Patent Application
20190253212
The present invention relates to an apparatus for mapping payload data of mapping input data streams onto a mapping output data stream having a channel bandwidth for transmission in a multi-carrier broadcast system. Further, the present invention relates to a transmission apparatus for transmitting data within a multi-carrier broadcast system. Still further, the present invention relates to corresponding methods, and a computer readable nontransitory medium.
The present invention relates, for instance, to the field of Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) utilizing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Further, the present invention can generally be applied in other broadcast systems, such as DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), DRM, MediaFlo, or ISDB systems.
The transmission parameters of known broadcast systems, such as the broadcast systems in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard (second generation digital terrestrial television broadcast systems standard as defined in ETSI EN 302. 755 V1.1.1 (2009-09) “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure Channel Coding and Modulation for a Second Generation Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast system (DVB-T2)”), are a Second Generation Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast system (DVB-T2)⇄), are generally optimized for fixed reception with stationary receivers, e.g. with roof-top antennas, for which low power consumption is not a main issue. Further, according to this standard a fixed channel bandwidth is generally used. In future broadcast systems, such as the upcoming DVB-NGH (DVB Next Generation Handheld; in the following also referred to as NCH) standard, a mobile receiver (which is the main focus of this upcoming standard) shall support a variety of different channel bandwidths, e.g. ranging from 1.7 MHz to 20 MHz wide channels. However, it is difficult for a mobile receiver to receive larger bandwidths up to 20 MHz due to its limited processing power. Furthermore, it has to account for specific needs of mobile and handheld reception, i.e. low power consumption and high robustness.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a corresponding method for mapping payload data of mapping input data streams onto a mapping output data stream having a channel bandwidth for transmission in a multi-carrier broadcast system, which enable the use of narrow-band receivers having a low power consumption. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a corresponding transmission apparatus and method, a computer program for implementing the ‘napping method on a computer, a computer readable non-transitory medium, as well as an appropriate frame structure.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for mapping payload data of mapping input data streams onto a mapping output data stream having a channel bandwidth for transmission in a multi-carrier broadcast system, said apparatus comprising
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a transmission apparatus for transmitting data within a multi-carrier broadcast system comprising an apparatus for mapping as defined above and a transmitter unit for transmitting the mapping output data stream.
According to further aspects of the present invention there is provided a method for mapping payload data of mapping input data streams onto a mapping output data stream and a computer readable non-transitory medium having instructions stored thereon which, when carried out on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the method according to the present invention is provided.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It shall be understood that the claimed mapping method and the claimed computer readable non-transitory medium have similar and/or identical preferred embodiments as the claimed mapping apparatus and as defined in the dependent claims.
The present invention is based on the idea to construct the mapping output data stream such that it comprises two different types of frames, each having its own frame structure. These two types of frames are alternately arranged in the mapping output data stream such that alternately one or more second frames follow one or more first frames and so on as, for instance, defined in the superframe structure according to the DVB-T2 standard, according to which T2-frames and FEF frames (Future Extension Frames) are alternately arranged.
The first frames are designed for reception by a first type of receiver, e.g. a stationary receiver such as a DVB-T2 receiver, while the second frames are designed for reception by a second type of receiver, e.g. a mobile receiver such as a DVB-NGH receiver. To enable, however, the use of narrow-band receivers for receiving and processing the second frames despite both the first and second frames use the same (fixed) channel bandwidth, it is further proposed according to the present invention to apply the concept of band segmentation in the second frame structure. Such a segmentation of the payload portion (which carries the actual payload data) of the second frames, according to which the payload portion is segmented into (two or more) data segments each covering a bandwidth portion of the total channel bandwidth, the power consumption of the used narrow-band receiver can be kept low. Additionally, one fixed receiver tuner bandwidth is sufficient for the reception of all available transmission bandwidths.
The frame structure applied for the second frames thus uses the band segmentation concept as, for instance, described in the DVB-C2 standard (DVB BlueBook A138 “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second generation digital transmission system for cable systems (DVB-C2)”) according to which the total channel bandwidth is divided into data slices (generally referred to herein as “data segments”). Quite similar as described in the DVB-C2 standard, the second frames comprise a preamble portion and a payload portion, wherein the preamble portion comprises at least one preamble symbol carrying at least one preamble signalling block including signalling data. The data segments of the payload portion may have flexible bandwidths and are generally not aligned to a frequency raster. All data of a mapping input data stream may be transmitted within one data segment, but this is not an essential requirement as will be explained below. Further, the preamble signalling blocks may not be aligned to the frequency raster of the data segments. Data segments may also be combined in frequency direction to an overall broader data pipe having a broader bandwidth, and may also contain data of more than one mapping input data stream.
Further, the concept of absolute OFDM may be applied for the frame structure of the second frames, according to which all OFDM subcarriers are seen relative to the absolute frequency 0 MHz instead of a signal center frequency. Reason for the application of absolute OFDM and unique pilot pattern across the medium spectrum, as applied in DVB-C2, is to avoid in the preamble symbols repeating OFDM subcarrier allocations in the frequency domain that result in an increased PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio). Furthermore, the recognition of signals provided for particular receivers (e.g. mobile receivers, for instance according to the upcoming DVB-NGH standard) during initial acquisition gets faster and more reliable with the help of the frequency specific pilot patterns.
