Patent Grant
12012354
The disclosure relates to a deadfront article for a display, and more particularly to vehicle interior systems including a deadfront article for a display and methods for forming the same.
In various applications involving displays, it is desirable to have a display surface or functional surface having a deadfront appearance. In general, a deadfront appearance is a way of hiding a display or functional surface such that there is a seamless transition between a display and a non-display area, or between the deadfronted area of an article and non-deadfronted area or other surface. For example, in a typical display having a glass or plastic cover surface, it is possible to see the edge of the display (or the transition from display area to non-display area) even when the display is turned off. However, it is often desirable from an aesthetic or design standpoint to have a deadfronted appearance such that, when the display is off, the display and non-display areas present as indistinguishable from each other and the cover surface presents a unified appearance. One application where a deadfront appearance is desirable is in automotive interiors, including in-vehicle displays or touch interfaces, as well as other applications in consumer mobile or home electronics, including mobile devices and home appliances. However, it is difficult to achieve both a good deadfront appearance and, when a display is on, a high-quality display.
In one aspect, embodiments of the disclosure relate to a deadfront article. The deadfront article includes a substrate, a semi-transparent layer, and a contrast layer. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The semi-transparent layer is disposed onto at least a first portion of the second surface of the substrate. Further, the semi-transparent layer has a region of a solid color or of a design of two or more colors. The contrast layer is disposed onto at least a portion of the region. The contrast layer is configured to enhance visibility of the color of the region or to enhance contrast between the colors of the design of the region on the portion of the region on which the contrast layer is disposed.
In another aspect, embodiments of a device incorporating a deadfront article are provided. The device includes a deadfront article having a substrate, a semi-transparent layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate layer, a contrast layer disposed on at least a portion of the semi-transparent layer, and a high optical density layer disposed on at least a portion of the contrast layer. The high optical density layer at least in part defines at least one icon. The device further includes a touch panel located behind the at least one icon.
Another embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of forming a curved deadfront article for a display. The method includes the steps of curving a deadfront article including a glass layer on a support having a curved surface and securing the curved deadfront article to the support such that the deadfront article conforms to a curved shape of the curved surface of the support. During curving and securing the deadfront article, a maximum temperature of the deadfront article is less than a glass transition temperature of the glass layer. Further, the deadfront article includes a semi-transparent layer disposed onto a first surface of the glass layer, and a contrast layer. The semi-transparent layer has a region of a solid color or of a design of two or more colors, and the contrast layer is disposed onto at least a portion of the region. The contrast layer is configured to enhance visibility of the color of the region or to enhance contrast between the colors of the design of the region on the portion of the region on which the contrast layer is disposed.
Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.
Referring generally to the figures, vehicle interior systems may include a variety of different curved surfaces that are designed to be transparent, such as curved display surfaces, and the present disclosure provides articles and methods for forming these curved surfaces. In one or more embodiments, such surfaces are formed from glass materials or from plastic materials. Forming curved vehicle surfaces from a glass material may provide a number of advantages compared to the typical curved plastic panels that are conventionally found in vehicle interiors. For example, glass is typically considered to provide enhanced functionality and user experience for many curved cover material applications, such as display applications and touch screen applications, compared to plastic cover materials.
Further, it is considered desirable in many applications to equip displays, and particularly displays for vehicle interior systems, with a deadfront appearance. In general, a deadfront appearance blocks visibility of underlying display components, icons, graphics, etc. when the display is off, but allows display components to be easily viewed when the display is on or activated (in the case of a touch-enabled display. In addition, an article that provides a deadfront effect (i.e., a deadfront article) can be used to match the color or pattern of the article to adjacent components to eliminate the visibility of transitions from the deadfront article to the surrounding components. This can be especially useful when the deadfront article is a different material from the surrounding components (e.g., the deadfront article is formed from a glass material but surrounded by a leather-covered center console). For example, a deadfront article may have a wood grain pattern or a leather pattern can be used to match the appearance of the display with surrounding wood or leather components of a vehicle interior system (e.g., a wood or leather dashboard) in which the display is mounted.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the formation of a curved glass-based deadfront article utilizing a cold-forming or cold-bending process. As discussed herein, curved glass-based deadfront articles and processes for making the same are provided that avoid the deficiencies of the typical glass hot-forming process. For example, hot-forming processes are energy intensive and increase the cost of forming a curved glass component, relative to the cold-bending processes discussed herein. In addition, hot-forming processes typically make application of glass coating layers, such as deadfront ink or pigment layers, more difficult. For example, many ink or pigment materials cannot be applied to a flat piece of glass material prior to the hot-forming process because the ink or pigment materials typically will not survive the high temperatures of the hot-forming process. Further, application of an ink or pigment material to surfaces of a curved glass article after hot-bending is substantially more difficult than application to a flat glass article.
The embodiments of the deadfront articles described herein can be used in any or all of vehicle interior systems 100, 200 and 300. While
Referring to
As will be discussed in more detail below, deadfront article 400 provides this differential icon display by utilizing one or more colored layers disposed between an outer substrate and a light source. The optical properties of the colored layers are designed such that when the light source is turned off the borders of the icons or other display structures beneath the colored layer are not visible, but when the light source is on, graphics 410 and/or icons 430 are visible. In various embodiments, the deadfront articles discussed herein are designed to provide a high quality deadfront appearance, including high contrast icons with the light source on, combined with a uniform deadfront appearance when the light is off. Further, Applicant provides these various deadfront articles with materials suitable for cold forming to curved shapes, including complex curved shapes, as discussed below.
Referring now to
While the specifics of the substrate 450 will be discussed in greater detail below, in embodiments the substrate 450 has a thickness of from 0.05 to 2.0 mm. In one or more embodiments, the substrate may be a transparent plastic, such as PMMA, polycarbonate and the like, or may include glass material (which may be optionally strengthened). As will also be discussed more fully below, in embodiments the semi-transparent layer 460 is printed onto at least a portion of the inner surface 490 of the substrate 450. In other embodiments, the semi-transparent layer 460 is deposited using non-conductive vacuum metallization. Further, in embodiments, the contrast layer 470 is printed onto at least a portion of the inner surface 490 of the substrate 450 and/or onto at least a portion of the semi-transparent layer 460.
In certain embodiments, such as shown in
As will be discussed more fully below, the opaque layer 510 has high optical density in order to block light transmittance. As used herein, “opaque layer” is used interchangeably with “high optical density layer.” In embodiments, the opaque layer 510 is used to block light from transmitting through certain regions of the deadfront article 400. In certain embodiments, the opaque layer 510 obscures functional or non-decorative elements provided for the operation of the deadfront article 400. In other embodiments, the opaque layer 510 is provided to outline backlit icons and/or other graphics (such as the graphic 410 and/or power button 420 shown in
The opaque layer 510 can be any color; in particular embodiments, though, the opaque layer 510 is black or gray. In embodiments, the opaque layer 510 is applied via screen printing or inkjet printing over the semi-transparent layer 460 and/or over the inner surface 490 of the substrate 450. Generally, the thickness of an inkjet-printed opaque layer 510 is from 1 μm to 5 μm, whereas the thickness of a screen-printed opaque layer 510 is from 5 μm to 20 μm. Thus, a printed opaque layer 510 can have a thickness in the range of from 1 μm to 20 μm. However, in other embodiments, the opaque layer 510 is a metal layer deposited via physical vapor deposition and/or is an optical stack produced using the high/low-index stacking discussed above for color matching.
In embodiments, the optical densities of the layers are tailored to enhance the visibility of the graphics 410, power button 420, and/or icons 430 when the deadfront article 400 is backlit. In particular embodiments, the combined optical density of the semi-transparent layer 460 and the contrast layer 470 in illuminated regions (i.e., the graphic 410, the power button 420, and/or the icons 430) is from 1.0 to 2.1. In other embodiments, the combined optical density is 1.2 to 1.6, and in still other embodiments, the combined optical density is about 1.4. In providing the optical density of the illuminated regions, the optical density of the contrast layer 470 is from 0.9 to 2.0 in embodiments, and the optical density of the semi-transparent layer 460 is 0.1 to 0.5 in embodiments. In the non-illuminated regions (i.e., the regions surrounding the graphic 410, the power button 420, and/or the icons 430), the combined optical density of the semi-transparent layer 460, the contrast layer 470, and the opaque layer 510 is at least 3.4. In providing the optical density of the non-illuminated regions, the optical density of the contrast layer 470 is from 0.9 to 2.0 in embodiments, the optical density of the semi-transparent layer 460 is from 0.1 to 0.5 in embodiments, and the optical density of the opaque layer 510 is at least 2.4 in embodiments. In exemplary embodiments, the optical density of the color layer 650 is from 0.3 to 0.7. Further, in embodiments, the optical density of a particular layer can vary across the layer to provide enhanced contrast or to conserve the ink or material comprising the layer. For example, the optical density of the contrast layer 470 can be lower in illuminated regions than in non-illuminated regions. Additionally, the optical density of the color layer 650 can be lower (or zero) in non-illuminated regions than in illuminated regions.
As shown in
In certain embodiments, the deadfront article 400 is provided with touch functionality as shown in
Upon activation of a toggle switch (e.g., by touching the deadfront article 400 in the region of the transparent conductive film 550), a light source 570 is activated or deactivated 570. In the embodiment of
While the exemplary embodiment of a power button 420 for a display 530 was provided, the touch-functionality is suitable for other features. Continuing with the example of a vehicle, the touch-functionality is suitable for use in controlling a variety of vehicle systems, such as climate control (i.e., heating and air conditioning) systems, radio/entertainment systems, dashboard display panels (for, e.g., speedometer, odometer, trip odometer, tachometer, vehicle warning indicators, etc.), and center console display panels (for, e.g., GPS displays, in-vehicle information, etc.), among others. In
In particular embodiments, the substrate 450 is treated (e.g., via sandblasting, etching, engraving, etc.) in the area of a button to provide tactile feedback to a user's finger. In this way, the user can feel the deadfront article 400 for the button without removing his or her eyes from the road (in road vehicle settings). Further, in embodiments, the toggle switch 560 is provided with a delay of, e.g., one to three seconds so as to avoid accidental activation of the toggle switch 560.
