Patent Grant
10355933
Configuration sources (e.g., remote servers, remote agents) external to a computing device can configure features on the computing device. The features configured by the configuration sources can include policies, configuration profiles, resources (e.g., applications), and the like. For instance, features enforced on the computing device can be controlled to secure and manage the computing device. Configuration of the features by the configuration sources can be interdependent; yet, the features can be independently managed. By way of illustration, a first feature may be configured only after a second feature has been configured on the computing device, where the first and second features can be independently managed (e.g., a first configuration source can configure the first feature and a second configuration source can configure the second feature).
Configuration sources conventionally can manage the dependencies between features. For instance, configuration sources can sequence communications with a computing device in such a way that the computing device is in a desired state. According to an illustration where a configuration source negotiates dependencies between features to configure a data protection feature on a computing device, the configuration source can initially install a certificate on the computing device. The configuration source can wait for the installation of the certificate to complete, and once the certificate is installed, the configuration source can install a virtual private network (VPN) profile on the computing device. Again, the configuration source can wait for the VPN profile installation to complete, and then the data protection feature can be configured by the configuration source. However, connectivity between configuration sources and a computing device may be unreliable, so it may be difficult for the configuration sources to synchronize with the computing device and manage configuration state transitions. Moreover, it may be difficult to coordinate configuration in such a way to guarantee correct state, since enforcement and/or implementation of configuration can be dictated by components on the computing device.
Described herein are various technologies that pertain to controlling configuration of a computing device. A configuration request can be received, at the computing device, from a configuration source external to the computing device. The configuration request can include configuration data for a dependent feature. An evaluation can be performed at the computing device to determine whether a dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied. The dependency graph for the dependent feature can specify interdependencies between configurations of a set of features such that remaining features in the set of features are to be configured prior to enabling the dependent feature to be configured. The features in the set can be independently managed (e.g., by different vendors, by different independent subsystems of a configuration source, by different configuration sources); according to an example, at least one of the remaining features in the set can be configured by a differing configuration source external to the computing device. Moreover, the dependent feature can be configured based on the configuration data when the dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied. The configuring of the dependent feature based on the configuration data can be prohibited prior to the dependency graph for the dependent feature being satisfied. Thus, while at least one of the remaining features in the set is not configured, configuration of the dependent feature based on the configuration data can be prohibited.
According to various embodiments, the dependent feature can be set based on the configuration data in response to receiving the configuration request at the computing device. Thus, the configuration request can be received from the configuration source, and the dependent feature can be set based on the configuration data in response to receiving the configuration request. A state of the dependent feature retained in a data store of the computing device can be modified based on the setting of the dependent feature. Moreover, the evaluation of whether the dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied can be performed subsequent to the dependent feature being set based on the configuration data. Further, configuring the dependent feature based on the configuration data when the dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied can include publishing the state of the dependent feature as modified to the computing device. Publication of the state of the dependent feature as modified can be delayed until the dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied. Moreover, publishing the state of the dependent feature as modified to the computing device can activate the dependent feature as set based on the configuration data on the computing device.
Pursuant to other embodiments, the configuration data for the dependent feature can be retained in a data store of the computing device in response to receiving the configuration request at the computing device. Accordingly, the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature can be received at the computing device, and responsive to receiving the configuration request, the configuration data for the dependent feature can be retained in the data store of the computing device. Moreover, the dependent feature can be configured responsive to identifying that the dependency graph for the dependent feature is satisfied, such that the dependent feature can be configured based on the configuration data retained in the data store the computing device.
The above summary presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the systems and/or methods discussed herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the systems and/or methods discussed herein. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of such systems and/or methods. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Various technologies pertaining to controlling configuration of a computing device are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects. Further, it is to be understood that functionality that is described as being carried out by certain system components may be performed by multiple components. Similarly, for instance, a component may be configured to perform functionality that is described as being carried out by multiple components.
Moreover, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs A or B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.
Referring now to the drawings,
The computing device 102 includes at least one processor 108 and memory 110. The processor 108 is configured to execute instructions loaded into the memory 110 (e.g., one or more systems loaded into the memory 110 are executable by the processor 108, one or more components loaded into the memory 110 are executable by the processor 108). As described in greater detail herein, the memory 110 includes a device management system 112 that controls configuring the computing device 102 based on configuration request(s) received from one or more of the configuration sources 104-106. The device management system 112 manages configuration of features on the computing device 102 based on dependencies between the features, as opposed to relying on the configuration sources 104-106 to manage such dependencies.