The frame structure applied for the first frames may, as proposed according to a preferred embodiment, be the frame structure as described in the DVB-T2 standard for the T2-frames, and the second frames may be the FEF frames as described in the DVB-T2 standard. Both frames may thus be arranged alternately to obtain a superframe structure as generally described in the DVB-T2 standard. Further, both frames may carry data from the same mapping input data streams but with a different robustness level and different data throughput (i.e. different data density) if designed for reception by different kinds of receivers. For instance, the first frames may carry the data with a high density for reception by stationary receivers, while the second frames may carry the same data with low density for reception by mobile receivers. In other embodiments, however, the two different types of frames may carry data from different (or only partly the same) mapping input data streams, for instance if different services or data shall be provided to the different kinds of receivers.
According to a preferred embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping the data blocks (also referred to as “bursts” or “data patterns”) of a mapping input data stream onto a second frame such that they are mapped onto a single data segment or onto two or more, in particular neighbouring, data segments of said second frame. In particular, the data blocks are mapped onto data symbols of a single or of two or more (bundled) data segments. A “data symbol” thus has to be understood as a portion (in time direction) of a data segment, onto which a data block can be mapped.
Hence, as mentioned above, data segments can be combined to obtain a broader “data segment”, which is also referred to as a “data pipe”. The same concept of a segmented payload portion of the second frames can be used, even if mapping input data streams having a higher data density shall be mapped onto a second frame. According to a more general scenario the data blocks of a particular mapping input data stream are mapped onto two or more data segments, which are not neighbouring in frequency direction. In all these embodiments the receiver needs to have a broader bandwidth.
Preferably, the second frame forming means is adapted for selecting the number of, in particular neighbouring, data symbols per second frame onto which the data blocks of a mapping input data stream are mapped. Hence, according to this embodiment the number of data symbols onto which the data blocks of a mapping input data stream are mapped is not fixed, but is variable, in particular according to the needs of the respective mapping input data stream.
In an embodiment, the second frame forming means is adapted for varying the number of, in particular neighbouring, data symbols used at a time onto which the data blocks of a mapping input data stream are mapped. Hence, at a time (preferably at each time), the number of data symbols onto which (preferably different) data blocks of a mapping input data stream are mapped, is generally not fixed (e.g. as in other embodiments where a predetermined number of, e.g. one or two, data segments are selected for mapping data blocks of a mapping input data stream), but is adaptable. Preferably, as provided for in another embodiment, the second frame forming means is adapted for varying the number of, in particular neighbouring, data symbols used at a time onto which the data blocks of a mapping input data stream from second frame to second frame and/or within a second frame are mapped. Thus, during the mapping the number of required data symbols (preferably neighbouring data symbols of neighbouring data segments) can be selected on the fly. For instance, if at a certain time only a low data rate is required (e.g. for transmitting still pictures only or coded video data with low amount of data), only a single data symbol might be sufficient, while at another time, at which a high data rate is required (e.g. for transmitting video data with a high amount of data, for instance due to a lot of motion in the video), two or more data symbols are selected for mapping two or more data blocks of the mapping input data stream onto them.
According to a further embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto a second frame such that they are spread in time and frequency over various data symbols and various data segments of said second frame. Hence, according to this embodiment, the data blocks of a mapping input data stream are not only mapped onto a single data segment or onto two or more data segments, but are mapped onto various, e.g. all, data segments of the second frame. In other words, time and frequency multiplexing is applied to the data blocks of a mapping input data stream providing time and frequency diversity increasing the overall robustness against different kinds of disturbances that might appear on the transmission channel, which is particularly important when considering the reception by mobile receivers. In addition, the data contained in the data blocks may be interleaved in advance, and generally the data are also protected by a forward error correction code, such as an UPC code.
Preferably,the second frame-forming means is adapted for selecting the bandwidth of said data segments of the payload portion of the second frames. Hence, the bandwidth may be variable and selected as needed, for instance according to the amount of data of a mapping input data stream to be mapped on the second frames. Alternatively, as proposed according to another embodiment, the data segments of the payload portion of the second frames may have a predetermined bandwidth, in particular an equal bandwidth, in all second frames. The latter embodiment requires less signalling since the receivers can be appropriately adapted in advance for reception of the known predetermined bandwidth.
Further, according to an embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto a second frame such that at each time at most one data symbol comprises a data block of a particular mapping input data stream. Hence, according to this embodiment a further improvement of time diversity is obtained further increasing robustness and a narrow-band receiver can detect this service.
Further, in an embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto a second frame such that the data blocks are irregularly mapped onto data symbols of the second frame. This embodiment also contributes to an increase of the robustness, in particular against regular disturbances. Irregular particularly means that there is no predefined or any regular mapping, e.g. that is periodic in time and/or frequency direction, of the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto the data symbols both in time and frequency direction, e.g. a sequential sorted arrangement that could be susceptible to periodic disturbances.
Still further, in an embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto a second frame such that between data symbols carrying a data block of a particular mapping input data stream there is one or more data symbol in time direction carrying no data block of the same particular mapping input data stream. This embodiment also contributes to an increase of the robustness, but provides the further advantage that the receiver may fall into sleep mode and, thus, save power in between data symbols carrying data blocks of the mapping input data stream that shall be received, i.e. data symbols carrying no data blocks of the mapping input data stream that shall be received are not received or at least not completely processed in the receiver. Further, this provides the ability to the receiver to estimate the channel prior of fully waking up.
According to a preferred embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for segmenting the preamble portion of the second frames into preamble segments all having an identical fixed bandwidth. This solution corresponds, as mentioned above, to the segmentation of the preamble portion as, for instance, described in the DVB-C2 standard according to which L1 blocks are provided in the preamble portion. In an embodiment the bandwidth of the preamble segments is equal to or larger than the bandwidth of the data segments. Alternatively, the bandwidth can also be smaller, e.g. if less signalling information must be put into the preamble segments. Generally, the bandwidth of both the preamble segments and the data segments is smaller than the receiver bandwidth.
