Embodiments herein relate to fasteners and specifically to a deformable fastener.
Fastening methods can include use of a variety of fasteners including, e.g., screws, bolts, nuts, rivets, as well as various methods for restricting movement of secured components. Some of these techniques include use of lock washers, castellated nuts with wire or cotter pin locks, or thread locking liquids.
There is set forth herein according to one embodiment: A fastener assembly comprising a fastener having an extended section that includes a deformable distal end; a joining body having a through hole configured so that the extended section can be fitted through the through hole; wherein the fastener is configured so that with the joining body joined to the fastener, the deformable distal end can be deformed to increase a holding force between the joining body and the fastener.
There is set forth herein according to one embodiment: A method comprising fitting a through hole of a joining body over an extended section of a fastener that includes a head and the extended section, wherein the extended section includes a deformable distal end; and with the joining body fitted over the extended section, deforming the deformable distal end to increase a holding force between the joining body and the fastener.
There is set forth herein according to one embodiment: A fastener assembly comprising a fastener including a head and a threaded extended section that includes a deformable distal end defined by a circumferential sidewall that forms a counterbore, wherein the head, the threaded extended section and the circumferential sidewall are symmetrically formed about a longitudinal central axis of the fastener; a joining body having a threaded through hole configured so that the threaded through hole can be threaded onto the threaded extended section of the fastener; wherein the fastener is configured so that with the joining body joined to the fastener, the circumferential sidewall can be deformed to increase a holding force between the joining body and the fastener.
There is set forth herein according to one embodiment: A fastener comprising a head and an extended section extending from the head, wherein the extended section includes a deformable distal; wherein the deformable distal end is defined by a circumferential sidewall that forms a counterbore.
Additional features are realized through the techniques set forth herein. Other embodiments and aspects, including but not limited to methods, computer program product and system, are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention.
Reference will be made in detail to the preferred embodiment of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing figures. The figures are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Although the invention is generally described in the context of this preferred embodiment, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of this invention to this particular embodiment.
Certain elements in selected views of the drawings may be illustrated not-to-scale for illustrative clarity. Elements of the figures can be numbered such that similar (including identical) elements may be referred to with similar numbers in a single drawing.
The structure, operation, and advantages of the present preferred embodiment of the invention will become further apparent upon consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, further illustrate the present implementation(s) and, together with the detailed description of the implementation(s), serve to explain the principles of the present implementation(s). As understood by one of skill in the art, the accompanying figures are provided for ease of understanding and illustrate aspects of certain examples of the present implementation(s). The implementation(s) is/are not limited to the examples depicted in the figures.
The terms “connect,” “connected,” “contact,” “coupled,” and/or the like are broadly defined herein to encompass a variety of divergent arrangements and assembly techniques. These arrangements and techniques include, but are not limited to, (1) the direct joining of one component and another component with no intervening components therebetween (i.e., the components are in direct physical contact); and (2) the joining of one component and another component with one or more components therebetween, provided that the one component being “connected to” or “contacting” or “coupled to” the other component is somehow in operative communication (e.g., electrically, fluidly, physically, optically, etc.) with the other component (notwithstanding the presence of one or more additional components therebetween). It is to be understood that some components that are in direct physical contact with one another may or may not be in electrical contact and/or fluid contact with one another. Moreover, two components that are electrically connected, electrically coupled, optically connected, optically coupled, fluidly connected, or fluidly coupled may or may not be in direct physical contact, and one or more other components may be positioned therebetween.
The terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “about,” “relatively,” or other such similar terms that may be used throughout this disclosure, including the claims, are used to describe and account for small fluctuations, such as due to variations in processing, from a reference or parameter. Such small fluctuations include a zero fluctuation from the reference or parameter as well. For example, they can refer to less than or equal to ±10%, such as less than or equal to ±5%, such as less than or equal to ±2%, such as less than or equal to ±1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.5%, such as less than or equal to ±0.2%, such as less than or equal to ±0.1%, such as less than or equal to ±0.05%. If used herein, the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “about,” “relatively,” or other such similar terms may also refer to no fluctuations, that is, ±0%.
Embodiments herein recognize that fasteners, used for joining a wide variety of two or more components together. are offered in a wide variety of head shapes and sizes, body lengths and diameters, and shapes.
Embodiments herein recognize that threaded fasteners, used for joining a wide variety of two or more components together are offered in a wide variety of head shapes and sizes, threaded body lengths and diameters, and thread shapes. Two basic types of fastening are used by these prior art fasteners. The first utilizes a threaded nut, which is assembled and tightened onto the threaded fastener after the threaded fastener has been assembled into and through the items to be clamped. The components to be clamped are thereby clamped between the threaded fastener head and the threaded nut. The second utilizes a component with an internal thread suitable to receive and interface with the threaded fastener. In this design, the threaded fastener is assembled into and through the components to be clamped and into the component with the internal thread. The threaded fastener is then tightened into the component with the internal thread, thereby clamping the components to be clamped between the threaded fastener head and the component with the internal thread.
