Patent Grant
9748784
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of managing batteries in an electronic device. The present invention relates more particularly to a system for managing battery monitoring in a remote control for a set top box.
Description of the Related Art
Portable electronic devices are typically powered by batteries. Often to obtain a desired voltage level multiple batteries are connected in series. Batteries may also be connected in parallel to provide additional current capacity. Additionally, batteries may be connected in a combination of serial and parallel connected cells. When the voltage level of the connected batteries falls below a minimum operating voltage level the device will cease to function.
In many devices it is detrimental for the device to suddenly cease functioning because the voltage at the device's power terminals has dropped below the minimum operating voltage. In some such devices a circuit has been added to measure the voltage of the batteries. If the voltage is approaching the minimum operating voltage level then the portable electronic device may issue a warning signal to a user to indicate that the batteries will need to be replaced soon.
One embodiment of the invention is a portable electronic device that includes a battery port configured to receive a plurality of batteries to be connected in series. A comparison circuit is configured to measure an intermediate voltage at an intermediate node connecting two of the batteries in series. The comparison circuit compares the intermediate voltage to a reference voltage to determine if one battery is draining more quickly than the other.
In one embodiment the comparison circuit outputs a low battery signal to the user if one battery is draining more quickly than the other. In one embodiment the electronic device will not function if the comparison circuit finds that one battery is draining more quickly than the other, even though the total series voltage is still enough to power the electronic device. This can help prevent a dangerous situation in which a quickly discharging battery can begin to leak battery acid or other harmful materials if it is not replaced soon.
In one embodiment the portable electronic device is a remote control, for a T.V. or other entertainment system. In one embodiment the portable electronic device is a controller for a gaming system.
Batteries are used to power a very large variety of electronic devices. These devices include remote controls, PDAs, MP3 players, smart phones, game controllers, laptop computers, tablets, headlamps, and many more devices. Often times these devices are powered by multiple batteries connected in series to obtain a higher voltage than a single cell can provide. As the batteries discharge the series voltage gradually decreases until the electronic device can no longer be powered by the batteries. At this point the user of the electronic device will replace the batteries or recharge them.
Generally batteries of a same type will discharge at the same rate when connected in series in an electronic device. However, on occasion a defective battery will not discharge properly and its voltage will begin to decrease at a faster rate than a properly functioning battery of the same type. Such an accelerated voltage decline often is a precursor to a more dangerous problem, chemical leakage or fire from the battery.
The voltage across the terminals of a battery is a function of carefully arranged chemicals or materials. The particular materials determine the voltage of the battery. It is often very harmful for a human to touch, ingest, or inhale the fumes of the chemicals in a battery. Thus it is very dangerous to people when a battery corrodes and chemicals leak out. Such a condition is common in malfunctioning batteries with accelerated charge depletion.
The midpoint voltage meter 24 can measure the voltage at the midpoint node and compare it to the total series voltage, or a fraction of the total series voltage. For example if there are two batteries in the battery stack 22, then the midpoint voltage meter 24 could compare the midpoint voltage to half of the total series voltage. If the midpoint voltage is different than half of the total series voltage, then one battery has a lower voltage than the other battery. If the midpoint voltage is different (either greater or smaller) than half the series voltage by a selected threshold difference, then the midpoint voltage meter 24 can determine that one battery is in danger of leaking and can force the user to replace both batteries by causing the electronic device 20 to cease operation. This can be done in spite of the fact that the total series voltage is still enough to power the device 20. In one embodiment instead of forcing the electronic device 20 to cease operation, the midpoint voltage meter 24 can output a low battery signal or other signal that will indicate to the user to replace the batteries. In this way the user can replace the batteries before one or more batteries corrodes and begins leaking.
The threshold difference can be, for example, a selected fraction of the total series voltage, such as 1/e, where e ˜2.718. In other embodiments the threshold difference can be any other suitable percentage according to the preferences of the designer of the device.