In a further embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping substantially the same signalling data onto all preamble segments of the preamble portion of a second frame. Thus, the same signalling data is continuously provided in the preamble signalling blocks (which might slightly differ from each other, e.g. have different pilots and/or are differently scrambled), but enable a receiver always to be able to receive signalling data, irrespective to which data segment it is tuned. Hence, even if the tuning position of a receiver is not aligned to the frequency raster of the preamble segments, the receiver is able to obtain the signalling data by sorting the signalling data out of two adjacent preamble signalling blocks since the signalling data is preferably cyclically repeated within the preamble portion.
To enable the receiver to obtain all the required signalling information for receiving all the data blocks of the desired data stream, which is particular important if the data blocks are multiplexed in time and frequency direction and/or if they are irregularly mapped onto the second frame, various embodiments exist for informing the receivers accordingly.
According to one embodiment all the required signalling information could be put into the preamble signalling blocks. This, however, would require quite large preamble signalling blocks forcing the receiver to receive and process quite a lot of information which is not all required if only one particular data stream shall be received, i.e. the signalling data for the other data streams is not required and thus superfluous in such situation. This would also lead to time delays of the processing of the actual data to be received. On the other hand, one advantage would be that zapping could be faster, as all signalling information is already known.
Hence, according to a preferred embodiment the at least one preamble signalling block comprises only high level, rough signalling information about the mapping of the data blocks onto the data segments of the second frames and the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping payload portion signalling blocks comprising low level, more detailed signalling information about the mapping of the data blocks onto the data symbols of the second frames. According to this embodiment the main information for enabling the receiver to receive and process a particular data stream is provided in said payload portion signalling blocks, which can generally be regarded and processed by the second frame forming means as an own mapping input stream and which can thus be mapped onto the second frames in the same way as the other mapping input data streams. The information contained in the payload portion signalling blocks thus, for instance, contains the information about the code rate, modulation, number of subsequently arranged FEC-frames, the number of data blocks within a frame and the information about the location of the data blocks within the second frame. This information for a particular mapping input data stream can either be put into one payload portion signalling block and can be cyclically repeated, or it can be divided into several pieces of information distributed over multiple payload portion signalling blocks. The use of such payload portion signalling blocks mapped onto the payload portion provides the additional advantage that a time diversity of said payload portion signalling blocks can be provided resulting in a higher robustness of the signalling information. This signalling is similar to the IA signalling as done according to the DVB-T2 standard, whereby further or other parameters are included as needed.
To enable the receiver to find at least one payload portion signalling block the at least one preamble signalling block preferably comprises at least one pointer to a payload portion signalling block. Hence, the receiver first obtains said pointer from the preamble signalling block and then uses the pointer to find the payload portion signalling block by use of said pointer, obtains the signalling information contained therein which then enables the receiver to find the data blocks of the desired data stream. Hence, the preamble signalling blocks can be short since basically pointers and only some other general signalling information needs to be provided therein.
The provision and use of a pointer in the preamble portion is, however, not mandatory. For instance, according to an alternative embodiment, the position of the payload portion signalling block(s) is predefined and known a priori in the receiver, e.g. predefined in a standard or pre-programmed in the transmitter and all receivers.
In an even more elaborate embodiment it is proposed that the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping in-band signalling information comprising low level, more detailed signalling information about the mapping of data blocks of a particular mapping input data stream onto the data segments of the second frames into one or more of said data symbols, in particular into all data symbols carrying data blocks of said particular mapping input data stream. Hence, the concept of in-band signalling may additionally be used in the second frames. Said in-band signalling information may, for instance comprise the information where the next data block of the same mapping input data stream can be found. Thus, all this signalling information needs not to be decoded from the preamble signalling blocks and/or the payload portion signalling blocks, which thus only need to enable the receiver to find the first data block. If the receiver has decoded said data blocks it can also read the in-band signalling information contained therein enabling the receiver to find the next data block. This concept is preferably provided in the data blocks of all mapping input data streams mapped onto the second frames.
According to still another embodiment the second frame forming means is adapted for mapping payload portion signalling blocks onto data symbols of one or more particular second frames, wherein signalling information, in particular pointers, about the mapping of the data blocks onto the data symbols of one or more subsequent second frames, in particular the next second superframe, is included into said payload portion signalling blocks. Hence, in a frame all the required signalling information can be found by the receiver in the payload portion signalling blocks that are required to find all data blocks mapped onto one or more subsequent frames, i.e. a group of frames or the frames of a superframe. This requires for the receiver a bit more time for obtaining all the signalling information, but allows instant zapping of the receiver between all data streams without any waiting time for first obtaining the required signalling information. In other words, the signalling information is obtained in advance and without knowing if and which parts thereof all are really required by the receiver.
According to a further refinement the second frame forming means is adapted for including offset signalling information indicating changes of the mapping of the data blocks between said one or more particular second frames and said one or more subsequent second frames into in-band signalling information of a data block or into one or more payload portion signalling blocks mapped onto data symbols of said one or more particular second frames. Hence, at the end of a frame said offset signalling information can be mapped as in-band signalling information into one or more data blocks. Alternatively, said offset signalling information can be mapped into one or more payload portion signalling blocks. Said offset signalling information indicates how the signalling information changes from this (group(s) of) second frame(s) to the next (group(s) of) second frame(s) (or any other subsequent frame(s)) so that in the next (or subsequent) (group(s) of second) frame(s) all the signalling information must not necessarily be mapped into payload portion signalling blocks or must at least not be obtained by the receiver. In other words, mainly some offset information is mapped into the frames to save mapping space and time (in the receiver, which can be continuously tuned to the desired data stream and needs not access the payload portion signalling blocks again).
