Patent Application
20240010951
The present invention relates to detergent compositions for the treatment of substrates e.g. fabrics.
The colour of liquid detergent compositions is an important cue to the performance of that composition. Discolouration of the composition over time (during storage in a warehouse, or in the home) is undesirable as this can present inconsistent aesthetics within the same product batch. If the consumer inspects the liquid before sale, they may choose not to buy the product. If the discolouration occurs after purchase, the consumer may perceive this as aging and a sign of decrease in performance (even though the performance may actually be unaffected). In the worst case, they may discard the entire composition without using any of it, which is highly wasteful.
Accordingly, in one aspect the invention provides a detergent composition for the non-oxidative cleaning of substrate stains, the composition comprising:
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a substrate comprising the step of contacting a substrate with a composition of the first aspect of the invention.
In a further aspect, the invention also provides a method of making a liquid detergent composition, the method comprising the step of incorporating into a liquid detergent composition:
In a further aspect, the invention provides use of:
In a further aspect the invention provides use of a composition comprising:
With the arrangement of the invention, the problem of discolouration that occurs over time during storage is reduced, even at low levels of the sequestrants, making the composition highly cost-effective. The effects may be seen during storage over a period of weeks, at least 4 weeks, or at least 8 weeks or at least 12 weeks.
Gluconic acid can be selected from racemic mixtures of salts of gluconic acid (gluconates) and of the pure enantiomers such as alkali metal salts of L-gluconic acid, alkali metal salts of D-gluconic acid and of mixtures of enantiomerically enriched isomers. D-isomeric forms are preferred.
GLDA may be present as a salt or a mixture of GDLA and a GDLA salt. Preferred salt forms include mono-, di-, tri- or tetraalkali metal and mono-, di-, tri- or tetraammonium salts of GLDA. Alkali metal salts of glutamic acid diacetic acid GDLA are preferably selected from lithium salts, potassium salts and more preferably sodium salts of GLDA.
Glutamic acid diacetic acid can be partially or preferably fully neutralized with the respective alkali. Preferably, an average of from 3.5 to 4 COOH groups of GLDA is neutralized with alkali metal, preferably with sodium. Most preferably the composition comprises a tetrasodium salt of GLDA.
GLDA is at least partially neutralized with alkali metal, more preferably with sodium or potassium, most preferred with sodium.
The GLDA salt may be an alkali metal salt of L-GLDA, an alkali metal salt of D-GLDA, or enantiomerically enriched mixtures of isomers.
Preferably the composition comprises a mixture of L- and D-enantiomers of glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) or its respective mono-, di-, tri-, or tetraalkali metal or mono-, di-, tri- or tetraammonium salt or mixtures thereof, said mixtures containing predominantly the respective L-isomer with an enantiomeric excess (ee) in the range of from 10 to 95%.
Preferably the GLDA salt is essentially L-glutamic acid diacetic acid that is at least partially neutralized with alkali metal.
Sodium salts of GLDA are preferred.
A suitable commercial source of GLDA in the form of the tetrasodium salt is DISSOLVINE® GL available from Nouryon.
Methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA). Preferred salt forms include mono-, di-, tri- or tetraalkali metal and mono-, di-, tri- or tetraammonium salts of MGDA. Alkali metal salts are preferably selected from lithium salts, potassium salts and more preferably sodium salts of MGDA.
The sodium salt of methyl glycine diacetic acid is preferred. Especially preferred is the trisodium salt of MGDA.
MGDA can be partially or preferably fully neutralized with the respective alkali metal. Preferably, an average of from 2.7 to 3 COOH groups per molecule of MGDA is neutralized with alkali metal, preferably with sodium.
MGDA can be selected from racemic mixtures of alkali metal salts of MGDA and of the pure enantiomers such as alkali metal salts of L-MGDA, alkali metal salts of D-MGDA and of mixtures of enantiomerically enriched isomers.
Suitable commercial sources of MGDA in the form of the trisodium salt are TRILON® M available from BASF and Dissolvine® M-40 from Nouryon.
Preferably the gluconic acid is present in the range of from 0.1-15% wt, more preferably 0.1-105 wt, even more preferably 4-2% wt, still more preferably 3-1.5% wt, and most preferably 1-2% wt (by weight of the composition).
