Claims
- 1. A degradable molded article comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer, comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive;
- c) wherein said molded article has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi; and
- d) wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 500,000.
- 2. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said molded article is selected from the group consisting of spoons, forks and knives.
- 3. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 4. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 5. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 6. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 7. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, .epsilon.-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 8. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 9. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis (2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 10. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 11. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 12. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR7## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 13. The molded article of claim 1, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 14. A laminated composite material comprising a resin comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said resin has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
- 15. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said resin forms a tie layer.
- 16. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said resin forms an outer protective coating.
- 17. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 500,000.
- 18. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 19. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 20. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 21. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 22. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, e-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 23. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters, oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 24. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 25. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 26. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 27. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR9## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 28. The laminated composite material of claim 14, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 29. A coextrudate material comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR10## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said polymer has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
- 30. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 500,000.
- 31. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 32. The coextrudate material of claim 28, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 33. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 34. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 35. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, .epsilon.-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 36. The coextrudate material of claim 25, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 37. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis (2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 38. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 39. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 40. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR11## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 41. The coextrudate material of claim 29, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 42. A foam material comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR12## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said foam material has a weight average molecular weight of between about 50,000 and about 500,000.
- 43. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said foam material has a T.sub.g of between about 100.degree. C. and about 105.degree. C.
- 44. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said polymer is semi-crystalline and not transparent.
- 45. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 46. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 47. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 48. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 49. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, e-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitrites, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 50. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 51. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis (2-butoxyethyl) adipate; bis (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexylphthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000,.azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 52. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 53. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 54. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR13## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 55. The foam material of claim 42, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 56. An adhesive material comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR14## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said adhesive material has a weight average molecular weight of between about 5,000 and about 200,000.
- 57. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said polymer has a T.sub.g of less than room temperature to about 100.degree. C.
- 58. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 59. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 60. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 61. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 62. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, e-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 63. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 64. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis (2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexylphthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 65. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 66. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 67. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR15## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 68. The adhesive material of claim 56, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 69. A coating material comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR16## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said coating material has a molecular weight in the range of from about 10,000 to about 100,000.
- 70. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 71. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 72. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 73. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 74. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, .epsilon.-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 75. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 76. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modified comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis (2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 77. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 78. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 79. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR17## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 80. The coating material of claim 69, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 81. A spun-bonded nonwoven material comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR18## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said polymer has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
- 82. The spun-bonded nonwoven material as claimed in claim 81, wherein said spun-bonded nonwoven material is fabricated into a product selected from the group consisting of envelopes, towels, cloth wipes and fabrics.
- 83. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said polymer has a weight average molecular weight from about 100,000 to about 500,000.
- 84. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said repeating monomer or comonomer units comprise repeating monomer or comonomer units derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, gamma-hydroxycarboxylic acids, delta-hydroxycarboxylic acids, epsilon-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, gamma-lactones, delta-lactones, epsilon-lactones, beta-lactams, gamma-lactams, delta-lactams, epsilon-lactams, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, dioxanones, substituted variations of the foregoing compounds, and combinations thereof.
- 85. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said polymer is produced by polymerization of monomers, at least 50% by weight of which are monomers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, and combinations thereof.
- 86. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said lactide monomers comprise a preponderance of optically active lactide and a lesser amount of optically inactive lactide selected from the group consisting of racemic L,D-lactide and meso L,D-lactide.
- 87. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier is thermally and chemically stable at temperatures below about 130.degree. C.
- 88. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, e-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, ketones, amides, nitriles, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 89. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of adipic acid derivatives, azelaic acid derivatives, cyclic esters of oligomers of lactic acid, esters of oligomers of lactic acid, citric acid derivatives, polyesters of adipic acid, polyesters of azelaic acid, polyesters of sebacic acid, sebacic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives, glycol derivatives, phthalic acid derivatives, phosphoric acid derivatives, and combinations thereof.