As mentioned above, the first frames may be formed in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard and the second frames may be formed in accordance with the DVB-C2 standard. The mapping input data streams can thus be regarded as physical layer pipes, wherein each physical layer pipe is segmented into subslices or bursts representing the above-mentioned data blocks, which carry error correction code encoded, interleaved data. The invention, however, is not limited to such embodiments and applications, but other frame structures and other kinds of mapping input data streams in other applications (using other standards or no particular standard) may be used as well.
In the above, the present invention has been illustrated with reference to embodiments where two different types of frames are mapped onto a mapping output data stream. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus and a corresponding method for mapping payload data of mapping input data streams onto a mapping output data stream having a channel bandwidth for transmission in a multi-carrier broadcast system, wherein said apparatus comprises:
Quite similar as mentioned above, according to further aspects of the present invention there is provided a transmission apparatus and a corresponding transmission method employing such a mapping apparatus and a computer program for implementing said mapping method.
It shall be understood that the apparatus, methods, computer program and frame structure according to these aspects have similar and/or identical preferred embodiments as explained above and as claimed in the dependent claims.
Hence, an essential aspect of the present invention according to which the data blocks of a mapping input data stream are mapped onto a frame such that they are spread in time and frequency over various data symbols and various data segments of the frame can generally also be applied if the mapping output data stream only comprises one type of frames and not only if, as explained above, a mapping output data stream comprises alternately arranged first and second frames of different types and having different frame structures. Thus, according to this aspect, the concept of segmentation of the available bandwidth which allows for reduced power consumption due to the application's narrow-band receivers is also exploited, but a further time and frequency multiplexing of the data blocks (as explained above in a preferred embodiment of the frame structure of the second frames) is additionally applied to achieve the above explained advantages.
This aspect may find applications in multi-carrier broadcast systems in which a separate frame structure is defined for use by all receivers of a particular broadcast system. For instance, if a separate broadcast system with own definitions of the applied frame structure is used for mobile receivers, such a frame structure may be used.
These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from and explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter. In the following drawings
For frame forming and mapping the data blocks of received mapping input data streams onto frames two different frame forming units 14 and 16 are provided. A first frame forming unit 14 maps the data blocks of a first group of mapping input data streams, e.g. of mapping input data streams S1, S2 and S3, onto first frames F1 having a first frame structure also covering the total channel bandwidth. In addition, the signalling data S1 are incorporated into said first frames F1 for signalling the required data to receivers of a first type that are adapted for receiving and processing said first frames F1.
A second group of mapping input data streams, e.g. the mapping input data streams S1, S4 and S5, are provided to the second frame forming unit 16 which maps them onto second frames F2 having a second frame structure covering the total channel bandwidth. The second frame structure is generally different from the first frame structure, and the second frames F2 are generally provided for reception and processing by different types of receivers. Also the second frame forming unit 16 uses signalling data S1 for incorporation into the second frames F2 for use by the receivers. Those frames F1, F2, in particular both sequences of first frames F1 and second frames F2 generated by the first frame forming unit 14 and the second frame forming unit 16, are then further processed by a stream forming unit 18 which alternately arranges one or more first frames F1 and one or more second frames F2, thus forming the mapping output data stream Q. Said mapping output data stream is then outputted by a data output 20 for further processing and/or transmission.
The transmitter 30 comprises a first pre-processing unit 32 and a second pre-processing unit 34. The first pre-processing unit 32 receives transmitter input data streams I1, I2, . . . , Im and pre-processes them to obtain the mapping input data streams S1, S2, . . . , Sm. The transmitter input data streams I1, I2, . . . , Im may, for instance, be one or more (e.g. MPEG-2) transport streams) and/or one or more generic stream(s), and the data may be carried therein in individual Physical Layer Pipes PLPs.
The first pre-processing unit 32 is, in this exemplary embodiment, adapted in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard and comprises elements for input processing and Bit Interleaved Coding & Modulation (BICM). Such means may include means for CRC encoding, header insertion, padding insertion, scrambling, FEC encoding (LDPC/BCH) bit interleaving, bit to cell demultiplexing, cell to constellation mapping, constellation rotation and cyclic Q-delaying, cell interleaving and time interleaving, just to name a few elements that are generally provided as explained in detail in the DVB-T2 standard. Those elements are commonly known and described in detail in the DVB-T2 standard so that no further explanations are provided here.
The second pre-processing unit 34 is, in this exemplary embodiment, adapted for pre-processing the received transmitter input data streams I1, I2, Ip, which may be different from, partly equal or completely equal to the transmitter input data streams I1, I2, . . . , Im (which depends mainly on the kinds of services provided to the different types of receivers). In an embodiment, said pre-processing may be performed in the same or in a similar way as described in the DVB-T2 standard (or, alternatively, in the DVB-C2 standard), possibly with additional adaptions according to the needs of the desired application. Hence, said pre-processing unit 34 comprises, in this exemplary embodiment, means for input processing and Bit Interleaved Coding & Modulation (BICM). Said means may particularly comprise means for input stream synchronization, null packet detection, CRC-encoding, header insertion, scrambling, FEC (BCH/LDPC) encoding, bit interleaving, bit to cell demultiplexing, cell to constellation mapping and frame header insertion. Again, these means are generally known and described in detail in the DVB-T2 standard and the DVB-C2 standard so that no further explanations are provided here.