Preferably the aminocarboxylate is present in the range of from 0.1-15% wt, more preferably 0.1-10% wt, even more preferably 0.3-3% wt, still more preferably 0.8-2%, and most preferably 0.1-1.5% wt (by weight of the composition).
Preferably the aminocarboxylate and gluconic acid are in present in the composition in a ratio of 1-3:1-4, most preferably 4 3:4. In some embodiments the ratio is D-gluconic acid rich so it is 1:2-4. In some embodiments the ratio is 1:1. In some embodiments the ratio is aminocarboxylate rich so it is 2-4:1
Minor amounts of the aminocarboxylate may bear a cation other than alkali metal. It is thus possible that minor amounts, such as 0.01 to 5 mol-% bear alkali earth metal cations such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, or an Fe(II) or Fe(III) cation. GLDA may contain minor amounts of impurities stemming from its synthesis, such as lactic acid, alanine, propionic acid or the like. “Minor amounts” in this context refer to a total of 0.1 to 1% by weight, referring to sequestering agent aminocarboxylate.
The composition may contain one or more further sequestrants, or other so called building agents including agents which act on hardness ions by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance) and/or agents that act by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles).
Inorganic, non-phosphate builders include hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, zeolites, and mixtures thereof. Suitable hydroxide builders for use in the invention include sodium and potassium hydroxide.
Suitable carbonate builders for use in the invention include mixed or separate, anhydrous or partially hydrated alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates or sesquicarbonates. Preferably the alkali metal is sodium and/or potassium, more preferably sodium carbonate.
Suitable silicate builders include amorphous forms and/or crystalline forms of alkali metal (such as sodium) silicates. Preferred are crystalline layered sodium silicates (phyllosilicates) of the general formula (I)
NaMSixO2x+1·yH2O (I)
in which M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2 or 3 and y is a number from 0 to 20. Sodium disilicates of the above formula in which M is sodium and x is 2 are particularly preferred. Such materials can be prepared with different crystal structures, referred to as a, p, y and b phases, with 5-sodium disilicate being most preferred.
Suitable zeolite builders may be defined by the general formula (II):
Nax[(AIO2)x(SiO2)y]·zH2O (II)
in which x and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of x to y is in the range from about 1 to about 0.5, and z is an integer of at least 5, preferably from about 7.5 to about 276, more preferably from about 10 to about 264.
Preferred inorganic, non-phosphate builders may be selected from zeolites (of the general formula (II) defined above), sodium carbonate, 6-sodium disilicate and mixtures thereof.
Additional organic builders include sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates (EDTA), sodium and potassium N(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine triacetates, sodium and potassium nitrilotriacetates and sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilodiacetates; N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED); ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis-(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA); polymeric polycarboxylates such as polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (e.g. acrylic, methacrylic, vinylacetic, and crotonic acids) and/or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (e.g. maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic and citraconic acids and their anhydrides) e.g. polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and copolymers of acrylic and maleic acid. Polymers may be in acid, salt or partially neutralised form and may suitably have a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 1,000 to 100,000, preferably from about 2,000 to about 85,000, and more preferably from about 2,500 to about 75,000.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
Preferably the level of phosphate builders in a detergent composition of the invention is no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition). The term “phosphate builder” in the context of this invention denotes alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphate, orthophosphate, and/or metaphosphate (e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate).
If further builders are included, the overall level (including the combination of the invention) may range from about 0.1 to about 80%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
The following terms, as used herein, are defined below:
Articles such as “a” and “an” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated. It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein
Examples of detergent compositions include heavy-duty detergents for use in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines, as well as fine wash and colour care detergents such as those suitable for washing delicate garments (e.g. those made of silk or wool) either by hand or in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines.
