Patent Application
20240359892
The present application relates to a technical field of plastic article, and in particular, to a degradable plastic bottle, a preparation method and a degradation method thereof.
Due to increasingly accumulated wasted plastic, application of biodegradable material is gaining more and more attention by the people. One of the effective methods for reducing the accumulation of wasted plastic is to use degradable materials for producing a variety of plastic articles, and performing harmless processing on recycled degradable plastic articles by using a supported recycling and degradation method.
In a related technology, a degradable plastic bottle for pesticide is prepared by blowing a blend of polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA). Composition of the blend includes 10-60 weight parts of polylactic acid, 20-50 weight parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and 1-10 weight parts of calcium carbonate, which is prepared by the following method: (1) mixing calcium carbonate, polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid to obtain a resin mixture, and melting the resin mixture to obtain a melt; and (2) extruding the melt to obtain a combined degradation material, polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid are mixed, in which polybutylene adipate terephthalate can improve a tenacity of polylactic acid, which facilitates improving mechanical performance of the pesticide bottle.
For the above related technology, it is found that, in spite of improved mechanical performance of polylactic acid by using the existing polybutylene adipate terephthalate, regularity of polylactic acid molecular chain is destroyed by a benzene ring present in polybutylene adipate terephthalate molecular chain, such that crystallinity of polylactic acid is decreased. However, most of the existing pesticide products contain an organic solvent, the decreasing of the crystallinity of polylactic acid can degrade a barrier effect of the pesticide bottle against the organic solvent, which render it difficult to meet a requirement for a storage period of the existing pesticide products, hindering a long period storage of the pesticide products.
In the related technology, polybutylene adipate terephthalate can lead to a descending of the crystallinity of polylactic acid, such that the degradable pesticide plastic bottle is difficult to meet current requirements for the pesticide products for a storage period and to facilitate a long period of storage for the pesticide. In order to improve the defect, the present application provides a degradable plastic bottle, a preparation method therefor and a degradation method therefor. In a first aspect, the present application provides a degradable plastic bottle, adopting the following technical solution:
A degradable plastic bottle is prepared by blowing a combined degradable material formed by melting and extruding a resin mixture, the resin mixture includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of polylactic acid, 20-50 parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, 0.5-20 parts of polymethyl ethylene carbonate, 0.5-20 parts of polyglycolic acid, and 1-10 parts of calcium carbonate.
By adopting the above technical solution, comparing with a related technology, adding the polymethyl ethylene carbonate and polyglycolic acid to the resin mixture in the present application, the compatibility of the polymethyl ethylene carbonate and polylactic acid is better than that of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid, so that the added material is more easily dispersed uniformly in polylactic acid. In the melting state of the resin mixture, the polymethyl ethylene carbonate in polylactic acid plays a role of solvent, which facilitates rearranging the chain segment of polylactic acid, and improving a crystallization performance of polylactic acid. Since the crystallization performance of polylactic acid can be improved, as well as polyglycolic acid can play a role of nucleation in the crystallization process of polylactic acid, so as to improve the crystallinity of polylactic acid, thereby facilitating improving a barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent.
The degradable plastic bottle is filled with the liquid pesticide in the present application, organic solvent in the pesticide is difficult to pass through the bottle wall, thereby reducing a possibility of loss of components in the pesticide, achieving a successful application of the degradable material on production of the pesticide bottle, and facilitating a long period of storage for the pesticide.
Optionally, the resin mixture includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of polylactic acid, 30-40 parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, 5-15 parts of polymethyl ethylene carbonate, 5-15 parts of polyglycolic acid, and 3-7 parts of calcium carbonate.
By adopting the above technical solution, a composition ratio of the resin mixture is preferably selected, which facilitates improving the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle against organic solvent.
Optionally, the resin mixture further includes 0.5-20 parts of poly butylene succinate (PBS).
By adopting the above technical solution, after mixing poly butylene succinate and polylactic acid, an impact strength of the mixture can be higher than that of the mixture when there is no poly butylene succinate, improving a resistance effect of the degradable plastic bottle on impact of an external force, and facilitating improving an anti-dropping performance of the degradable plastic bottle.
Optionally, the resin mixture further includes 0.5-20 parts of polycaprolactone.
By adopting the above technical solution, adding the polycaprolactone can relieve a brittleness of poly butylene succinate, while improve a compatibility of polylactic acid and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, and improving a phase interface between polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid. Under the combined action on the improvement of the phase interface and the increase in compatibility of polylactic acid and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, the anti-dropping performance of the degradable plastic bottle can be further improved.
Optionally, the component of polylactic acid includes at least one of poly(L-lactide) and D-polylactic acid.
