Patent Grant
11853828
The various embodiments described herein generally relate to radio frequency identification (RFID) systems and more particularly to an RFID switch tag that can be used for multiple applications.
RFID technology harnesses electromagnetic fields to transfer data wirelessly. One of the primary uses for RFID technology is the automatic identification and tracking of objects via RFID tags, which may be attached or incorporated into a variety of objects. Examples include credit cards, passports, license plates, identity cards, cellphones/mobile devices, etc. RFID technology also has applications in numerous areas, including, but not limited to, electronic tolling, parking access, border control, payment processing, asset management, and transportation. Thus, for example, a license plate that includes an RFID tag may be used for the purposes of electronic toll collection (ETC), electronic vehicle registration (EVR), border crossing etc.
Different RFID applications may require different operation frequencies. For example, ultra high frequency (UHF) readers and transponder tags (e.g., operating at 915 megahertz (MHz) or 2.45 gigahertz (GHz)) provide greater read distances and faster data transfer rates, and are thus commonly deployed in ETC systems. In contrast, contactless payment systems may be implemented using high frequency (HF) or near field communication (NFC) readers and transponders (e.g., operating at 13.56 MHz), which tend to exhibit greater field penetration than UHF systems. However, the construction of a conventional RFID tag has limited flexibility to support operation in multiple frequencies.
Embodiments described herein provide various designs of a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag which includes a base component and a detachable component so that the RFID tag can be configured in multiple configurations to support operations in multiple frequencies.
According to an aspect, a radio frequency identification (RFID) switch tag is disclosed. This RFID switch tag includes a base component having an ultra-high frequency (UHF) booster, such as an UHF booster antenna, and a detachable component having at least one UHF RFID module and a high frequency (HF) RFID module, such as a near-field communication (NFC) tag.
According to another aspect, the detachable component is positioned in close proximity to the base component in a first configuration of the RFID switch tag such that the at least one UHF RFID module is sufficiently coupled to the UHF booster in the base component to form an UHF RFID system having a desired performance, such as a desired operating range of the UHF RFID system. In some embodiments, the detachable component is separated from the base component to obtain a second configuration of the RFID switch tag, and the HF RFID module remains functional within the detached detachable component so that the detachable component can be used as a standalone HF RFID tag. Moreover, in the second configuration, the at least one UHF RFID module is decoupled from the UHF booster in the base component to render the at least one UHF RFID module nonfunctional.
According to still another aspect, the detachable component can be detached from the base component to obtain a second configuration of the RFID switch tag such that the HF RFID module remains functional within the detached detachable component. The HF RFID module can be used as a near-field communication (NFC) tag in a second RFID application which requires an NFC operating range.
According to still another aspect, the RFID switch tag can be placed within a vehicle to serve as an RFID tag in an electronic toll collection (ETC) application.
According to still another aspect, the first RFID application is a first ETC application for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes and the second RFID application is a second ETC application for single occupancy vehicle (SOV) lanes.
Other features and advantages of the present inventive concept should be apparent from the following description which illustrates by way of example aspects of the present inventive concept.
The embodiments described herein will be understood from a review of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like parts and in which:
While certain embodiments are described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. The methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the example methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the scope of protection.
Embodiments described herein provide various designs of a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag which includes at least one base component and a detachable component such that the RFID tag can be configured in multiple configurations to support operations in multiple frequencies. In one aspect, a radio frequency identification (RFID) switch tag is disclosed. This RFID switch tag includes a base component having an ultra-high frequency (UHF) booster, such as an UHF booster antenna, and a detachable component having at least one UHF RFID module and a high frequency (HF) RFID module, such as a near-field communication (NFC) tag. In some embodiments, the detachable component is positioned in close proximity to the base component in a first configuration of the RFID switch tag such that the at least one UHF RFID module is sufficiently coupled to the UHF booster in the base component to form an UHF RFID system having a desired performance, such as a desired operating range of the UHF RFID system. In some embodiments, the detachable component is separated from the base component to obtain a second configuration of the RFID switch tag in which the HF RFID module remains functional within the detached detachable component so that the detachable component can be used as a standalone HF RFID tag. Moreover, in the second configuration, the at least one UHF RFID module is decoupled from the UHF booster in the base component to render the at least one UHF RFID module nonfunctional.