The choice of detersive surfactant, and the amount present, will depend on the intended use of the detergent composition. For example, different surfactant systems may be chosen for hand-washing products and for products intended for use in different types of automatic washing machine. The total amount of detersive surfactant present will also depend on the intended end use. In compositions for machine washing of fabrics, an amount of from 5 to 40%, such as 15 to 35% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) is generally appropriate. Higher levels may be used in compositions for washing fabrics by hand, such as up to 60% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Preferred detersive surfactants may be selected from non-soap anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
Non-soap anionic surfactants are principally used to facilitate particulate soil removal. Non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically salts of organic sulfates and sulfonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term “alkyl” being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of such materials include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates and mixtures thereof. The alkyl radicals preferably contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulfates may contain from one to ten ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain one to three ethylene oxide units per molecule. The counterion for anionic surfactants is generally an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium; or an ammoniacal counterion such as monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA). Mixtures of such counterions may also be employed.
A preferred class of non-soap anionic surfactant for use in the invention includes alkylbenzene sulfonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) with an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Commercial LAS is a mixture of closely related isomers and homologues alkyl chain homologues, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the “para” position and attached to a linear alkyl chain at any position except the terminal carbons. The linear alkyl chain typically has a chain length of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, with the predominant materials having a chain length of about C12. Each alkyl chain homologue consists of a mixture of all the possible sulfophenyl isomers except for the 1-phenyl isomer. LAS is normally formulated into compositions in acid (i.e. HLAS) form and then at least partially neutralized in-situ.
Also suitable are alkyl ether sulfates having a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 10 to 18, more preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms and containing an average of 1 to 3EO units per molecule. A preferred example is sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) in which the predominantly C12 lauryl alkyl group has been ethoxylated with an average of 3EO units per molecule.
Some alkyl sulfate surfactant (PAS) may be used, such as non-ethoxylated primary and secondary alkyl sulfates with an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used. A preferred mixture of non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention comprises linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (preferably C11 to C15 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (preferably C10 to C18 alkyl sulfate ethoxylated with an average of 1 to 3 EO).
In a detergent composition according to the invention, the total level of non-soap anionic surfactant may suitably range from 5 to 30% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
Nonionic surfactants may provide enhanced performance for removing very hydrophobic oily soil and for cleaning hydrophobic polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Nonionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically polyoxyalkylene compounds, i.e. the reaction product of alkylene oxides (such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or mixtures thereof) with starter molecules having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom which is reactive with the alkylene oxide. Such starter molecules include alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols. Where the starter molecule is an alcohol, the reaction product is known as an alcohol alkoxylate. The polyoxyalkylene compounds can have a variety of block and heteric (random) structures. For example, they can comprise a single block of alkylene oxide, or they can be diblock alkoxylates or triblock alkoxylates. Within the block structures, the blocks can be all ethylene oxide or all propylene oxide, or the blocks can contain a heteric mixture of alkylene oxides. Examples of such materials include aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates such as C8 to C18 primary or secondary linear or branched alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 2 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
A preferred class of nonionic surfactant for use in the invention includes aliphatic C8 to C18, more preferably C12 to C15 primary linear alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 3 to 20, more preferably from 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
In a detergent composition according to the invention, the total level of nonionic surfactant may suitably range from 0 to 25% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A detergent composition of the invention may contain one or more cosurfactants (such as amphoteric (zwitterionic) and/or cationic surfactants) in addition to the non-soap anionic and/or nonionic detersive surfactants described above.
Specific cationic surfactants include C8 to C18 alkyl dimethyl ammonium halides and derivatives thereof in which one or two hydroxyethyl groups replace one or two of the methyl groups, and mixtures thereof. Cationic surfactant, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
Specific amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term “alkyl” being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactant, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A detergent composition according to the invention may suitably be in liquid or particulate form, or a mixture thereof.
The term “particulate” in the context of this invention denotes free-flowing or compacted solid forms such as powders, granules, pellets, flakes, bars, briquettes or tablets.
One preferred form for a particulate detergent composition according to the invention is a free-flowing powdered solid, with a loose (unpackaged) bulk density generally ranging from about 200 g/l to about 1,300 g/l, preferably from about 400 g/l to about 1,000 g/l, more preferably from about 500 g/l to about 900 g/l.
The detergent composition according to the invention is most preferably in liquid form.