- 90. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, diisodecyl adipate, bis(2-butoxyethyl) adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)azelate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, acetylated lactoyllactate ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl citrate, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, epoxidized soy oil, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, diethylene glycol dinonanoate, triethylene glycol di(2-ethylbutyrate), pentaerythritol esters, alkoxy sucrose and glucose, acylated sucrose and glucose, alkylated and acylated glycols, starch esters, N-acylated amino acid esters, amide derivatives and oligomers of N-acylated amino acid esters, polyethylene glycol ethers, sulfonamides and derivatives, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl, phthalate, butyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, sebacic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, di-n-butyl sebacate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, and combinations thereof.
- 91. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, derivatives of tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of tricarboxylic acids, cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, derivatives of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, oligomers of cyclic diesters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, beta-lactones, delta-lactones, gamma-lactones, epsilon-lactones, oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, esters of oligomers of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, and combinations of the foregoing.
- 92. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifier selected from the group consisting of di-n-hexyl adipate, lactide, epsilon-caprolactone, glycolide, delta-valerolactone, oligomeric lactic acid, oligomeric lactic acid ethyl ester, tri-n-butyl acetylcitrate, adipic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 190 to about 6000, azelaic acid polyester with molecular weight from about 232 to about 7500, and combinations thereof.
- 93. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, lactide, oligomers of lactic acid, oligomers of lactide and mixtures thereof, wherein said oligomers of lactic acid and oligomers of lactide are defined by the formula: ##STR19## where m is an integer: 2<m<75.
- 94. The spun-bonded nonwoven material of claim 81, wherein said modifier comprises modifiers selected from the group consisting of acetyl tributyl citrate, lactide, glycolide, lactic acid esters, dimethyl adipate, diethyl adipate, caprolactone, acetyl triethyl citrate, bis 2-ethyl hexyl sebacate, and bis 2-ethyl hexyl adipate.
- 95. A garbage bag comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR20## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said garbage bag has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
- 96. A flexible bottle comprising:
- a) a nontoxic hydrolytically degradable polymer comprising repeating monomer or comonomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR21## wherein X is the same or different and is O or NR' with R' being the same or different and being H, hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where n.sub.1 and n.sub.2 can be the same or different and are an integer of from 1-12;
- b) a nontoxic modifier, wherein said modifier is compatible with said polymer and said modifier is nonvolatile and nonfugitive; and
- c) wherein said flexible bottle has a tensile strength of less than about 20,000 psi.
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/950,854, filed Sep. 22, 1992, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,502,158 a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 7/579,000, U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,050 entitled "Blends of Polylactic Acid"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/579,005, U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,765 entitled "Biodegradable Packaging Thermoplastics from Polylactic Acid"; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/579,460, U.S. Pat. No.. 5,252,642 entitled "Degradable Impact Modified Polylactic Acid"; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/579,465, entitled "Biodegradable Replacement of Crystal Polystyrene"; all filed on Sep. 6, 1990; which are continuation-in-parts of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 07/387,676; 07/387,678; 07/386,844; and 07/387,670; respectively, all filed on Jul. 31, 1989, and now abandoned; which are continuation-in-parts of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 07/229,894, filed Aug. 8, 1988; 07/229,896, filed Aug. 8, 1988; 07/317,391, filed Mar. 1, 1989; and 07/229,939, filed Aug. 8, 1988; respectively, now abandoned; and all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
5502158 |
Sinclair |
Mar 1996 |
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Related Publications (9)
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Date |
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579005 |
Sep 1990 |
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579460 |
Sep 1990 |
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579465 |
Sep 1990 |
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387678 |
Jul 1989 |
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386844 |
Jul 1989 |
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387670 |
Jul 1989 |
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229896 |
Aug 1988 |
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317391 |
Mar 1989 |
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229939 |
Aug 1988 |
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Continuations (1)
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Date |
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Parent |
950854 |
Sep 1992 |
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Continuation in Parts (3)
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Date |
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579000 |
Sep 1990 |
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Parent |
387676 |
Jul 1989 |
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Parent |
229894 |
Aug 1988 |
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