Having described generally the structure of the deadfront article 400, attention will be turned to the semi-transparent layer 460 and the contrast layer 470. As mentioned above, the semi-transparent layer 460 and the contrast layer 470 are disposed on the substrate 450. In embodiments, the semi-transparent layer 460 is printed onto the substrate using a CMYK color model. In embodiments in which the contrast layer is not white, such as gray, the CMYK color model can also be used to print the contrast layer 470. In other embodiments in which the contrast layer 470 is white, color models that incorporate white ink can be used for printing the contrast layer 470. The printed semi-transparent layer 460 and the printed contrast layer 470 each have a thickness of from 1 μm to 6 μm. In embodiments, the color layer 650 also has a thickness of from 1 μm to 6 μm. In embodiments, the contrast layer 470 has a thickness of from 1 μm to 14 μm. Further, in embodiments, the color layer 650 is printed onto the opaque layer 510 and/or the contrast layer 470. In certain embodiments, the color layer 650 is printed onto the opaque layer 510 and/or contrast layer 470 using the CMYK color model.
The ink used for printing the semi-transparent layer 460, the contrast layer 470, and/or the color layer 650 can be thermal or UV cured ink. In particular, the ink is composed of at least one or more colorants and a vehicle. The colorants can be soluble or insoluble in the vehicle. In embodiments, the colorants are dry colorants in the form of a fine powder. Such fine powders have particles that are, in embodiments, from 10 nm to 500 nm in size. Using the CMYK color model, the colorant provides cyan, magenta, yellow, and/or key (black) colors. For white inks, the colorant can be any of a variety of suitable pigments, such as TiO2, Sb2O3, BaSO4, BaSO4:ZnS, ZnO, and (PbCO3)2:Pb(OH)2. The colorants are dissolved or suspended in the vehicle.
The vehicle can serve as a binder to create adhesion to the surface upon which the ink is applied. Further, in embodiments, additives are included in the vehicle specifically for the purpose of improving adhesion to glass/plastic surfaces. Non-limiting examples of vehicles for the colorant include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethylacetamide, and toluene. Generally, such vehicles solidify at temperatures from 80° C. to 200° C. In embodiments, the ink includes from 0.5%-6% by volume of the colorant and 94%-99.5% by volume of the vehicle.
As shown in
The thickness and composition of the contrast layer 470 is tunable to exhibit a particular transmittance in the visible and infrared wavelength range.
Referring to
As shown in
Curved deadfront article 2000 includes a deadfront colored layer 2020 (e.g., the ink/pigment layer(s), as discussed above) located along an inner, major surface of curved outer glass substrate 2010. In general, deadfront colored layer 2020 is printed, colored, shaped, etc. to provide a wood-grain design, a leather-grain design, a fabric design, a brushed metal design, a graphic design, a solid color and/or a logo. However, embodiments of the invention are not limited to these designs or patterns. Curved deadfront article 2000 also may include any of the additional layers 2030 (e.g., high optical density layers, light guide layers, reflector layers, display module(s), display stack layers, light sources, touch panels, etc.) as discussed above or that otherwise may be associated with a display or vehicle interior system as discussed herein.
As will be discussed in more detail below, in various embodiments, curved deadfront article 2000 including glass substrate 2010 and colored layer 2020 may be cold-formed together to a curved shape, as shown in
Referring to
As shown in
In one or more embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 has a thickness (t) that is in a range from 0.05 mm to 2 mm. In various embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 has a thickness (t) that is about 1.5 mm or less. For example, the thickness may be in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.4 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.3 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.2 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1.05 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.95 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.9 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.85 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.8 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.75 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.7 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.65 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.6 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.55 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.5 mm, from about 0.1 mm to about 0.4 mm, or from about 0.3 mm to about 0.7 mm.
In one or more embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 has a width (W) in a range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about 250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, from about 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, from about 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, from about 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, from about 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, from about 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, from about 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, from about 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, from about 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, from about 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, from about 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about 5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cm to about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm to about 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about 150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130 cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, from about 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about 5 cm to about 75 cm.
In one or more embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 has a length (L) in a range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, from about 10 cm to about 250 cm, from about 15 cm to about 250 cm, from about 20 cm to about 250 cm, from about 25 cm to about 250 cm, from about 30 cm to about 250 cm, from about 35 cm to about 250 cm, from about 40 cm to about 250 cm, from about 45 cm to about 250 cm, from about 50 cm to about 250 cm, from about 55 cm to about 250 cm, from about 60 cm to about 250 cm, from about 65 cm to about 250 cm, from about 70 cm to about 250 cm, from about 75 cm to about 250 cm, from about 80 cm to about 250 cm, from about 85 cm to about 250 cm, from about 90 cm to about 250 cm, from about 95 cm to about 250 cm, from about 100 cm to about 250 cm, from about 110 cm to about 250 cm, from about 120 cm to about 250 cm, from about 130 cm to about 250 cm, from about 140 cm to about 250 cm, from about 150 cm to about 250 cm, from about 5 cm to about 240 cm, from about 5 cm to about 230 cm, from about 5 cm to about 220 cm, from about 5 cm to about 210 cm, from about 5 cm to about 200 cm, from about 5 cm to about 190 cm, from about 5 cm to about 180 cm, from about 5 cm to about 170 cm, from about 5 cm to about 160 cm, from about 5 cm to about 150 cm, from about 5 cm to about 140 cm, from about 5 cm to about 130 cm, from about 5 cm to about 120 cm, from about 5 cm to about 110 cm, from about 5 cm to about 100 cm, from about 5 cm to about 90 cm, from about 5 cm to about 80 cm, or from about 5 cm to about 75 cm.
As shown in
In specific embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 is shaped to the curved shape shown in
In some such embodiments in which outer glass substrate 2010 is unstrengthened, the first major surface 2050 and the second major surface 2060 exhibit no appreciable compressive stress, prior to cold-forming. In some such embodiments in which outer glass substrate 2010 is strengthened (as described herein), the first major surface 2050 and the second major surface 2060 exhibit substantially equal compressive stress with respect to one another, prior to cold-forming. In one or more embodiments, after cold-forming (shown, for example, in
Without being bound by theory, the cold-forming process increases the compressive stress of the glass substrate being shaped to compensate for tensile stresses imparted during bending and/or forming operations. In one or more embodiments, the cold-forming process causes the second major surface 2060 to experience compressive stresses, while the first major surface 2050 (e.g., the convex surface following bending) experiences tensile stresses. The tensile stress experienced by surface 2050 following bending results in a net decrease in surface compressive stress, such that the compressive stress in surface 2050 of a strengthened glass sheet following bending is less than the compressive stress in surface 2050 when the glass sheet is flat.
Further, when a strengthened glass substrate is utilized for outer glass substrate 2010, the first major surface and the second major surface (2050,2060) are already under compressive stress, and thus first major surface 2050 can experience greater tensile stress during bending without risking fracture. This allows for the strengthened embodiments of outer glass substrate 2010 to conform to more tightly curved surfaces (e.g., shaped to have smaller R1 values).
In various embodiments, the thickness of outer glass substrate 2010 is tailored to allow outer glass substrate 2010 to be more flexible to achieve the desired radius of curvature. Moreover, a thinner outer glass substrate 2010 may deform more readily, which could potentially compensate for shape mismatches and gaps that may be created by the shape of a support or frame (as discussed below). In one or more embodiments, a thin and strengthened outer glass substrate 2010 exhibits greater flexibility especially during cold-forming. The greater flexibility of the glass substrate discussed herein may allow for consistent bend formation without heating.
In various embodiments, outer glass substrate 2010 (and consequently deadfront article 2000) may have a compound curve including a major radius and a cross curvature. A complexly curved cold-formed outer glass substrate 2010 may have a distinct radius of curvature in two independent directions. According to one or more embodiments, the complexly curved cold-formed outer glass substrate 2010 may thus be characterized as having “cross curvature,” where the cold-formed outer glass substrate 2010 is curved along an axis (i.e., a first axis) that is parallel to a given dimension and also curved along an axis (i.e., a second axis) that is perpendicular to the same dimension. The curvature of the cold-formed outer glass substrate 2010 can be even more complex when a significant minimum radius is combined with a significant cross curvature, and/or depth of bend.
Referring to
In various embodiments, the systems and methods described herein allow for formation of deadfront article 2000 to conform to a wide variety of curved shapes that frame 2110 may have. As shown in
In one or more embodiments, deadfront structure 2000 (and specifically outer glass substrate 2010) is shaped to have a first radius of curvature, R1, of about 60 mm or greater. For example, R1 may be in a range from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 260 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 270 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 280 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 290 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 300 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 350 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 400 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 450 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 500 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 550 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 600 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 650 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 700 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 750 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 800 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 900 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 9500 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 1000 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 1250 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1400 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1300 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1200 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1100 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1000 mm, from about 60 mm to about 950 mm, from about 60 mm to about 900 mm, from about 60 mm to about 850 mm, from about 60 mm to about 800 mm, from about 60 mm to about 750 mm, from about 60 mm to about 700 mm, from about 60 mm to about 650 mm, from about 60 mm to about 600 mm, from about 60 mm to about 550 mm, from about 60 mm to about 500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 450 mm, from about 60 mm to about 400 mm, from about 60 mm to about 350 mm, from about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or from about 60 mm to about 250 mm.
In one or more embodiments, support surface 2130 has a second radius of curvature of about 60 mm or greater. For example, the second radius of curvature of support surface 2130 may be in a range from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 70 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 80 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 90 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 100 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 120 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 140 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 150 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 160 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 180 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 200 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 220 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 240 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 250 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 260 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 270 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 280 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 290 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 300 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 350 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 400 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 450 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 500 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 550 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 600 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 650 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 700 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 750 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 800 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 900 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 9500 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 1000 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 1250 mm to about 1500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1400 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1300 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1200 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1100 mm, from about 60 mm to about 1000 mm, from about 60 mm to about 950 mm, from about 60 mm to about 900 mm, from about 60 mm to about 850 mm, from about 60 mm to about 800 mm, from about 60 mm to about 750 mm, from about 60 mm to about 700 mm, from about 60 mm to about 650 mm, from about 60 mm to about 600 mm, from about 60 mm to about 550 mm, from about 60 mm to about 500 mm, from about 60 mm to about 450 mm, from about 60 mm to about 400 mm, from about 60 mm to about 350 mm, from about 60 mm to about 300 mm, or from about 60 mm to about 250 mm.