The term “liquid” in the context of this invention denotes that a continuous phase or predominant part of the composition is liquid, and that the composition is flowable at 15° C. and above. Accordingly, the term “liquid” may encompass emulsions, suspensions, and compositions having flowable yet stiffer consistency, known as gels or pastes. The viscosity of the composition may suitably range from about 200 to about 10,000 mPa·s at 25° C. at a shear rate of 21 sec−1. This shear rate is the shear rate that is usually exerted on the liquid when poured from a bottle. Pourable liquid compositions generally have a viscosity of from 200 to 2,500 mPa·s, preferably from 200 to 1500 mPa·s. Liquid compositions which are pourable gels generally have a viscosity of from 1,500 mPa·s to 6,000 mPa·s, preferably from 1,500 mPa·s to 2,000 mPa·s.
A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may generally comprise from 5 to 95%, preferably from 10 to 90%, more preferably from 15 to 85% water (by weight based on the total weight of the composition). The composition may also incorporate non-aqueous carriers such as hydrotropes, co-solvents and phase stabilizers. Such materials are typically low molecular weight, water-soluble or water-miscible organic liquids such as C1 to C5 monohydric alcohols (such as ethanol and n- or i-propanol); C2 to C6 diols (such as monopropylene glycol and dipropylene glycol); C3 to C9 triols (such as glycerol); polyethylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 200 to 600; C1 to C3 alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamines; and alkyl aryl sulfonates having up to 3 carbon atoms in the lower alkyl group (such as the sodium and potassium xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isopropyl benzene (cumene) sulfonates).
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
Non-aqueous carriers, when included in a liquid detergent composition according to the invention, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20%, preferably from 1 to 15%, and more preferably from 3 to 12% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A particulate detergent composition of the invention may include one or more fillers to assist in providing the desired density and bulk to the composition. Suitable fillers for use in the invention may generally be selected from neutral salts with a solubility in water of at least 1 gram per 100 grams of water at 20° C.; such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium chlorides, fluorides, acetates and sulfates and mixtures thereof. Preferred fillers for use in the invention include alkali metal (more preferably sodium and/or potassium) sulfates and chlorides and mixtures thereof, with sodium sulfate and/or sodium chloride being most preferred.
Filler, when included, may be present in a total amount ranging from about 1 to about 80%, preferably from about 5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A detergent composition according to the invention may include one or more polymeric cleaning boosters such as antiredeposition polymers, soil release polymers and mixtures thereof.
Anti-redeposition polymers stabilise the soil in the wash solution thus preventing redeposition of the soil. Suitable anti-redeposition polymers for use in the invention include alkoxylated polyethyleneimines. Polyethyleneimines are materials composed of ethylene imine units —CH2CH2NH— and, where branched, the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by another chain of ethylene imine units. Preferred alkoxylated polyethylenimines for use in the invention have a polyethyleneimine backbone of about 300 to about 10000 weight average molecular weight (Mw). The polyethyleneimine backbone may be linear or branched. It may be branched to the extent that it is a dendrimer. The alkoxylation may typically be ethoxylation or propoxylation, or a mixture of both. Where a nitrogen atom is alkoxylated, a preferred average degree of alkoxylation is from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 alkoxy groups per modification. A preferred material is ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, with an average degree of ethoxylation being from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 ethoxy groups per ethoxylated nitrogen atom in the polyethyleneimine backbone.
Preferably, the polyamine is a soil release agent comprising a polyamine backbone corresponding to the formula:
having a modified polyamine formula V(n+1)WmYnZ, or
having a modified polyamine formula V(nk+1)WmYnY′kZ,
Preferably, the polyamine backbone prior to modification has a molecular weight greater than about 200 daltons.