The electronic device 20 can be any battery powered electronic device including a remote control for a set top box, another type of remote control, a remote control vehicle, a PDA, an MP3 player, a smart phone, a game controller, a laptop computer, a tablet, an automobile, a headlamp, or any other applicable device. In other embodiments the electronic device can include devices connected to AC power having battery backup, such as a fire alarm, a carbon monoxide alarm, or other suitable devices.
In other embodiments the batteries may be connected in parallel. In such an embodiment the voltage of each battery may be monitored to detect if one or more batteries are discharging more quickly than others. In one embodiment multiple batteries may be connected in series while others are connected in parallel. In such an embodiment both the serial and parallel voltages can be monitored to detect uneven discharge of the batteries.
The system 25 further includes a processing device 30 configured to receive commands from the electronic device 20. The processing device 30 includes a receiver 32 coupled to a control circuit 34. The control circuit 34 is further coupled to an output circuit 36.
The electronic device 20 is configured to control the processing device 30 with wireless signals transmitted from transmitter 26 and received by receiver 32. The electronic device 20 is for example a remote control, and the processing device 30 responds to the commands of the electronic device 20.
The battery stack 22 powers the electronic device 20 as well as the midpoint voltage meter 24, the transmitter 26, and the display 28. The midpoint voltage meter 24 is connected to the battery stack 22 as described in relation to
In one embodiment when the midpoint voltage meter 24 detects that a battery is draining too quickly, the transmitter 26 transmits a signal to the processing device 30. The receiver 32 receives the signal and sends it to the control circuit 34. The control circuit 34 then causes the output circuit 36 to indicate to the user that the batteries in the remote control need to be replaced. In one embodiment the control circuit 34 will not execute commands from the electronic device 20 until the batteries in the electronic device 20 have been replaced.
The output circuit 36 is, for example, a display screen of the processing circuit 30 configured to display visual and/or audio indicators to a user of the processing circuit 30. In one embodiment the output circuit 36 is a video signal processing circuit configured to output a video signal to a video display screen coupled to the processing circuit.
The remote control 20 includes at least a battery stack 22 and a midpoint voltage meter 24 as described in relation to
In other embodiments the remote control 20 will not transmit control signals to the set top box 30 until the user has changed the batteries. In this case the remote control 20 behaves as though the batteries are dead, even though the series voltage of the batteries may still be sufficient to power the remote control 20.
The system 25 according to one embodiment helps to promote the safety of its users. In many conventional set top box/remote control systems, a set top box may issue a low battery signal only when the series voltage of the batteries decreases to the point that soon the batteries will no longer power the remote control. Such a conventional system does not take into account the risk posed by a single defective battery whose voltage is decreasing at an accelerated rate. As described above, such a condition is often an indicator that the battery is likely to leak or may explode and potentially damage the system or endanger the user. In a system 25, according to one embodiment, the user is afforded extra protection against such a condition. In some embodiments the remote control 20 may specify which battery is draining too quickly and indicate to the user exactly which battery should be replaced. However, it is preferred to request that all batteries be replaced to avoid any further risk to the user.
The remote control 20 includes a battery port 38 configured to house two batteries 39a, 39b connected in series. The total series voltage of the batteries 39a, 39b powers a microcontroller 42. In particular, the positive terminal of battery 39a provides high voltage VH to microcontroller 42 and the negative terminal of battery 39b provides low voltage VL to the microcontroller 42. The microcontroller 42 controls an infrared or a wireless transmitter 26 and a display 28. An intermediate node 40 connects the battery 39a to the battery 39b in series. The intermediate node 40 is also connected to the microcontroller 42. In this way the microcontroller 42 receives the intermediate voltage appearing on the intermediate node 40.
The microcontroller 42 processes input commands from the user, executes programs stored in memory, controls the transmitter 26, and controls the display 28. The microcontroller 42 also compares the intermediate voltage to a reference voltage to check for non-uniform drain rates in the batteries 39a, 39b as described in relation to
The control circuitry 43 controls the function of the remote control 20. The control circuitry 43 reads and executes instructions stored in the memory 44. The control circuitry 43 also writes data to the memory 43. The control circuitry 43 controls the function of the comparison circuit 24.