Various types of computing devices are intended to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims. The computing device 102 can be a mobile computing device. Examples of a mobile computing device include a laptop computing device, a mobile telephone (e.g., a smartphone), a tablet computing device, a wearable computing device, a handheld computing device, a portable gaming device, a personal digital assistant, a portable all-in-one computing device, or the like. Pursuant to other examples, the computing device 102 can be a desktop computing device, a gaming console, an embedded computing device (e.g., connectable via the Internet of things (IoT)), and so forth.
The configuration sources 104-106 can include remote servers or remote agents that are external to the computing device 102. For instance, the configuration sources 104-106 can include various types of enterprise device management servers. An example of an enterprise device management server is a mobile device management (MDM) server. An MDM server can control and protect data and configuration settings on computing devices using over-the-air distribution of applications, data, and policy configuration requests. Moreover, other types of enterprise device management servers can provide remote control, patch management, software distribution, operating system deployment, network access protection, and inventory management for computing devices. Yet, the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing examples, as other types of enterprise device management servers are intended to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims (e.g., the configuration sources 104-106 can additionally or alternatively include a messaging server and/or a document server). Moreover, although not depicted, it is contemplated that the computing device 102 can further include an internal configuration source (e.g., an application executed by the processor 108 of the computing device 102 can send a configuration request to the device management system 112); thus, the examples set forth herein can be extended to a scenario where the computing device 102 includes an internal configuration source in addition to one or more of the configuration sources 104-106.
The configuration sources 104-106 can cause features to be configured on the computing device 102. The features configured by the configuration sources 104-106 can include policies, configuration profiles, resources (e.g., applications), and the like. The configuration of features by the configuration sources 104-106 can be interdependent. As described herein, a dependent feature is a feature that is dependent on a state of one or more other features. For example, a dependent policy or setting can only be enabled on the computing device 102 if other features (upon which the dependent policy or setting depend) are set on the computing device 102. To cause features to be configured on the computing device 102, the configuration sources 104-106 can transmit configuration requests to the computing device 102. The configuration requests can include configuration data for features to be enabled on the computing device 102. Configuration data for a feature, for example, can include at least one of a policy value, a certificate, a profile, or a setting for the feature. Moreover, a configuration request can be a Synchronization Markup Language (SyncML) message, an Extensible Markup Language (XML) message, or the like; yet, other formats are intended to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims. A protocol (e.g., Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM)) used for the configuration requests sent from the configuration sources 104-106, however, may not allow for combinatorically linking configurations of features; rather, the techniques set forth herein allow for the device management system 112 to manage relations between features.
According to many of the examples set forth herein, the dependent feature can be a data protection feature. When active on the computing device 102, the data protection feature can separate applications and data for work from personal applications and data as well as protect the applications and data for work. Yet, it is to be appreciated that other types of dependent features are intended to fall within the scope of the hereto appended claims, and thus, the claimed subject matter is not so limited.
The computing device 102 further includes a data store 114. The data store 114 includes a policy store 116 that stores current values of policies that are enforced on the computing device 102. A current policy value of a policy can be retrieved from the policy store 116 (e.g., by other components of the computing device 102). Additionally or alternatively, a notification can be sent (e.g., to other components of the computing device 102) responsive to a change in a current policy value of a policy stored in the policy store 116. Accordingly, when a policy value for a policy is activated on the computing device 102, the policy value for the policy can be published in the policy store 116.
The data store 114 further includes a dependency graph 118 for a dependent feature. The dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature can specify interdependencies between configurations of a set of features such that remaining features in the set of features are to be configured prior to enabling the dependent feature to be configured. The features in the set can be independently managed (e.g., by different vendors, by different independent subsystems of one of the configuration sources 104-106, by different configuration sources 104-106). While the data store 114 is described in many examples as including one dependency graph 118, it is contemplated that the data store 114 can include multiple dependency graphs for various dependent features. For instance, the data store 114 can include a different dependency graph for a different dependent feature, where the different dependency graph can specify interdependencies between configurations of a different set of features such that the remaining features in the different set of features are to be configured prior to enabling the different dependent feature to be configured. Moreover, dependency graph(s) can be added, deleted, updated, and so forth in the data store 114 over time (e.g., to allow configuring of additional dependent features to be controlled).
Conventionally, configuration source(s) manage an order at which configuration requests reach a computing device. Such traditional management can be difficult at best, due to connectivity issues between the configuration source(s) and the computing device, actual states of features on the computing device differing from anticipated states assumed by the configuration source(s), and so forth. With conventional management techniques, a dependent feature can be misconfigured, which can detrimentally impact user experience. In contrast, the dependency graph 118 can specify rules for applying configurations of features when conditions are met.