Preferably,
Preferably, backbone linking R units are selected from the group consisting of C2-C12 alkylene, —(R1O)xR3 (OR1)x-, —(CH2CH(OR2)CH2O)z(R1O)yR1(OCH2CH(OR2)CH2)w-, —CH2CH(OR2)CH2— and mixtures thereof,
Preferably, R1 is C2-C6 alkylene and mixtures thereof;
Preferably, R2 is hydrogen, (R10)XB, and mixtures thereof;
Preferably, R3 is C1-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxy-alkylene, C8-C12 dialkylarylene, —C(O)—, —C(O)NHR5NHC(O)—, C(O)(R4)rC(O)—, —CH2CH(OH)CH2O(R1O)yR1O—CH2CH(OH)CH2—, and mixtures thereof;
Preferably, R4 is C1-C12 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, C8-C12 arylalkylene, C6-C10 arylene, and mixtures thereof;
Preferably, R5 is C2-C12 alkylene or C6 C12 arylene;
Preferably, E units are selected from the group consisting of (CH2)p-CO2M, —(CH2)qSO3M, —CH(CH2CO2M)CO2M, (CH2)pPO3M, —(R1 O)xB, and mixtures thereof,
Preferably, B is hydrogen, —(CH2)qSO3M, —(CH2)pCO2M, —(CH2)q CH(SO3M)CH2SO3M, —(CH2)qCH(SO2M)CH2SO3M, —(CH2)pPO3M, —PO3M, and mixtures thereof,
Preferably, M is hydrogen or a water soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance;
Preferably X is a water soluble anion;
Preferably k has the value from 0 to about 20;
Preferably m has the value from 4 to about 400;
Preferably n has the value from 0 to about 200;
Preferably p has the value from 1 to 6,
Preferably q has the value from 0 to 6;
Preferably r has the value 0 or 1;
Preferably w has the value 0 or 1;
Preferably x has the value from 1 to 100;
Preferably y has the value from 0 to 100; and
Preferably z has the value 0 or 1.
The overall level of anti-redeposition polymer, when included, may range from 0.05 to 6%, more preferably from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
More preferably, liquid compositions comprise from about 0.5% to about 4% polyamine, more preferably from 2.0 to 3.5% wt. of the composition.
Another type of suitable anti-redeposition polymer for use in the invention includes cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
Soil release polymers help to improve the detachment of soils from fabric by modifying the fabric surface during washing. The adsorption of an SRP over the fabric surface is promoted by an affinity between the chemical structure of the SRP and the target fibre.
SRPs for use in the invention may include a variety of charged (e.g. anionic) as well as non-charged monomer units and structures may be linear, branched or star-shaped. The SRP structure may also include capping groups to control molecular weight or to alter polymer properties such as surface activity. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the SRP may suitably range from about 1000 to about 20,000 and preferably ranges from about 1500 to about 10,000.
SRPs for use in the invention may suitably be selected from copolyesters of dicarboxylic acids (for example adipic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid), diols (for example ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and polydiols (for example polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol). The copolyester may also include monomeric units substituted with anionic groups, such as for example sulfonated isophthaloyl units. Examples of such materials include oligomeric esters produced by transesterification/oligomerization of poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether, dimethyl terephthalate (“DMT”), propylene glycol (“PG”) and poly(ethyleneglycol) (“PEG”); partly- and fully-anionic-end-capped oligomeric esters such as oligomers from ethylene glycol (“EG”), PG, DMT and Na-3,6-dioxa-8-hydroxyoctanesulfonate; nonionic-capped block polyester oligomeric compounds such as those produced from DMT, Me-capped PEG and EG and/or PG, or a combination of DMT, EG and/or PG, Me-capped PEG and Na-dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate, and copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate
Other types of SRP for use in the invention include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, C1-C4 alkylcelluloses and C4 hydroxyalkyl celluloses; polymers with poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobic segments such as graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), for example C1-C6 vinyl esters (such as poly(vinyl acetate)) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones; poly(vinyl caprolactam) and related co-polymers with monomers such as vinyl pyrrolidone and/or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; and polyester-polyamide polymers prepared by condensing adipic acid, caprolactam, and polyethylene glycol.
Preferred SRPs for use in the invention include copolyesters formed by condensation of terephthalic acid ester and diol, preferably 1,2 propanediol, and further comprising an end cap formed from repeat units of alkylene oxide capped with an alkyl group. Examples of such materials have a structure corresponding to general formula (II):
Because they are averages, m, n and a are not necessarily whole numbers for the polymer in bulk.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
The overall level of SRP, when included, may range from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.3 to 7%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A detergent composition according to the invention may in some cases contain one or more fatty acids and/or salts thereof.
