an “over-center” or “bi-stable” action to also hold the bolt in an unlocked condition one the door is pulled open. There is a spring loaded release bar in the bolt that contacts the jam during closure, which trips the rotating bolt back into the locking position. The present lock is dead-locking, and cannot be articulated without using the intended electronics to actuate the blocking device. Once the lock is actuated, the door is opened by simply pulling on a knob. Once the bolt is locked, it cannot be moved to an unlocked position unless the internal blocking actuator is activated to provide the freedom of motion to rotate open.
Throughout this description, elements appearing in figures are assigned three-digit reference designators, where the most significant digit is the figure number where the element is introduced and the two least significant digits are specific to the element. An element that is not described in conjunction with a figure may be presumed to have the same characteristics and function as a previously-described element having the same reference designator.
The present application discloses an improved direct-latching lock of the slam-bolt variety. The lock partly relies on a tongue or toggle, and thus will be termed a “toggle lock” herein. The toggle lock is especially beneficial for use on lockers placed within larger safes, but may also be used as a safe lock as well as a lock for any door closure. The bolt for the toggle lock preferably rotates, though a linearly-actuated bolt for a toggle lock otherwise having the same features is contemplated; thus the term “displacement” for the bolt encompasses any possible form of movement.
As mentioned above, there are two main drawbacks to this simple design. First, the bolt 32 is not dead-latching, meaning it can be retracted laterally in the actuation direction into its unlocked position through the use of a thin tool or other such device (think of a credit card used to push back a conventional slam bolt lock in the door of a structure). Secondly, any loads imposed on the inside of the lock 22 or door panel 24 in the opening force direction tends to cause the bolt 32 to press against the door jamb 30. This interferes with the operation of the opening solenoid and may even prevent the lock 22 from functioning properly or ultimately cause damage to the lock 22.
The toggle lock body 54 preferably mounts to the door panel 44 via a mounting plate 58 extending out from the body and having holes through which a plurality of Allen bolts 60 extend. More preferably, the body 54 has a plurality of outwardly-extending flanges (not shown) with elongated holes that align with the mounting plate 58 holes so that the body 54 may be adjusted laterally with respect to the door panel 44 before the bolts 60 are tightened. A small pointer 61 on the mounting plate 58 registers with a series of position markings on the body 54 for this purpose.
A spring-loaded detent plunger 66 has a lower end 68 rotatably mounted to a shaft stub (not numbered) carried by the bolt 52 and an upper end 70 rotatably mounted to another shaft stub (also not numbered) on a solenoid body 72 fixed within the toggle lock body 54. The shaft stub axes are parallel to the axis 64. The lower end 68 of the detent plunger 66 is thus carried by the bolt 52 when it rotates. The detent plunger 66 includes a piston 74 connected to its lower end 68 that slides within a cylinder 76 connected to its upper end 70, with a relatively strong spring 78 interposed therebetween to bias the piston out of the cylinder. The shaft stub on the bolt 52 to which the lower end 68 mounts traces an arc of rotation 80 that comes closest to the shaft stub on the solenoid body 72 at about a mid-point of travel of the bolt 52. In this way, the spring-loaded detent plunger 66 applies opposite rotational forces to the bolt 52 depending on whether the bolt is in its locked or unlocked positions. That is, the spring 78 causes the piston 74 to extend from the cylinder 76 and hold the bolt 52 in its locked and unlocked positions. The bi-stable nature of the detent plunger 66 keeps the bolts 52 advanced with the door is closed and retracted with the door is open.
Finally,
Imposition of the solenoid shaft 82 behind the direction of travel of the bolt 52 prevents the bolt from rotating in a clockwise (CW) direction. The solenoid body 72 preferably has a direct drive solenoid coil and magnet within that has a relaxed state when the solenoid shaft 82 extends, and when energized pulls the solenoid shaft 82 back into its housing. The solenoid is actuated via signals received by the communication ports 62. This linear movement of the solenoid shaft 82 may also be accomplished by a purely mechanical lock control, as mentioned, and the solenoid shaft 82 may rotate into its locked position rather than translate. Variations on these mechanisms are well known in the art, and the general term “blocking member” will be used to encompass the solenoid shaft 82 as well as other equivalent structures.