By adopting the above technical solution, poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) is a pair of chiral isomers of polylactic acid, when components of polylactic acid contain poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), a stereoscopic composite crystal is formed by melting and mixing poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), stacking of molecular chain of the stereoscopic composite crystal is more inseparable comparing to poly(L-lactide) crystal, poly(D-lactide) crystal. Meanwhile, since the stereoscopic composite crystal is formed, improving a regularity of polylactic acid, thereby achieving a compensation for the loss of regularity due to polybutylene adipate terephthalate, and reducing a negative impact of polybutylene adipate terephthalate on crystallinity of polylactic acid. Therefore, polylactic acid containing poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) can have a more higher crystallinity, which facilitates improving the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle against organic solvent.
Optionally, a weight ratio of poly(D-lactide) and poly(L-lactide) in polylactic acid is 1:(0.8-1.2).
By adopting the above technical solution, the weight ratio of poly(D-lactide) and poly(L-lactide) is preferably selected. Under a situation that content of poly(D-lactide) is close to that of poly(L-lactide), this facilitates forming the stereoscopic composite crystal in polylactic acid. The increasing of the content of the stereoscopic composite crystal can increase crystallinity of polylactic acid, which facilitates improving the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle against organic solvent.
Optionally, the average molecular weight of poly(L-lactide) is 1000-4200.
By adopting the above technical solution, when the average molecular weight of poly(L-lactide) is too large, a homogenous crystal can be easily formed by poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), which replaces the stereoscopic composite crystal. Therefore, the average molecular weight of poly(L-lactide) is preferably selected in the present application, the above range facilitates forming the stereoscopic composite crystal, thereby increasing the crystallinity of polylactic acid, and improving the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle against organic solvent.
Optionally, an average molecular weight of poly(D-lactide) is 1000-20000.
By adopting the above technical solution, when the average molecular weight of poly(D-lactide) is too large, poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) can be easy to form a homogenous crystal, not to form a stereoscopic composite crystal, similarly. Therefore, the average molecular weight of poly(D-lactide) is preferably selected in the present application, facilitating forming the stereoscopic composite crystal, improving the crystallinity of polylactic acid, and helping to improve the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent.
In addition, the resin mixture of the present application further can add some auxiliary components to improve performance, such as modified starch, talcum powder and compounded cross-linking agent (a composition of pectin and nano organic bentonite).
In a second aspect, the present application provides a resin mixture for preparing the degradable material, adopting the following technical solution as follows:
The resin mixture includes the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of polylactic acid, 20-50 parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, 0.5-20 parts of polymethyl ethylene carbonate, 0.5-20 parts of polyglycolic acid, and 1-10 parts of calcium carbonate.
Optionally, the resin mixture includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of polylactic acid, 30-40 parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, 5-15 parts of polymethyl ethylene carbonate, 5-15 parts of polyglycolic acid, and 3-7 parts of calcium carbonate.
Optionally, the resin mixture further includes 0.5-20 parts of poly butylene succinate (PBS).
Optionally, the resin mixture further includes 0.5-20 parts of polycaprolactone.
Optionally, the component of polylactic acid includes at least one of poly(L-lactide), poly(D-lactide).
Optionally, a weight ratio of poly(D-lactide) and the poly(L-lactide) in the polylactic acid is 1:(0.8-1.2).
Optionally, the average molecular weight of the poly(L-lactide) is 1000-4200.
Optionally, the average molecular weight of poly(D-lactide) is 1000-20000.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the degradable plastic bottle, adopting the following technical solution as follows:
A method for preparing the degradable plastic bottle, including the following steps:
By adopting the above technical solution, primarily melting the resin mixture in the present application, then extruding the melted mixture to obtain the combined degradable material, subsequently blowing at a temperature of 60-160° C.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a process for degrading the degradable plastic bottle, adopting the following technical solution:
A process for degrading the degradable plastic bottle, including the following steps as follows:
By adopting the above technical solution, each of organic components of the degradable plastic bottle in the present application is degradable material. Referring to the method of the present application to perform the degradation, the degradable plastic bottle, the recycled degradable plastic bottle is primarily crushed to obtain the crushed material, on this basis, range of the weight ratio of the crushed material and compost is preferably selected in the present application, according to the weight ratio, the degradation is namely achieved by composting treatment for 14-20 days at a temperature of 50-65° C.
In summary, the present application can achieve at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The polymethyl ethylene carbonate and polyglycolic acid are added in raw material of the degradable plastic bottle in the present application, the polymethyl ethylene carbonate can improve crystallization performance of polylactic acid, then nucleation of polyglycolic acid can improve the crystallinity of polylactic acid, improving the barrier effect of the pesticide bottle on organic solvent, reducing the possibility of components of the pesticide being lost, achieving a successful application of the degradable material on production of the pesticide bottle, and facilitating a long period of storage for the pesticide.