A configuration source (e.g., one of the configuration sources 104-106) external to the computing device 102 can transmit a configuration request to the computing device 102. The configuration request can include configuration data for the dependent feature (e.g., corresponding to the dependency graph 118); thus, the configuration source can attempt to configure the dependent feature by sending the configuration request. Moreover, the computing device 102 can receive the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature.
Subsequent to receiving the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature, the device management system 112 can evaluate whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied. The dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature can specify the interdependencies between configurations of a set of features such that remaining features in the set of features are to be configured prior to enabling the dependent feature to be configured. The device management system 112 can configure the dependent feature based on the configuration data when the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied. Further, the device management system 112 can prohibit the configuring of the dependent feature based on the configuration data prior to the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature being satisfied.
More particularly, the device management system 112 includes a configuration management component 120 and a plurality of feature handling components, namely, a feature handling component 1122, . . . , and a feature handling component X 124, where X can be substantially any integer greater than one (collectively referred to herein as feature handling components 122-124). While the device management system 112 is described herein as including more than one feature handling component 122-124, it is to be appreciated that the device management system 112 can alternatively include one feature handling component.
The configuration management component 120 can manage operations on the feature handling components 122-124. By way of illustration, the configuration management component 120 can cause the feature handling component 1122 to set a feature responsive to receiving a configuration request that includes configuration data for such feature (e.g., the configuration management component 120 can identify that the feature is handled by the feature handling component 1122 and can send a command to set the feature to the feature handling component 1122). Moreover, the feature handling components 122-124 are components at the computing device 102 that handle configuration requests for specific features. For instance, each feature can have a respective feature handling component. By way of illustration, the feature handling component 1122 (a first plugin) can handle a first feature (e.g., the dependent feature) and the feature handling component X 124 (a second plugin) can handle a second feature (e.g., a particular remaining feature in the set of features specified in the dependency graph 118). Additionally or alternatively, a generic feature handling component (e.g., one of the feature handling components 122-124) can handle configuring a group of features (e.g., simple configuration settings can be handled by the generic feature handling component).
The device management system 112 can coordinate independent features into a synthetic feature or policy state, which can be described by a dependency graph (e.g., the dependency graph 118 of the dependent feature). State transitions for the independent features are managed by the feature handling components 122-124 (e.g., separate plugins on the computing device 102). The state transitions for the features can be used by the device management system 112 to determine a synthetic state of the computing device 102. Thus, multiple, unrelated configuration endpoints (e.g., the feature handling components 122-124) controlled by independent subsystems can contribute to a higher order, combined configuration state of the computing device 102; the combined configuration state can be utilized to determine whether a dependent feature can be configured on the computing device 102.
The device management system 112 coordinates configuration of features to enable such features to be implemented as intended. The dependency graph 118 can specify a predefined order for configuring features in a set. Accordingly, configuration data for features can be pushed from different configuration sources 104-106, and the dependency graph 118 can be employed by the device management system 112 to control implementing such features on the computing device 102.
According to an example, the device management system 112 can be part of an operating system of the computing device 102 (e.g., the memory 110 can include the operating system and the operating system can include the device management system 112). Pursuant to another example, the device management system 112 can be a third party system that integrates with the operating system of the computing device 102.
Turning now to
As depicted in the example provided in
A remote management infrastructure (e.g., one or more of the configuration sources 104-106) can be utilized to configure the features specified in the dependency graph 200. The subsystems that cause the features to be configured can be independent and unrelated. By way of illustration, a first configuration request received from a first configuration source (e.g., the configuration source 1104 of
Reference is again made to
The evaluation component 126 coordinates configuring a set of interrelated features based on the dependency graph 118 regardless of an order in which configuration requests for the interrelated features are received from the configuration sources 104-106. Thus, policies configured at different times and/or by different configuration sources 104-106 can be coordinated by the evaluation component 126. Policies and device information can be utilized to determine whether the evaluation component 126 can advance through the dependency graph 118.
As noted above, at the computing device 102, a configuration request can be received from a configuration source (e.g., one of the configuration sources 104-106) external to the computing device 102, where the configuration request includes configuration data for the dependent feature (corresponding to the dependency graph 118). Responsive to receiving the configuration request for the dependent feature, the feature handling component for the dependent feature (e.g., one of the feature handling component 122-124) can set the dependent feature based on the configuration data. For instance, the configuration management component 120 can cause the feature handling component for the dependent feature to set the dependent feature based on the configuration data.