In one or more embodiments, deadfront structure 2000 is cold-formed to exhibit a first radius curvature, R1, that is within 10% (e.g., about 10% or less, about 9% or less, about 8% or less, about 7% or less, about 6% or less, or about 5% or less) of the second radius of curvature of support surface 2130 of frame 2110. For example, support surface 2130 of frame 2110 exhibits a radius of curvature of 1000 mm, deadfront article 2000 is cold-formed to have a radius of curvature in a range from about 900 mm to about 1100 mm.
In one or more embodiments, first major surface 2050 and/or second major surface 2060 of glass substrate 2010 includes a functional coating layer as described herein. The functional coating layer may cover at least a portion of first major surface 2050 and/or second major surface 2060. Exemplary functional coatings include at least one of a glare reduction coating or surface, an anti-glare coating or surface, a scratch resistance coating, an anti-reflection coating, a half-mirror coating, or easy-to-clean coating.
Referring to
At step 2220, the method includes securing the curved deadfront article to the support causing the deadfront article to bend into conformity (or conform) with the curved surface of the support. In this manner, a curved deadfront article 2000, as shown in
In some embodiments, the force applied in step 2210 and/or step 2220 may be air pressure applied via a vacuum fixture. In some other embodiments, the air pressure differential is formed by applying a vacuum to an airtight enclosure surrounding the frame and the deadfront article. In specific embodiments, the airtight enclosure is a flexible polymer shell, such as a plastic bag or pouch. In other embodiments, the air pressure differential is formed by generating increased air pressure around the deadfront article and the frame with an overpressure device, such as an autoclave. Applicant has further found that air pressure provides a consistent and highly uniform bending force (as compared to a contact-based bending method) which further leads to a robust manufacturing process. In various embodiments, the air pressure differential is between 0.5 and 1.5 atmospheres of pressure (atm), specifically between 0.7 and 1.1 atm, and more specifically is 0.8 to 1 atm.
At step 2230, the temperature of the deadfront article is maintained below the glass transition temperature of the material of the outer glass layer during steps 2210 and 2220. As such, method 2200 is a cold-forming or cold-bending process. In particular embodiments, the temperature of the deadfront article is maintained below 500 degrees C., 400 degrees C., 300 degrees C., 200 degrees C. or 100 degrees C. In a particular embodiment, the deadfront article is maintained at or below room temperature during bending. In a particular embodiment, the deadfront article is not actively heated via a heating element, furnace, oven, etc. during bending, as is the case when hot-forming glass to a curved shape.
As noted above, in addition to providing processing advantages such as eliminating expensive and/or slow heating steps, the cold-forming processes discussed herein are believed to generate curved deadfront articles with a variety of properties that are believed to be superior to those achievable via hot-forming processes. For example, Applicant believes that, for at least some glass materials, heating during hot-forming processes decreases optical properties of curved glass substrates, and thus, the curved glass-based deadfront articles formed utilizing the cold-bending processes/systems discussed herein provide for both curved glass shape along with improved optical qualities not believed achievable with hot-bending processes.
Further, many materials used for the various coatings and layers (e.g., easy-to-clean coatings, anti-reflective coatings, etc.) are applied via deposition processes, such as sputtering processes that are typically ill-suited for coating on to a curved surface. In addition, many coating materials, such as the deadfront ink/pigment materials, also are not able to survive the high temperatures associated with hot-bending processes. Thus, in particular embodiments discussed herein, layer 2020 is applied to outer glass substrate 2010 prior to cold-bending Thus, Applicant believes that the processes and systems discussed herein allow for bending of glass after one or more coating material has been applied to the glass, in contrast to typical hot-forming processes.
At step 2220, the curved deadfront article is attached or affixed to the curved support. In various embodiments, the attachment between the curved deadfront article and the curved support may be accomplished via an adhesive material. Such adhesives may include any suitable optically clear adhesive for bonding the deadfront article in place relative to the display assembly (e.g., to the frame of the display). In one example, the adhesive may include an optically clear adhesive available from 3M Corporation under the trade name 8215. The thickness of the adhesive may be in a range from about 200 μm to about 500 μm.
The adhesive material may be applied in a variety of ways. In one embodiment, the adhesive is applied using an applicator gun and made uniform using a roller or a draw down die. In various embodiments, the adhesives discussed herein are structural adhesives. In particular embodiments, the structural adhesives may include an adhesive selected from one or more of the categories: (a) Toughened Epoxy (Masterbond EP21TDCHT-LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy DP460 Off-white); (b) Flexible Epoxy (Masterbond EP21TDC-2LO, 3M Scotch Weld Epoxy 2216 B/A Gray); (c) Acrylic (LORD Adhesive 410/Accelerator 19 w/LORD AP 134 primer, LORD Adhesive 852/LORD Accelerator 25 GB, Loctite HF8000, Loctite AA4800); (d) Urethanes (3M Scotch Weld Urethane DP640 Brown); and (e) Silicones (Dow Corning 995). In some cases, structural glues available in sheet format (such as B-staged epoxy adhesives) may be utilized. Furthermore, pressure sensitive structural adhesives such as 3M VHB tapes may be utilized. In such embodiments, utilizing a pressure sensitive adhesive allows for the curved deadfront article to be bonded to the frame without the need for a curing step.
In one or more embodiments, the method includes step 2240 in which the curved deadfront is secured to a display. In one or more embodiments, the method may include securing the display to the deadfront article before step 2210 and curving both the display and the deadfront article in step 2210. In one or more embodiments, the method includes disposing or assembling the curved deadfront and display in a vehicle interior system 100, 200, 300.
Referring to
Substrate Materials
The various substrates of the deadfront articles discussed herein may be formed from any transparent material such as a polymer (e.g., PMMA, polycarbonate and the like) or glass. Suitable glass compositions include soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.
Unless otherwise specified, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in mole percent (mol %) as analyzed on an oxide basis.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include SiO2 in an amount in a range from about 66 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 67 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 68 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 69 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 70 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 72 mol % to about 80 mol %, from about 65 mol % to about 78 mol %, from about 65 mol % to about 76 mol %, from about 65 mol % to about 75 mol %, from about 65 mol % to about 74 mol %, from about 65 mol % to about 72 mol %, or from about 65 mol % to about 70 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in an amount greater than about 4 mol %, or greater than about 5 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in a range from greater than about 7 mol % to about 15 mol %, from greater than about 7 mol % to about 14 mol %, from about 7 mol % to about 13 mol %, from about 4 mol % to about 12 mol %, from about 7 mol % to about 11 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol %, from 9 mol % to about 15 mol %, from about 9 mol % to about 15 mol %, from about 10 mol % to about 15 mol %, from about 11 mol % to about 15 mol %, or from about 12 mol % to about 15 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the upper limit of Al2O3 may be about 14 mol %, 14.2 mol %, 14.4 mol %, 14.6 mol %, or 14.8 mol %.
In one or more embodiments, glass layer(s) herein are described as an aluminosilicate glass article or including an aluminosilicate glass composition. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes SiO2 and Al2O3 and is not a soda lime silicate glass. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed therefrom includes Al2O3 in an amount of about 2 mol % or greater, 2.25 mol % or greater, 2.5 mol % or greater, about 2.75 mol % or greater, about 3 mol % or greater.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B2O3 (e.g., about 0.01 mol % or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B2O3 in an amount in a range from about 0 mol % to about 5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 3 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 2 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.5 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 5 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 3 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 2 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 1 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 0.5 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of B2O3.
As used herein, the phrase “substantially free” with respect to the components of the composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial batching, but may be present as an impurity in an amount less than about 0.001 mol %.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally comprises P2O5 (e.g., about 0.01 mol % or greater). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises a non-zero amount of P2O5 up to and including 2 mol %, 1.5 mol %, 1 mol %, or 0.5 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of P2O5.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of R2O (which is the total amount of alkali metal oxide such as Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O) that is greater than or equal to about 8 mol %, greater than or equal to about 10 mol %, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol %. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of R2O in a range from about 8 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 18 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 16 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 14 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 12 mol %, from about 9 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 11 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 12 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 13 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 10 mol % to about 14 mol %, or from 11 mol % to about 13 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges t herebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of Rb2O, Cs2O or both Rb2O and Cs2O. In one or more embodiments, the R2O may include the total amount of Li2O, Na2O and K2O only. In One or more embodiments, the glass composition may comprise at least one alkali metal oxide selected from Li2O, Na2O and K2O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about 8 mol % or greater.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Na2O in an amount greater than or equal to about 8 mol %, greater than or equal to about 10 mol %, or greater than or equal to about 12 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na2O in a range from about from about 8 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 18 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 16 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 14 mol %, from about 8 mol % to about 12 mol %, from about 9 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 11 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 12 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 13 mol % to about 20 mol %, from about 10 mol % to about 14 mol %, or from 11 mol % to about 16 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol % K2O, less than about 3 mol % K2O, or less than about 1 mol % K2O. In some instances, the glass composition may include K2O in an amount in a range from about 0 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 3.5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 3 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 2.5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 2 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1.5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.2 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.1 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 3.5 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 3 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 2.5 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 2 mol %, from about 0.5 mol % to about 1.5 mol %, or from about 0.5 mol % to about 1 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of K2O.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Li2O. In one or more embodiments, the amount of Na2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Li2O. In some instances, the amount of Na2O may be greater than the combined amount of Li2O and K2O. In one or more alternative embodiments, the amount of Li2O in the composition may be greater than the amount of Na2O or the combined amount of Na2O and K2O.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO and SrO) in a range from about 0 mol % to about 2 mol %. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of RO up to about 2 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises RO in an amount from about 0 mol % to about 1.8 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1.6 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1.5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1.4 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1.2 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 1 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.8 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 0.5 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes CaO in an amount less than about 1 mol %, less than about 0.8 mol %, or less than about 0.5 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of CaO.