It shall be noted that any time reference is made to any standard herein, the various explanations provided in the cited standard, particularly in the DVB-T2 standard and the DVB-C2 standard, to which reference has been made above and will be made below, are herein incorporated by reference herewith.
The output of the first and second pre-processing units 32, 34 are then provided as mapping input data streams S1, S2, . . . , Sm and S1, S2, . . . , Sp to the mapping apparatus 10, which is generally adapted as explained above with respect to
Next, frame forming in the first frame forming unit 14 shall be explained. If applied in transmitter 30 as depicted in
A block diagram of an embodiment of the second frame forming unit 16 is schematically depicted in
The output from the data slice processing units 164, the preamble, edge pilots and scrambling sequences, are then provided to a framing unit 165, which assembles the different data slices and the preamble to the complete framing structure to be used for the second frames F2. Furthermore, it adds the edge pilot next to the highest OFDM subcarrier. Additionally, it performs the scrambling of the data. Finally, an OFDM modulator 166 may be provided for OFDM modulation.
In an embodiment for each mapping input data stream a buffer (not shown) is provided, e.g. in the PLP processing units 161 just before the input to the scheduler 163. These buffers are filled with the data blocks of the respective mapping input data stream. The scheduler accesses the buffers, and when sufficient data blocks are stored in a buffer, e.g. for completely filling a data segment of the frame, these data blocks are taken from the buffer by the scheduler and provided to the subsequent data slice processing unit 164 and the framing unit 165 for further processing and mapping onto the frame as desired.
The frame structure of the second frames F2 as generated by such an embodiment of the second frame forming unit 16 is schematically depicted in
These figures show the frame structure of the second frame F2 as defined in the DVB-C2 standard. This frame structure uses the concept of absolute OFDM, according to which all frequencies are aligned to the absolute frequency 0 MHz, which is identical to the OFDM subcarrier index k=0. The OFDM subcarrier frequencies of the following OFDM subcarriers are given by f=(1/Tu)·k, where Tu is the duration of the useful OFDM symbol part. Hence, the start and stop frequencies of the signal can also be given in OFDM subcarrier indices instead of a middle frequency of the signal. The start and the stop frequency are given by Kmin, and Kmax, respectively. It shall be noted, however, that the used of absolute OFDM is not essential for the present invention.
For the present invention, it is important to note that the concept of absolute OFDM can be used, but must not necessarily be used. For instance, in an embodiment, both the first and second frames F1, F2 are aligned to a frequency raster and use the concept of absolute OFDM, whereas in another embodiment both the first and second frames F1, F2 are not aligned to a frequency raster and do not use the concept of absolute OFDM. The second frames F2, however, make use of the concept of segmented OFDM as illustrated in
The frame F2 has a preamble portion 40 and a payload portion 50. The signalling data are mapped on the preamble portion 40, which comprises (in time direction) one or more preamble symbols 41 (e.g. Lp preamble symbols 41 as shown in
The payload portion 50 is segmented into data segments 51 (also called data slices, e.g. 5 data slices as shown in
As can also be seen from
Adopting the superframe structure as defined in the DVB-T2 standard the first frames F1 represent the T2-frames, and the second frames F2 are placed into the parts reserved for the FEF frames. For instance, in a practical embodiment the F1 frames (formed in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard) are provided for reception by stationary receivers (e.g. in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard), and the second frames F2 (e.g. formed in accordance with a DVB-C2 standard or according to any new rules) are provided for reception by mobile receivers (e.g. according to the upcoming DVB-NGH standard).
Next, embodiments for mapping the data blocks of a mapping input data stream onto the second frame F2 shall be explained. In a first embodiment, which is generally in consistence with the frame structure defined in the DVB-C2 standard, the data blocks of a particular mapping input data stream are mapped onto a single data segment or two or more (neighbouring or not neighbouring) data segments. For instance, referring to
According to another embodiment as schematically depicted in
In a single data segment data blocks belonging to various mapping input data streams can thus be transmitted according to this embodiment of the present invention. These data blocks may be pre-processed in the same manner, but also in different manner (e.g. with different MODCODs) to provide different levels of robustness to the different mapping input data streams.
While it is generally possible, that at a particular time also more than one data symbols (i.e. from different data segments) carry a data block of the same mapping input data stream, the embodiment shown in
The mapping structure of the data blocks of a particular mapping input data stream can be kept regular, as shown in
Further, time gaps are preferably introduced between data blocks of a mapping input data stream, during which no data symbol of any data segment carries a data block of said particular mapping input data stream. For instance, as shown in
The bandwidth of the data segments 51 may be kept equal and predetermined, as shown in
According to still another embodiment of the mapping, the map-ping of data blocks of a particular mapping input data stream may be kept constant within a particular frame F2, but may be changed from frame F2 to the next frame F2, i.e. a frequency hopping may be provided from frame to frame (or from a first group of frames to the next group of frames), but not within frames.
According to still another embodiment a data block can be split up in frequency direction for use by data symbols from different mapping input data streams. This is illustrated in
Next, various embodiments for signalling the required signalling information about the mapping of the data blocks onto the data segments and the data symbols of the second frames shall be explained. In a first embodiment only the preamble signalling blocks comprise all the signalling information required for a transmitter to receive and demap all the intended data blocks. This embodiment would, however, require that the preamble signalling blocks are quite large (in frequency and/or time), since the preamble has typically a high pilot density for robust channel estimation and synchronization leading to the result that less signalling capacity is available in the preamble. Hence, putting a lot of signalling information into the preamble signalling blocks would further increase their size, which is generally not preferred.