The data store 114 can further include a state store 128 that can retain a state of the dependent feature. The state of the dependent feature retained in the data store 114 of the computing device 102 can be modified based on the setting of the dependent feature by the feature handling component. While the state of the dependent feature in the state store 128 can be modified when the dependent feature is set based on the configuration data (e.g., responsive to the configuration request being received at the computing device 102), publication of the state of the dependent feature as modified can be delayed until the evaluation component 126 identifies that the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied. The state store 128 can further include state(s) of one or more of the remaining features in the set specified in the dependency graph 118.
Moreover, the evaluation component 126 performs the evaluation of whether the dependency graph 118 is satisfied subsequent to the dependent feature being set based on the configuration data. For instance, the feature handling component for the dependent feature can cause the evaluation component 126 to evaluate whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied by setting the dependent feature based on the configuration data. The evaluation component 126 can evaluate whether the dependency graph 118 is satisfied based at least in part on state(s) retained in the state store 128 of the data store 114.
The evaluation component 126 can configure the dependent feature based of the configuration data when the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied by publishing the state of the dependent feature as modified (from the state store 128) to the computing device 102. Thus, when the dependency graph 118 of the dependent feature is satisfied, the state as modified can be published to the computing device 102. Further, publication of the state of the dependent feature as modified can be delayed until the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied. The publishing of the state of the dependent feature as modified to the computing device 102 can activate the dependent feature as set based on the configuration data on the computing device 102. By way of example, a current policy value of a policy (e.g., the dependent feature) can be modified in the policy store 116 when the state of the dependent feature set based on the configuration data is published. Following this example, the current policy value of the policy remains unchanged in the policy store 116 prior to the evaluation component 126 identifying that the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied.
According to an illustration, the evaluation component 126 can perform the evaluation and identify that the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is unsatisfied. While the configuring of the dependent feature based on the configuration data is prohibited, the computing device 102 can receive a different configuration request. The different configuration request can be received by the computing device 102 from a different configuration source external to the computing device 102 or the same configuration source as compared to the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature (e.g., the configuration request and the different configuration request can both be received from one of the configuration sources 104-106, the configuration request can be received from the configuration source 1104 and the different configuration request can be received from the configuration source N 106). The different configuration request can include different configuration data for a particular remaining feature in the set of features (e.g., described in the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature, the particular remaining feature can be a feature that was previously not configured).
Further following the illustration provided above, the evaluation component 126 can reevaluate whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied subsequent to receiving the different configuration data for the particular remaining feature. For example, the particular remaining feature can be set based on the different configuration data from the different configuration request responsive to receiving the different configuration request and prior to reevaluating whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied. If the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied when reevaluated by the evaluation component 126, the dependent feature can be configured (e.g., by the evaluation component 126) based on the configuration data for the dependent feature. Alternatively, the configuring of the dependent feature based on the configuration data can continue to be prohibited if the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is unsatisfied when reevaluated by the evaluation component 126.
Now turning to
As depicted in the call flow diagram 300, the configuration management component 120 can receive a configuration request that includes configuration data for the data protection policies. Responsive to receiving of the configuration request, the configuration management component 120 can cause the data protection handling component 302 to set the data protection policies. If a minimum data protection policy is set by the data handling component 302, then the data protection handling component 302 can cause the evaluation component 126 to run the evaluation to determine whether the dependency graph for the data protection policies is satisfied. The data protection handling component 302 can also return an indication that the data protection policies have been set to the configuration management component 120. The evaluation component 126 can determine whether a minimal data protection state exists on the computing device (e.g., determine whether the dependency graph is satisfied). In the example of
Further following the call flow diagram 300, the configuration management component 120 can receive a different configuration request. The different configuration request can include a VPN profile for the computing device. Responsive to receipt of the different configuration request, the configuration management component 120 can cause the VPN handling component 304 to set the VPN profile. If the VPN handling component 304 identifies the VPN profile as a potential profile, then the VPN handling component 304 can cause the evaluation component 126 to run an evaluation concerning whether the dependency graph for the data protection policies is satisfied (e.g., reevaluate whether the dependency graph is satisfied). The VPN handling component 304 can also return an indication that the VPN profile has been set to the configuration management component 120. Again, the evaluation component 126 can evaluate whether the minimal data protection state exists on the computing device (e.g., determine whether the dependency graph for the data protection feature is satisfied). As shown in
Now turning to
Similar to above, a configuration request can be received from one of the configuration sources 104-106 external to the computing device 102. The configuration request can include configuration data for the dependent feature (e.g., corresponding to the dependency graph 118). As described above, the device management system 112 can evaluate whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied subsequent to the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature being received at the computing device 102. The device management system 112 can further configure the dependent feature based on the configuration data when the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied.