In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount from about 0 mol % to about 7 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 6 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 5 mol %, from about 0 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 7 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 6 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 5 mol %, from about 0.1 mol % to about 4 mol %, from about 1 mol % to about 7 mol %, from about 2 mol % to about 6 mol %, or from about 3 mol % to about 6 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO2 in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol %, less than about 0.18 mol %, less than about 0.16 mol %, less than about 0.15 mol %, less than about 0.14 mol %, less than about 0.12 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZrO2 in a range from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.2 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.18 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.16 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.15 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.14 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.12 mol %, or from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.10 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO2 in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol %, less than about 0.18 mol %, less than about 0.16 mol %, less than about 0.15 mol %, less than about 0.14 mol %, less than about 0.12 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO2 in a range from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.2 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.18 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.16 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.15 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.14 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.12 mol %, or from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.10 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass articles. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes an oxide that prevents discoloration of the glass article when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, without limitation oxides of: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.
In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe expressed as Fe2O3, wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (and including) about 1 mol %. In some embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe2O3 in an amount equal to or less than about 0.2 mol %, less than about 0.18 mol %, less than about 0.16 mol %, less than about 0.15 mol %, less than about 0.14 mol %, less than about 0.12 mol %. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises Fe2O3 in a range from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.2 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.18 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.16 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.15 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.14 mol %, from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.12 mol %, or from about 0.01 mol % to about 0.10 mol %, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween.
Where the glass composition includes TiO2, TiO2 may be present in an amount of about 5 mol % or less, about 2.5 mol % or less, about 2 mol % or less or about 1 mol % or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of TiO2.
An exemplary glass composition includes SiO2 in an amount in a range from about 65 mol % to about 75 mol %, Al2O3 in an amount in a range from about 8 mol % to about 14 mol %, Na2O in an amount in a range from about 12 mol % to about 17 mol %, K2O in an amount in a range of about 0 mol % to about 0.2 mol %, and MgO in an amount in a range from about 1.5 mol % to about 6 mol %. Optionally, SnO2 may be included in the amounts otherwise disclosed herein.
Strengthened Substrate
In one or more embodiments, the substrate includes a glass material (such as outer glass substrate 2010 or other glass substrate) of any of the deadfront article embodiments discussed herein. In one or more embodiments, such glass substrates may be strengthened. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened to include compressive stress that extends from a surface to a depth of compression (DOC). The compressive stress regions are balanced by a central portion exhibiting a tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrates used in the deadfront articles discussed herein may be strengthened mechanically by utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the glass to create a compressive stress region and a central region exhibiting a tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass substrate may be strengthened thermally by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used in the deadfront articles discussed herein may be chemically strengthening by ion exchange. In the ion exchange process, ions at or near the surface of the glass substrate are replaced by—or exchanged with—larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments in which the glass substrate comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass or soda lime silicate glass, ions in the surface layer of the article and the larger ions are monovalent alkali metal cations, such as Li+, Na+, Rb+, and Cs+. Alternatively, monovalent cations in the surface layer may be replaced with monovalent cations other than alkali metal cations, such as Ag+ or the like. In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass substrate generate a stress.
Ion exchange processes are typically carried out by immersing a glass substrate in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing the larger ions to be exchanged with the smaller ions in the glass substrate. It should be noted that aqueous salt baths may also be utilized. In addition, the composition of the bath(s) may include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na+ and K+) or a single larger ion. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that parameters for the ion exchange process, including, but not limited to, bath composition and temperature, immersion time, the number of immersions of the glass substrate in a salt bath (or baths), use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, are generally determined by the composition of the glass substrate (including the structure of the substrate and any crystalline phases present) and the desired DOC and CS of the substrate that results from strengthening.
Exemplary molten bath composition may include nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides of the larger alkali metal ion. Typical nitrates include KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, NaSO4 and combinations thereof The temperature of the molten salt bath typically is in a range from about 380° C. up to about 450° C., while immersion times range from about 15 minutes up to about 100 hours depending on the glass thickness, bath temperature and glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity. However, temperatures and immersion times different from those described above may also be used.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used to in the deadfront articles may be immersed in a molten salt bath of 100% NaNO3, 100% KNO3, or a combination of NaNO3 and KNO3 having a temperature from about 370° C. to about 480° C. In some embodiments, the glass substrate of a deadfront article may be immersed in a molten mixed salt bath including from about 5% to about 90% KNO3 and from about 10% to about 95% NaNO3. In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate may be immersed in a second bath, after immersion in a first bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures from one another. The immersion times in the first and second baths may vary. For example, immersion in the first bath may be longer than the immersion in the second bath.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used to form the deadfront articles may be immersed in a molten, mixed salt bath including NaNO3 and KNO3 (e.g., 49%/51%, 50%/50%, 51%/49%) having a temperature less than about 420° C. (e.g., about 400° C. or about 380° C.). for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.
Ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a “spike” or to increase the slope of the stress profile at or near the surface of the resulting glass substrate of a deadfront article. The spike may result in a greater surface CS value. This spike can be achieved by single bath or multiple baths, with the bath(s) having a single composition or mixed composition, due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass substrate of a deadfront article described herein.
In one or more embodiments, where more than one monovalent ion is exchanged into the glass substrate used in the deadfront articles, the different monovalent ions may exchange to different depths within the glass substrate (and generate different magnitudes stresses within the glass substrate at different depths). The resulting relative depths of the stress-generating ions can be determined and cause different characteristics of the stress profile.
CS is measured using those means known in the art, such as by surface stress meter (FSM) using commercially available instruments such as the FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). Surface stress measurements rely upon the accurate measurement of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured by those methods that are known in the art, such as fiber and four-point bend methods, both of which are described in ASTM standard C770-98 (2013), entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and a bulk cylinder method. As used herein CS may be the “maximum compressive stress” which is the highest compressive stress value measured within the compressive stress layer. In some embodiments, the maximum compressive stress is located at the surface of the glass substrate. In other embodiments, the maximum compressive stress may occur at a depth below the surface, giving the compressive profile the appearance of a “buried peak.”
DOC may be measured by FSM or by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) (such as the SCALP-04 scattered light polariscope available from Glasstress Ltd., located in Tallinn Estonia), depending on the strengthening method and conditions. When the glass substrate is chemically strengthened by an ion exchange treatment, FSM or SCALP may be used depending on which ion is exchanged into the glass substrate. Where the stress in the glass substrate is generated by exchanging potassium ions into the glass substrate, FSM is used to measure DOC. Where the stress is generated by exchanging sodium ions into the glass substrate, SCALP is used to measure DOC. Where the stress in the glass substrate is generated by exchanging both potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP, since it is believed the exchange depth of sodium indicates the DOC and the exchange depth of potassium ions indicates a change in the magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the exchange depth of potassium ions in such glass substrate is measured by FSM. Central tension or CT is the maximum tensile stress and is measured by SCALP.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used to form the deadfront articles maybe strengthened to exhibit a DOC that is described a fraction of the thickness t of the glass substrate (as described herein). For example, in one or more embodiments, the DOC may be equal to or greater than about 0.05 t, equal to or greater than about 0.1 t, equal to or greater than about 0.11 t, equal to or greater than about 0.12 t, equal to or greater than about 0.13 t, equal to or greater than about 0.14 t, equal to or greater than about 0.15 t, equal to or greater than about 0.16 t, equal to or greater than about 0.17 t, equal to or greater than about 0.18 t, equal to or greater than about 0.19 t, equal to or greater than about 0.2 t, equal to or greater than about 0.21 t. In some embodiments, The DOC may be in a range from about 0.08 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.09 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.18 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.11 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.12 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.13 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.14 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.15 t to about 0.25 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.24 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.23 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.22 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.21 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.2 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.19 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.18 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.17 t, from about 0.08 t to about 0.16 t, or from about 0.08 t to about 0.15 t. In some instances, the DOC may be about 20 μm or less. In one or more embodiments, the DOC may be about 40 μm or greater (e.g., from about 40 μm to about 300 μm, from about 50 μm to about 300 μm, from about 60 μm to about 300 μm, from about 70 μm to about 300 μm, from about 80 μm to about 300 μm, from about 90 μm to about 300 μm, from about 100 μm to about 300 μm, from about 110 μm to about 300 μm, from about 120 μm to about 300 μm, from about 140 μm to about 300 μm, from about 150 μm to about 300 μm, from about 40 μm to about 290 μm, from about 40 μm to about 280 μm, from about 40 μm to about 260 μm, from about 40 μm to about 250 μm, from about 40 μm to about 240 μm, from about 40 μm to about 230 μm, from about 40 μm to about 220 μm, from about 40 μm to about 210 μm, from about 40 μm to about 200 μm, from about 40 μm to about 180 μm, from about 40 μm to about 160 μm, from about 40 μm to about 150 μm, from about 40 μm to about 140 μm, from about 40 μm to about 130 μm, from about 40 μm to about 120 μm, from about 40 μm to about 110 μm, or from about 40 μm to about 100 μm.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used to form the deadfront articles may have a CS (which may be found at the surface or a depth within the glass article) of about 200 MPa or greater, 300 MPa or greater, 400 MPa or greater, about 500 MPa or greater, about 600 MPa or greater, about 700 MPa or greater, about 800 MPa or greater, about 900 MPa or greater, about 930 MPa or greater, about 1000 MPa or greater, or about 1050 MPa or greater.
In one or more embodiments, the glass substrate used to form the deadfront articles may have a maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) of about 20 MPa or greater, about 30 MPa or greater, about 40 MPa or greater, about 45 MPa or greater, about 50 MPa or greater, about 60 MPa or greater, about 70 MPa or greater, about 75 MPa or greater, about 80 MPa or greater, or about 85 MPa or greater. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile stress or central tension (CT) may be in a range from about 40 MPa to about 100 MPa.
Aspect (1) of the present disclosure pertains to a deadfront article comprising: a substrate comprising: a first surface; and a second surface opposite the first surface; a semi-transparent layer disposed onto at least a first portion of the second surface of the substrate, the semi-transparent layer having a region of a solid color or of a design of two or more colors; and a contrast layer disposed onto at least a portion of the region, the contrast layer configured to enhance visibility of the color of the region or to enhance contrast between the colors of the design of the region on the portion of the region on which the contrast layer is disposed.