In another embodiment, illustrated in
As shown in
According to another embodiment multiple pointers are included in the pointer block 44, which point to several payload portion signalling blocks, e.g. to the payload portion signalling blocks 53a-53c. After deinterleaving and decoding said payload portion signalling blocks 53a-53c sufficient low level signalling information and location information (e.g. pointers) for finding the next set of payload portion signalling blocks 53d-53f as well as the next group of data blocks. Thus, according to such an embodiment, a set of pointers is transmitted during several bursts (i.e. payload portion signalling blocks) and provides information on the next bursts (i.e. payload portion signalling blocks) of the following set as well as the next data blocks.
Another embodiment for signalling shall be explained with reference to
Still further, according to this embodiment, at least one of said payload portion signalling blocks 53a-53c (or the whole set together, in particular after deinterleaving and decoding) provides information, in particular a pointer, by which the receiver finds at least the first data block 52a (or the group of next data blocks) of the desired data stream. Said data block 52a does not only contain the actual payload data, but also contains in-band signalling information comprising low level, more detail signalling information about the mapping of the data blocks of said particular mapping input data stream onto the data segments of the frames. This in-band signalling information thus enables the receiver to find the next data block 52b of the same data stream. Hence, from this moment on the receiver is no longer obliged to receive and decode the signalling information comprised in the preamble and/or in the payload portion signalling blocks, but the in-band signalling information contained in the data blocks 52a, 52b, . . . is sufficient for finding all data blocks of the desired data stream and maybe also of other “related” data streams (for enabling faster zapping to related services).
According to a modification of said embodiment, not each single data block contains sufficient information for finding the next data block, but several data blocks 52a, 52b are treated as a unit. Only after deinterleaving and decoding all of them, the in-band signalling information is available including information about the next “unit” (i.e. group of data blocks).
Hence, generally the receiver is not obligated to receive the preamble or the payload portion signalling blocks, which may again be considered as a separate signalling data stream mapped onto the payload portion of the frame. However, if the position of the data blocks is not known at the time the current mapping input data stream was encoded, it can also point to the position of the next payload portion signalling block. It shall be noted that the payload portion signalling blocks do generally not only comprise signalling information for a single mapping input data stream, but for all mapping input data streams.
Hence, according to this embodiment the signalling information specific to a particular mapping input data stream is provided in-band in the data blocks of said mapping input data streams, e.g. attached at the beginning or at the end of the data blocks. It is also possible to interleave said signalling information together with the FEC-encoded data blocks by a common interleaver, or the signalling information may be combined with the encoded payload data (either completely at the beginning or end or sub-divided into several portions), and then a common FEC-encoding followed by interleaving is performed, preferably by use of a common interleaver, i.e. over multiple FEC-coded blocks. This provides the advantage of longer time diversity and, after the separation into various data segments, also more frequency diversity.
A simple block diagram illustrating the steps for retrieving of the signalling information in the receiver, if the signalling information is mapped onto the frame F2 as illustrated in
It shall be noted that the same principles and the same embodiments for signalling information can be used if the pointer unit 44 is included in the other preamble 45 (i.e. the postamble) of a frame.
The preferred embodiment of a receiver only needs to obtain the signalling information stored in a preamble portion, then accesses a payload portion signalling block a single time, and from then on uses only the in-band signalling information. The in-band signalling information preferably includes a pointer to the next data block of the data stream and to the next payload portion signalling block (which is useful if a payload portion signalling block is provided in every frame of the same type, but is otherwise not needed since then enough preamble symbols are in between from which the signalling information can also be provided in some embodiments). Only, if the receiver wants to switch to another service, a payload portion signalling block has to be accessed again a single time to obtain the required signalling information related to the new service.
An example of the signalling information that can be included in the payload portion signalling blocks is illustrated in the following table, where the entries are either self-explaining, or as defined in the T2 standard, or as described below:
A further embodiment for signalling information is illustrated with reference to
Additionally, some offset signalling information 57a, 57b indicating changes of the mapping of the data blocks 55a-55f, 56a-56f between said particular group of second frames 50a and said subsequent group of second frames 50b can be included into in-band signalling information or into one or more payload portion signalling blocks mapped onto data symbols of said particular second frame. Hence, at the end of a group of (one or more) second frames said offset signalling information 57a can be mapped as in-band signalling information into one or more data blocks 55c, 56c. Alternatively, said offset signalling information 57b can be mapped into one or more payload portion signalling blocks 53c. Said offset signalling information 57a, 57b indicates how the signalling information changes from this group of second frames 50a to the next group of second frames 50b (or any other subsequent frame) so that in the next (or subsequent) group(s) of second frames 50b all the signalling information must not necessarily be mapped into payload portion signalling blocks or must at least not be obtained by the receiver. In other words, mainly some offset information is mapped into the frames, particularly to save time (in the receiver).
Another embodiment of a mapping apparatus 60 according to the present invention is schematically depicted in
In other words, the data blocks are mapped onto said frame F such that they are spread in time and frequency over various data symbols and various data segments of the frame F2 as shown in
The transmitter 70 shown in
An embodiment of a (stationary) receiver 100 is schematically depicted in
An embodiment of the demapping apparatus 104 is schematically depicted in
The received demapping input data stream Q′ is then provided to a stream demapping unit 112, in which the first frames F1 are demapped from the demapping input data stream Q′. These first frames F1 are then provided to a frame demapping unit 114, in which they are further demapped for obtaining a desired mapping output data stream Sx′, which is then outputted by the data output 116 for post-processing by the post-processing unit 106.
