Claims
- 1. A method for dehydrogenating a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon comprising contacting the hydrocarbon, at dehydrogenation conditions, with a catalytic composite comprising a porous carrier material containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, and about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % bismuth; wherein the platinum group metal, catalytically available nickel and bismuth are uniformly dispersed throughout the porous carrier material; wherein substantially all of the platinum group metal is present in the elemental metallic state; and wherein substantially all of the catalytically available nickel is present in the elemental metallic state or in a state which is reducible to the elemental metallic state under dehydrogenation conditions or in a mixture of these states.
- 2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is admixed with hydrogen when it contacts the catalytic composite.
- 3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the platinum group metal is platinum.
- 4. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the platinum group metal is iridium.
- 5. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the platinum group metal is rhodium.
- 6. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the platinum group metal is palladium.
- 7. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the catalytic composite is in a sulfur-free state.
- 8. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the porous carrier material is a refractory inorganic oxide.
- 9. A method as defined in claim 8 wherein the refractory inorganic oxide is alumina.
- 10. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is an aliphatic compound containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- 11. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is a normal paraffin hydrocarbon containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- 12. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is a naphthene.
- 13. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is an alkylaromatic, the alkyl group of which contains about 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- 14. A method as defined in claim 2 wherein the dehydrogenation conditions include a temperature of 700.degree. to about 1200.degree. F., a pressure of 0.1 to 10 atmospheres, a LHSV of 1 to 40 hr..sup.-1, and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio of about 1:1 to about 20:1.
- 15. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the composite contains on an elemental basis, about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 2.5 wt. % nickel and about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % bismuth.
- 16. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metals content of the catalytic composite is adjusted so that the atomic ratio of bismuth to platinum group metal is about 0.1:1 to about 2:1 and the atomic ratio of nickel to platinum group metal is about 0.1:1 to about 66:1.
- 17. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein substantially all of the bismuth is present therein in an oxidation state above that of the elemental metal.
- 18. A method as defined in claim 17 wherein substantially all of the bismuth is present in the catalytic composite as bismuth oxide or bismuth aluminate.
- 19. A nonacidic catalytic composite comprising a porous carrier material containing, on an elemental basis, about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % nickel, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % bismuth; wherein the platinum group metal, catalytically available nickel, bismuth and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal are uniformly dispersed throughout the porous carrier material; wherein substantially all of the platinum group metal is present in the elemental metallic state; wherein substantially all of the catalytically available nickel is present in the elemental metallic state or in a state which is reducible to the elemental metallic state under dehydrogenation conditions or in a mixture of these states; and wherein substantially all of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is present in an oxidation state above that of the elemental metal.
- 20. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the porous carrier material is a refractory inorganic oxide.
- 21. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 20 wherein the refractory inorganic oxide is alumina.
- 22. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is potassium.
- 23. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal is lithium.
- 24. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the catalytic composite is in a sulfur-free state.
- 25. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the composite contains, on an elemental basis, about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % platinum group metal, about 0.1 to about 2.5 wt. % nickel, about 0.05 to about 1 wt. % bismuth and about 0.25 to about 3.5 wt. % alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.
- 26. A nonacidic catalytic composite as defined in claim 19 wherein the metals contents thereof is adjusted so that the atomic ratio of bismuth to platinum group metal is about 0.1:1 to about 2:1, the atomic ratio of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to platinum group metal is about 5:1 to about 100:1 and the atomic ratio of nickel to platinum group metal is about 0.1:1 to 66:1.
- 27. A method for dehydrogenating a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon comprising contacting the hydrocarbon with the nonacidic catalytic composite defined by claim 19 at dehydrogenation conditions.
- 28. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is admixed with hydrogen when it contacts the catalytic composite.
- 29. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is an aliphatic compound containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- 30. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is a normal paraffin hydrocarbon containing about 4 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- 31. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is a normal paraffin hydrocarbon containing about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms per molecule.
- 32. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is an alkylaromatic, the alkyl group of which contains about 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- 33. A method as defined in claim 27 wherein the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon is a naphthene.
- 34. A method as defined in claim 28 wherein the dehydrogenation conditions include a temperature of about 700.degree. to about 1200.degree. F., a pressure of about 0.1 to about 10 atmospheres, an LHSV of about 1 to 40 hr..sup.-1, and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio of about 1:1 to about 20:1.
- 35. A method as defined in claim 28 wherein the contacting is performed in the presence of water or a water-producing substance in an amount corresponding to about 1 to about 1000 wt. ppm. based on hydrocarbon charge.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of my prior, copending application Ser. No. 724,892 filed Sept. 20, 1976 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,036,743 on July 19, 1977. All of the teachings of this prior application are specifically incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (2)
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
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724892 |
Sep 1976 |
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