Aspect (2) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article of Aspect (1), wherein the region has a design of two or more colors, the design being at least one of a leather grain pattern, a wood grain pattern, a fabric pattern, a brushed metal finish pattern, a graphic, or a logo.
Aspect (3) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article of Aspect (1) or (2), wherein the semi-transparent layer comprises a printed semi-transparent layer.
Aspect (4) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (3), wherein the semi-transparent layer has an average thickness of up to 6 μm.
Aspect (5) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (4), wherein the semi-transparent layer has an average thickness of at least 1 μm.
Aspect (6) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (5), wherein the semi-transparent layer is printed onto the second surface of the glass layer with an inkjet printer using a CMYK color model.
Aspect (7) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (6), wherein the contrast layer is white or gray in color.
Aspect (8) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (7), wherein the contrast layer has an average thickness of up to 6 μm.
Aspect (9) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (8), wherein the contrast layer has an average thickness of at least 1 μm.
Aspect (10) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (9), wherein the second surface of the substrate has a second portion on which the contrast layer is disposed.
Aspect (11) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (10), wherein the contrast layer is white and has a whiteness of 20 W or greater as measured according to ISO 11475:2004.
Aspect (12) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (11), wherein the semi-transparent layer is located between the second surface and the contrast layer.
Aspect (13) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (12), wherein the combination of the semi-transparent layer and the contrast layer comprises an average light transmittance in a range from about 5% to about 30% along a wavelength range from about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
Aspect (14) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (12), comprising an average light transmittance in a range from about 5% to about 10% along a wavelength range from about 400 nm to about 700 nm.
Aspect (15) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (14), further comprising a high optical density layer disposed onto at least a portion of the contrast layer such that the contrast layer is located between the high optical density layer and the semi-transparent layer.
Aspect (16) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (15), wherein the high optical density layer is arranged on the contrast layer in such a way as to define at least a portion of a graphic or a logo.
Aspect (17) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (16), further comprising a color layer disposed in regions of the graphic or the logo such that, in the at least a portion of the graphic or the logo defined by the high optical density layer, the contrast layer is located between the semitransparent layer and the color layer.
Aspect (18) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (15) to (17), wherein the contrast layer has a first optical density of from 0.9 to 2.0.
Aspect (19) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (18), wherein the high optical density layer has a second optical density, wherein the semi-transparent layer has a third optical density, and wherein the first optical density, the second optical density, and the third optical density together are at least 3.4.
Aspect (20) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (19), wherein the second optical density is at least 2.4.
Aspect (21) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (20), wherein the second optical density is at least 3.
Aspect (22) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (19) to (21), wherein the color layer has a fourth optical density of from 0.3 to 0.7.
Aspect (23) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (19) to (22), wherein, in at least a region, the first optical density and the third optical density together are from 1.0 to 2.1.
Aspect (24) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article of Aspect (23), wherein, in at least a region, the first optical density and the third optical density together are from 1.2 to 1.6.
Aspect (25) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (24), wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate and comprises an average thickness between the first surface and the second surface in a range from 0.05 mm to 2 mm.
Aspect (26) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (25), wherein the first surface of the substrate comprises an anti-glare surface.
Aspect (27) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (26), further comprising a functional layer located on the first surface of the substrate.
Aspect (28) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article of Aspect (27), wherein the functional layer has an average thickness of 5 nm to 600 nm.
Aspect (29) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article of Aspect (27) or (28), wherein the functional layer is an anti-glare layer, scratch resistant layer, an anti-reflection layer, a half-mirror layer, or easy-to-clean layer.
Aspect (30) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (29), wherein the substrate is formed from a strengthened glass material.
Aspect (31) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (30), wherein the substrate is curved comprising a first radius of curvature.
Aspect (32) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (31), wherein the first radius of curvature is in a range from about 60 mm to about 1500 mm.
Aspect (33) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to Aspect (31) or (32), wherein the substrate layer comprises a second radius of curvature different from the first radius of curvature.
Aspect (34) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (31) to (33), wherein the substrate layer is cold-formed to the curved shape.
Aspect (35) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (34), wherein a maximum thickness of the substrate measured between the first surface and the second surface is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.
Aspect (36) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (35), wherein a maximum thickness of the substrate measured between the first surface and the second surface is 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm.
Aspect (37) of the present disclosure pertains to the deadfront article according to any one of Aspects (1) through (36), wherein the substrate has a width and a length, wherein the width is in a range from about 5 cm to about 250 cm, and the length is from about 5 cm to about 250 cm.
Aspect (38) of the present disclosure pertains to a device comprising: a deadfront article comprising: a substrate; a semi-transparent layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate layer; a contrast layer disposed on at least a portion of the semi-transparent layer; and a high optical density layer disposed on at least a portion of the contrast layer, the high optical density layer at least in part defining at least one icon; and a touch panel located behind the at least one icon, the touch panel configured to respond to a touch by a user.
Aspect (39) of the present disclosure pertains to the device of Aspect (38), wherein the touch panel is laminated behind the at least one icon using an optically clear adhesive.
Aspect (40) of the present disclosure pertains to the device of Aspect (38), wherein the touch panel is printed behind the at least one icon.
Aspect (41) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (40), wherein the substrate layer includes a second surface opposite to the first surface such that the first surface and the second surface define a thickness of the substrate layer and wherein a region of the second surface is modified to provide tactile or visual indication of the at least one icon.
Aspect (42) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (41), wherein the region has a higher surface roughness than a surrounding region of the second surface.
Aspect (43) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (41), wherein the thickness of the substrate layer is greater in the region.
Aspect (44) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (41), wherein the thickness of the substrate is smaller in the region.
Aspect (45) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (41), wherein the region has a different anti-glare treatment than a surrounding region of the second surface.
Aspect (46) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (45), wherein the semi-transparent layer has a region of a solid color or of a design of two or more colors.
Aspect (47) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (46), wherein the region has a design of two or more colors, the design being at least one of a leather grain pattern, a wood grain pattern, a fabric pattern, a brushed metal finish pattern, a graphic, or a logo.
Aspect (48) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (47), wherein the contrast layer is white or gray.
Aspect (49) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (48), wherein the contrast layer has a first optical density of from 0.9 to 2.0.
Aspect (50) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspects (49), wherein the high optical density layer has a second optical density, the second optical density being at least 2.4.
Aspect (51) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (50), wherein the second optical density is at least 3.
Aspect (52) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (51), further comprising a color layer disposed in regions of the icon such that, in at least a portion of the icon defined by the high optical density layer, the contrast layer is located between the semitransparent layer and the color layer.
Aspect (53) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (52), wherein the color layer has a third optical density of from 0.3 to 0.7.
Aspect (54) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (53), wherein the contrast layer has a first optical density of from 0.9 to 2.0, wherein the semi-transparent layer has a fourth optical density, and wherein, in a region of the at least one icon, the first optical density and the fourth optical density together are from 1.0 to 2.1.
Aspect (55) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspects (54), wherein, in a region of the at least one icon, the first optical density and the fourth optical density together are from 1.2 to 1.6.
Aspect (56) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (55), further comprising a vibration motor configured to provide haptic feedback when activated.
Aspect (57) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (56), wherein the vibration motor provides haptic feedback when the substrate is touched by the user.
Aspect (58) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (57), further comprising a dynamic display positioned on the same side of the substrate as the first surface.
Aspect (59) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (58), wherein the dynamic display comprises at least one of an OLED display, LCD display, LED display or a DLP MEMS chip.
Aspect (60) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (59), wherein an icon of the at least one icon is a power symbol according to one of IEC 60417-5007, IEC 60417-5008, IEC 60417-5009, and IEC 60417-5010.
Aspect (61) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (60), wherein the device is disposed on a vehicle dashboard, a vehicle center console, a vehicle climate or radio control panel, or a vehicle passenger entertainment panel.
Aspect (62) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (61), wherein the substrate comprises a strengthened glass material and comprises an average thickness between the first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface in a range from 0.05 mm to 2 mm.
Aspect (63) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (62), wherein the substrate comprises a radius of curvature of between 60 mm and 1500 mm along at least one of the first surface and the second surface.
Aspect (64) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to any one of Aspects (38) to (63), further comprising a light source, wherein the deadfront article is disposed over the light source.
Aspect (65) of the present disclosure pertains to the device according to Aspect (64), wherein, in response to the touch of the user, the light source changes a color of the icon.
Aspect (66) of the present disclosure pertains to a method of forming a curved deadfront, comprising: curving a deadfront article on a support having a curved surface, wherein the deadfront comprises: a glass layer; a semi-transparent layer disposed onto a first surface of the glass layer, the semi-transparent layer having a region of a solid color or of a design of two or more colors; and a contrast layer disposed onto at least a portion of the region, the contrast layer configured to enhance visibility of the color of the region or to enhance contrast between the colors of the design of the region on the portion of the region on which the contrast layer is disposed; securing the curved deadfront article to the support such that the deadfront article conforms to a curved shape of the curved surface of the support; wherein during curving and securing the deadfront article, a maximum temperature of the deadfront article is less than a glass transition temperature of the glass layer.
Aspect (67) of the present disclosure pertains to the method of Aspect (66), wherein securing the curved deadfront article comprises: applying an adhesive between the curved surface of the support and a surface of the deadfront article; and bonding the deadfront article to the support surface of the frame with the adhesive during application of the force.
Aspect (68) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (66) or (67), wherein the glass layer is strengthened.
Aspect (69) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (68), wherein the glass layer comprises a second surface opposite the first surface and wherein a maximum thickness of the glass layer measured between the first surface and the second surface is less than or equal to 1.5 mm.
Aspect (70) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (66) to (69), wherein during curving and securing the deadfront article, a maximum temperature of the deadfront article is less than 200 degrees C.
Aspect (71) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (66) to (70), wherein the deadfront further comprises a high optical density layer disposed on at least a portion of the contrast layer.
Aspect (72) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (66) to (71), wherein the deadfront further comprises a touch panel disposed on at least one of the contrast layer or the high optical density layer.