The stream demapping and frame demapping performed in this embodiment of the demapping apparatus 104 is commonly known and, for instance, be performed in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard, if the demapping apparatus 104 is part of a stationary receiver 100 in accordance with the DVB-T2 standard, as is the case in this embodiment. Hence, no further details need to be explained here, as all these details are generally known in the art. The F1 frames may, for instance, be the T2 frames of a superframe structure shown in
An embodiment of a receiver 120 in accordance with the present invention is schematically depicted in
A receiving unit 122 is provided for receiving the receiver input data stream Q′, which is provided to a demapping apparatus 124. Therein, the desired data stream Sy′ is demapped, which is subjected to post-processing in the post-processing unit 126, to obtain the desired receiver output data stream Iy′. The post-processing in the post-processing 126 may generally be similar or identical to the post-processing performed in the post-processing unit 106 of the receiver 100, however is adapted such that it interrelates with the pre-processing performed in the pre-processing unit 34 of the transmitter 30. Hence, if the pre-processing in the pre-processing unit 34 of the transmitter 30 is, for instance, performed in accordance with the DVB-T2 or DVB-C2 standard, the post-processing in the post-processing unit 126 is adapted accordingly in accordance with the respective standard.
An embodiment of the demapping apparatus 124 is schematically depicted in
At the data input 130 the demapping input data stream Q′ is received, which is provided for stream demapping in a stream demapping unit 132. Here, the frames F2 are demapped from the demapping input data stream Q′. These frames F2 may, for instance, be incorporated into the superframe structure as provided according to the DVB-T2 standard as FEF frames as shown in
In particular, said frame demapping unit 134 is adapted for demapping said second frames F2 comprising a preamble portion 40 and a payload portion 50 into said demapping output data stream Sy′. Said frame demapping unit 134 is particularly adapted for demapping the signalling data S1 from the preamble portion 40 and for demapping the data blocks of the demapping, output data stream Sy′ from the payload portion 50 by use of said signalling information S1. The derived demapping output data stream Sy′ is then provided to a data output 136 for output to the post-processing unit 126.
Since the frame structure of the second frames F2 uses, as explained above, a segmented concept, according to which the payload portion is segmented into data segments, a narrow-band receiver 120 can be used, which, in some embodiments, must not be able to be tuned to and receive the complete channel bandwidth of the complete frame F2, but must only be able to be tuned to and receive a bandwidth portion of said total channel bandwidth. This is possible, despite the frame structures of both the first and second frames F1, F2 use the total channel bandwidth, which, however, can slightly vary for the two types of frames (e.g. 7.61 MHz for a first type, and 7.62 MHz for the second type of frames), i.e. the channel bandwidth of both types is in the same order.
The size of the bandwidth portion of the receiver 120 depends on the bandwidth portion covered by data blocks of the desired demapping output data stream Sy′. If, for instance, all the data blocks of the desired demapping output data stream Sy′ are stored in a single data segment only, it is sufficient if the receiver can be tuned to and receive the bandwidth covered by said data segment. If, as provided in another embodiment, the data blocks of the desired demapping output data stream Sy′ (in frequency direction) cover two or more (neighbouring or not neighbouring) data segments at a particular moment in time, the receiver must be able to be tuned to and receive a larger bandwidth portion.
The information about the bandwidth portion, in particular its size and its frequencies, are generally signalled from the transmitter to the receiver within the signalling information. This signalling information also contains information about the locations of the data blocks of the various data streams, to enable the receiver to change its tuning accordingly. As explained above, particularly with reference to
The layout of such a receiver 140 is schematically shown in
For reception of the receiver input data stream Q′, a single antenna and a single tuner is generally sufficient in the receiver. Receivers (e.g. mobile receivers) may, however, also be provided with two or more antennas and/or two or more tuner, which can particularly be used to advantage if the data blocks of the data stream that shall be received are spread (in time and/or frequency) over more than one data segment and/or data symbol. For instance, in case of spreading in time, a first antenna (and/or tuner) can be controlled to receive a first data block mapped onto a first data segment and the second antenna (and/or tuner) can be controlled to “look ahead” in time (e.g. be tuned to another frequency) for reception of the next data block mapped onto another data segment at the appropriate time. In another embodiment, in particular in case of spreading in frequency, both antennas (and/or tuners) can be controlled to receive the data blocks mapped onto the two data segments at the same time. In this way, tuning time in the receiver can be saved and more sleeping times for the receivers can possibly be provided.
In the following another embodiment of the mapping apparatus and the demapping apparatus shall be explained. Goal of the framing with bandwidth segmentation as explained above using a frame structure as shown in
A single data segment (or data slice) of a second frame F2 of e.g. 1.7 MHz is capable to include most typical DVB-NGH bitrates (e.g. below 1 MBit/s). However, there may be a need to cover services with higher bitrates up to 4 MBit/s, which cannot be accommodated in all so-called ModCod combinations (defining the modulation scheme and coding rate) in a single data slice (i.e. data segment). As mentioned this bottleneck appears already for some very robust ModCod combinations in standalone DVB-NGH operation mode, i.e. DVB-NGH can use all resources in a dedicated RF channel (no T2 frames in
As a solution for this obvious data rate bottleneck it is possible to spread data of a single service (i.e. PLP or physical layer pipe), across several data slices in parallel. For instance, in the embodiment shown in
In this operation mode, the data slice bandwidth is chosen according to the lowest NGH requirement, i.e. 1.7 MHz. It requires only single data slice decoding and allows best possible power savings (only about 25% of the power is needed compared to a regular 8 MHz tuner that is tuned to the complete bandwidth of the frame of 8 MHz). As mentioned, there is a bottleneck for maximum throughput rate per PLP (input data stream).