Embodiments herein recognize that in order to maintain the clamping forces necessary to keep a tight interface between the components to be clamped, various types of techniques are utilized to prevent the threaded components from rotating relative to each other which could cause the clamping forces to be reduced or loosened. Some of these techniques would include lock washers, castellated nuts with wire or cotter pin locks, or thread locking liquids. Embodiments herein can provide an unthreaded or threaded fastener which is economical to produce, while still having the capability of achieving a non-threaded or threaded connection which is resistant to loosening.
Additional features of fastener assembly 1000 are described with reference to
In another aspect, extended section 120 of fastener 100 can include distal end 190. Distal end 190, in one embodiment, can be defined by sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 provided, e.g., by a counterbore. Sidewall 191, which can be a circumferential sidewall, can be formed to be deformable so that when force is applied thereto, sidewall 191 deforms to increase a holding force between joining body 200 and fastener 100 and to secure a connection between joining body 200 and fastener 100. Distal end 190 defined by sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 can be configured to be more deformable than a remainder of extended section 120. Configured as described, distal end 190 of fastener 100 can be subject to deformation without a remainder of fastener 100 deforming and without joining body 200 deforming. Distal end 190 defined by sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 can be configured to have increased deformability relative to a remainder of extended section 120 of fastener 100.
In a deformed state, sidewall 191 can be deformed to increase a holding force between joining body 200 and fastener 100. With sidewall 191 deformed, fastener 100 can restrict movement of joining body 200 relative to fastener 100. In one aspect, deformability of sidewall 191 can be controlled by controlling a thickness of sidewall 191. A deformability of sidewall 191 defining distal end 190 can be increased by decreasing a thickness of sidewall 191. A deformability of sidewall 191 defining distal end 190 can be decreased by increasing a thickness of sidewall. Different fastening applications may require different levels of deformability. In another aspect, a deformability of sidewall 191 can be controlled by material selection of fastener 100. In one aspect, deformability of distal end 190 defined by sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 can be controlled by a combination of a selected thickness of sidewall 191 and/or selected material of sidewall 191.
In
Fastener 100 having distal end 190 defining sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 can include a predeformed state and a deformed state. In a predeformed state, as shown in
In a deformed state as shown in
Referring to the isometric view of
In one embodiment, zero or more secured members can comprise zero members. In some embodiments, functional elements (e.g., building or other structural apparatus components) can be defined on joining body 200 and/or a fastener 100. In one embodiment, joining body 200 can have an arbitrary shape. In another embodiment, joining body 200, as set forth herein, can have the form factor of a fastener nut, e.g., hex nut or a square nut. In another embodiment, joining body 200 and/or fastener 100 can have an arbitrary form factor to define an arbitrary functional element.
As suggested by the isometric view of
In a predeformed state illustrated in
Referring to
Distal end 190 forming sidewall 191 in a deformed state, as shown in
Referring to further aspects of joining body 200, joining body 200, in one embodiment, can include an arbitrary shape. In one embodiment, joining body 200 can include the form factor of a fastening nut to define the fastening nut which can be fastened with use, e.g., of a wrench or similar tool. In one embodiment, joining body 200 can be configured to be hand activated and can be configured as a hand twisted fastening nut. In one embodiment, joining body 200 can be provided by a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) fastening nut. In one embodiment, joining body 200 provided by a fastening nut can include one or more custom feature to enhance the fastening operation of fastener assembly 1000.
Referring to
In a predeformed state as shown in
In another aspect, distal end 290 of joining body 200 in the embodiment of
Through hole 291 can include a first portion above (leftward) an elevation 287 of cavity 292 delimited by bottom surface 295 extending perpendicularly with longitudinal central axis 205 of joining body 200 and a second portion below (rightward) the elevation 287 of cavity 292 delimited by bottom surface 295 extending perpendicularly with longitudinal central axis 205 of joining body 200. The first portion can have a first inner diameter, T1, and the second portion can have a second inner diameter, T2. The first inner diameter, T1, can be smaller than the second inner diameter, T2. Joining body 200 can also have an outer diameter T3.