2. The components of polylactic acid in the present application includes at least one of poly(L-lactide), poly(D-lactide), when component of polylactic acid includes poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), the stereoscopic composite crystal is formed by mixing poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), increasing the crystallinity of polylactic acid, and improving the barrier effect of the pesticide bottle on organic solvent.
The present application will further described in detail below in connection with Examples, Preparation Examples and Comparative Examples. The raw materials involved in the present application can be commercially available.
Example 1 was described below as an example.
The present example provided a degradable plastic bottle, which was prepared by blowing molding of a combined degradable material forming by melting and extrusion molding a resin mixture. The resin mixture included the following components in parts by weight: 10 kg of polylactic acid, 20 kg of polybutylene adipate terephthalate, 0.5 kg of polymethyl ethylene carbonate, 0.5 kg of polyglycolic acid and 1 kg of calcium carbonate, in which polylactic acid was poly(L-lactide) with average molecule weight of 5000.
In the present example, the degradable plastic bottle was prepared according to the following steps:
As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-5 differed from one another by different proportioning of raw materials of the resin mixture.
The present Example further provided a process for degrading the degradable plastic bottle, including the following steps:
The present Example differed from Example 4 by further including 0.5 kg of poly butylene succinate.
As shown in Table 2, Examples 6-10 differed from one another by different usage amount of poly butylene succinate.
The present Example differed from Example 9 in that the resin mixture further included 0.5 kg of polycaprolactone.
As shown in Table 3, Examples 11-15 differed from one another by different usage amount of polycaprolactone.
The present Example differed from Example 4 in that polylactic acid was poly(D-lactide) with average molecule weight of 20000.
The present Example differed from Example 4 in that polylactic acid consisted of poly(L-lactide) with average molecule weight of 5000 and poly(D-lactide) with average molecule weight of 24000 by a weight ratio of 1:0.6.
As shown in Table 4, Examples 17-21 differed from one another by different weight ratios of poly(D-lactide) and poly(L-lactide).
As shown in Table 5, Examples 22-25 differed from Example 19 in that average molecule weight of poly(L-lactide) was different.
As shown in Table 6, Examples 26-29 differed from Example 24 in that average molecule weight of poly(D-lactide) was different.
A degradable plastic bottle for pesticide was prepared by blowing molding a mixture of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid at a temperature of 160° C. The mixture included 50 kg of polylactic acid (PLLA with average molecule weight of 5500), 40 kg of polybutylene adipate terephthalate and 5 kg of calcium carbonate, the mixture was prepared by the following method:
The Comparative Example differed from Example 4 in that there was no polymethyl ethylene carbonate in the components of the resin mixture.
The Comparative Example differed from Example 4 in that there was no polyglycolic acid in the components of the resin mixture.
Referring to a standard “American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D2684-1995 standard”, barrier performance of the degradable plastic bottle was tested, then permeability ratios of individual Examples, Comparative Examples and Comparative Example 1 were calculated, and the ratios were recorded as relative permeability. Results were shown in Table 7.
Referring to the standard “BB/T 0044-2007 packaging container plastic bottle for pesticide”, leakage amount (thermal storage weight loss) and air-tightness of the examples were tested. Results were shown in Table 8.
Fifteen degradable plastic bottle of the same example was used as samples to perform a test according to test method of anti-dropping performance recorded on the standard “BB/T 0044-2007 packaging container plastic bottle for pesticide”. When testing, the degradable plastic bottle was dropped repeatedly until it was damaged and leaked. After finishing testing a group of samples, average amount of times of anti-dropping were calculated corresponding to the occurrence of damage and leakage. After the average amount was calculated, the ratio of average amount for each group of samples and that for Example 4 was calculated, and relative anti-dropping performance was recorded. The calculation results of relative anti-dropping performance were shown in Table 9.
In addition, according to a fifth time for dropping stipulated in the standard “BB/T 0044-2007 packaging container plastic bottle for pesticide”, further testing anti-dropping performance for each Example. Results were shown in Table 10.
Referring to the standard “BB/T 0044-2007 packaging container plastic bottle for pesticide”, the axial bearing pressure and the internal pressure resistance were tested. Results were shown in Table 11.