To accommodate higher bitrates a resource block approach is proposed in an embodiment according to which two or more (preferably neighbouring) data slices are bundled. Thus, the data blocks of a PLP are distributed not only on the data symbols of a single data slice but of said bundled data slices. The overall frame structure is still the same as for the 1.7 MHz tuner scenario, but in general an 8 MHz tuner is required to decode data blocks of all relevant data slices. The resource block approach is still applicable and efficient, typically only a few data blocks contain data of the target PLP. The maximum throughput rate per PLP can increase up to the whole NGH bandwidth due to the proposed data slice bundling.
For better understanding the two basic tuner architectures with 8 MHz and 1.7 MHz are depicted in
As soon as data slices are bundled, a tuner having a higher bandwidth is required. So far tuning bandwidths have been a fixed parameter, i.e. standard tuning bandwidths such as 1.7 MHz or 8 MHz have been used. Thus, as soon as a service exceeds a single data slice the receiver has to mandatorily support an 8 MHz tuner so that the desired power savings in the receiver are not achieved.
Hence, it is proposed to adapt the tuning bandwidth to the bandwidth requirement of either the highest bitrate PLP or even the current decoded PLP itself. In this case the power consumption of the decoder could be optimized according to the desired bandwidth. The proposed tuner architecture thus covers exactly that number of data slices that are required at minimum.
The preselection filter as well as the following amplifier have a rather large bandwidth and are uncritical for all possible number of data slices. After the LO1 down-conversion and the (low complexity but bandwidth specific) IF filter the AD conversion takes place. The clock rate of this AD conversion is linearly scaled according to the number of data slices (or data symbols) to be covered at a particular moment in time, and all following filtering processes are done in the digital domain and can be scaled with the bandwidth, too.
Generally, these tuning architectures allow such a data slice specific, low complexity scalability that is required to achieve the best possible power consumption efficiency for different bandwidths. Therefore, it is proposed for best power efficiency to adjust of the tuning bandwidth, preferably according to the PLP requirements (i.e. 1 . . . N data slices). An embodiment of a frame structure showing that the number of (neighbouring) data symbols bundled for storing a corresponding number of data blocks of a mapping input data stream is shown in
As can be seen from
As shown in
With a suitable tuner architecture, however, the time gap At (of the embodiment of the frame structure shown in either
If the tuner knows (e.g. from a scheduler or through some other information) or can predict that the tuner has to tune to a different bandwidth portion at a particular switching moment, it can shortly before said switching moment increase its bandwidth to cover both the actual bandwidth portion and the future bandwidth portion, and after the switching moment decrease its bandwidth to only cover the new bandwidth portion. This also provides the advantage that the tuner can perform necessary actions like synchronisation and/or channel estimation already before it actually tunes to the new bandwidth portion.
In alternative embodiments, the bundling of data symbols (or data segments) not changed within a frame, but only from frame to frame. Further, in an embodiment the number of bundled data symbols or data slices is not determined on the fly depending on the actual needs of the service whose data blocks are to be mapped onto the frames, but is determined in advance.
Hence, according to this proposal the best power efficient combined T2/NGH receiver can be realized: In T2 frames the tuner switches to 8 MHz tuner while an appropriate downscaling is applied during NGH frames and their services., i.e. the tuner is switched to a lower bandwidth (and/or a lower data rate) when receiving the NGH frames according to the bandwidth actually used for the service to be actually received. Further, even the signalling PLP can occupy several data slices in parallel to carry more L1 signalling information.
In still a further embodiment the proposed scalable tuner can be used for tuning to a bandwidth covering both the data symbols (or data segments) of the currently received service and payload portion signalling blocks (e.g. 53a-53c, see
In another alternative embodiment, rather than using a tuner that is scalable in bandwidth two or more tuners can be used that are (fixedly) tuned to different bandwidths and that can be alternately used as needed and as appropriate according to the actual bandwidth of the service to be actually received.
In summary, the present invention enables the use of narrow-band receivers having a low power consumption even if the frame structure used by the transmitter of the multi-carrier broadcast system has a much broader channel bandwidth. Further, various embodiments are provided, which enable further savings in power consumption of receivers, which is particularly important for mobile receivers. Still further, an increased or at least selectable robustness for selected services due to the use of time and/or frequency diversity in the mapping of data blocks of the services onto frames having a segmented frame structure can be achieved.
A data segment of the payload portion can be used only for a single data stream or can be split up in time and/or frequency direction for use by data blocks of two or more data streams. The respective use of the data segment, i.e. the mapping of the data blocks of the various data streams on the data segments of the frames, can be static (i.e. continuously fixed) for the whole transmission of a data stream, can be quasi-static (i.e. fixed for a group of frames or only a single frame, i.e. can be changed from frame to frame) or can be continuously changed (i.e. also with frames). In the latter embodiments more signalling is required compared to the first (static) embodiment.
The invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, but such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
A computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 153 378.4 | Feb 2010 | EP | regional |
| 10 187 777.7 | Oct 2010 | EP | regional |
This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/068,240, filed Mar. 11, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/578,446, filed Sep. 17, 2012, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference. U.S. application Ser. No. 13/578,446 is a U.S. national stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP11/051756 filed Feb. 7, 2011, which claims priority to European Application No. 10 153 378.4 filed Feb. 11, 2010, and European Application No. 10 187 777.7 filed Oct. 15, 2010.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15068240 | Mar 2016 | US |
| Child | 16230549 | US | |
| Parent | 13578446 | Sep 2012 | US |
| Child | 15068240 | US |