Aspect (73) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (66) to (72), wherein the contrast layer has a first optical density of from 0.9 to 2.0.
Aspect (74) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (71) to (73), wherein the high optical density layer has a second optical density of at least 2.4.
Aspect (75) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (74), wherein the second optical density is at least 3.
Aspect (76) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to any one of Aspects (71) to (75), wherein the high optical density layer and the contrast layer together define at least one icon.
Aspect (77) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (76), wherein the deadfront further comprises a color layer disposed in regions of the at least one icon such that, in at least a portion of the at least one icon defined by the high optical density layer, the contrast layer is located between the semitransparent layer and the color layer.
Aspect (78) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (77), wherein the color layer has a third optical density of from 0.3 to 0.7.
Aspect (79) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (73), wherein the semi-transparent layer has a fourth optical density and wherein the first optical density and the fourth optical density together are from 1.0 to 2.1.
Aspect (80) of the present disclosure pertains to the method according to Aspect (79), wherein the first optical density and the fourth optical density together are from 1.2 to 1.6.
Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that any particular order be inferred. In addition, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more than one component or element, and is not intended to be construed as meaning only one.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosed embodiments. Since modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the embodiments may occur to persons skilled in the art, the disclosed embodiments should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is a 371 of PCT Application No.: PCT/US2018/050590 filed on Sep. 12, 2018, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/729,695 filed on Sep. 11, 2018, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/679,278 filed on Jun. 1, 2018 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/557,502 filed on Sep. 12, 2017, the contents of each are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2018/050590 | 9/12/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/055469 | 3/21/2019 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2068030 | Lieser | Jan 1937 | A |
| 2608030 | Jendrisak | Aug 1952 | A |
| 3197903 | Walley | Aug 1965 | A |
| 3338696 | Dockerty | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3582456 | Stolki | Jun 1971 | A |
| 3682609 | Dockerty | Aug 1972 | A |
| 3753840 | Plumat | Aug 1973 | A |
| 3778335 | Boyd | Dec 1973 | A |
| 3790430 | Mochel | Feb 1974 | A |
| 3799817 | Laethem | Mar 1974 | A |
| 4147527 | Bystrov et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
| 4238265 | Deminet | Dec 1980 | A |
| 4445953 | Hawk | May 1984 | A |
| 4455338 | Henne | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4859636 | Aratani et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4899507 | Mairlot | Feb 1990 | A |
| 4969966 | Norman | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4985099 | Mertens et al. | Jan 1991 | A |
| 5108480 | Sugiyama | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5154117 | Didelot et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5173102 | Weber et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5220442 | Dingwell et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5245468 | Demiryont et al. | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5250146 | Horvath | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5264058 | Hoagland et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5300184 | Masunaga | Apr 1994 | A |
| 5711119 | Cornils et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5897937 | Cornils et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 6044662 | Morin | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6086983 | Yoshizawa | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6101748 | Cass | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6212805 | Hill | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6242931 | Hembree et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6265054 | Bravet et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6270605 | Doerfler | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6274219 | Schuster et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6287674 | Verlinden et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6302985 | Takahashi et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6332690 | Murofushi | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6387515 | Joret et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6420800 | Levesque et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6426138 | Narushima et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6582799 | Brown et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6620365 | Odoi et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6816225 | Colgan et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6903871 | Page | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 7297040 | Chang et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7375782 | Yamazaki et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7478930 | Choi | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7489303 | Pryor | Feb 2009 | B1 |
| 7542302 | Curnalia et al. | Jun 2009 | B1 |
| 7750821 | Taborisskiy et al. | Jul 2010 | B1 |
| 7955470 | Kapp et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8298431 | Chwu et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8344369 | Yamazaki et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8521955 | Arulambalam et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8549885 | Dannoux et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8586492 | Barefoot et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8652978 | Dejneka et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8692787 | Imazeki | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8702253 | Lu et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8765262 | Gross | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8814372 | Vandal et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8833106 | Dannoux et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8912447 | Leong et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8923693 | Yeates | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8962084 | Brackley et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8967834 | Timmerman et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8969226 | Dejneka et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8978418 | Balduin et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9007226 | Chang | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9061934 | Bisson et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9090501 | Okahata et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9109881 | Roussev et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9140543 | Allan et al. | Sep 2015 | B1 |
| 9156724 | Gross | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9223162 | Deforest et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9240437 | Shieh et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9278500 | Filipp | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9278655 | Jones et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9290413 | Dejneka et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9346703 | Bookbinder et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9346706 | Bazemore et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9357638 | Lee et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9442028 | Roussev et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9446723 | Stepanski | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9469561 | Kladias et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9517967 | Dejneka et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9573843 | Keegan et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9593042 | Hu et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9595960 | Wilford | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9606625 | Levesque et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9617180 | Bookbinder et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9663396 | Miyasaka et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9694570 | Levasseur et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9700985 | Kashima et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9701564 | Bookbinder et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9720450 | Choi et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9724727 | Domey et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9802485 | Masuda et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9815730 | Marjanovic et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9821509 | Kastell | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9895975 | Lee et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9902640 | Dannoux et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9931817 | Rickerl | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9933820 | Helot et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9947882 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9955602 | Wildner et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9957190 | Finkeldey et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9963374 | Jouanno et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9972645 | Kim | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9975801 | Maschmeyer et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9992888 | Moon et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10005246 | Stepanski | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10017033 | Fisher et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10042391 | Yun et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10074824 | Han et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10086762 | Uhm | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10131118 | Kang et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10140018 | Kim et al. | Nov 2018 | B2 |
| 10153337 | Lee et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10175802 | Boggs et al. | Jan 2019 | B2 |
| 10211416 | Jin et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10222825 | Wang et al. | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10273184 | Garner et al. | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10303223 | Park et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10303315 | Jeong et al. | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10326101 | Oh et al. | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10328865 | Jung | Jun 2019 | B2 |
| 10343377 | Levasseur et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10347700 | Yang et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10377656 | Dannoux et al. | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10421683 | Schillinger et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10427383 | Levasseur et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10444427 | Bookbinder et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10483210 | Gross et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10500958 | Cho et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10606395 | Boggs et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
| 10649267 | Tuan et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10788707 | Al et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10976607 | Huang et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
| 11713276 | Fenton | Aug 2023 | B2 |
| 11768549 | Boggs et al. | Sep 2023 | B2 |