Finally,
Some of the lock features and differences are:
a. The present lock works on the plane of intended action, and is engineered to provide greater holding strength. Conventional “Slam Bolt” locks are adaptations of Boltwork Blocking Lock designs, where the intended locking direction is lateral in the direction of the Boltwork travel. These locks were never intended to be used where the forces are imposed in the axial direction, only lateral. Consequently, they are weak and easily broken or defeated in locker door use. In contrast, the present lock actuates in an axial direction following the direction of door travel. It is mechanically stronger in the direction of door motion.
b. The present lock provides better actuation, as it uses a rotational actuation path that follows the geometry of the closure mechanics. Slam bolt locks are loaded in an unnatural direction when the locker doors are pulled. Many times, the doors retain contents like cash bags that impose a load on the inside of the door, pushing the slam bolt into the jamb, impeding the free motion of the bolt to retract, thus causing failed openings. Many slam bolt locks are actuated by a solenoid pulling the bolt into the unlocked position. The present lock is held in the locked position by a strong spring detent plunger that prevents the unintended loads from hindering the lock actuation. Further, in a Slam Bolt lock the bolt is retracted my one of two types of designs, 1) Manual Knob on the face of the door, and 2) by a direct-drive Solenoid that pulls the bolt to the unlocked position. The direction of loads and resulting wear are imposed on surfaces that were not intended to be structurally loaded. The present lock bolt is a rotating component that is blocked by a blocking element controlled by a manual or electro-mechanical actuator such as a direct-drive solenoid. When the actuator is energized, the door can be pulled with moderate force to cause the bolt to “toggle” to the unlocked position. The spring loaded detent plunger works in an “over-center” action to also hold the bolt in an unlocked condition one the door is pulled open. There is a spring loaded release bar in the Bolt that contacts the jam during closure, which trips the rotating bolt back into the locking position.
c. The present lock is dead-locking, and cannot be articulated without using the intended electronics to actuate the blocking device. With a Slam bolt lock, the bolt can be pressed in against spring force, and cannot be dead-latched because it must be free to push in as it contacts the jamb during door closure. This is true for solenoid or knob actuated slam bolt locks. This presents a security risk, as opening can be accomplished by using a fishing probe from any opening where access may be made. The present lock is actuated by the pulling on the door (a pull knob is present, not shown). Once the bolt is locked, it cannot be moved to an unlocked position unless the internal blocking actuator is activated to provide the freedom of motion to rotate open.
Throughout this description, the embodiments and examples shown should be considered as exemplars, rather than limitations on the apparatus and procedures disclosed or claimed. Although many of the examples presented herein involve specific combinations of method acts or system elements, it should be understood that those acts and those elements may be combined in other ways to accomplish the same objectives. Acts, elements and features discussed only in connection with one embodiment are not intended to be excluded from a similar role in other embodiments.
As used herein, “plurality” means two or more. As used herein, a “set” of items may include one or more of such items. As used herein, whether in the written description or the claims, the terms “comprising”, “including”, “carrying”, “having”, “containing”, “involving”, and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” respectively, are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases with respect to claims. Use of ordinal terms such as “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., in the claims to modify a claim element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one claim element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one claim element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the claim elements. As used herein, “and/or” means that the listed items are alternatives, but the alternatives also include any combination of the listed items.
This patent claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from Provisional Patent Application No. 62/248,045, filed Oct. 29, 2015, titled DEAD-LATCHING SLAM BOLT LOCK which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20170122003 A1 | May 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62248045 | Oct 2015 | US |