According to other embodiments, a technique for using an RFID switch tag that includes a base component and a detachable component is disclosed, wherein the base component further includes an ultra-high frequency (UHF) booster and the detachable component further includes at least one UHF RFID module and a high frequency (HF) RFID module. This technique can include positioning the detachable component in close proximity to the base component in a first configuration of the RFID switch tag such that the at least one UHF RFID module in the detachable component is sufficiently coupled to the UHF booster in the base component to form an UHF RFID tag having a desired operating range longer than an operating range of the at least one UHF RFID module. The technique further includes using the UHF RFID tag in a first RFID application, which requires the desired operating range. In some embodiments, the technique also includes detaching the detachable component from the base component to obtain a second configuration of the RFID switch tag such that the HF RFID module remains functional within the detached detachable component. The technique additionally includes using the HF RFID module as a near-field communication (NFC) tag in a second RFID application which requires an NFC operating range.
RFID tag 110 is a transponder that can be attached to an object of interest and act as an information storage mechanism. In many applications, the use of passive RFID tags is desirable, because they have a virtually unlimited operational lifetime and can be smaller, lighter, and cheaper than active RFID tags that contain an internal power source, e.g. battery. Passive RFID tags power themselves by rectifying the RF signal emitted by the RF scanner. Consequently, the range of transmit signal 108 determines the operational range of RFID tag 110.
RF transceiver 104 transmits RF signals to RFID tag 110, and receives RF signals from RFID tag 110, via antenna 106. The data in transmit signal 108 and receive signal 112 can be contained in one or more bits for the purpose of providing identification and other information relevant to the particular RFID tag application. When RFID tag 110 passes within the range of the radio frequency magnetic field emitted by antenna 106, RFID tag 110 is excited and transmits data back to RF interrogator 102. A change in the impedance of RFID tag 110 can be used to signal the data to RF interrogator 102 via receive signal 112. The impedance change in RFID tag 110 can be caused by producing a short circuit across the tag's antenna connections (not shown) in bursts of very short duration. RF transceiver 104 senses the impedance change as a change in the level of reflected or backscattered energy arriving at antenna 106.
Digital electronics 114, which can comprise a microprocessor with RAM, performs decoding and reading of receive signal 112. Similarly, digital electronics 114 performs the coding of transmit signal 108. Thus, RF interrogator 102 facilitates the reading or writing of data to RFID tags, e.g. RFID tag 110 that are within range of the RF field emitted by antenna 104. Together, RF transceiver 104 and digital electronics 114 comprise reader 118. Finally, digital electronics 114 and can be interfaced with an integral display and/or provide a parallel or serial communications interface to a host computer or industrial controller, e.g. host computer 116.
The reference to a HF or UHF tag is intended to indicate that the HF or UHF module included in detachable component 220 comprise all the components necessary to perform the functions of a RFID tag, such as described with respect to tag 110 in
Although the embodiment of
In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one UHF RFID module included in detachable component 220 is coupled with UHF booster antenna 230 included in base component 210 to form an UHF RFID system of desire performances. For example, the desired performances include a desired operating range for the UHF RFID system. In one embodiment, an UHF coupling antenna within the at least one UHF RFID module in detachable component 220 is positioned in a manner to ensure a sufficient amount of coupling, such as an inductive coupling, a capacitive coupling, or both, between the UHF coupling antenna in detachable component 220 and UHF booster antenna 230 in base component 210. The at least one UHF RFID module and the HF RFID tag, such as an NFC tag included in the detachable component 220 can be active, passive, or battery-assisted passive without departing from the scope of the inventive concept of this disclosure.
Although detachable component 220 is shown to have an oval shape, other embodiments of detachable component 220 can have other shapes, such as a circular shape, a rectangular shape, a triangular shape without departing from the scope of the inventive concept of this disclosure. Furthermore, if detachable component 220 has a rectangular shape, the rectangular shape can have either right-angled corners or rounded-corners. When detachable component 220 has a rectangular shape and rounded-corners, detachable component 220 may have an appearance of a card.
In RFID switch tag 200 shown in
According to one exemplary embodiment, RFID switch tag 200 can serve as a windshield tag. In this embodiment, base component 210 of RFID switch tag 200 can be attached to a vehicle's windshield using, for example, adhesives (e.g., adhesive strips). When RFID switch tag 200 is used as a windshield tag, RFID switch tag 200 can be used in various electronic toll collection (ETC) applications. For example, when RFID switch tag 200 is placed on a windshield with both base component 210 and detachable component 220, the at least one UHF module in detachable component 220 is coupled with UHF booster antenna 230 in base component 210 to form an UHF system having desired performances, such as a long operating range; however, when detachable component 220 is separated from base component 210 and the windshield, base component 210 can remain on the windshield but the at least one UHF module in detachable component 220 is no longer coupled to UHF booster antenna 230 in base component 210. As a result, neither the at least one UHF module in detachable component 220 nor UHF booster antenna 230 in base component 210 can be able to achieve the intended functionality of an UHF system, i.e., the UHF module is disabled.