Referring to the standards “ISO 14855-1:2012 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions—Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide—Part 1: General method” and “GB/T 19277.1-2011 Determination of ultimate aerobic biodegradation capacity of materials under controlled composting conditions using the method for determining released carbon dioxide Part 1: General method”, the degradation performance for degradable plastic bottle was tested, the average amount of test days were 147 days. The judgment content includes the following three indexes:
The judgment result was shown in Table 12
Referring to the standard “BB/T 0044-2007 packaging container plastic bottle for pesticide”, the appearance quality was tested, and judgement content included the following six indexes:
Judgement result was as shown in Table 13
Referring to Examples 1-5, Comparative Example 1 and Table 7, it can be seen that, the relative permeability tested by examples 1-5 was lower than that of the Comparative Example 1, indicating that crystallization performance of polylactic acid can be improved by adding polymethyl ethylene carbonate in the present application, and crystallinity of polylactic acid can be improved by nucleation action of polyglycolic acid, thereby improving the barrier effect of the pesticide bottle on organic solvent. The degradable plastic bottle of the present application can not only meet current technical requirements for the pesticide bottle, but also ensure a longer period of storage than the existing pesticide bottles without leakage, which facilitated long storage period of a pesticide. In the Examples 1-5, content of polylactic acid in Example 4 was relatively higher, thereby effect caused by improving the crystallinity of polylactic acid was more obvious. Therefore, the anti permeability performance of Example 4 was relatively better.
From Example 3, Comparative Example 2-3 and Table 7, it can be seen that, when there was no polymethyl ethylene carbonate in the resin mixture, even if polyglycolic acid can poly a role of nucleation, there is no obvious improvement in terms of crystallinity of polylactic acid. When there was no polyglycolic acid in the resin mixture, even if crystallization performance of polylactic acid can be improved by that polymethyl ethylene carbonate-facilitated rearrangement in chain segment of polylactic acid, the improvement for crystallinity of polylactic acid was further relatively limited.
From Examples 1-29 and Table 8, it can be seen that, the degradable plastic bottles of the examples in the present application can meet the relevant regulations on air-tightness and leakage amount in existing technical indicators.
From Example 4, Examples 6-10 and Table 9, it can be seen that, adding poly butylene succinate into resin mixture can improve anti-dropping performance of the degradable plastic bottle. As the addition of poly butylene succinate increased, the anti-dropping performance is gradually improved, too. However as the addition of poly butylene succinate increased, the improvement for anti-dropping performance does not shown a linear growth. After addition of poly butylene succinate was more than 20 weight parts, continually adding poly butylene succinate, it was found that the improvement in anti-dropping performance was relatively slight. In order to reduce raw material and control cost, achieving a better performance, and 0.5-20 parts of poly butylene succinate was preferably selected.
From Example 9, Examples 11-15 and Table 7, it can be seen that, on the basis of adding poly butylene succinate, adding polycaprolactone into resin mixture can further improve the anti-dropping performance of the degradable plastic bottle. As the addition of polycaprolactone increased, the anti-dropping performance can gradually be improved. However as the addition of polycaprolactone increased, the improvement of the anti-dropping performance does not show a linear growth. After the addition of polycaprolactone was more than 20 parts, it was found that, the improvement for anti-dropping performance was relatively slight in spite of continuous addition of polycaprolactone. In order to reduce raw material and control cost, achieving a better performance, and 0.5-20 parts of polycaprolactone was preferably selected.
From Example 4, Example 16 and Table 7, it can be seen that, after poly(L-lactide) repolylactic acidced poly(D-lactide), since molecule amount was increasing, so that the crystallinity of polylactic acid decreased, resulting in that the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent decreased.
From Example 4, Example 16, Examples 17-21 and Table 7, it can be seen that, the stereoscopic composite crystal was formed by mixing poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide), improving the crystallinity of polylactic acid, and improving the barrier effect of the pesticide bottle on organic solvent. In addition, the usage ratio of poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) was in the range of 1:(0.8-1.2), barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent was better, which facilitated long period of storage for pesticide.
From Example 19, Examples 22-29 and Table 7, it can be seen that, poly(L-lactide) and poly(D-lactide) with appropriate average molecule weight facilitated forming the stereoscopic composite crystal, helping improving barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent. When average molecule weight of poly(L-lactide) is larger than 4200 and that of poly(D-lactide) is more than 20000, the barrier effect of the degradable plastic bottle on organic solvent can be relatively insignificant.
From Examples 1-29 and Tables 10-13, it can be seen that, the degradable plastic bottles of Examples in the present application can meet the relevant regulations on anti-dropping performance, axial bearing pressure, internal pressure resistance, degradation performance and appearance quality in existing technical indicators.
The above are the preferred embodiments of the present application, which are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202310150872.5 | Feb 2023 | CN | national |
The present application is a continuation of PCT application no. PCT/CN2023/085910, filed on Apr. 3, 2023, which claims the priority and benefits of China patent application No. 202310150872.5, filed on Feb. 22, 2023. The entireties of PCT application no. PCT/CN2023/085910 and China patent application No. 202310150872.5 are hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2023/085910 | Apr 2023 | WO |
| Child | 18769878 | US |