When the comparison circuit 24 makes a comparison of the midpoint voltage 24, the control circuitry 43 receives the results of the comparison and takes action accordingly. If the comparison circuit 24 indicates that the batteries 39a, 39b are draining at a non-uniform rate, then the control circuit can cause the display 28 to emit a low-battery notification, the transmitter 26 to transmit a low battery signal to the set top box 30, or the remote control to cease functioning until the batteries 39a, 39b have been replaced.
The microcontroller 42 of
In
In some circumstances, having Vref be a set, unchangeable amount is preferred, while in others, having it be variable is preferred.
While some particular embodiments have been described, many different embodiments are possible, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. All such embodiments fall within the scope of this disclosure. For example, in one embodiment, the reference voltage Vref is a variable voltage that is determined from the series voltage and varies exactly with the series voltage. In this embodiment, the value of reference Vref is made to be exactly one half of the series voltage. A simple resistor divider circuit having equal value resistors coupled between the VH and VL nodes on the battery can therefore provide the reference voltage Vref. If the series voltage drops slightly the reference voltage will decrease as well so that the comparison performed is a true midpoint for the state of that particular set of batteries.
In some circumstances, having Vref be a set, unchangeable amount is preferred, while in others, having Vref variable is preferred.
Each comparator 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d of the analog-to-digital converter 24 compares the midpoint voltage to a respective reference voltage. The respective reference voltages are divisions of the primary reference voltage Vref. The chain of resistors R thus acts as a voltage divider to provide a plurality of reference voltages. Each comparator 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d will output a high or low value according to the individual comparisons. The digital outputs B1 and B2 are determined by the comparisons. In particular the digital output encoder includes a plurality of logic gates configured to receive as four inputs the outputs of the comparators 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d and to output two binary outputs B1 and B2 accordingly. The outputs B1, B2 can combine to make binary values 00, 01, 10, or 11.
The outputs B1 and B2 are read by the control circuitry 43 of the microcontroller 42 and compared to values in memory. In one example, digital value 11 represents a state in which the midpoint voltage is higher than half of the series voltage by more than a threshold amount and the control circuitry determines that there is a non-uniform drain rate among the batteries 39a, 39b. In one embodiment the value 00 represents a state in which the midpoint voltage is lower than half of the series voltage by more than a threshold amount and the control circuitry 43 determines that there is non-uniform drain rate among the batteries 39a, 39b. In one embodiment, values 01, 10 each represent a state in which the batteries 39a, 39b are determined to be draining at a sufficiently uniform rate.
The analog-to-digital converter 24 of
In this embodiment OR gate 56 provides a high output if either or both of the comparators 54a, 54b provide a high output. A high output by the OR gate 56 indicates that there is a non uniform drain rate among the batteries 39a, 39b. The values of the resistors R1, R2 are selected to provide a high threshold voltage reference. If the midpoint voltage exceeds this high voltage reference, then comparator 54a outputs a high voltage and the OR gate also outputs a high voltage. If the value of the midpoint voltage is less than the high voltage reference, then midpoint voltage has not exceeded the high voltage reference and the output of the comparator 54a is low. The high voltage reference thus acts as a high threshold value which should always be higher than the midpoint voltage.