Suitable fatty acids in the context of this invention include aliphatic carboxylic acids of formula RCOOH, where R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain containing from 6 to 24, more preferably 10 to 22, most preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bond. Preferred examples of such materials include saturated C12-18 fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid; and fatty acid mixtures in which 50 to 100% (by weight based on the total weight of the mixture) consists of saturated C12-18 fatty acids. Such mixtures may typically be derived from natural fats and/or optionally hydrogenated natural oils (such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow).
The fatty acids may be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and/or in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
Fatty acids and/or their salts, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.25 to 5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5%, most preferably from 0.75 to 4% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
For formula accounting purposes, in the formulation, fatty acids and/or their salts (as defined above) are not included in the level of surfactant or in the level of builder.
A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may comprise one or more rheology modifiers. Examples of such materials include polymeric thickeners and/or structurants such as hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion (HASE) copolymers. Exemplary HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of a monomer mixture including at least one acidic vinyl monomer, such as (meth)acrylic acid (i.e. methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid); and at least one associative monomer. The term “associative monomer” in the context of this invention denotes a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated section (for addition polymerization with the other monomers in the mixture) and a hydrophobic section. A preferred type of associative monomer includes a polyoxyalkylene section between the ethylenically unsaturated section and the hydrophobic section. Preferred HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid with (i) at least one associative monomer selected from linear or branched C8-C40 alkyl (preferably linear C12-C22 alkyl) polyethoxylated (meth)acrylates; and (ii) at least one further monomer selected from C1-C4 alkyl (meth) acrylates, polyacidic vinyl monomers (such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or salts thereof) and mixtures thereof. The polyethoxylated portion of the associative monomer (i) generally comprises about 5 to about 100, preferably about 10 to about 80, and more preferably about 15 to about 60 oxyethylene repeating units.
Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
Polymeric thickeners, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may also have its rheology modified by use of one or more external structurants which form a structuring network within the composition. Examples of such materials include hydrogenated castor oil, microfibrous cellulose and citrus pulp fibre. The presence of an external structurant may provide shear thinning rheology and may also enable materials such as encapsulates and visual cues to be suspended stably in the liquid.
A detergent composition according to the invention may comprise an effective amount of one or more enzymes selected from the group comprising, pectate lyase, protease, amylase, cellulase, lipase, mannanase and mixtures thereof. The enzymes are preferably present with corresponding enzyme stabilizers.
The level of each enzyme in the composition of the invention is from 0.0001 wt. % to 1 wt. % (of the composition). Total enzyme levels may be from 0.0001 to 5%.
Levels of enzyme present in the composition preferably relate to the level of enzyme as pure protein.
Preferred enzymes include those in the group consisting of: proteases, cellulases, alpha-amylases, peroxidases/oxidases, pectate lyases, and/or mannanases. Said preferred enzymes include a mixture of two or more of these enzymes.
Preferably the enzyme is selected from: proteases, cellulases, and/or alpha-amylases.
Preferred proteases are selected from the following group, serine, acidic, metallo- and cysteine proteases. More preferably the protease is a serine and/or acidic protease.
Preferably the protease is a serine protease. More preferably the serine protease is subtilisin type serine protease.
Protease enzymes hydrolyse bonds within peptides and proteins, in the cleaning context this leads to enhanced removal of protein or peptide containing stains. Serine proteases are preferred. Subtilase type serine proteases are more preferred. The term “subtilases” refers to a sub-group of serine protease according to Siezen et al., Protein Engng. 4 (1991) 719-737 and Siezen et al. Protein Science 6 (1997) 501-523. Serine proteases are a subgroup of proteases characterized by having a serine in the active site, which forms a covalent adduct with the substrate. The subtilases may be divided into 6 sub-divisions, i.e. the Subtilisin family, the Thermitase family, the Proteinase K family, the Lantibiotic peptidase family, the Kexin family and the Pyrolysin family.
