This disclosure relates to artificial lift systems deployed on cable.
Most wells behave characteristically different over time due to geophysical, physical, and chemical changes in the subterranean reservoir that feeds the well. For example, it is common for well production to decline. This decline in production can occur due to declining pressures in the reservoir, and can eventually reach a point where there is not enough pressure in the reservoir to economically realize production through the well to the surface. Downhole pumps and/or compressors can be deployed into the well to increase production. Additionally or alternatively, a topside compressor and/or pump are sometimes used to extend the life of the well by decreasing pressure at the top of the well.
This disclosure relates to deploying an artificial lift string on cable.
Certain aspects encompass an electric submersible artificial lift system includes an electric motor configured to reside in a wellbore, a fluid end, and an interconnect. The fluid end is coupled to the electric motor and configured to be driven to propel wellbore fluids through the wellbore when driven by the electric motor. The interconnect is at an uphole end of the electric submersible artificial lift system, and is configured to (i) couple to a cable extending from a topside facility into the wellbore to support the artificial lift system depending from the cable and (ii) release from the cable while the artificial lift system is residing in the wellbore.
Certain aspects encompass a method including supporting an electric submersible artificial lift system at an interconnect thereof by a cable as the artificial lift system is lowered into a wellbore. The cable extends from a topside facility. The cable is then released from the artificial lift system while the artificial lift system is in the wellbore.
Certain aspects encompass an artificial lift system including an electric powered fluid end configured to propel wellbore fluids through the wellbore and a cable interconnect coupled to the electric powered fluid end. The interconnect is configured to couple to a cable to support and power the electric powered fluid end and configured to release from the cable while the electric powered fluid end is in the wellbore.
Certain of the aspects can include some, none or all of the following features. The electric motor, fluid end and interconnect can be configured to reside within a production tubing within a casing of the wellbore. The artificial lift system can include an outer housing having a seal and a latch configured to seal and latch into a corresponding profile of the production tubing. The artificial lift system can include a packer configured to seal and grip an interior wall of the production tubing. The interconnect can include a line connector configured to couple an electric and/or hydraulic line extending from a topside facility into the wellbore to an aspect of the artificial lift system. The line connector can be configured to allow the line to release from the aspect of the artificial lift system while the artificial lift system is residing in the wellbore. In certain instances, the interconnect is configured to release the cable before the line connector allows the line to release from the aspect of the artificial lift system. In certain instances, the cable includes the line and the interconnect includes a cable connector configured grip the exterior of the cable. In certain instances the interconnect is configured to release from the cable in response to a specified tension applied to the cable. The interconnect can include a tubular housing configured to internally receive the cable, a wedge in the housing moveable into gripping contact with an exterior of the cable, and a cap coupled to the tubular housing retaining the wedge in the housing, where the cap configured to release from the tubular housing upon a specified tension applied to the cable. In certain instances, the interconnect is configured to release from the cable in response to a signal supplied to the interconnect. In certain instances, the interconnect includes a tubular housing configured to internally receive the cable, a body configured to grip an exterior of the cable, and an actuator actuable to release the interconnect from gripping the cable in response to a signal. In certain instances, the body includes a wedge moveable to grip the cable by the actuator and the actuator includes a hydraulic piston coupled to a hydraulic line extending from a topside facility into the wellbore. The piston is movable by a hydraulic signal transmitted on the hydraulic line. The artificial lift system can include an outer housing extending to an uphole end of the artificial lift system with a profile adapted to engage with a corresponding profile of a retrieval tool for retrieving the artificial lift system.
The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described within this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
This disclosure describes an artificial lift string that allows for easy retrieval and repair of artificial lift systems, such as electric submersible pumps. The implementations described herein include an artificial lift string, such as an electric submersible pump, and a receptacle configured to receive and retain the artificial lift string. The artificial lift string is coupled to a wellhead or other topside equipment by a cable that includes electrical and/or hydraulic lines. The electric and/or hydraulic lines power, control and/or lubrication to the artificial lift string.