In the example set forth in
In the example set forth in
According to an illustration, the orchestrator component 402 can perform the evaluation and identify that the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is unsatisfied. While the configuring of the dependent feature based on the configuration data is prohibited, the computing device 102 can receive a different configuration request. The different configuration request can be received by the computing device 102 from a different configuration source external to the computing device 102 or the same configuration source as compared to the configuration request that includes the configuration data for the dependent feature (e.g., the configuration request and the different configuration request can both be received from one of the configuration sources 104-106, the configuration request can be received from the configuration source 1104 and the different configuration request can be received from the configuration source N 106). The different configuration request can include different configuration data for a particular remaining feature in the set of features (e.g., described in the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature, the particular remaining feature can be a feature that was previously not configured).
Continuing the illustration set forth above, the different configuration data for the particular remaining feature can be retained in the configuration store 404 of the data store 114 of the computing device 102 responsive to the computing device 102 receiving the different configuration request. Moreover, the orchestrator component 402 can reevaluate whether the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied subsequent to receiving the different configuration request for the particular remaining feature. Upon identifying that the dependency graph 118 for the dependent feature is satisfied, the dependent feature and the particular remaining feature can be configured. The orchestrator component 402 can enable the configuration management component 120 to cause the feature handling components 122-124 to configure the dependent feature and the particular remaining feature (as well as other remaining features specified in the dependency graph 118). The dependent feature and the particular remaining feature can be configured based on the configuration data and the different configuration data retained in the configuration store 404 of the data store 114 of the computing device 102. Moreover, an order of the configuring of the dependent feature and the particular remaining feature can be managed by the orchestrator component 402 based on the interdependencies specified in the dependency graph 118; accordingly, rules from the dependency graph 118 can control the configuration order once the dependency graph 118 is satisfied.
Reference is now generally made to
Moreover, the acts described herein may be computer-executable instructions that can be implemented by one or more processors and/or stored on a computer-readable medium or media. The computer-executable instructions can include a routine, a sub-routine, programs, a thread of execution, and/or the like. Still further, results of acts of the methodologies can be stored in a computer-readable medium, displayed on a display device, and/or the like.
With reference to
Turning to
Referring now to
The computing device 800 additionally includes a data store 808 that is accessible by the processor 802 by way of the system bus 806. The data store 808 may include executable instructions, dependency graph(s), values of policies, state(s) of feature(s), configuration data, etc. The computing device 800 also includes an input interface 810 that allows external devices to communicate with the computing device 800. For instance, the input interface 810 may be used to receive instructions from an external computer device, from a user, etc. The computing device 800 also includes an output interface 812 that interfaces the computing device 800 with one or more external devices. For example, the computing device 800 may display text, images, etc. by way of the output interface 812.
It is contemplated that the external devices that communicate with the computing device 800 via the input interface 810 and the output interface 812 can be included in an environment that provides substantially any type of user interface with which a user can interact. Examples of user interface types include graphical user interfaces, natural user interfaces, and so forth. For instance, a graphical user interface may accept input from a user employing input device(s) such as a keyboard, mouse, remote control, or the like and provide output on an output device such as a display. Further, a natural user interface may enable a user to interact with the computing device 800 in a manner free from constraints imposed by input device such as keyboards, mice, remote controls, and the like. Rather, a natural user interface can rely on speech recognition, touch and stylus recognition, gesture recognition both on screen and adjacent to the screen, air gestures, head and eye tracking, voice and speech, vision, touch, gestures, machine intelligence, and so forth.
Additionally, while illustrated as a single system, it is to be understood that the computing device 800 may be a distributed system. Thus, for instance, several devices may be in communication by way of a network connection and may collectively perform tasks described as being performed by the computing device 800.
As used herein, the terms “component” and “system” are intended to encompass computer-readable data storage that is configured with computer-executable instructions that cause certain functionality to be performed when executed by a processor. The computer-executable instructions may include a routine, a function, or the like. It is also to be understood that a component or system may be localized on a single device or distributed across several devices.
Further, as used herein, the term “exemplary” is intended to mean “serving as an illustration or example of something.”
Various functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer-readable storage media. A computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and blu-ray disc (BD), where disks usually reproduce data magnetically and discs usually reproduce data optically with lasers. Further, a propagated signal is not included within the scope of computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media also includes communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A connection, for instance, can be a communication medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of communication medium. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Alternatively, or in addition, the functionality described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Program-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Program-specific Standard Products (ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), etc.
What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable modification and alteration of the above devices or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further modifications and permutations of various aspects are possible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the details description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
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