Examples of subtilases are those derived from Bacillus species such as Bacillus lentus, B. licheniformis, B. alkalophilus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus and B. gibsonii described in; U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,042 and WO09/021867, and subtilisin lentus, subtilisin Novo, subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin BPN′, subtilisin 309, subtilisin 147 and subtilisin 168 described in WO 89/06279 and protease PD138 described in (WO 93/18140). Other useful proteases may be those described in WO 92/175177, WO 01/016285, WO 02/026024 and WO 02/016547. Examples of trypsin-like proteases are trypsin (e.g. of porcine or bovine origin) and the Fusarium protease described in WO 89/06270, WO 94/25583 and WO 05/040372, and the chymotrypsin proteases derived from Cellumonas described in WO 05/052161 and WO 05/052146.
Most preferably the protease is a subtilisin protease (EC 3.4.21.62).
Examples of subtilases are those derived from Bacillus such as Bacillus lentus, B. alkalophilus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus and B. gibsonii described in; U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,042 and WO09/021867, and subtilisin lentus, subtilisin Novo, subtilisin Carlsberg, Bacillus licheniformis, subtilisin BPN′, subtilisin 309, subtilisin 147 and subtilisin 168 described in WO89/06279 and protease PD138 described in (WO93/18140). Preferably the subsilisin is derived from Bacillus, preferably B. lentus, B. alkalophilus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus and Bacillus gibsonii as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,312,936 BI, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,679,630, 4,760,025, 7,262,042 and WO 09/021867. Most preferably the subtilisin is derived from B. gibsonii or B. Lentus.
Suitable commercially available protease enzymes include those sold under the trade names names Carnival®, Relase®, Relase® Ultra, Savinase®, Savinase® Ultra, Coronase®, Coronase® Ultra, Kannase®, Liquanase®, Liquanase® Ultra, all could be sold as Ultra® or Evity® (Novozymes A/S).
The invention may be carried out in the presence of phospholipase classified as EC 3.1.1.4 and/or EC 3.1.1.32. As used herein, the term phospholipase is an enzyme which has activity towards phospholipids.
Phospholipids, such as lecithin or phosphatidylcholine, consist of glycerol esterified with two fatty acids in an outer (sn-1) and the middle (sn-2) positions and esterified with phosphoric acid in the third position; the phosphoric acid, in turn, may be esterified to an amino-alcohol. Phospholipases are enzymes which participate in the hydrolysis of phospholipids. Several types of phospholipase activity can be distinguished, including phospholipases A1 and A2 which hydrolyze one fatty acyl group (in the sn-1 and sn-2 position, respectively) to form lysophospholipid; and lysophospholipase (or phospholipase B) which can hydrolyze the remaining fatty acyl group in lysophospholipid. Phospholipase C and phospholipase D (phosphodiesterases) release diacyl glycerol or phosphatidic acid respectively.
The composition may use cutinase, classified in EC 3.1.1.74. The cutinase used according to the invention may be of any origin. Preferably cutinases are of microbial origin, in particular of bacterial, of fungal or of yeast origin.
Suitable amylases (alpha and/or beta) include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Amylases include, for example, alpha-amylases obtained from Bacillus, e.g. a special strain of B. licheniformis, described in more detail in GB 1,296,839, or the Bacillus sp. strains disclosed in WO 95/026397 or WO 00/060060. Commercially available amylases are Duramyl™, Termamyl™, Termamyl Ultra™, Natalase™, Stainzyme™, Amplify™, Fungamyl™ and BAN™ (Novozymes A/S), Rapidase™ and Purastar™ (from Genencor International Inc.).
Suitable cellulases include those of bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Suitable cellulases include cellulases from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Humicola, Fusarium, Thielavia, Acremonium, e.g. the fungal cellulases produced from Humicola insolens, Thielavia terrestris, Myceliophthora thermophila, and Fusarium oxysporum disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,435,307, 5,648,263, 5,691,178, 5,776,757, WO 89/09259, WO 96/029397, and WO 98/012307. Commercially available cellulases include Celluzyme™, Carezyme™, Celluclean™ Endolase™, Renozyme™ (Novozymes A/S), Clazinase™ and Puradax HA™ (Genencor International Inc.), and KAC-500(B)™ (Kao Corporation). Celluclean™ is preferred.