The presence of cavity 292 of joining body 200 can increase contacting surface friction forces between fastener 100 and joining body 200 relative to contacting surface friction forces between fastener 100 and joining body 200 in the absence of cavity 292. As shown in
Comparing the embodiment of
Referring to
In order to restrict rotational movement of joining body 200 provided by a threaded nut relative to fastener 100 after proper torque and clamping forces are achieved, material of distal end 190 of fastener 100 defined by sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 provided by an internal counterbore can be deformed by force into cavity 292 provided by a counterbore of joining body 200 to define a deformed distal end 190. This deformed distal end 190 having material deformed and extruded into cavity 292 of joining body 200 can increase a holding force between joining body 200 and fastener 100 and any secured members 300 therebetween. This deformed distal end 190 having material deformed and extruded into cavity 292 of joining body 200 can provide for a mechanical lock for locking the joining body 200 provided by a threaded nut into position relative to the fastener 100 and prevent loosening of fastener assembly 1000.
With distal end 190 of fastener 100 in a predeformed state indicated as shown in
Joining body 200 can include cavity 292 which can be provided by an internal counterbore for receipt of material defining distal end 190 of fastener 100 on deformation of fastener 100.
Surface 295, as shown in
When distal end 190 is transitioned into a deformed state as shown in
There is set forth herein, in one embodiment, a fastener assembly 1000 which, in one example, can be provided by a threaded fastener for joining two or more components together, and a joining body 200. A fastener 100, in one embodiment, can include a head 110, an extended section 120, and a counterbored portion of said extended section 120. A joining body 200, in one embodiment, can include an internally threaded mating nut with integral counterbore. A force can be applied for extruding material of the counterbored portion of the extended section 120 of fastener 100 into the counterbore of joining body 200.
There is set forth herein, according to one embodiment, a fastener assembly 1000 that comprises fastener 100 and joining body 200. Fastener 100 can be a threaded fastener for joining two or more components to be clamped together. Fastener 100, in one embodiment, can comprise a threaded fastener having a head and an external threaded extended section 120 defined by a sidewall 191 forming cavity 192. Cavity 192 can be provided by a counterbore formed internal to the threaded extended section 120 at the end of fastener 100 opposite the head 110 of fastener 100. Joining body 200 can be provided by an internally threaded mating nut with an integral cavity 292 provided by a joining body counterbore.
In one embodiment, after fastener 100 provided by a threaded fastener is joined and clamped together into joining body 200 provided by a mating threaded nut or mating component with internal thread, and the fastener 100 can be tightened to an acceptable torque level which creates proper clamping forces between the assembly. Subsequently, the distal end 190 of fastener 100 defining by sidewall 191 defining internally formed cavity 192 of fastener 100 can have a displacing extruding force applied to it in order to force material radially outward into cavity 292 of joining body 200 which can be provided by a counterbore of the mating threaded nut or mating component defining joining body 200.
This extruded material can cause fastener 100 to be mechanically locked to joining body 200 provided by the nut or component with internal thread, thereby resisting rotational movement of fastener 100 relative to joining body 200 and loosening of the fastener assembly 1000.
The extruded material of distal end 190 of fastener 100 may or may not extend beyond the end surface of joining body 200 provided by the threaded nut or the component with internal thread. The extruded material of distal end 190 of fastener 100 can be deformed into a cavity 292 of joining body 200 provided by counterbore. The counterbore and extruded material may take any shape.
For performing fastening action increase holding force between joining body 200 and fastener 100 and to secure a connection between joining body 200 and fastener 100 and any secured members 300 therebetween, distal end 190 of fastener 100 as shown throughout the views can be transitioned from a predeformed state into a deformed state in which material of sidewall 191 defining cavity 192 can extrude, e.g., radially outwardly to increase the diameter of distal end 190, e.g., to diameter, DA.
For performing of transitioning of distal end 190 from a predeformed state to a deformed state, a force can be applied to distal end 190 of fastener 100. In one embodiment, a conical punch 2102, as shown in
Accordingly for applying a force to distal end 190 to deform distal end 190, conical punch 2102 can be engaged to distal end 190 so that the distal end (smaller diameter) of conical punch 2102 extends into an interior of cavity 192 and so that a proximal end (larger diameter) of conical punch 2102 protrudes outwardly from distal end 190. Conical punch 2102, as shown in
Fastener assembly 1000 can be configured so that when a force in a direction of longitudinal central axis 105 is applied to conical punch 2102 with conical punch 2102 engaged with cavity 192 of fastener 100, conical punch 2102 can impart a radially directed force to sidewall 191 forming cavity 192 of fastener 100 so that material of sidewall 191 can extrude radially outwardly in a direction perpendicular to longitudinal central axis 105 and longitudinal central axis 205 resulting in material of sidewall 191 occupying cavity 292 of joining body 200.
With material of distal end 190 of fastener 100 extruded as described, movement of joining body 200 relative to fastener 100 can be restricted as set forth herein, by mechanically locking a position of joining body 200 relative to fastener 100. The described locking can restrict axial movement of joining body 200 relative to fastener 100 (in a direction coextensive with longitudinal central axis 105 and longitudinal central axis 205). The described locking can restrict rotational movement of joining body 200 relative to fastener 100 (in a direction about longitudinal central axis 105 and longitudinal central axis 205).