In some instances, such as during deployment, a cable 116, such as a wireline, slickline, e-line or other type of cable, supports the artificial lift string. The cable 116 supports the weight of artificial lift string 102 during deployment. The cable 116 includes a smooth outer surface such that the cable can be fed through a lubricator or similar structure. Electric and/or hydraulic lines to operate the artificial lift string can be incorporated with and/or separate from the cable 116. At an uphole end of the artificial lift string 102 is an interconnect 114. The interconnect 114 allows for the cable 116 extending between the wellhead 110 and the artificial lift string 102 to be released at an uphole end of the artificial lift string 102 while the string 102 is downhole. That is, the cable 116 is released at the interconnect 114 such that the cable 116 and any electric and/or hydraulic lines can be removed completely or nearly completely from the wellbore while the artificial lift string 102 remains within the wellbore 104.
The artificial lift string 102 is stabbed into a downhole receptacle 118 in the production tubing 108. The downhole receptacle 118 can include a polished bore receptacle, a packer configured to receive the artificial lift string 102, or any other receptacle that is appropriate for the operations described herein. The artificial lift string 102 and the downhole receptacle 118 seal against one another when the artificial lift string is fully received by the downhole receptacle 118. That is, fluid flows primarily through the downhole receptacle 118 and artificial lift string 102 with little-to-no leakage past the seals (shown in later figures). In some implementations, the downhole receptacle 118 includes a latch configured to secure and retain the artificial lift string 102 within the downhole receptacle 118. Such latches are described in greater detail later within this disclosure.
The interconnect 114 is configured to enable a safe release of the artificial lift string 102 from its cable 116 to facilitate easy retrieval of both the cable 116 and the string 102 in two trips such that there is no lost time due to fishing the string 102 or any aspect thereof from the production tubing 108. The interconnect 114 is helpful where the cable 116 strength itself is marginal over that required to retrieve, i.e., lift, the artificial lift string 102 after it has been deployed and then needs to be removed. Over time, there is the possibility of weakening of the cable 116 due to erosion, corrosion or temperature effects; added force required to release the artificial lift string 102 due to scale, paraffin or other factors; and the possibility of manufacturing defects along the length of the cable 116 that may become apparent when subjecting it to its highest force (the release event).
In certain instances, the mechanism of release of the interconnect 114 can be a shear to release mechanism, with a tension member(s) being tied to a shear sub of the interconnect 114 that could be set to a given value with high precision using either shear pins, bolts or studs; the subsequent working members of the cable (electrical conductors, hydraulic lines, data cable) would progressively release in sequence at a substantially lower value via a specialized splice with a known pull to failure value. This could be accomplished with a weakened cross section of the tension member of each item. For example, in the case of a tubing encapsulated conductor, a data cable or the hydraulic line, the weakened section could be the body section the tubing ferrule nut connects into. In certain instances, the mechanism of release of the interconnect 114 could be an active system, especially via hydraulic or electrical communication to actuate the active interconnect 114. In the case of hydraulically actuated interconnect 114, the hydraulics could shift a piston that would release a collet, or a lug or shear a mechanism like the one described above for the straight pull methodology. It could also trigger a cutting mechanism that is either chemical or explosive based. Similarly, an electronically actuated interconnect 114 could actuate a linear actuator that releases a collet, or a lug or shears a mechanism as previously described. This could be done via a data cable or via the conductor for the downhole electric machine (e.g., motor and/or generator within the artificial lift string 102). An electric mechanism could actuate a rotational mechanism that allowed free axial travel to facilitate shear mechanisms to engage or could provide the shearing force. Another embodiment would use an electrical signal to actuate a perforating charge that would sever the interconnect 114. Yet another embodiment could use a simple electronic release mechanism where there was a mechanical coupling or latch that is defeated with an appropriate signal.
Given the inherent risk with intervention activities, each of the above-described types of active interconnect 114 configurations could have a mechanical release as a backup in the case of an interruption in electric or hydraulic communication that defeats these active methods. As a result, there is the possibility that both an electric or hydraulic system could be coupled with the mechanical system. Some embodiments can include three or more of the above described release mechanisms for tertiary redundancy.