The values of resistors R3, R4 are selected to provide a low voltage reference to the comparator 54b. The low voltage reference acts as a low voltage threshold below which the midpoint voltage should never cross. If the midpoint voltage is less than the low voltage reference then comparator 54b outputs a high output and the OR gate switches high indicating a non uniform drain rate among the batteries 39a, 39b. If the midpoint voltage is higher than the low voltage reference, then the output of the comparator 54b is low. If the outputs of both of the comparators 54a, 54b are low, then midpoint voltage falls within an acceptable range and the output of the OR gate is also low. The output of the OR gate 56 is provided to the control circuitry 43 of
Likewise if Mid2 is connected to a midpoint voltage comparison circuit 24, then the midpoint voltage comparison circuit can check to see if the voltage at Mid2 is within a threshold difference of ⅓ of the total series voltage. If Mid2 is greater or less than ⅓ the total series voltage by more than a threshold difference, then the midpoint voltage comparison circuit 24 determines that there is a non-uniform drain rate among the batteries 39a, 39b, 39c.
Thus, the term, midpoint voltage is sufficiently broad to include voltages sensed at various locations in a three, four, five or more battery system and not just the middle voltage value of a series battery connection. In one embodiment, it is not desired to determine which particular battery 39a, 39b, 39c is aberrantly draining. It is only desired to determine that there is a non uniform drain rate. In other embodiments, it may be desired to determine which battery 39a, 39b, 39c is aberrantly draining. It is possible to do either in view of the present disclosure.
In other embodiments, the number of batteries may be greater than two or three. In fact a non-uniform drain rate can be detected in any number of batteries connected in series. Such other embodiments also fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
While some embodiments include comparing a midpoint voltage of series connected batteries, other embodiments include comparing voltages of parallel connected batteries. For example voltage levels of parallel connected batteries may be compared to each other to detect an uneven discharge rate among the batteries.
While some embodiments include an electronic device 20 with a wireless transmitter 26 or receiver 32, other embodiments include no wireless transmitter 26 or receiver 32. One embodiment can include any electronic device 20 that may receive battery power. The electronic device 20 can be connected to an AC power source and use battery power as backup power.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5099211 | Nowak | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5442345 | Kwon | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5504415 | Podrazhansky et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5644209 | Chabbert et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5963010 | Hayashi et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5965996 | Arledge et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5998969 | Tsuji et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6252376 | Nakamura et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6297618 | Emori et al. | Oct 2001 | B2 |
| 6373256 | Hanjani et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6384576 | Jokinen | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6437539 | Olsson et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
| 6449726 | Smith | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6762588 | Miyazaki | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6891352 | Miyazaki | May 2005 | B2 |
| 7124040 | Engelhardt et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7598701 | Odaohhara | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 8174237 | Kosugi | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8463562 | Nakanishi | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8638066 | Robertson | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8717035 | Shook | May 2014 | B2 |
| 20030015995 | Tamura et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030044689 | Miyazaki et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030087147 | Minamiura | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20040239333 | Kikuchi | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040257041 | Nagaoka | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050110460 | Arai | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050140334 | Tamai | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050247775 | Gloekler et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060017581 | Schwendinger et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20070018613 | Miyazaki | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20080059000 | Hornick et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080315832 | Kondo | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090087722 | Sakabe | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090179650 | Omagari | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090208821 | Kosugi | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090262254 | Reams | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20100004885 | Nakanishi | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100007506 | Fischer | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20110148425 | Shook et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110193413 | Kudo | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110248679 | Tien et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20120093334 | Schreuder et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120242344 | Ishishita | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120253717 | Ito et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120256598 | Hsu et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120262180 | Ishishita | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20130113428 | Emori et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130338950 | Joe et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 10-0814128 | Mar 2008 | KR |
| 10-2011-0052384 | May 2011 | KR |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report dated Jan. 30, 2013 from International Application No. PCT/US2012/053161 (2 pages). |
| Der, “How to Simplify the Design of an RF Remote Control,” isQED Symposium 2011, Santa Clara, CA, Mar. 14-16, 2011, URL=http://low-powerwireless.com/blog/designarticles/how-to-simplify-the-design-of-an-rf-remote-control/, downloaded Mar. 29, 2011. |
| Hande et al., “An electromechanical transfer circuit to measure individual battery voltages in series packs,” Journal of Power Sources 162:719-726, 2006. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20130057777 A1 | Mar 2013 | US |