In the embodiment of multi-frequency RFID module 300 illustrated in
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, chip 330 is configured to perform functions associated with both NFC and UHF systems including, but not limited to, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, digital and analog processing, and data storage. Although multi-frequency RFID module 300 uses a single IC chip 330 for both the UHF RFID module and the NFC tag, other implementations of detachable component 220 can use separate IC chips for the UHF RFID module and the NFC tag.
Notably, the HF RFID tag such as an NFC tag within detachable component 220 can remain functional when detachable component 220 is separated from base component 210. As such, detached detachable component 220 can be used exclusively as an HF RFID tag, such as an NFC tag (e.g., for making contactless payments). When used as an NFC tag, detachable component 220 can be configured with a shape and dimensions (including width, height, and thickness) so that it is sufficiently durable and can be conveniently placed inside a wallet, a purse, or a protective cover of a portable electronic device, such as a smartphone, a tablet, or an iPad™. The dimensions of detachable component 220 can be significantly greater than a typical RFID tag. In some embodiments, a rectangular shape having a size and a thickness that resembles a credit card is preferred. When detached from base component 210, detachable component 220 can be use in a “tap and go” manner in various NFC applications without being taken out of a wallet, a purse, or a protective cover of a portable electronic device where detachable component 220 is stored and carried around. In various embodiments, detachable component 220 is configured as a laminated card so that it is sufficiently durable through extensive uses as a standalone card. In some embodiments, detachable component 220 is configured with a hard case to provide additional durability and protection.
In some embodiments, RFID switch tag 200 is used in various ETC applications. For example, the at least one UHF RFID module in RFID switch tag 200 can be configured to be used in high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, while the HF RFID tag in RFID switch tag 200 can be configured to be used in single occupancy vehicle (SOV) lanes. Hence, by switching detaching detachable component 220 between the detached configuration of RFID switch tag 200 and the attached configuration of RFID switch tag 200, RFID switch tag 200 permits a driver to switch between HOV operations and SOV operations using a single RFID switch tag 200. In such embodiments, the tag 200 can include a switching mechanism that allows the user to switch between the UHF and HF tags as required. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/160,982, entitled “Multi-Frequency Radio Frequency Identification Tag,” filed May 20, 2016, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application No. 62/165,167, also entitled “Multi-Frequency Radio Frequency Identification Tag,” filed May 21, 2015; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/818,257, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Aug. 4, 2015, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/229,786, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,098,790, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Mar. 28, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/736,819, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,710,960, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Jan. 8, 2013, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/364,158, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,350,673, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Feb. 2, 2009, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application No. 61/025,000, also entitled “Method and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in RFID Systems,” filed Jan. 31, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/480,458, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Sep. 8, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/465,829, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,844,831, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed May 7, 2012, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/487,372, filed May 18, 2011 and 61/483,586, filed May 6, 2011, both entitled “RFID Switch Tag;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/578,196, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Dec. 19, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/060,407, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,944,337, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Oct. 22, 2013, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/465,834, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,561,911, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed May 7, 2012, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/487,372, filed May 18, 2011 and 61/483,586, filed May 6, 2011, both entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full; disclose various embodiments of tags that allow switching between modules incorporated within a switchable and/or multi-frequency tag. Any of these mechanisms can be used in accordance with switch tag 200.
According to one exemplary embodiment, RFID switch tag 200 can be used in one or more account management applications. For example, RFID switch tag 200 can be used to track a vehicle for purposes of electronic tolling, parking access, and border control. At least some applications for the RFID switch tag 200 are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,844,831 and 8,944,337, and U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/480,458 and 14/578,196, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
In some embodiments, access to the memory on the at least one UHF module and the NFC tag included in the detachable component 220 can be granted based on a security key. The provision of secure identification solutions is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,081,819, 7,671,746, 8,237,568, 8,322,044, and 8,004,410, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their respective entirety.
Multi-frequency RFID tags such as the RFID switch tag 200 are also described in Reissued U.S. Pat. Nos. RE 43,355 and RE 44,691, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their respective entirety.