Materials forming fastener 100 can include metal, e.g., steel, copper, zinc, tin, bronze, brass, or aluminum. Materials forming joining body 200 can include metal, e.g., steel, copper, zinc, tin, bronze, brass, or aluminum. One or more of fastener 100 or joining body 200 can alternatively be formed of a non-metal material. Configuring distal end 190 of fastener 100 to be deformable can include controlling a material of distal end 190 be material selection and/or controlling a thickness of sidewall 191 defining distal end 190 by thickness selection. In one embodiment, fastener 100, which can have distal end 190 configured to be deformable, can be formed of metal having softness of about 4.0 or less on the Mohs scale. Configuring fastener 100 to be formed of a “soft” metal, e.g., having softness of about 4.0 or less on the Mohs scale, can facilitate the providing of fastener 100 to have distal end 190 that is easily deformable. In some applications, fastener 100 can have a softness of greater than 4.0, e.g., can be formed of hardened steel (about 7.0 or 8.0 on the Mohs scale), and deformability of distal end 190 can be tuned by controlling a thickness of sidewall 191. In one embodiment, fastener assembly 1000 can include fastener 100 formed of a first material having a first softness and joining body 200 formed of a second material having a second softness, wherein the first softness is less than the second softness. Fastener 100, in the described embodiment, can be of unitary single piece construction, and joining body 200 can be of unitary single piece construction. Providing fastener assembly 1000 so that fastener 100 is formed of softer material than joining body 200 can facilitate deformation of distal end 190 of fastener without deformation of joining body 200, e.g., to encourage the secure containing of material of distal end 190 of fastener 100 into cavity 292 of joining body 200 which can be provided by a counterbore. In some applications, fastener 100 can have a softness of about 4.0 or less on the Mohs scale and joining body 200 can be formed of hardened steel (about 7.0 or 8.0 on the Mohs scale).
In one embodiment, fastener 100, as set forth throughout the views, can be of unitary single piece construction. Fastener 100 can be formed, e.g., by casting or forging and can be formed of metal or non-metal. Similarly, joining body 200 can be of unitary, single piece construction. Joining body 200 can be formed, e.g., by casting or forging and can be formed of metal or non-metal.
Exemplary dimensions for fastener assembly 1000 are indicated in Tables A-E. In Tables A-E, the variable X is a scaling factor. In one embodiment X=1 cm. However, in alternative embodiments, X can range from about 1 mm or less to about 10 m or more. The overall length of fastener assembly 1000 can be arbitrary and selected in dependence on the criteria of the application. In one embodiment, fastener assembly 1000 can include the dimensions summarized in Table A.
In one embodiment, fastener assembly 1000 can include the dimensions summarized in Table B.
In one embodiment, fastener assembly 1000 can include the dimensions summarized in Table C.
In one embodiment, variations of fastener assembly 1000 can be practiced without reference to the relative scale of the various dimensional elements depicted in the drawings. In one embodiment, however, fastener assembly 1000 can be practiced in accordance with the relative scale of the various dimensional elements depicted in the drawings. The relative dimensions between the depicted elements can be scaled by the scaling factor, X, as set forth herein.
While this invention has been described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings with respect to a preferred embodiment, it is understood that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. Undoubtedly, many variations or equivalents may be substituted for elements of the invention such as various types of boltheads, thread characteristics, materials, or means for providing extruding forces by one having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention most nearly pertains, and such variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as disclosed herein.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be accomplished as one step, executed concurrently, substantially concurrently, in a partially or wholly temporally overlapping manner, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”), and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a method or device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes,” or “contains” one or more steps or elements possesses those one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more steps or elements. Likewise, a step of a method or an element of a device that “comprises,” “has,” “includes,” or “contains” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Forms of the term “based on” herein encompass relationships where an element is partially based on as well as relationships where an element is entirely based on. Forms of the term “defined by” encompass relationships where an element is partially defined by as well relationships where an element is entirely defined by. Numerical identifiers herein, e.g. “first” and “second” are arbitrary terms to designate different elements without designation an ordering of elements. Methods, products and systems described as having a certain number of elements can be practiced with less than or greater than the certain number of elements. Furthermore, a device or structure that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.
It is contemplated that numerical values, as well as other values that are recited herein are modified by the term “about”, whether expressly stated or inherently derived by the discussion of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term “about” defines the numerical boundaries of the modified values so as to include, but not be limited to, tolerances and values up to, and including the numerical value so modified. That is, numerical values can include the actual value that is expressly stated, as well as other values that are, or can be, the decimal, fractional, or other multiple of the actual value indicated, and/or described in the disclosure.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below, if any, are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description set forth herein has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of one or more aspects set forth herein and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand one or more aspects as described herein for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.