Claims
- 1. A water based electrolyte used in a hybrid-type capacitor having an electrolytic anode and an electrochemical cathode comprising:
a) at least 30 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is water; b) a sufficient amount of a polyol co-solvent to obtain a desired physical property of the water based electrolyte; c) 1 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is a water soluble inorganic and/or organic acid and/or salt to act as a conductor within the water based electrolyte; d) 0.1 to 10 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is a water soluble nitro-aromatic compound to diminish gassing of the water based electrolyte once the electrochemical cathode is sufficiently depleted; and e) wherein capacitance of the hybrid-type capacitor is improved when the current density is decreased.
- 2. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the sufficient amount of the polyol co-solvent is 0.01 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 3. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the polyol co-solvent is a diol compound.
- 4. The water based electrolyte of claim 3 wherein the diol compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol.
- 5. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein water soluble inorganic acis and/or salts are selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, ammonium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, boric acid, ammonium borate, potassium borate, sodium borate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, sodium formate, formic acid, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and sulfuric acid.
- 6. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the organic acids and/or salts are water soluble organic carboxylates and/or carboxylic acid.
- 7. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the ratio of inorganic and/or organic acids and/or salts is 1 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 8. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein water soluble nitro-aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-nitroacetophenone; 3-nitroacetophenone; 4-nitroacetophenone; 2-nitroanisole; 3-nitroanisole; 4-nitroanisole; 2-nitrobenzaldehyde; 3-nitrobenzaldehyde; 4-nitrobenzaldehyde; 2-nitrobenzoic acid; 3-nitrobenzoic acid; 4-nitrobenzoic acid; 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 2-nitrophenol; 3-nitrophenol; 4-nitrophenol; 2-nitrophthalic acid; 3-nitrophthalic acid; 4-nitrophthalic acid; 2-nitrobenzamide; 3-nitrobenzamide; 4-nitrobenzamide; and mixtures thereof.
- 9. The water based electroylte of claim 1 wherein the nitro-aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of water soluble nitrosoaromatics; water soluble azobenzenes; water soluble quinones; and mixtures thereof.
- 10. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the water soluble nitro-aromatic compound is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 11. The water based electrolyte of claim 1 further comprising an anode stabilizer.
- 12. The water based electrolyte of claim 11 wherein the anode stabilizer is about 0.01 to 5 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 13. The water based electrolyte of claim 11 wherein the anode stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, ammonium silicate, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, water soluble organic silicates, and water soluble organic phosphates.
- 14. A water based electrolyte used in a hybrid-type capacitor having an electrolytic-anode and an electrochemical cathode comprising:
a) at least 30 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is water; b) 1 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is a water soluble inorganic and/or organic acid and/or salt to act as a conductor within the water based electrolyte; and c) 0.1 to 10 weight percent of the water based electrolyte is a water soluble nitro-aromatic compound to diminish gassing of the water based electrolyte once the electrochemical cathode is sufficiently depleted.
- 15. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 further comprising a polyol co-solvent being 0.01 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 16. The water based electrolyte of claim 15 wherein the polyol co-solvent is a diol compound.
- 17. The water based electrolyte of claim 16 wherein the diol compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol.
- 18. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 wherein water soluble inorganic acis and/or salts are selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, ammonium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, boric acid, ammonium borate, potassium borate, sodium borate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, sodium formate, formic acid, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and sulfuric acid.
- 19. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 wherein the organic acids and/or salts are water soluble organic carboxylates and/or carboxylic acid.
- 20. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 wherein the ratio of inorganic and/or organic acids and/or salts is 1 to 50 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 21. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 wherein water soluble nitro-aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of 2-nitroacetophenone; 3-nitroacetophenone; 4-nitroacetophenone; 2-nitroanisole; 3-nitroanisole; 4-nitroanisole; 2-nitrobenzaldehyde; 3-nitrobenzaldehyde; 4-nitrobenzaldehyde; 2-nitrobenzoic acid; 3-nitrobenzoic acid; 4-nitrobenzoic acid; 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol; 2-nitrophenol; 3-nitrophenol; 4-nitrophenol; 2-nitrophthalic acid; 3-nitrophthalic acid; 4-nitrophthalic acid; 2-nitrobenzamide; 3-nitrobenzamide; 4-nitrobenzamide; and mixtures thereof.
- 22. The water based electroylte of claim 14 wherein the nitro-aromatic compound is selected from the group consisting of water soluble nitrosoaromatics; water soluble azobenzenes; water soluble quinones; and mixtures thereof.
- 23. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 wherein the water soluble nitro-aromatic compound is 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 24. The water based electrolyte of claim 14 further comprising an anode stabilizer.
- 25. The water based electrolyte of claim 24 wherein the anode stabilizer is about 0.01 to 5 weight percent of the water based electrolyte.
- 26. The water based electrolyte of claim 24 wherein the anode stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, ammonium silicate, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, water soluble organic silicates, and water soluble organic phosphates.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application Serial No. 60/332,699, filed on Nov. 14, 2001.
Provisional Applications (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
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60332699 |
Nov 2001 |
US |