Parent application Ser. No. 15/160,982, discloses a module that is similar to 300 that can itself me interfaced with an booster antenna and removed therefrom in order to interface with an booster antenna in another substrate, such as in a card. Here, the module 220 can be included in a card or other substrate as described, which itself can be interface with the booster antenna 230. This allows the inclusion of a switching mechanism as described above, which can allow the user to switch between, e.g., the HF and UHF modules in order to enable various functionality or applications. The switching can occur when the module 220 is interface with substrate 210, or when it is removed therefrom. Again U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/160,982, entitled “Multi-Frequency Radio Frequency Identification Tag,” filed May 20, 2016, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application No. 62/165,167, also entitled “Multi-Frequency Radio Frequency Identification Tag,” filed May 21, 2015; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/818,257, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Aug. 4, 2015, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/229,786, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,098,790, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Mar. 28, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/736,819, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,710,960, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Jan. 8, 2013, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/364,158, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,350,673, entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in an RFID System,” filed Feb. 2, 2009, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application No. 61/025,000, also entitled “Method and Apparatus for Preserving Privacy in RFID Systems,” filed Jan. 31, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/480,458, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Sep. 8, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/465,829, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,844,831, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed May 7, 2012, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/487,372, filed May 18, 2011 and 61/483,586, filed May 6, 2011, both entitled “RFID Switch Tag;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/578,196, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Dec. 19, 2014, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/060,407, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,944,337, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed Oct. 22, 2013, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/465,834, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,561,911, entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” filed May 7, 2012, which in turn claims priority to U.S. provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/487,372, filed May 18, 2011 and 61/483,586, filed May 6, 2011, both entitled “RFID Switch Tag,” disclose various switching mechanism and methods for switching a module such as module 220.
Some applications can require a placement of metallic material (e.g., retro-reflective material, holographic image) over the RFID switch tag 200. In order to preserve the transmission and reception capabilities of the RFID switch tag 200, a selective de-metallization process may be employed to treat the metallic material. Selective de-metallization is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,034,688 and 7,463,154, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their respective entirety.
In certain embodiments, the NFC, or HF tag or portion of the detachable component 220 can actually take the form of a card for use in an, e.g., NFC application. For example, the card could be a transit card used to access public transit. The card can be modified as described herein, however, to include at least one UHF module or component that can be couple to a booster antenna when the, e.g., transit card is inserted into a base unit. This is illustrated in
In certain embodiments, card 506 can include multiple UHF module for, e.g., various tolling settings or applications as described above. In this case, a switch 508 can be included in order to allow the booster antenna to interface with the appropriate UHF module. When switch 508 is slid from one setting to another, the booster antenna is moved so that it will couple with the appropriate module.
As illustrated in
It will be understood that other forms of switching mechanisms can be included in base unit 502. The term “switching mechanism” means a device that can move the booster antenna between discrete positions so that it is interfaced with the appropriate module.
It will also be understood that different constructions for the booster antenna can be used depending on the requirements of a specific implementation. Moreover, in certain implementations, the switching mechanism can cause modules 602 to move relative to the position of the booster antenna.
Thus, the user can insert the card 502 in order to access their tolling account and to interface with toll systems. The user can then remove the card and use it to interface with other systems such as transit systems. The user can then maintain their toll and transit accounts to ensure adequate funds are available. In other embodiments, card 502 can simply be a credit or debit card.
The example apparatuses, methods, and systems disclosed herein can be applied wireless communication devices incorporating HF and/or UHF RFID reader capabilities. The various components illustrated in the figures may be implemented as, for example, but not limited to, software and/or firmware on a processor, ASIC/FPGA/DSP, or dedicated hardware. Also, the features and attributes of the specific example embodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to form additional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
The foregoing method descriptions and the process flow diagrams are provided merely as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the steps of the various embodiments must be performed in the order presented. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art the order of steps in the foregoing embodiments may be performed in any order. Words such as “thereafter,” “then,” “next,” etc. are not intended to limit the order of the steps; these words are simply used to guide the reader through the description of the methods. Further, any reference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using the articles “a,” “an” or “the” is not to be construed as limiting the element to the singular.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The hardware used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of receiver devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Alternatively, some steps or methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
In one or more exemplary aspects, the functions described can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or non-transitory processor-readable storage medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be embodied in processor-executable instructions that may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. Non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage media may be any storage media that may be accessed by a computer or a processor. By way of example but not limitation, such non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of non-transitory computer-readable and processor-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium and/or computer-readable storage medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
Although the present disclosure provides certain example embodiments and applications, other embodiments that are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, including embodiments which do not provide all of the features and advantages set forth herein, are also within the scope of this disclosure.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/143,021, filed Jan. 6, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/677,444, filed on Nov. 7, 2019, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/757,018, filed Nov. 7, 2018. The disclosures of the above application are incorporated by reference in their entirety as a part of this document.
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| Child | 17143021 | US |