| 20020039229 | Hirose et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20030031842 | Marietti et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20040026021 | Groh et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040069770 | Cary et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040107731 | Doehring et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040258929 | Glaubitt et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050178158 | Moulding et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20060227125 | Wong et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20070188871 | Fleury et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070195419 | Tsuda et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070210621 | Barton et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070221313 | Franck et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070223121 | Franck et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070291384 | Wang | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080031991 | Choi et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080093753 | Schuetz | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080285134 | Closset et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080303976 | Nishizawa et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090096937 | Bauer et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090101208 | Vandal et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090117332 | Ellsworth et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090179840 | Tanaka et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090185127 | Tanaka et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090201443 | Sasaki et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090311497 | Aoki | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100000259 | Ukrainczyk et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100031590 | Buchwald et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100065342 | Shaikh | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100103138 | Huang et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100182143 | Lynam | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100245253 | Rhyu et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20110057465 | Beau et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110148267 | Mcdaniel et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20120050975 | Garelli et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120111056 | Prest | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120128952 | Miwa et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120134025 | Hart | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120144866 | Liu et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120152897 | Cheng et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120196110 | Murata et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120202030 | Kondo et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120218640 | Gollier et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120263945 | Yoshikawa | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120280368 | Garner et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120320509 | Kim et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130020007 | Niiyama et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130033885 | Oh et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130070340 | Shelestak et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130081428 | Liu et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130088441 | Chung et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130120850 | Lambert et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130186141 | Henry | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130209824 | Sun et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130279188 | Entenmann et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130314642 | Timmerman et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130329346 | Dannoux et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130330495 | Maatta et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140014260 | Chowdhury et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140036428 | Seng et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140065374 | Tsuchiya et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140141206 | Gillard et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140146538 | Zenker et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140153234 | Knoche et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140153894 | Jenkins et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168153 | Deichmann et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140168546 | Magnusson et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140234581 | Immerman et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140308464 | Levasseur et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140312518 | Levasseur et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140333848 | Chen | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140340609 | Taylor et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20150015807 | Franke et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150072129 | Okahata et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150077429 | Eguchi et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150166394 | Marjanovic et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150168768 | Nagatani | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150177443 | Faecke et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150210588 | Chang et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150246424 | Venkatachalam et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150246507 | Brown et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150274585 | Rogers et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150322270 | Amin et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150336357 | Kang et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| 20150351272 | Wildner et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150357387 | Lee et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150360606 | Thompson et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160009066 | Nieber et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160009068 | Garner | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160016849 | Allan | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160039705 | Kato et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160052241 | Zhang | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160066463 | Yang et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160081204 | Park et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160083282 | Jouanno et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160083292 | Tabe et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160091645 | Birman et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160102015 | Yasuda et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160113135 | Kim et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160207290 | Cleary et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160214889 | Garner et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160216434 | Shih et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
| 20160250982 | Fisher et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160252656 | Waldschmidt et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160259365 | Wang et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160272529 | Hong et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160282814 | Sagardoyburu | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160297176 | Rickerl | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160306451 | Isoda et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160313494 | Hamilton et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160334094 | Bach et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160354996 | Alder et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160355091 | Lee et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160355901 | Isozaki et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20160375808 | Etienne et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170008377 | Fisher et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170021661 | Pelucchi | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170066223 | Notsu et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170081238 | Jones et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170088454 | Fukushima et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170094039 | Lu | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170115944 | Oh et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170158551 | Bookbinder et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170160434 | Hart et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170185289 | Kim et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
| 20170190152 | Notsu et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170197561 | Mcfarland | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170213872 | Jinbo et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170215514 | Miller | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170217290 | Yoshizumi et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170217815 | Dannoux et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170240772 | Dohner et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170247291 | Hatano et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170262057 | Knittl et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170263690 | Lee et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170274627 | Chang et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170285227 | Chen et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170305786 | Roussev et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170327402 | Fujii et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170329182 | Privitera | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170334770 | Luzzato et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20170349473 | Moriya et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180009197 | Gross et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180014420 | Amin et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180031743 | Wakatsuki et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180050948 | Faik et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180069053 | Bok | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180072022 | Tsai et al. | Mar 2018 | A1 |
| 20180103132 | Prushinskiy et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180111569 | Faik et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180122863 | Bok | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180125228 | Porter et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180134232 | Helot | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180141850 | Dejneka et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180147985 | Brown et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180149777 | Brown | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180149907 | Gahagan et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20180164850 | Sim et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180186674 | Kumar et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180188869 | Boggs et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180208131 | Mattelet et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180208494 | Mattelet et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180210118 | Gollier et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180215125 | Gahagan | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180245125 | Tsai et al. | Aug 2018 | A1 |
| 20180304825 | Mattelet et al. | Oct 2018 | A1 |
| 20180324964 | Yoo et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180345644 | Kang et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180364760 | Ahn et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20180374906 | Everaerts et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
| 20190034017 | Boggs et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190039352 | Zhao et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190039935 | Couillard et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190069451 | Myers et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190077337 | Gervelmeyer | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190152831 | An et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190223309 | Amin et al. | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190278413 | Boggs et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190295494 | Wang et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190315648 | Kumar et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20190329531 | Brennan et al. | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| 20200064535 | Haan et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20200301192 | Huang et al. | Sep 2020 | A1 |
| 20210055599 | Chen et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1587132 | Mar 2005 | CN |
| 1860081 | Nov 2006 | CN |
| 101600846 | Dec 2009 | CN |
| 101684032 | Mar 2010 | CN |
| 101754865 | Jun 2010 | CN |
| 201989544 | Sep 2011 | CN |
| 102341356 | Feb 2012 | CN |
| 102464456 | May 2012 | CN |
| 103136490 | Jun 2013 | CN |
| 103587161 | Feb 2014 | CN |
| 203825589 | Sep 2014 | CN |
| 204111583 | Jan 2015 | CN |
| 104395949 | Mar 2015 | CN |
| 102566841 | Apr 2015 | CN |
| 104516562 | Apr 2015 | CN |
| 104656999 | May 2015 | CN |
| 104679341 | Jun 2015 | CN |
| 204463066 | Jul 2015 | CN |
| 104843976 | Aug 2015 | CN |
| 105118391 | Dec 2015 | CN |
| 105511127 | Apr 2016 | CN |
| 205239166 | May 2016 | CN |
| 105705330 | Jun 2016 | CN |
| 106256794 | Dec 2016 | CN |
| 205905907 | Jan 2017 | CN |
| 106458683 | Feb 2017 | CN |
| 206114596 | Apr 2017 | CN |
| 206114956 | Apr 2017 | CN |
| 107613809 | Jan 2018 | CN |
| 107757516 | Mar 2018 | CN |
| 108519831 | Sep 2018 | CN |
| 108550587 | Sep 2018 | CN |
| 108725350 | Nov 2018 | CN |
| 109135605 | Jan 2019 | CN |
| 109690662 | Apr 2019 | CN |
| 109743421 | May 2019 | CN |
| 4415787 | Nov 1995 | DE |
| 4415878 | Nov 1995 | DE |
| 69703490 | May 2001 | DE |
| 102004022008 | Dec 2004 | DE |
| 102004002208 | Aug 2005 | DE |
| 102009021938 | Nov 2010 | DE |
| 102010007204 | Aug 2011 | DE |
| 102013214108 | Feb 2015 | DE |
| 102014116798 | May 2016 | DE |
| 0076924 | Apr 1983 | EP |
| 0316224 | May 1989 | EP |
| 0347049 | Dec 1989 | EP |
| 0418700 | Mar 1991 | EP |
| 0423698 | Apr 1991 | EP |
| 0525970 | Feb 1993 | EP |
| 0664210 | Jul 1995 | EP |
| 1013622 | Jun 2000 | EP |
| 1031409 | Aug 2000 | EP |
| 1046493 | Oct 2000 | EP |
| 0910721 | Nov 2000 | EP |
| 1647663 | Apr 2006 | EP |
| 2236281 | Oct 2010 | EP |
| 2385630 | Nov 2011 | EP |
| 2521118 | Nov 2012 | EP |
| 2852502 | Apr 2015 | EP |
| 2933718 | Oct 2015 | EP |
| 3093181 | Nov 2016 | EP |