In some implementations, the polished bore receptacle 118 (e.g., in packer 119) includes a latch. The artificial lift string 102 is secured to the polished bore receptacle 118 (and packer 119, if used) by the latch.
In some instances when the artificial lift string 102 is removed from the wellbore 104, the following steps are taken. The cable 116 containing electrical and/or hydraulic lines is released, e.g., sheared, over pulled, or otherwise separated from an uphole end of the electric submersible artificial lift string 102. The cable 116 is released via the interconnect 114 at the electric submersible artificial lift string 102. In the case of a shearable interconnect 114, the interconnect is released by an over-pull of the cable 116 from the wellhead or topside facility. Once the cable 116 is released, it is recovered from the wellbore 104. Once the cable 116 is recovered, a fishing or running tool (not shown) is run into the wellbore 104 on wireline or tubing and received by the artificial lift string 102. The tool grips and pulls up the artificial lift string 102 so it can be retrieved from the wellbore 104. In some implementations, the tool performs an over-pull to release the artificial lift string 102 from the latch of the receptacle. In some implementations, a jarring tool is used to release the artificial lift string 102 from the latch of the receptacle. In some implementations, the latch has already been released prior to removing the artificial lift string 102, for example, in implementations where the latch is hydraulically actuated, the latch is released when the cable 116 is sheared.
Turning to
The artificial lift string 202 includes an interconnect 214, similar to interconnect 114, that allows controlled release of the cable 116 from the artificial lift string 202. Here the interconnect 214 is affixed to or integrated with the housing 204 and includes a cable connector 220 configured to releasably couple the cable 116, as a whole, to the artificial lift string 202 (e.g., to the housing 204), as well as line connectors 216 configured to releasably couple the individual electric and/or hydraulic line 218 of the cable 116 the artificial lift string 202. The cable connector 220 and line connectors 216 are configured to separate or release upon specified conditions, e.g., in response to a specified tension applied through cable 116, in response to an actuation signal, and/or upon another specified condition. In instances where the cable connector 220 and line connectors 216 are both configured to release upon application of a specified tension, the specified tension can be different, e.g., higher for the cable connector 220 than for the line connectors 216. In any instance, the cable connector 220 can grip the cable 116 with enough strength and resist separating or releasing in a manner to support the entire weight of the artificial lift string 202 as it is run into position within the wellbore. The interconnect 114 allows the cable 116 to be released from the artificial lift string 202, thus clearing the wellbore above the artificial lift string 202 so that a tool (e.g., fishing tool, running tool, and/or other tool) can be run into the wellbore on wireline or tubing (e.g., continuous coiled tubing or jointed tubing), grip the profile 206, and retrieve the artificial lift string 202 to the surface.
The lower end of the housing 204 includes a seal 240 on its exterior and a latch 242 for stabbing into, sealing and gripping a corresponding interface in the downhole receptacle 118, e.g., polished bore receptacle, stab receptacle and/or other type of interface, in the production tubing 108. In certain instances, the latch 242 can be actuable, e.g., mechanically and/or via electric or hydraulic signals via lines 218, to engage and grip the corresponding interface of the downhole receptacle 118.
Sections A-A, B-B and C-C of
While this disclosure has described some aspects in terms of electric submersible pumps, other downhole artificial lift systems, such as electric submersible compressors, top-driven pumps or compressors, plunger pumps and compressors, and gerotor pumps can be used without departing from this disclosure. Other mechanical lift devices, including positive displacement and centrifugal fluid movers, can be used without departing from this disclosure. Also, while the artificial lift strings have been described herein as coupling and sealing to production tubing, they could alternatively be configured to couple and seal with casing to pump, compress or otherwise drive fluid in the casing.
A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
The present application claims the filing date benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/377,162, filed Sep. 26, 2022, entitled “Deploying an Artificial Lift System on Cable,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/491,233, filed Mar. 20, 2023, entitled “Deploying an Artificial Lift System on Cable.” The contents of both applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63377162 | Sep 2022 | US | |
63491233 | Mar 2023 | US |