Suitable peroxidases/oxidases include those of plant, bacterial or fungal origin. Chemically modified or protein engineered mutants are included. Examples of useful peroxidases include peroxidases from Coprinus, e.g. from C. cinereus, and variants thereof as those described in WO 93/24618, WO 95/10602, and WO 98/15257. Commercially available peroxidases include Guardzyme™ and Novozym™ 51004 (Novozymes A/S).
Further enzymes suitable for use are discussed in WO 2009/087524, WO 2009/090576, WO 2009/107091, WO 2009/111258 and WO 2009/148983.
Any enzyme present in the composition may be stabilized using conventional stabilizing agents, e.g., a polyol such as propylene glycol or glycerol, a sugar or sugar alcohol, lactic acid, boric acid, or a boric acid derivative, e.g., an aromatic borate ester, or a phenyl boronic acid derivative such as 4-formylphenyl boronic acid, and the composition may be formulated as described in e.g. WO 92/19709 and WO 92/19708.
A liquid detergent composition according to the invention preferably has a pH in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably 6 to 8, when measured on dilution of the composition to 1% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) using demineralised water.
A detergent composition of the invention may contain further optional ingredients to enhance performance and/or consumer acceptability. Examples of such ingredients include fragrance oils, foam boosting agents, preservatives (e.g. bactericides), antioxidants, sunscreens, anticorrosion agents, colorants, pearlisers and/or opacifiers, and shading dye. Each of these ingredients will be present in an amount effective to accomplish its purpose. Generally, these optional ingredients are included individually at an amount of up to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
A detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of transition metal ions selected from Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Ce (III), Ce (IV), Zn (II) and Bi (III) and mixtures thereof.
A detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably no more than 0.1%, more preferably no more than 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of oxidising agents selected from halogen-based bleaches (e.g. alkali metal hypochlorites and alkali metal salts of di- and tri-chloro and di- and tri-bromo cyanuric acids), oxygen-based bleaches (e.g. sodium perborate (tetra- or monohydrate), sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide) and mixtures thereof.
The detergent composition of the invention may be packaged in any suitable form.
It may be packaging as unit doses in polymeric film soluble in the wash water. Alternatively, the detergent composition of the invention may be supplied in multidose plastics packs with a top or bottom closure. A dosing measure may be supplied with the pack either as a part of the cap or as an integrated system.
Fabric cleaning methods may suitably be carried out in a top-loading or front-loading automatic washing machine or can be carried out by hand.
In automatic washing machines, the dose of detergent composition is typically put into a dispenser and from there it is flushed into the machine by the water flowing into the machine, thereby forming the wash liquor.
Dosages for a typical front-loading fabric washing machine (using 10 to 15 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may range from about 10 ml to about 100 ml, preferably about 15 to 75 ml. Dosages for a typical top-loading washing machine (using from 40 to 60 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may be higher, e.g. 100 ml or more. Lower dosages of detergent (e.g. 50 ml or less) may be used for hand washing methods (using about 1 to 10 litres of water to form the wash liquor).
A subsequent aqueous rinse step and drying the substrate is preferred. Any input of water during any optional rinsing step(s) is not included when determining the volume of the wash liquor. Drying can take place either in an automatic dryer or in the open air.
An exemplary laundry base for addition of gluconic acid and aminocarboxylate (preferably MGDA or GLDA) is as follows:
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following non-limiting Examples.
All weight percentages are by weight based on total weight unless otherwise specified. Compositions according to the invention are indicated by a number; and comparative examples (not according to the invention) are indicated by a letter.
50 ml of the formulations shown in Table 1 are prepared and stored in screw capped glass jars (60 ml volume, 3.5 cm diameter). Formulations are placed in an oven at 45° C. and stored (in the dark) for 4 weeks. Visual observations of formulation colour stability are made in 60 ml glass jars (3.5 cm diameter) by comparison with freshly prepared samples of the same compositions.
Colour changes are also quantified spectrophotometrically. UV-Vis absorbance measurements are made using a Cary 400 UV-VIS spectrophotometer using a 1 cm pathlength cuvette at a wavelength of 400 nm.
Formulation colour changes on elevated temperature storage are evaluated after preparation and after aging, for 4 weeks in the dark at 45° C.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20212199.2 | Dec 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/083600 | 11/30/2021 | WO |