| 3100854 | Dec 2016 | EP |
| 3118174 | Jan 2017 | EP |
| 3118175 | Jan 2017 | EP |
| 3144141 | Mar 2017 | EP |
| 3156286 | Apr 2017 | EP |
| 3189965 | Jul 2017 | EP |
| 3288791 | Mar 2018 | EP |
| 3426614 | Jan 2019 | EP |
| 3532442 | Sep 2019 | EP |
| 2750075 | Dec 1997 | FR |
| 2918411 | Oct 2013 | FR |
| 3012073 | Apr 2015 | FR |
| 0805770 | Dec 1958 | GB |
| 0991867 | May 1965 | GB |
| 1319846 | Jun 1973 | GB |
| 2011316 | Jul 1979 | GB |
| 2281542 | Mar 1995 | GB |
| 55-154329 | Dec 1980 | JP |
| 57-048082 | Mar 1982 | JP |
| 58-073681 | May 1983 | JP |
| 58-194751 | Nov 1983 | JP |
| 59-076561 | May 1984 | JP |
| 63-089317 | Apr 1988 | JP |
| 63-190730 | Aug 1988 | JP |
| 03-059337 | Jun 1991 | JP |
| 3059337 | Jun 1991 | JP |
| 03-228840 | Oct 1991 | JP |
| 04-119931 | Apr 1992 | JP |
| 05-116972 | May 1993 | JP |
| 06-340029 | Dec 1994 | JP |
| 10-218630 | Aug 1998 | JP |
| 11-001349 | Jan 1999 | JP |
| 11-006029 | Jan 1999 | JP |
| 11-060293 | Mar 1999 | JP |
| 2000-260330 | Sep 2000 | JP |
| 2002-255574 | Sep 2002 | JP |
| 2003-500260 | Jan 2003 | JP |
| 2003-276571 | Oct 2003 | JP |
| 2003-321257 | Nov 2003 | JP |
| 2004-045529 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-101712 | Apr 2004 | JP |
| 2004-284839 | Oct 2004 | JP |
| 2006-181936 | Jul 2006 | JP |
| 2007-188035 | Jul 2007 | JP |
| 2007-197288 | Aug 2007 | JP |
| 2007-232473 | Sep 2007 | JP |
| 2008-175584 | Jul 2008 | JP |
| 2010-145731 | Jul 2010 | JP |
| 2012-111661 | Jun 2012 | JP |
| 2013-084269 | May 2013 | JP |
| 2014-126564 | Jul 2014 | JP |
| 2015-502901 | Jan 2015 | JP |
| 2015092422 | May 2015 | JP |
| 5748082 | Jul 2015 | JP |
| 5796561 | Oct 2015 | JP |
| 2016-500458 | Jan 2016 | JP |
| 2016-021266 | Feb 2016 | JP |
| 2016031696 | Mar 2016 | JP |
| 2016031696 | Mar 2016 | JP |
| 2016-517380 | Jun 2016 | JP |
| 2016-130810 | Jul 2016 | JP |
| 2016-144008 | Aug 2016 | JP |
| 05976561 | Aug 2016 | JP |
| 2016-530204 | Sep 2016 | JP |
| 2016173794 | Sep 2016 | JP |
| 2016-530987 | Oct 2016 | JP |
| 2016-207200 | Dec 2016 | JP |
| 2016203609 | Dec 2016 | JP |
| 2017-502260 | Jan 2017 | JP |
| 6281825 | Feb 2018 | JP |
| 6340029 | Jun 2018 | JP |
| 2002-0019045 | Mar 2002 | KR |
| 10-0479282 | Aug 2005 | KR |
| 10-2008-0023888 | Mar 2008 | KR |
| 10-2013-0005776 | Jan 2013 | KR |
| 10-2014-0111403 | Sep 2014 | KR |
| 10-2015-0026911 | Mar 2015 | KR |
| 10-2015-0033969 | Apr 2015 | KR |
| 10-2015-0051458 | May 2015 | KR |
| 10-1550833 | Sep 2015 | KR |
| 10-2015-0121101 | Oct 2015 | KR |
| 10-2016-0118746 | Oct 2016 | KR |
| 10-1674060 | Nov 2016 | KR |
| 10-2016-0144008 | Dec 2016 | KR |
| 10-2017-0000208 | Jan 2017 | KR |
| 10-2017-0106263 | Sep 2017 | KR |
| 10-2017-0107124 | Sep 2017 | KR |
| 10-2017-0113822 | Oct 2017 | KR |
| 10-2017-0121674 | Nov 2017 | KR |
| 10-2018-0028597 | Mar 2018 | KR |
| 10-2018-0049484 | May 2018 | KR |
| 10-2018-0049780 | May 2018 | KR |
| 10-2019-0001864 | Jan 2019 | KR |
| 10-2019-0081264 | Jul 2019 | KR |
| 200704268 | Jan 2007 | TW |
| 201438895 | Oct 2014 | TW |
| 201546006 | Dec 2015 | TW |
| 201636309 | Oct 2016 | TW |
| 201637857 | Nov 2016 | TW |
| 58334 | Jul 2018 | VN |
| 9425272 | Nov 1994 | WO |
| 9739074 | Oct 1997 | WO |
| 9801649 | Jan 1998 | WO |
| 0073062 | Dec 2000 | WO |
| 2006095005 | Sep 2006 | WO |
| 2007108861 | Sep 2007 | WO |
| 2008042731 | Apr 2008 | WO |
| 2008153484 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009072530 | Jun 2009 | WO |
| 2011029852 | Mar 2011 | WO |
| 2011144359 | Nov 2011 | WO |
| 2011155403 | Dec 2011 | WO |
| 2012005307 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| 2012058084 | May 2012 | WO |
| 2012166343 | Dec 2012 | WO |
| 2013072611 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013072612 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013175106 | Nov 2013 | WO |
| 2013174715 | Nov 2013 | WO |
| 2014085663 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014107640 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| 2014172237 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| 2014175371 | Oct 2014 | WO |
| 2015031594 | Mar 2015 | WO |
| 2015055583 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| 2015057552 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| 2015084902 | Jun 2015 | WO |
| 2015085283 | Jun 2015 | WO |
| 2015141966 | Sep 2015 | WO |
| 2016007815 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| 2016007843 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| 2016010947 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| 2016010949 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| 2016044360 | Mar 2016 | WO |
| 2016069113 | May 2016 | WO |
| 2016070974 | May 2016 | WO |
| 2016115311 | Jul 2016 | WO |
| 2016125713 | Aug 2016 | WO |
| 2016136758 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| 2016173699 | Nov 2016 | WO |
| 2016183059 | Nov 2016 | WO |
| 2016195301 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2016196540 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2016202605 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2016196531 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2016196546 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2017015392 | Jan 2017 | WO |
| 2017019851 | Feb 2017 | WO |
| 2017023673 | Feb 2017 | WO |
| 2017106081 | Jun 2017 | WO |
| 2017146866 | Aug 2017 | WO |
| 2017158031 | Sep 2017 | WO |
| 2017155932 | Sep 2017 | WO |
| 2018015392 | Jan 2018 | WO |
| 2018005646 | Jan 2018 | WO |
| 2018009504 | Jan 2018 | WO |
| 2018075853 | Apr 2018 | WO |
| 2018081068 | May 2018 | WO |
| 2018102332 | Jun 2018 | WO |
| 2018125683 | Jul 2018 | WO |
| 2018160812 | Sep 2018 | WO |
| 2018200454 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2018200807 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2018213267 | Nov 2018 | WO |
| 2019055469 | Mar 2019 | WO |
| 2019055652 | Mar 2019 | WO |
| 2019074800 | Apr 2019 | WO |
| 2019075065 | Apr 2019 | WO |
| 2019151618 | Aug 2019 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority; PCT/US2018/050590; dated Jan. 9, 2019; 10 Pages; European Patent Office. |
| Author Unknown; “Stress Optics Laboratory Practice Guide” 2012; 11 Pages. |
| Belis et al; “Cold Bending of Laminated Glass Panels”; Heron vol. 52 (2007) No. 1/2; 24 Pages. |
| Doyle et al; “Manual on Experimental Stress Analysis”; Fifth Edition, Society for Experimental Mechanics; Unknown Year; 31 Pages. |
| Elziere; “Laminated Glass: Dynamic Rupture of Adhesion”; Polymers; Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie—Paris VI, 2016. English; 181 Pages. |
| Fildhuth et al; “Considerations Using Curved, Heat or Cold Bent Glass for Assembling Full Glass Shells”, Engineered Transparency, International Conference at Glasstec, Dusseldorf, Germany, Oct. 25 and 26, 2012; 11 Pages. |
| Fildhuth et al; “Interior Stress Monitoring of Laminated Cold Bent Glass With Fibre BRAGG Sensors”, Challenging Glass 4 & Cost Action TU0905 Final Conference Louter, Bos & Belis (Eds), 2014; 8 Pages. |
| Fildhuth et al; “Layout Strategies and Optimisation of Joint Patterns in Full Glass Shells”, Challenging Glass 3—Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass, Bos, Louter, Nijsse, Veer (Eds.), Tu Delft, Jun. 2012; 13 Pages. |
| Fildhuth et al; “Recovery Behaviour of Laminated Cold Bent Glass—Numerical Analysis and Testing”; Challenging Glass 4 & Cost Action TU0905 Final Conference—Louter, Bos & Beus (Eds) (2014); 9 Pages. |
| Fildhuth; “Design and Monitoring of Cold Bent Lamination—Stabilised Glass”; Itke 39 (2015) 270 Pages. |
| Galuppi et al; “Cold-Lamination-Bending of Glass: Sinusoidal is Better Than Circular”, Composites Part B 79 (2015) 285-300. |
| Galuppi et al; “Optical Cold Bending of Laminated Glass”; Internaitonal Journal of Solids and Structures, 67-68 (2015) pp. 231-243. |
| Millard; “Bending Glass in the Parametric Age”; Enclos; (2015); pp. 1-6; http://www.enclos.com/site-info/news/bending-glass-in-the-parametric-age. |
| Neugebauer et al; “Let Thin Glass in the Faade Move Thin Glass-New Possibilities for Glass in the Faade”, Conference Paper Jun. 2018; 12 Pages. |
| Vakar et al; “Cold Bendable, Laminated Glass—New Possibilities in Design”; Structural Engineering International, Feb. 2004 pp. 95-97. |
| Weijde; “Graduation Plan”; Jan. 2017; 30 Pages. |
| Werner; “Display Materials and Processes,” Information Display; May 2015; 8 Pages. |
| “Stainless Steel—Grade 410 (UNS S41000)”, available online at <https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=970>, Oct. 23, 2001, 5 pages. |
| “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient”, ASTM International, Designation: C770-16, 2016. |
| Ashley Klamer, “Dead front overlays”, Marking Systems, Inc., Jul. 8, 2013, 2 pages. |
| ASTM C1279-13 “Standard Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Measurement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed, Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass”; Downloaded Jan. 24, 2018; 11 Pages. |
| ASTM C1422/C1422M-10 “Standard Specification for Chemically Strengthened Flat Glass”; Downloaded Jan. 24, 2018; 5 pages. |
| ASTM Standard C770-98 (2013), “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient”. |
| Burchardt et al., (Editorial Team), Elastic Bonding: The basic principles of adhesive technology and a guide to its cost-effective use in industry, 2006, 71 pages. |
| Byun et al; “A Novel Route for Thinning of LCD Glass Substrates”; SID 06 Digest; pp. 1786-1788, v37, 2006. |
| Datsiou et al., “Behaviour of cold bent glass plates during the shaping process”, Engineered Transparency. International Conference atglasstec, Dusseldorf, Germany, Oct. 21 and 22, 2014, 9 pages. |
| Engineering ToolBox, “Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion”, available online at <https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/linear-expansion-coefficients-d_95.html>, 2003, 9 pages. |
| Fauercia “Intuitive HMI for a Smart Life on Board” (2018); 8 Pages http://www.faurecia.com/en/innovation/smart-life-board/intuitive-HMI. |
| Faurecia: Smart Pebbles, Nov. 10, 2016 (Nov. 10, 2016), XP055422209, Retrieved from the Internet: URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20171123002248/http://www.faurecia.com/en/innovation/discover-our-innovations/smart-pebbles [retrieved on Nov. 23, 2017]. |
| Ferwerda et al., “Perception of sparkle in anti-glare display screens”, Journal of the SID, vol. 22, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 129-136. |
| Galuppi et al; “Buckling Phenomena in Double Curved Cold-Bent Glass;” Intl. J. Non-Linear Mechanics 64 (2014) pp. 70-84. |
| Galuppi et al; “Large Deformations and Snap-Through Instability of Cold-Bent Glass”; Challenging Glass 4 & Cost Action TU0905 Final Conference; (2014) pp. 681-689. |
| Galuppi L et al: “Optimal cold bending of laminated glass”, 20070101 vol. 52, No. 1/2 Jan. 1, 2007 (Jan. 1, 2007), pp. 123-146. |
| Gollier et al., “Display Sparkle Measurement and Human Response”, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 44, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 295-297. |
| Indian Patent Application No. 201917031293 Office Action dated May 24, 2021; 6 pages; Indian Patent Office. |
| Jalopnik, “This Touch Screen Car Interior is a Realistic Vision of the Near Future”, jalopnik.com, Nov. 19, 2014, https://jalopnik.com/this-touch-screen-car-interior-is-a-realistic-vision-of-1660846024 (Year: 2014). |
| Li et al., “Effective Surface Treatment on the Cover Glass for Autointerior Applications”, SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 47, 2016, pp. 467-469. |
| Pambianchi et al; “Corning Incorporated: Designing a New Future With Glass and Optics”; Chapter 1 in “Materials Research for Manufacturing: An Industrial Perspective of Turning Materials Into New Products”; Springer Series Material Science 224, p. 12 (2016). |
| Pegatron Corp. “Pegaton Navigate the Future”; Ecockpit/Center Cnsole Work Premiere; Automotive World; Downloaded Jul. 12, 2017; 2 Pages. |
| Photodon, “Screen Protectors for Your Car's Navi System That You're Gonna Love”, photodon.com, Nov. 6, 2015, https://www.photodon.com/blog/archives/screen-protectors-for-your-cars-navi-system-that-youre-gonna-love) (Year. 2015). |
| Product Information Sheet: Corning® Gorilla® Glass 3 with Native Damage Resistance™, Corning Incorporated, 2015, Rev: F_090315, 2 pages. |
| Scholze, H., “Glass-Water Interactions”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids vol. 102, Issues 1-3, Jun. 1, 1988, pp. 1-10. |
| Stattler; “New Wave—Curved Glass Shapes Design”; Glass Magazine; (2013); 2 Pages. |
| Stiles Custom Metal, Inc., Installation Recommendations, 2010 https://stilesdoors.com/techdata/pdf/Installation%20Recommendations%20HM%20Windows,%20Transoms%20&%>OSidelites%200710.pdf) (Year: 2010). |
| Tomozawa et al., “Hydrogen-to-Alkali Ratio in Hydrated Alkali Aluminosilicate Glass Surfaces”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 358, Issue 24, Dec. 15, 2012, pp. 3546-3550. |
| Zhixin Wang, Polydimethylsiloxane mechanical properties measured by macroscopic compression and nanoindentation techniques, Graduate Theses and Dissertations, University of South Florida, 2011, 79 pages. |
| European Patent Application No. 18779527.3, Office Action dated Mar. 18, 2021; 5 pages; European Patent Office. |
| Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-514953, Office Action, dated Sep. 14, 2022, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Copy); Japanese Patent Office. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200262744 A1 | Aug 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62729695 | Sep 2018 | US | |
| 62679278 | Jun 2018 | US | |
| 62557502 | Sep 2017 | US |
